Depression in independent young adults on the autism spectrum: Demographic characteristics, service use, and barriers / S. ZHENG in Autism, 25-7 (October 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 25-7 (October 2021) . - p.1960-1972 Titre : Depression in independent young adults on the autism spectrum: Demographic characteristics, service use, and barriers Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : S. ZHENG, Auteur ; R. ADAMS, Auteur ; Julie LOUNDS TAYLOR, Auteur ; F. PEZZIMENTI, Auteur ; Somer L. BISHOP, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1960-1972 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis/epidemiology/therapy  Autistic Disorder  Child  Child Development Disorders, Pervasive  Demography  Depression/diagnosis/epidemiology/therapy  Female  Humans  Male  Young Adult  depression diagnosis  depression treatment  service barriers  sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Depression is common among adults on the autism spectrum, but little is known about the extent to which these adults living in the community access diagnostic and treatment services for depression. To address this gap, we surveyed 315 adults on the autism spectrum on depression symptoms, diagnosis, and services. About half of the sample had scores on standard depression measures that suggested they were currently depressed (n = 147, 46.7%). Among the currently depressed, most of them had received a depression diagnosis from a professional. Depressed females were about 3.5 times more likely than depressed males to have a depression diagnosis. More than half of the currently depressed adults on the autism spectrum reported receiving depression treatment at the time of the study, while about two-thirds had previously received treatment. Those with a depression diagnosis were more likely to have received treatment, and those who had some education beyond high school were more likely to be currently receiving treatment. Financial and insurance issues were the most common barriers that adults reported in accessing treatment for depression. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613211008276 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=451 [article] Depression in independent young adults on the autism spectrum: Demographic characteristics, service use, and barriers [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / S. ZHENG, Auteur ; R. ADAMS, Auteur ; Julie LOUNDS TAYLOR, Auteur ; F. PEZZIMENTI, Auteur ; Somer L. BISHOP, Auteur . - p.1960-1972. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 25-7 (October 2021) . - p.1960-1972 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis/epidemiology/therapy  Autistic Disorder  Child  Child Development Disorders, Pervasive  Demography  Depression/diagnosis/epidemiology/therapy  Female  Humans  Male  Young Adult  depression diagnosis  depression treatment  service barriers  sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Depression is common among adults on the autism spectrum, but little is known about the extent to which these adults living in the community access diagnostic and treatment services for depression. To address this gap, we surveyed 315 adults on the autism spectrum on depression symptoms, diagnosis, and services. About half of the sample had scores on standard depression measures that suggested they were currently depressed (n = 147, 46.7%). Among the currently depressed, most of them had received a depression diagnosis from a professional. Depressed females were about 3.5 times more likely than depressed males to have a depression diagnosis. More than half of the currently depressed adults on the autism spectrum reported receiving depression treatment at the time of the study, while about two-thirds had previously received treatment. Those with a depression diagnosis were more likely to have received treatment, and those who had some education beyond high school were more likely to be currently receiving treatment. Financial and insurance issues were the most common barriers that adults reported in accessing treatment for depression. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613211008276 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=451

Goal attainment scaling-community-based: A method to incorporate personalized outcomes into intervention research with youth and adults on the autism spectrum / C. E. LEE in Autism, 26-1 (January 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 26-1 (January 2022) . - p.178-187 Titre : Goal attainment scaling-community-based: A method to incorporate personalized outcomes into intervention research with youth and adults on the autism spectrum Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : C. E. LEE, Auteur ; K. A. SHOGREN, Auteur ; J. SEGAL, Auteur ; F. PEZZIMENTI, Auteur ; Janeth ALEMAN-TOVAR, Auteur ; Julie LOUNDS TAYLOR, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.178-187 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adults  autism spectrum disorders  goal attainment scaling  interventions—psychosocial/behavioral  outcome Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Among people with autism-all who have the same diagnosis-there are major differences on a nearly limitless number of areas, such as language, daily living skills, intellectual ability, sensory difficulties, and physical and mental health diagnoses. Despite these many differences, the