Adolescent gender diversity: sociodemographic correlates and mental health outcomes in the general population / Akhgar GHASSABIAN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 63-11 (November 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 63-11 (November 2022) . - p.1415-1422 Titre : Adolescent gender diversity: sociodemographic correlates and mental health outcomes in the general population Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Akhgar GHASSABIAN, Auteur ; Anna SULERI, Auteur ; Elisabet BLOK, Auteur ; Berta FRANCH, Auteur ; Manon H.J. HILLEGERS, Auteur ; Tonya WHITE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1415-1422 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Child  Infant, Newborn  Humans  Adolescent  Male  Female  Gender Identity  Parents/psychology  Mental Health  Anxiety  Outcome Assessment, Health Care  Gender-variant  autistic traits  general population Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Gender diversity in young adolescents is understudied outside of referral clinics. We investigated gender diversity in an urban, ethnically diverse sample of adolescents from the general population and examined predictors and associated mental health outcomes. METHODS: The study was embedded in Generation R, a population-based cohort of children born between 2002 and 2006 in Rotterdam, the Netherlands (n=5727). At ages 9-11 and 13-15 years, adolescents and/or their parents responded to two questions addressing children's contentedness with their assigned gender, whether they (a) 'wished to be the opposite sex' and (b) 'would rather be treated as someone from the opposite sex'. We defined 'gender-variant experience' when either the parent or child responded with 'somewhat or sometimes true' or 'very or often true'. Mental health was assessed at 13-15 years, using the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment. RESULTS: Less than 1% of the parents reported that their child had gender-variant experience, with poor stability between 9-11 and 13-15 years. In contrast, 4% of children reported gender-variant experience at 13-15 years. Adolescents who were assigned female at birth reported more gender-variant experience than those assigned male. Parents with low/medium educational levels reported more gender-variant experience in their children than those with higher education. There were positive associations between gender-variant experience and symptoms of anxiety, depression, somatic complaints, rule-breaking, and aggressive behavior as well as attention, social, and thought problems. Similar associations were observed for autistic traits, independent of other mental difficulties. These associations did not differ by assigned sex at birth. CONCLUSIONS: Within this population-based study, adolescents assigned females were more likely to have gender-variant experience than males. Our data suggest that parents may not be aware of gender diversity feelings in their adolescents. Associations between gender diversity and mental health symptoms were present in adolescents. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13588 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=490 [article] Adolescent gender diversity: sociodemographic correlates and mental health outcomes in the general population [texte imprimé] / Akhgar GHASSABIAN, Auteur ; Anna SULERI, Auteur ; Elisabet BLOK, Auteur ; Berta FRANCH, Auteur ; Manon H.J. HILLEGERS, Auteur ; Tonya WHITE, Auteur . - p.1415-1422. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 63-11 (November 2022) . - p.1415-1422 Mots-clés : Child  Infant, Newborn  Humans  Adolescent  Male  Female  Gender Identity  Parents/psychology  Mental Health  Anxiety  Outcome Assessment, Health Care  Gender-variant  autistic traits  general population Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Gender diversity in young adolescents is understudied outside of referral clinics. We investigated gender diversity in an urban, ethnically diverse sample of adolescents from the general population and examined predictors and associated mental health outcomes. METHODS: The study was embedded in Generation R, a population-based cohort of children born between 2002 and 2006 in Rotterdam, the Netherlands (n=5727). At ages 9-11 and 13-15 years, adolescents and/or their parents responded to two questions addressing children's contentedness with their assigned gender, whether they (a) 'wished to be the opposite sex' and (b) 'would rather be treated as someone from the opposite sex'. We defined 'gender-variant experience' when either the parent or child responded with 'somewhat or sometimes true' or 'very or often true'. Mental health was assessed at 13-15 years, using the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment. RESULTS: Less than 1% of the parents reported that their child had gender-variant experience, with poor stability between 9-11 and 13-15 years. In contrast, 4% of children reported gender-variant experience at 13-15 years. Adolescents who were assigned female at birth reported more gender-variant experience than those assigned male. Parents with low/medium educational levels reported more gender-variant experience in their children than those with higher education. There were positive associations between gender-variant experience and symptoms of anxiety, depression, somatic complaints, rule-breaking, and aggressive behavior as well as attention, social, and thought problems. Similar associations were observed for autistic traits, independent of other mental difficulties. These associations did not differ by assigned sex at birth. CONCLUSIONS: Within this population-based study, adolescents assigned females were more likely to have gender-variant experience than males. Our data suggest that parents may not be aware of gender diversity feelings in their adolescents. Associations between gender diversity and mental health symptoms were present in adolescents. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13588 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=490

