Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of behavioral activation for treatment of depression in autistic adolescents / Christina BURROUGHS ; Jessica PAPPAGIANOPOULOS ; Eleonora SADIKOVA ; Emily FUHRMANN ; Genevieve BOHAC ; Robert CROSS ; Lauren WITTE ; Gabrielle BRINKMANN ; Rachel LEMLEY ; Denis G. SUKHODOLSKY ; Micah O. MAZUREK in Autism, 28-12 (December 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-12 (December 2024) . - p.3021-3032 Titre : Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of behavioral activation for treatment of depression in autistic adolescents Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Christina BURROUGHS, Auteur ; Jessica PAPPAGIANOPOULOS, Auteur ; Eleonora SADIKOVA, Auteur ; Emily FUHRMANN, Auteur ; Genevieve BOHAC, Auteur ; Robert CROSS, Auteur ; Lauren WITTE, Auteur ; Gabrielle BRINKMANN, Auteur ; Rachel LEMLEY, Auteur ; Denis G. SUKHODOLSKY, Auteur ; Micah O. MAZUREK, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3021-3032 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : anxiety  autism spectrum disorders  depression  interventions-psychosocial/behavioral  psychiatric comorbidity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Depression is common among autistic youth and is associated with worse quality of life in this group. Despite significant need for high-quality efficacious treatments, there has been very limited research on interventions for depression in autistic youth. This single-arm pilot study examined the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a novel, behavior-based approach for treatment of depression symptoms in autistic adolescents without intellectual disability (i.e. Behavioral Activation for Autistic Adolescents, BA-A). BA-A is an individually delivered manualized 12-session treatment that utilizes established BA strategies and incorporates common mental health treatment adaptations for autistic young people. Of the 18 youth (11-16 years old) who enrolled, 15 completed all 12 treatment sessions, as well as pre-treatment, post-treatment, and follow-up assessment visits. Clinician treatment fidelity was quite high. Paired sample t-tests found that depression symptoms decreased pre- to post-BA-A according to multiple informants (i.e. self, caregiver, and independent evaluator), and treatment gains were maintained at 1-month follow-up. Paired sample t-tests also found that caregiver-reported anxiety symptoms and social skills improved pre-treatment to post-treatment. The results, although preliminary, indicate that BA-A may improve depression symptoms in autistic youth without intellectual disability. Furthermore, these promising findings suggest that a randomized controlled trial of BA-A is warranted. This trial was pre-registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05018169). Lay Abstract Depression is common among autistic youth and has a significant negative impact on quality of life and day-to-day functioning. Despite great need for efficacious treatments, there are currently limited research-supported interventions for depression symptoms in autistic young people. This study tested a novel, behavior-based approach or psychotherapy for treatment of depression symptoms in autistic adolescents without intellectual disability (i.e. Behavioral Activation for Autistic Adolescents, BA-A) with 15 youth (11-16 years old). BA-A is an individually delivered 12-session therapy that was developed for and to meet the needs of autistic youth with depression. Results found that autistic youth and their caregivers were able to participate in BA-A therapy sessions, and clinicians were able to deliver BA-A in accordance with the treatment manual. Notably, results demonstrated that autistic youth depression symptoms significantly improved after participating in BA-A. Furthermore, anxiety symptoms and social skills significantly improved following BA-A. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241252470 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=543 [article] Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of behavioral activation for treatment of depression in autistic adolescents [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Christina BURROUGHS, Auteur ; Jessica PAPPAGIANOPOULOS, Auteur ; Eleonora SADIKOVA, Auteur ; Emily FUHRMANN, Auteur ; Genevieve BOHAC, Auteur ; Robert CROSS, Auteur ; Lauren WITTE, Auteur ; Gabrielle BRINKMANN, Auteur ; Rachel LEMLEY, Auteur ; Denis G. SUKHODOLSKY, Auteur ; Micah O. MAZUREK, Auteur . - p.3021-3032. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-12 (December 2024) . - p.3021-3032 Mots-clés : anxiety  autism spectrum disorders  depression  interventions-psychosocial/behavioral  psychiatric comorbidity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Depression is common among autistic youth and is associated with worse quality of life in this group. Despite significant need for high-quality efficacious treatments, there has been very limited research on interventions for depression in autistic youth. This single-arm pilot study examined the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a novel, behavior-based approach for treatment of depression symptoms in autistic adolescents without intellectual disability (i.e. Behavioral Activation for Autistic Adolescents, BA-A). BA-A is an individually delivered manualized 12-session treatment that utilizes established BA strategies and incorporates common mental health treatment adaptations for autistic young people. Of the 18 youth (11-16 years old) who enrolled, 15 completed all 12 treatment sessions, as well as pre-treatment, post-treatment, and follow-up assessment visits. Clinician treatment fidelity was quite high. Paired sample t-tests found that depression symptoms decreased pre- to post-BA-A according to multiple informants (i.e. self, caregiver, and independent evaluator), and treatment gains were maintained at 1-month follow-up. Paired sample t-tests also found that caregiver-reported anxiety symptoms and social skills improved pre-treatment to post-treatment. The results, although preliminary, indicate that BA-A may improve depression symptoms in autistic youth without intellectual disability. Furthermore, these promising findings suggest that a randomized controlled trial of BA-A is warranted. This trial was pre-registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05018169). Lay Abstract Depression is common among autistic youth and has a significant negative impact on quality of life and day-to-day functioning. Despite great need for efficacious treatments, there are currently limited research-supported interventions for depression symptoms in autistic young people. This study tested a novel, behavior-based approach or psychotherapy for treatment of depression symptoms in autistic adolescents without intellectual disability (i.e. Behavioral Activation for Autistic Adolescents, BA-A) with 15 youth (11-16 years old). BA-A is an individually delivered 12-session therapy that was developed for and to meet the needs of autistic youth with depression. Results found that autistic youth and their caregivers were able to participate in BA-A therapy sessions, and clinicians were able to deliver BA-A in accordance with the treatment manual. Notably, results demonstrated that autistic youth depression symptoms significantly improved after participating in BA-A. Furthermore, anxiety symptoms and social skills significantly improved following BA-A. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241252470 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=543

