Neural circuitry at age 6 months associated with later repetitive behavior and sensory responsiveness in autism / J. J. WOLFF in Molecular Autism, 8 (2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 8 (2017) . - 8p. Titre : Neural circuitry at age 6 months associated with later repetitive behavior and sensory responsiveness in autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : J. J. WOLFF, Auteur ; M. R. SWANSON, Auteur ; J. T. ELISON, Auteur ; G. GERIG, Auteur ; J. R. PRUETT, Auteur ; M. A. STYNER, Auteur ; C. VACHET, Auteur ; Kelly N. BOTTERON, Auteur ; Stephen R. DAGER, Auteur ; A. M. ESTES, Auteur ; Heather C. HAZLETT, Auteur ; Robert T. SCHULTZ, Auteur ; M. D. SHEN, Auteur ; Lonnie ZWAIGENBAUM, Auteur ; J. PIVEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : 8p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnostic imaging/*psychology  Brain/diagnostic imaging/*physiology  Brain Mapping/*methods  Child, Preschool  Diffusion Tensor Imaging/*methods  Female  Humans  Infant  Longitudinal Studies  Male  Stereotyped Behavior/*physiology  *Autism  *Diffusion tensor imaging  *Infant  *Longitudinal  *Repetitive behavior  *White matter Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Restricted and repetitive behaviors are defining features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Under revised diagnostic criteria for ASD, this behavioral domain now includes atypical responses to sensory stimuli. To date, little is known about the neural circuitry underlying these features of ASD early in life. METHODS: Longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging data were collected from 217 infants at high familial risk for ASD. Forty-four of these infants were diagnosed with ASD at age 2. Targeted cortical, cerebellar, and striatal white matter pathways were defined and measured at ages 6, 12, and 24 months. Dependent variables included the Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised and the Sensory Experiences Questionnaire. RESULTS: Among children diagnosed with ASD, repetitive behaviors and sensory response patterns were strongly correlated, even when accounting for developmental level or social impairment. Longitudinal analyses indicated that the genu and cerebellar pathways were significantly associated with both repetitive behaviors and sensory responsiveness but not social deficits. At age 6 months, fractional anisotropy in the genu significantly predicted repetitive behaviors and sensory responsiveness at age 2. Cerebellar pathways significantly predicted later sensory responsiveness. Exploratory analyses suggested a possible disordinal interaction based on diagnostic status for the association between fractional anisotropy and repetitive behavior. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that restricted and repetitive behaviors contributing to a diagnosis of ASD at age 2 years are associated with structural properties of callosal and cerebellar white matter pathways measured during infancy and toddlerhood. We further identified that repetitive behaviors and unusual sensory response patterns co-occur and share common brain-behavior relationships. These results were strikingly specific given the absence of association between targeted pathways and social deficits. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-017-0126-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=331 [article] Neural circuitry at age 6 months associated with later repetitive behavior and sensory responsiveness in autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / J. J. WOLFF, Auteur ; M. R. SWANSON, Auteur ; J. T. ELISON, Auteur ; G. GERIG, Auteur ; J. R. PRUETT, Auteur ; M. A. STYNER, Auteur ; C. VACHET, Auteur ; Kelly N. BOTTERON, Auteur ; Stephen R. DAGER, Auteur ; A. M. ESTES, Auteur ; Heather C. HAZLETT, Auteur ; Robert T. SCHULTZ, Auteur ; M. D. SHEN, Auteur ; Lonnie ZWAIGENBAUM, Auteur ; J. PIVEN, Auteur . - 8p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 8 (2017) . - 8p. Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnostic imaging/*psychology  Brain/diagnostic imaging/*physiology  Brain Mapping/*methods  Child, Preschool  Diffusion Tensor Imaging/*methods  Female  Humans  Infant  Longitudinal Studies  Male  Stereotyped Behavior/*physiology  *Autism  *Diffusion tensor imaging  *Infant  *Longitudinal  *Repetitive behavior  *White matter Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Restricted and repetitive behaviors are defining features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Under revised diagnostic criteria for ASD, this behavioral domain now includes atypical responses to sensory stimuli. To date, little is known about the neural circuitry underlying these features of ASD early in life. METHODS: Longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging data were collected from 217 infants at high familial risk for ASD. Forty-four of these infants were diagnosed with ASD at age 2. Targeted cortical, cerebellar, and striatal white matter pathways were defined and measured at ages 6, 12, and 24 months. Dependent variables included the Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised and the Sensory Experiences Questionnaire. RESULTS: Among children diagnosed with ASD, repetitive behaviors and sensory response patterns were strongly correlated, even when accounting for developmental level or social impairment. Longitudinal analyses indicated that the genu and cerebellar pathways were significantly associated with both repetitive behaviors and sensory responsiveness but not social deficits. At age 6 months, fractional anisotropy in the genu significantly predicted repetitive behaviors and sensory responsiveness at age 2. Cerebellar pathways significantly predicted later sensory responsiveness. Exploratory analyses suggested a possible disordinal interaction based on diagnostic status for the association between fractional anisotropy and repetitive behavior. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that restricted and repetitive behaviors contributing to a diagnosis of ASD at age 2 years are associated with structural properties of callosal and cerebellar white matter pathways measured during infancy and toddlerhood. We further identified that repetitive behaviors and unusual sensory response patterns co-occur and share common brain-behavior relationships. These results were strikingly specific given the absence of association between targeted pathways and social deficits. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-017-0126-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=331