Brain morphology, autistic traits, and polygenic risk for autism: A population-based neuroimaging study / Silvia ALEMANY in Autism Research, 14-10 (October 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-10 (October 2021) . - p.2085-2099 Titre : Brain morphology, autistic traits, and polygenic risk for autism: A population-based neuroimaging study Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Silvia ALEMANY, Auteur ; Elisabet BLOK, Auteur ; Philip R. JANSEN, Auteur ; Ryan L. MUETZEL, Auteur ; Tiffany C. WHITE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2085-2099 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnostic imaging/genetics  Autistic Disorder/diagnostic imaging/genetics  Brain/diagnostic imaging  Child  Humans  Magnetic Resonance Imaging  Neuroimaging  autism  cortical thickness  genetics  gyrification  surface area Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are associated with widespread brain alterations. Previous research in our group linked autistic traits with altered gyrification, but without pronounced differences in cortical thickness. Herein, we aim to replicate and extend these findings using a larger and older sample. Additionally, we examined whether (a) brain correlates of autistic traits were associated with polygenic risk scores (PRS) for ASD, and (b) autistic traits are related with brain morphological changes over time in a subset of children with longitudinal data available. The sample included 2400 children from the Generation R cohort. Autistic traits were measured using the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) at age 6 years. Gyrification, cortical thickness, surface area, and global morphological measures were obtained from high-resolution structural MRI scans at ages 9-to-12 years. We performed multiple linear regression analyses on a vertex-wise level. Corresponding regions of interest were tested for association with PRS. Results showed that autistic traits were related to (a) lower gyrification in the lateral occipital and the superior and inferior parietal lobes, (b) lower cortical thickness in the superior frontal region, and (c) lower surface area in inferior temporal and rostral middle frontal regions. PRS for ASD and longitudinal analyses showed significant associations that did not survive correction for multiple testing. Our findings support stability in the relationship between higher autistic symptoms and lower gyrification and smaller surface areas in school-aged children. These relationships remained when excluding ASD cases, providing neurobiological evidence for the extension of autistic traits into the general population. LAY SUMMARY: We found that school-aged children with higher levels of autistic traits had smaller total brain volume, cerebellum, cortical thickness, and surface area. Further, we also found differences in the folding patterns of the brain (gyrification). Overall, genetic susceptibility for autism spectrum disorders was not related to these brain regions suggesting that other factors could be involved in their origin. These results remained significant when excluding children with a diagnosis of ASD, providing support for the extension of the relationship between autistic traits and brain findings into the general population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2576 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450 [article] Brain morphology, autistic traits, and polygenic risk for autism: A population-based neuroimaging study [texte imprimé] / Silvia ALEMANY, Auteur ; Elisabet BLOK, Auteur ; Philip R. JANSEN, Auteur ; Ryan L. MUETZEL, Auteur ; Tiffany C. WHITE, Auteur . - p.2085-2099. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-10 (October 2021) . - p.2085-2099 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnostic imaging/genetics  Autistic Disorder/diagnostic imaging/genetics  Brain/diagnostic imaging  Child  Humans  Magnetic Resonance Imaging  Neuroimaging  autism  cortical thickness  genetics  gyrification  surface area Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are associated with widespread brain alterations. Previous research in our group linked autistic traits with altered gyrification, but without pronounced differences in cortical thickness. Herein, we aim to replicate and extend these findings using a larger and older sample. Additionally, we examined whether (a) brain correlates of autistic traits were associated with polygenic risk scores (PRS) for ASD, and (b) autistic traits are related with brain morphological changes over time in a subset of children with longitudinal data available. The sample included 