Gender diversity in autistic and neurotypical youth over adolescence and puberty: A longitudinal study / Rachael A. MUSCATELLO ; Melissa CYPERSKI ; Eleonora SADIKOVA ; E. Kale EDMISTON ; Trey William MCGONIGLE ; Rachel CALVOSA ; Simon VANDEKAR in Autism Research, 17-7 (July 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 17-7 (July 2024) . - p.1450-1463 Titre : Gender diversity in autistic and neurotypical youth over adolescence and puberty: A longitudinal study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rachael A. MUSCATELLO, Auteur ; Melissa CYPERSKI, Auteur ; Eleonora SADIKOVA, Auteur ; E. Kale EDMISTON, Auteur ; Trey William MCGONIGLE, Auteur ; Rachel CALVOSA, Auteur ; Simon VANDEKAR, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1450-1463 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Recent research in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has suggested a higher prevalence of gender diversity in individuals diagnosed with ASD. Adolescence is a critical period for the consolidation of gender identity, yet the extent to which the experience of gender diversity is stable over adolescence and puberty in autistic youth is poorly understood. The aim of the study was to examine the consistency of gender diversity using the gender diversity screening questionnaire for self- and parent-report of youth (GDSQ-S, GDSQ-P) over a four-year longitudinal study of pubertal development in youth with ASD (N = 140, 36 assigned-female-at birth (AFAB)) and typical development (TD, N = 104, 58 assigned-male-at-birth [AMAB]) and their parents. The extent to which diagnosis (ASD vs. TD), assigned sex (AFAB vs. AMAB) and developmental level (age, puberty) predict GDSQ trajectory over time was explored. There was a significant diagnosis by sex-assigned-at-birth by age interaction for GDSQ-S Gender Diversity, p = 0.002, showing higher scores in autistic AFAB youth over adolescence, and TD AFAB showing initially lower, then increasing levels over adolescence. For GDSQ-P, Gender Incongruence was significantly different between the groups, p = 0.032, showing higher incongruence for autistic AFAB around age 10, decreasing between age 12-14 before increasing again, while TD AFAB evidence the inverse trend. AMAB trends were stable. The significant diagnostic, developmental and sex-based differences indicate AFAB youth experience greater gender diversity that evolves over development. Findings suggest gender identity formation is nuanced and may be influenced by pubertal progression, hormonal patterns, and psychosocial factors. Results underscore the need for enhanced understanding of the unique, dynamic profiles of females-assigned-at-birth. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3141 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=533 [article] Gender diversity in autistic and neurotypical youth over adolescence and puberty: A longitudinal study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rachael A. MUSCATELLO, Auteur ; Melissa CYPERSKI, Auteur ; Eleonora SADIKOVA, Auteur ; E. Kale EDMISTON, Auteur ; Trey William MCGONIGLE, Auteur ; Rachel CALVOSA, Auteur ; Simon VANDEKAR, Auteur . - p.1450-1463. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 17-7 (July 2024) . - p.1450-1463 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Recent research in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has suggested a higher prevalence of gender diversity in individuals diagnosed with ASD. Adolescence is a critical period for the consolidation of gender identity, yet the extent to which the experience of gender diversity is stable over adolescence and puberty in autistic youth is poorly understood. The aim of the study was to examine the consistency of gender diversity using the gender diversity screening questionnaire for self- and parent-report of youth (GDSQ-S, GDSQ-P) over a four-year longitudinal study of pubertal development in youth with ASD (N = 140, 36 assigned-female-at birth (AFAB)) and typical development (TD, N = 104, 58 assigned-male-at-birth [AMAB]) and their parents. The extent to which diagnosis (ASD vs. TD), assigned sex (AFAB vs. AMAB) and developmental level (age, puberty) predict GDSQ trajectory over time was explored. There was a significant diagnosis by sex-assigned-at-birth by age interaction for GDSQ-S Gender Diversity, p = 0.002, showing higher scores in autistic AFAB youth over adolescence, and TD AFAB showing initially lower, then increasing levels over adolescence. For GDSQ-P, Gender Incongruence was significantly different between the groups, p = 0.032, showing higher incongruence for autistic AFAB around age 10, decreasing between age 12-14 before increasing again, while TD AFAB evidence the inverse trend. AMAB trends were stable. The significant diagnostic, developmental and sex-based differences indicate AFAB youth experience greater gender diversity that evolves over development. Findings suggest gender identity formation is nuanced and may be influenced by pubertal progression, hormonal patterns, and psychosocial factors. Results underscore the need for enhanced understanding of the unique, dynamic profiles of females-assigned-at-birth. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3141 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=533