targeted outcomes of intervention studies are often measured the same way across autistic adults, including outcomes such as getting a job, achieving greater independence, or getting more services. People have different goals and abilities, and it is important to have a way for intervention studies to measure outcomes in a way that is more personal to each individual. To address this issue, we developed a new approach-called "Goal Attainment Scaling-Community-based" or GAS-CB-to measure individualized outcomes across different research settings. In this article, we describe the need for individualized outcomes in autism intervention research and current approaches to gathering these outcomes, with our discussion focused on a method called goal attainment scaling. We then describe reasons why current goal attainment scaling approaches might not be useful in intervention research that takes place in the community. Finally, we discuss a new goal attainment scaling approach (GAS-CB) that can be flexibly used for research participants with very different characteristics. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613211024492 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=451 [article] Goal attainment scaling-community-based: A method to incorporate personalized outcomes into intervention research with youth and adults on the autism spectrum [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / C. E. LEE, Auteur ; K. A. SHOGREN, Auteur ; J. SEGAL, Auteur ; F. PEZZIMENTI, Auteur ; Janeth ALEMAN-TOVAR, Auteur ; Julie LOUNDS TAYLOR, Auteur . - p.178-187. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 26-1 (January 2022) . - p.178-187 Mots-clés : adults  autism spectrum disorders  goal attainment scaling  interventions—psychosocial/behavioral  outcome Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Among people with autism-all who have the same diagnosis-there are major differences on a nearly limitless number of areas, such as language, daily living skills, intellectual ability, sensory difficulties, and physical and mental health diagnoses. Despite these many differences, the targeted outcomes of intervention studies are often measured the same way across autistic adults, including outcomes such as getting a job, achieving greater independence, or getting more services. People have different goals and abilities, and it is important to have a way for intervention studies to measure outcomes in a way that is more personal to each individual. To address this issue, we developed a new approach-called "Goal Attainment Scaling-Community-based" or GAS-CB-to measure individualized outcomes across different research settings. In this article, we describe the need for individualized outcomes in autism intervention research and current approaches to gathering these outcomes, with our discussion focused on a method called goal attainment scaling. We then describe reasons why current goal attainment scaling approaches might not be useful in intervention research that takes place in the community. Finally, we discuss a new goal attainment scaling approach (GAS-CB) that can be flexibly used for research participants with very different characteristics. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613211024492 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=451

Job loss predicts worsening depressive symptoms for young adults with autism: A COVID-19 natural experiment / Julie LOUNDS TAYLOR in Autism Research, 15-1 (January 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-1 (January 2022) . - p.93-102 Titre : Job loss predicts worsening depressive symptoms for young adults with autism: A COVID-19 natural experiment Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Julie LOUNDS TAYLOR, Auteur ; R. E. ADAMS, Auteur ; F. PEZZIMENTI, Auteur ; S. ZHENG, Auteur ; Somer L. BISHOP, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.93-102 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications  Autistic Disorder  Covid-19  Depression/complications  Humans  SARS-CoV-2  United States  Young Adult  adults  autism spectrum disorder  depression  employment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience high rates of both unemployment and depression. Though job loss predicts increased risk of depression in the general population, studies have yet to directly examine this relationship among individuals with ASD. With the backdrop of rising unemployment due to COVID-19, we used a longitudinal design to examine whether employment changes predicted increasing depressive symptoms among young adults with ASD. Online surveys were collected from young adults with ASD at two times: just before widespread social distancing measures were adopted in the United States, and again 10?weeks later. Both time points included measurement of depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory-2). At Time 2, COVID-related employment changes and the perceived impact of those changes on well-being were collected. Of the young adults who were employed at Time 1 (n = 144), over one-third (37.5%) reported employment changes during the first 2?months of COVID-19. Most of this change was job loss or reductions in hours or pay ("job loss/reduction"). Controlling for Time 1 depressive symptoms, young adults who experienced job loss/reduction had significantly higher depressive symptoms at Time 2 than those without an employment