Teasing apart the heterogeneity of autism: Same behavior, different brains in toddlers with fragile X syndrome and autism / Heather C. HAZLETT in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 1-1 (March 2009)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 1-1 (March 2009) . - p.81-90 Titre : Teasing apart the heterogeneity of autism: Same behavior, different brains in toddlers with fragile X syndrome and autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Heather C. HAZLETT, Auteur ; M. D. POE, Auteur ; A. A. LIGHTBODY, Auteur ; G. GERIG, Auteur ; J. R. MACFALL, Auteur ; A. K. ROSS, Auteur ; J. PROVENZALE, Auteur ; A. MARTIN, Auteur ; A. L. REISS, Auteur ; J. PIVEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.81-90 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Amygdala  Autism  Brain volume  Caudate  Children  Fragile X syndrome  Structural MRI Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : To examine brain volumes in substructures associated with the behavioral features of children with FXS compared to children with idiopathic autism and controls. A cross-sectional study of brain substructures was conducted at the first time-point as part of an ongoing longitudinal MRI study of brain development in FXS. The study included 52 boys between 18-42 months of age with FXS and 118 comparison children (boys with autism-non FXS, developmental-delay, and typical development). Children with FXS and autistic disorder had substantially enlarged caudate volume and smaller amygdala volume; whereas those children with autistic disorder without FXS (i.e., idiopathic autism) had only modest enlargement in their caudate nucleus volumes but more robust enlargement of their amygdala volumes. Although we observed this double dissociation among selected brain volumes, no significant differences in severity of autistic behavior between these groups were observed. This study offers a unique examination of early brain development in two disorders, FXS and idiopathic autism, with overlapping behavioral features, but two distinct patterns of brain morphology. We observed that despite almost a third of our FXS sample meeting criteria for autism, the profile of brain volume differences for children with FXS and autism differed from those with idiopathic autism. These findings underscore the importance of addressing heterogeneity in studies of autistic behavior. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11689-009-9009-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=341 [article] Teasing apart the heterogeneity of autism: Same behavior, different brains in toddlers with fragile X syndrome and autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Heather C. HAZLETT, Auteur ; M. D. POE, Auteur ; A. A. LIGHTBODY, Auteur ; G. GERIG, Auteur ; J. R. MACFALL, Auteur ; A. K. ROSS, Auteur ; J. PROVENZALE, Auteur ; A. MARTIN, Auteur ; A. L. REISS, Auteur ; J. PIVEN, Auteur . - p.81-90. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 1-1 (March 2009) . - p.81-90 Mots-clés : Amygdala  Autism  Brain volume  Caudate  Children  Fragile X syndrome  Structural MRI Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : To examine brain volumes in substructures associated with the behavioral features of children with FXS compared to children with idiopathic autism and controls. A cross-sectional study of brain substructures was conducted at the first time-point as part of an ongoing longitudinal MRI study of brain development in FXS. The study included 52 boys between 18-42 months of age with FXS and 118 comparison children (boys with autism-non FXS, developmental-delay, and typical development). Children with FXS and autistic disorder had substantially enlarged caudate volume and smaller amygdala volume; whereas those children with autistic disorder without FXS (i.e., idiopathic autism) had only modest enlargement in their caudate nucleus volumes but more robust enlargement of their amygdala volumes. Although we observed this double dissociation among selected brain volumes, no significant differences in severity of autistic behavior between these groups were observed. This study offers a unique examination of early brain development in two disorders, FXS and idiopathic autism, with overlapping behavioral features, but two distinct patterns of brain morphology. We observed that despite almost a third of our FXS sample meeting criteria for autism, the profile of brain volume differences for children with FXS and autism differed from those with idiopathic autism. These findings underscore the importance of addressing heterogeneity in studies of autistic behavior. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11689-009-9009-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=341