Impact of adverse childhood experiences and family resilience on sleep duration in autistic children / Eleonora SADIKOVA in Autism, 28-10 (October 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-10 (October 2024) . - p.2612-2622 Titre : Impact of adverse childhood experiences and family resilience on sleep duration in autistic children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Eleonora SADIKOVA, Auteur ; Jim SOLAND, Auteur ; Michelle MENEZES, Auteur ; Micah MAZUREK, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2612-2622 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  family functioning and support  sleep Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic children are at higher risk of experiencing adverse childhood experiences, which lead to negative health outcomes such as sleep difficulties. In the general population, family resilience can help reduce the negative impact of adverse childhood experiences on child functioning. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of adverse childhood experiences on sleep duration, and whether family resilience moderates this impact in autistic children. With data from 2882 caregivers of children with autism from the National Survey of Children?s Health, we examined the role of family resilience on the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and sleep duration. As shown in previous findings, there was a main effect of adverse childhood experiences on sleep duration. There was no significant main effect of family resilience on sleep duration. Results also show that family resilience moderates the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and sleep duration, possibly serving as a protective factor. Lay abstract Autistic children are more likely to have sleep difficulties and to experience adverse childhood experiences. Adverse childhood experiences can include parental divorce, bullying, or witnessing violence. We also know that children in families who are resilient (e.g. families who are connected, work together, and help each other) are less impacted by adverse childhood experiences. Our study examined whether there was a relationship between adverse childhood experiences and sleep duration in autistic children. We also wanted to find out whether family resilience protects from the negative impact of adverse childhood experiences on sleep duration. We used data from 3247 parent surveys about their children that we got from the National Survey of Children?s Health. We found that children with adverse childhood experiences are more likely to get less sleep. We also found that children with resilient families were more likely to get more sleep. Our results show that family resilience helps weaken the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and sleep, so it is important to help families build resilience. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241235880 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=536 [article] Impact of adverse childhood experiences and family resilience on sleep duration in autistic children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Eleonora SADIKOVA, Auteur ; Jim SOLAND, Auteur ; Michelle MENEZES, Auteur ; Micah MAZUREK, Auteur . - p.2612-2622. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-10 (October 2024) . - p.2612-2622 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  family functioning and support  sleep Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic children are at higher risk of experiencing adverse childhood experiences, which lead to negative health outcomes such as sleep difficulties. In the general population, family resilience can help reduce the negative impact of adverse childhood experiences on child functioning. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of adverse childhood experiences on sleep duration, and whether family resilience moderates this impact in autistic children. With data from 2882 caregivers of children with autism from the National Survey of Children?s Health, we examined the role of family resilience on the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and sleep duration. As shown in previous findings, there was a main effect of adverse childhood experiences on sleep duration. There was no significant main effect of family resilience on sleep duration. Results also show that family resilience moderates the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and sleep duration, possibly serving as a protective factor. Lay abstract Autistic children are more likely to have sleep difficulties and to experience adverse childhood experiences. Adverse childhood experiences can include parental divorce, bullying, or witnessing violence. We also know that children in families who are resilient (e.g. families who are connected, work together, and help each other) are less impacted by adverse childhood experiences. Our study examined whether there was a relationship between adverse childhood experiences and sleep duration in autistic children. We also wanted to find out whether family resilience protects from the negative impact of adverse childhood experiences on sleep duration. We used data from 3247 parent surveys about their children that we got from the National Survey of Children?s Health. We found that children with adverse childhood experiences are more likely to get less sleep. We also found that children with resilient families were more likely to get more sleep. Our results show that family resilience helps weaken the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and sleep, so it is important to help families build resilience. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241235880 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=536