change. Individuals' perceived impact of employment change also predicted depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that losing a job or experiencing reductions in hours or pay leads to worsening depressive symptoms among adults with ASD. Better supporting autistic adults in the workplace may not only decrease the likelihood of job loss, but also combat the exceedingly high rates of depression in this group. LAY SUMMARY: Though unemployment has been linked to mental health problems in the general population, this relationship is seldom considered among adults with autism. In this study, we found that adults on the autism spectrum who lost their jobs or experienced reductions in pay or hours during the first 2?months of COVID-19 had worsening depression compared to adults who did not have job changes. Our findings suggest that increasing access to employment may help alleviate poor mental health among autistic adults. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2621 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450 [article] Job loss predicts worsening depressive symptoms for young adults with autism: A COVID-19 natural experiment [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Julie LOUNDS TAYLOR, Auteur ; R. E. ADAMS, Auteur ; F. PEZZIMENTI, Auteur ; S. ZHENG, Auteur ; Somer L. BISHOP, Auteur . - p.93-102. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-1 (January 2022) . - p.93-102 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications  Autistic Disorder  Covid-19  Depression/complications  Humans  SARS-CoV-2  United States  Young Adult  adults  autism spectrum disorder  depression  employment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience high rates of both unemployment and depression. Though job loss predicts increased risk of depression in the general population, studies have yet to directly examine this relationship among individuals with ASD. With the backdrop of rising unemployment due to COVID-19, we used a longitudinal design to examine whether employment changes predicted increasing depressive symptoms among young adults with ASD. Online surveys were collected from young adults with ASD at two times: just before widespread social distancing measures were adopted in the United States, and again 10?weeks later. Both time points included measurement of depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory-2). At Time 2, COVID-related employment changes and the perceived impact of those changes on well-being were collected. Of the young adults who were employed at Time 1 (n = 144), over one-third (37.5%) reported employment changes during the first 2?months of COVID-19. Most of this change was job loss or reductions in hours or pay ("job loss/reduction"). Controlling for Time 1 depressive symptoms, young adults who experienced job loss/reduction had significantly higher depressive symptoms at Time 2 than those without an employment change. Individuals' perceived impact of employment change also predicted depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that losing a job or experiencing reductions in hours or pay leads to worsening depressive symptoms among adults with ASD. Better supporting autistic adults in the workplace may not only decrease the likelihood of job loss, but also combat the exceedingly high rates of depression in this group. LAY SUMMARY: Though unemployment has been linked to mental health problems in the general population, this relationship is seldom considered among adults with autism. In this study, we found that adults on the autism spectrum who lost their jobs or experienced reductions in pay or hours during the first 2?months of COVID-19 had worsening depression compared to adults who did not have job changes. Our findings suggest that increasing access to employment may help alleviate poor mental health among autistic adults. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2621 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450

Perceived helpfulness of depression treatments among young adults with autism / S. ZHENG in Autism Research, 14-7 (July 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-7 (July 2021) . - p.1522-1528 Titre : Perceived helpfulness of depression treatments among young adults with autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : S. ZHENG, Auteur ; Julie LOUNDS TAYLOR, Auteur ; R. ADAMS, Auteur ; F. PEZZIMENTI, Auteur ; Somer L. BISHOP, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1522-1528 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications/therapy  Autistic Disorder  Depression/complications/therapy  Educational Status  Female  Humans  Male  Surveys and Questionnaires  Young Adult  depressive symptoms  individual therapy  measure  medication  treatment helpfulness Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Currently available treatments for depression show limited effectiveness in adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) based on measures of symptom changes and clinician impressions. Perceived helpfulness is another metric that has been found to be useful for understanding treatment outcomes in the general population, but it has not yet been explored in adults with ASD. Thus, the current study collected online survey data to examine patient-perceived treatment helpfulness in a sample of 144 adults with ASD who reported that they were currently receiving