Violence: heightened brain attentional network response is selectively muted in Down syndrome / Jeffrey S. ANDERSON in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 7-1 (December 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 7-1 (December 2015) . - p.15 Titre : Violence: heightened brain attentional network response is selectively muted in Down syndrome Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jeffrey S. ANDERSON, Auteur ; S. M. TREIMAN, Auteur ; M. A. FERGUSON, Auteur ; J. A. NIELSEN, Auteur ; J. O. EDGIN, Auteur ; L. DAI, Auteur ; G. GERIG, Auteur ; J. R. KORENBERG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.15 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attention  Down syndrome  Violence  fMRI Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: The ability to recognize and respond appropriately to threat is critical to survival, and the neural substrates subserving attention to threat may be probed using depictions of media violence. Whether neural responses to potential threat differ in Down syndrome is not known. METHODS: We performed functional MRI scans of 15 adolescent and adult Down syndrome and 14 typically developing individuals, group matched by age and gender, during 50 min of passive cartoon viewing. Brain activation to auditory and visual features, violence, and presence of the protagonist and antagonist were compared across cartoon segments. fMRI signal from the brain's dorsal attention network was compared to thematic and violent events within the cartoons between Down syndrome and control samples. RESULTS: We found that in typical development, the brain's dorsal attention network was most active during violent scenes in the cartoons and that this was significantly and specifically reduced in Down syndrome. When the antagonist was on screen, there was significantly less activation in the left medial temporal lobe of individuals with Down syndrome. As scenes represented greater relative threat, the disparity between attentional brain activation in Down syndrome and control individuals increased. There was a reduction in the temporal autocorrelation of the dorsal attention network, consistent with a shortened attention span in Down syndrome. Individuals with Down syndrome exhibited significantly reduced activation in primary sensory cortices, and such perceptual impairments may constrain their ability to respond to more complex social cues such as violence. CONCLUSIONS: These findings may indicate a relative deficit in emotive perception of violence in Down syndrome, possibly mediated by impaired sensory perception and hypoactivation of medial temporal structures in response to threats, with relative preservation of activity in pro-social brain regions. These findings indicate that specific genetic differences associated with Down syndrome can modulate the brain's response to violence and other complex emotive ideas. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-015-9112-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=347 [article] Violence: heightened brain attentional network response is selectively muted in Down syndrome [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jeffrey S. ANDERSON, Auteur ; S. M. TREIMAN, Auteur ; M. A. FERGUSON, Auteur ; J. A. NIELSEN, Auteur ; J. O. EDGIN, Auteur ; L. DAI, Auteur ; G. GERIG, Auteur ; J. R. KORENBERG, Auteur . - p.15. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 7-1 (December 2015) . - p.15 Mots-clés : Attention  Down syndrome  Violence  fMRI Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: The ability to recognize and respond appropriately to threat is critical to survival, and the neural substrates subserving attention to threat may be probed using depictions of media violence. Whether neural responses to potential threat differ in Down syndrome is not known. METHODS: We performed functional MRI scans of 15 adolescent and adult Down syndrome and 14 typically developing individuals, group matched by age and gender, during 50 min of passive cartoon viewing. Brain activation to auditory and visual features, violence, and presence of the protagonist and antagonist were compared across cartoon segments. fMRI signal from the brain's dorsal attention network was compared to thematic and violent events within the cartoons between Down syndrome and control samples. RESULTS: We found that in typical development, the brain's dorsal attention network was most active during violent scenes in the cartoons and that this was significantly and specifically reduced in Down syndrome. When the antagonist was on screen, there was significantly less activation in the left medial temporal lobe of individuals with Down syndrome. As scenes represented greater relative threat, the disparity between attentional brain activation in Down syndrome and control individuals increased. There was a reduction in the temporal autocorrelation of the dorsal attention network, consistent with a shortened attention span in Down syndrome. Individuals with Down syndrome exhibited significantly reduced activation in primary sensory cortices, and such perceptual impairments may constrain their ability to respond to more complex social cues such as violence. CONCLUSIONS: These findings may indicate a relative deficit in emotive perception of violence in Down syndrome, possibly mediated by impaired sensory perception and hypoactivation of medial temporal structures in response to threats, with relative preservation of activity in pro-social brain regions. These findings indicate that specific genetic differences associated with Down syndrome can modulate the brain's response to violence and other complex emotive ideas. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-015-9112-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=347

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