Inner experiences, mental health, and well-being in autistic and non-autistic adults / Micah O. MAZUREK in Autism Research, 17-12 (December 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 17-12 (December 2024) . - p.2676-2688 Titre : Inner experiences, mental health, and well-being in autistic and non-autistic adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Micah O. MAZUREK, Auteur ; Jessica PAPPAGIANOPOULOS, Auteur ; Sophie BRUNT, Auteur ; Rose NEVILL, Auteur ; Michelle MENEZES, Auteur ; Christina BURROUGHS, Auteur ; Eleonora SADIKOVA, Auteur ; Jessica V. SMITH, Auteur ; Mya HOWARD, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2676-2688 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  inner speech  mental health  self-talk  verbal thinking  visual thinking Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract The nature of autistic adults' everyday inner experiences has been largely unstudied. The purpose of this study was to examine patterns of inner experiences and how they relate to mental health and wellness among autistic and non-autistic adults. Autistic (n?=?303) and non-autistic (n?=?289) adults (ages 21?82) completed online surveys assessing their anxiety, depression, happiness, life satisfaction, and inner thinking patterns, (inner speaking [i.e., verbal thinking], inner seeing [i.e., visual thinking], unsymbolized thinking, feelings, sensory awareness, self-talk). Group differences in inner thinking were examined using Mann?Whitney U and chi-square tests. Correlations and multiple linear regressions examined associations between inner experiences, mental health, and well-being. Autistic adults had greater use of inner speaking and sensory awareness, compared to non-autistic adults. The most common primary mode of inner experience for both groups was inner speaking, while fewer autistic adults reported that experiencing thoughts as feelings was their primary modality. Autistic adults reported greater use of self-talk for social assessment, self-criticism, and self-management purposes, compared to non-autistic adults. Experiencing thoughts as inner speech and as feelings were associated with anxiety in both groups. Using self-talk for social assessment and self-criticism purposes was correlated with anxiety and depression in both groups, while using self-talk for self-management was associated with depression and anxiety only among autistic adults. The results suggest that autistic and non-autistic adults have similarities in overall patterns of inner thinking, yet autistic adults may be more likely to engage in self-talk as a strategy to manage challenging day-to-day experiences. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.3273 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=544 [article] Inner experiences, mental health, and well-being in autistic and non-autistic adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Micah O. MAZUREK, Auteur ; Jessica PAPPAGIANOPOULOS, Auteur ; Sophie BRUNT, Auteur ; Rose NEVILL, Auteur ; Michelle MENEZES, Auteur ; Christina BURROUGHS, Auteur ; Eleonora SADIKOVA, Auteur ; Jessica V. SMITH, Auteur ; Mya HOWARD, Auteur . - p.2676-2688. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 17-12 (December 2024) . - p.2676-2688 Mots-clés : autism  inner speech  mental health  self-talk  verbal thinking  visual thinking Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract The nature of autistic adults' everyday inner experiences has been largely unstudied. The purpose of this study was to examine patterns of inner experiences and how they relate to mental health and wellness among autistic and non-autistic adults. Autistic (n?=?303) and non-autistic (n?=?289) adults (ages 21?82) completed online surveys assessing their anxiety, depression, happiness, life satisfaction, and inner thinking patterns, (inner speaking [i.e., verbal thinking], inner seeing [i.e., visual thinking], unsymbolized thinking, feelings, sensory awareness, self-talk). Group differences in inner thinking were examined using Mann?Whitney U and chi-square tests. Correlations and multiple linear regressions examined associations between inner experiences, mental health, and well-being. Autistic adults had greater use of inner speaking and sensory awareness, compared to non-autistic adults. The most common primary mode of inner experience for both groups was inner speaking, while fewer autistic adults reported that experiencing thoughts as feelings was their primary modality. Autistic adults reported greater use of self-talk for social assessment, self-criticism, and self-management purposes, compared to non-autistic adults. Experiencing thoughts as inner speech and as feelings were associated with anxiety in both groups. Using self-talk for social assessment and self-criticism purposes was correlated with anxiety and depression in both groups, while using self-talk for self-management was associated with depression and anxiety only among autistic adults. The results suggest that autistic and non-autistic adults have similarities in overall patterns of inner thinking, yet autistic adults may be more likely to engage in self-talk as a strategy to manage challenging day-to-day experiences. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.3273 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=544