community-based treatment for depression. Findings indicate that while there was variability in the levels of perceived helpfulness for both medication and individual therapy, most adults with ASD perceived treatment to be at least moderately helpful. Notably, adults with ASD reported having been in treatment for a prolonged duration (5 to 6?years). Ordinal logistic regression models showed that adults with more depressive symptoms perceived treatments to be less helpful (i.e., medications: odds ratio [OR] = 0.92, 95% confidence interval[CI] = 0.89-0.95; individual therapy: OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.92-0.99). Moreover, women perceived medication as more helpful than men (OR = 2.33, 95% CI = 1.13-4.82). Other individual (i.e., age, race, education level) and treatment (i.e., treatment length, concurrent treatment) characteristics were not significantly associated with perceived helpfulness. These findings suggest that future studies may want to use perceived helpfulness, in addition to traditionally used objective outcomes, to understand patients' treatment experience and evaluate depression treatments for adults with ASD. LAY SUMMARY: Adults with autism are much more likely to be depressed than those without autism; therefore, effective depression treatments are necessary to improve mental health outcomes in this group. This online survey study found that most adults with autism felt that the depression treatments they were receiving in the community (i.e., medication and individual therapy) were helpful. Females and those with fewer symptoms of depression felt treatments were more helpful compared with males and those with more symptoms of depression. Our findings suggest that when examining whether treatments for depression are effective, it may be important to measure adults' feelings about the helpfulness of the treatments in addition to measuring changes in symptoms of depression. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2515 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449 [article] Perceived helpfulness of depression treatments among young adults with autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / S. ZHENG, Auteur ; Julie LOUNDS TAYLOR, Auteur ; R. ADAMS, Auteur ; F. PEZZIMENTI, Auteur ; Somer L. BISHOP, Auteur . - p.1522-1528. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-7 (July 2021) . - p.1522-1528 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications/therapy  Autistic Disorder  Depression/complications/therapy  Educational Status  Female  Humans  Male  Surveys and Questionnaires  Young Adult  depressive symptoms  individual therapy  measure  medication  treatment helpfulness Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Currently available treatments for depression show limited effectiveness in adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) based on measures of symptom changes and clinician impressions. Perceived helpfulness is another metric that has been found to be useful for understanding treatment outcomes in the general population, but it has not yet been explored in adults with ASD. Thus, the current study collected online survey data to examine patient-perceived treatment helpfulness in a sample of 144 adults with ASD who reported that they were currently receiving community-based treatment for depression. Findings indicate that while there was variability in the levels of perceived helpfulness for both medication and individual therapy, most adults with ASD perceived treatment to be at least moderately helpful. Notably, adults with ASD reported having been in treatment for a prolonged duration (5 to 6?years). Ordinal logistic regression models showed that adults with more depressive symptoms perceived treatments to be less helpful (i.e., medications: odds ratio [OR] = 0.92, 95% confidence interval[CI] = 0.89-0.95; individual therapy: OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.92-0.99). Moreover, women perceived medication as more helpful than men (OR = 2.33, 95% CI = 1.13-4.82). Other individual (i.e., age, race, education level) and treatment (i.e., treatment length, concurrent treatment) characteristics were not significantly associated with perceived helpfulness. These findings suggest that future studies may want to use perceived helpfulness, in addition to traditionally used objective outcomes, to understand patients' treatment experience and evaluate depression treatments for adults with ASD. LAY SUMMARY: Adults with autism are much more likely to be depressed than those without autism; therefore, effective depression treatments are necessary to improve mental health outcomes in this group. This online survey study found that most adults with autism felt that the depression treatments they were receiving in the community (i.e., medication and individual therapy) were helpful. Females and those with fewer symptoms of depression felt treatments were more helpful compared with males and those with more symptoms of depression. Our findings suggest that when examining whether treatments for depression are effective, it may be important to measure adults' feelings about the helpfulness of the treatments in addition to measuring changes in symptoms of depression. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2515 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449

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