Longitudinal Examination of Sleep Problems and Symptom Severity in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder / Eleonora SADIKOVA in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 53-4 (April 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 53-4 (April 2023) . - p.1673-1681 Titre : Longitudinal Examination of Sleep Problems and Symptom Severity in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Eleonora SADIKOVA, Auteur ; Kristen DOVGAN, Auteur ; Micah O. MAZUREK, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1673-1681 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Up to 80% of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience sleep problems, which have been associated with more severe presentations of ASD symptoms. We examined the bidirectional link between sleep problems and specific ASD symptoms at two time points within 5 years in a well-characterized sample (659 children with ASD). Using cross-lagged panel analyses, we found evidence for a unidirectional link between baseline ASD symptoms (specifically repetitive behaviors, atypical behaviors, communication, and peer interactions) and future sleep problems, but did not find evidence of a bidirectional relationship. We did not find any longitudinal association between social reciprocity and sleep problems. It is important for providers and caregivers to understand and monitor the link between ASD symptoms and sleep problems. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05401-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=500 [article] Longitudinal Examination of Sleep Problems and Symptom Severity in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Eleonora SADIKOVA, Auteur ; Kristen DOVGAN, Auteur ; Micah O. MAZUREK, Auteur . - p.1673-1681. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 53-4 (April 2023) . - p.1673-1681 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Up to 80% of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience sleep problems, which have been associated with more severe presentations of ASD symptoms. We examined the bidirectional link between sleep problems and specific ASD symptoms at two time points within 5 years in a well-characterized sample (659 children with ASD). Using cross-lagged panel analyses, we found evidence for a unidirectional link between baseline ASD symptoms (specifically repetitive behaviors, atypical behaviors, communication, and peer interactions) and future sleep problems, but did not find evidence of a bidirectional relationship. We did not find any longitudinal association between social reciprocity and sleep problems. It is important for providers and caregivers to understand and monitor the link between ASD symptoms and sleep problems. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05401-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=500

The Co-Occurrence of Autism and Gender Diversity / Dana L. ROFEY ; Eleonora SADIKOVA

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The impact of COVID-19 on receipt of health services among children with and without autism / Sophie BRUNT in Autism, 28-3 (March 2024)  

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They deserve the “same level of care that any other person deserves”: Caregiver perspectives on healthcare for adults on the autism spectrum / Micah O. MAZUREK in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 89 (November 2021)  

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Understanding autism diagnosis in primary care: Rates of diagnosis from 2004 to 2019 and child age at diagnosis / Jessica V. SMITH in Autism, 28-10 (October 2024)  

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