2400 children from the Generation R cohort. Autistic traits were measured using the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) at age 6 years. Gyrification, cortical thickness, surface area, and global morphological measures were obtained from high-resolution structural MRI scans at ages 9-to-12 years. We performed multiple linear regression analyses on a vertex-wise level. Corresponding regions of interest were tested for association with PRS. Results showed that autistic traits were related to (a) lower gyrification in the lateral occipital and the superior and inferior parietal lobes, (b) lower cortical thickness in the superior frontal region, and (c) lower surface area in inferior temporal and rostral middle frontal regions. PRS for ASD and longitudinal analyses showed significant associations that did not survive correction for multiple testing. Our findings support stability in the relationship between higher autistic symptoms and lower gyrification and smaller surface areas in school-aged children. These relationships remained when excluding ASD cases, providing neurobiological evidence for the extension of autistic traits into the general population. LAY SUMMARY: We found that school-aged children with higher levels of autistic traits had smaller total brain volume, cerebellum, cortical thickness, and surface area. Further, we also found differences in the folding patterns of the brain (gyrification). Overall, genetic susceptibility for autism spectrum disorders was not related to these brain regions suggesting that other factors could be involved in their origin. These results remained significant when excluding children with a diagnosis of ASD, providing support for the extension of the relationship between autistic traits and brain findings into the general population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2576 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450

Cognitive performance in children and adolescents with psychopathology traits: A cross-sectional multicohort study in the general population / Elisabet BLOK in Development and Psychopathology, 35-2 (May 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 35-2 (May 2023) . - p.926-940 Titre : Cognitive performance in children and adolescents with psychopathology traits: A cross-sectional multicohort study in the general population Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Elisabet BLOK, Auteur ; Isabel K. SCHUURMANS, Auteur ; Anne J. TIJBURG, Auteur ; Manon H.J. HILLEGERS, Auteur ; Maria Elisabeth KOOPMAN-VERHOEFF, Auteur ; Ryan L. MUETZEL, Auteur ; Henning TIEMEIER, Auteur ; Tonya WHITE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.926-940 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adolescence  childhood  cognition  Child Behavior Checklist  psychopathology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Psychopathology and cognitive development are closely related. Assessing the relationship between multiple domains of psychopathology and cognitive performance can elucidate which cognitive tasks are related to specific domains of psychopathology. This can help build theory and improve clinical decision-making in the future. In this study, we included 13,841 children and adolescents drawn from two large population-based samples (Generation R and ABCD studies). We assessed the cross-sectional relationship between three psychopathology domains (internalizing, externalizing, dysregulation profile (DP)) and four cognitive domains (vocabulary, fluid reasoning, working memory, and processing speed) and the full-scale intelligence quotient. Lastly, differential associations between symptoms of psychopathology and cognitive performance by sex were assessed. Results indicated that internalizing symptoms were related to worse performance in working memory and processing speed, but better performance in the verbal domain. Externalizing and DP symptoms were related to poorer global cognitive performance. Notably, those in the DP subgroup had a 5.0 point lower IQ than those without behavioral problems. Cognitive performance was more heavily affected in boys than in girls given comparable levels of psychopathology. Taken together, we provide evidence for globally worse cognitive performance in children and adolescents with externalizing and DP symptoms, with those in the DP subgroup being most heavily affected. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579422000165 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=504 [article] Cognitive performance in children and adolescents with psychopathology traits: A cross-sectional multicohort study in the general population [texte imprimé] / Elisabet BLOK, Auteur ; Isabel K. SCHUURMANS, Auteur ; Anne J. TIJBURG, Auteur ; Manon H.J. HILLEGERS, Auteur ; Maria Elisabeth KOOPMAN-VERHOEFF, Auteur ; Ryan L. MUETZEL, Auteur ; Henning TIEMEIER, Auteur ; Tonya WHITE, Auteur . - p.926-940. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 35-2 (May 2023) . - p.926-940 Mots-clés : adolescence  childhood  cognition  Child Behavior Checklist  psychopathology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Psychopathology and cognitive development are closely related. Assessing the relationship between multiple domains of psychopathology and cognitive performance can elucidate which cognitive tasks are related to specific domains of psychopathology. This can help build theory and improve clinical decision-making in the future. In this study, we included 13,841 children and adolescents drawn from two large population-based samples (Generation R and ABCD studies). We assessed the cross-sectional relationship between three psychopathology domains (internalizing, externalizing, dysregulation profile (DP)) and four cognitive domains (vocabulary, fluid reasoning, working memory, and processing speed) and the full-scale intelligence quotient. Lastly, differential associations between symptoms of psychopathology and cognitive performance by sex were assessed. Results indicated that internalizing symptoms were related to worse performance in working memory and processing speed, but better performance in the verbal domain. Externalizing and DP symptoms were related to poorer global cognitive performance. Notably, those in the DP subgroup had a 5.0 point lower IQ than those without behavioral problems. Cognitive performance was more heavily affected in boys than in girls given comparable levels of psychopathology. Taken together, we provide evidence for globally worse cognitive performance in children and adolescents with externalizing and DP symptoms, with those in the DP subgroup being most heavily affected. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579422000165 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=504

The longitudinal bidirectional relationship between autistic traits and brain morphology from childhood to adolescence: a population-based cohort study / Melisa DURKUT in Molecular Autism, 13 (2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 13 (2022) . - 31 p. Titre : The longitudinal bidirectional relationship between autistic traits and brain morphology from childhood to adolescence: a population-based cohort study Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Melisa DURKUT, Auteur ; Elisabet BLOK, Auteur ; Anna SULERI, Auteur ; Tonya WHITE, Auteur Article en page(s) : 31 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent  Autistic Disorder/complications/diagnostic imaging  Brain/diagnostic imaging  Child  Cohort Studies  Cross-Sectional Studies  Humans  Longitudinal Studies  Autism spectrum disorder  Child/adolescent psychiatry  Development  Neurodevelopmental disorders  Neuroimaging Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : OBJECTIVE: Autistic traits are associated with alterations in brain morphology. However, the anatomic location of these differences and their developmental trajectories are unclear. The primary objective of this longitudinal study was to explore the bidirectional relationship between autistic traits and brain morphology from childhood to adolescence. METHOD: Participants were drawn from a population-based cohort. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses included 1950 (mean age 13.5) and 304 participants (mean ages 6.2 and 13.5), respectively. Autistic traits were measured with the Social Responsiveness Scale. Global brain measures and surface-based measures of gyrification, cortical thickness and surface area were obtained from T(1)-weighted MRI scans. Cross-sectional associations were assessed using linear regression analyses. Cross-lagged panel models were used to determine the longitudinal bidirectional relationship between autistic traits and brain morphology. RESULTS: Cross-sectionally, higher levels of autistic traits in adolescents are associated with lower gyrification in the pars opercularis, insula and superior temporal cortex; smaller surface area in the middle temporal and postcentral cortex; larger cortical thickness in the superior frontal cortex; and smaller cerebellum cortex volume. Longitudinally, both autistic traits and brain measures were quite stable, with neither brain measures predicting changes in autistic traits, nor vice-versa. LIMITATIONS: Autistic traits were assessed at only two time points, and thus we could not distinguish within- versus between-person effects. Furthermore, two different MRI scanners were used between baseline and follow-up for imaging data acquisition. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings point to early changes in brain morphology in children with autistic symptoms that remain quite stable over time. The observed relationship did not change substantially after excluding children with high levels of autistic traits, bolstering the evidence for the extension of the neurobiology of autistic traits to the general population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-022-00504-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=491 [article] The longitudinal bidirectional relationship between autistic traits and brain morphology from childhood to adolescence: a population-based cohort study [texte imprimé] / Melisa DURKUT, Auteur ; Elisabet BLOK, Auteur ; Anna SULERI, Auteur ; Tonya WHITE, Auteur . - 31 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 13 (2022) . - 31 p. Mots-clés : Adolescent  Autistic Disorder/complications/diagnostic imaging  Brain/diagnostic imaging  Child  Cohort Studies  Cross-Sectional Studies  Humans  Longitudinal Studies  Autism spectrum disorder  Child/adolescent psychiatry  Development  Neurodevelopmental disorders  Neuroimaging Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : OBJECTIVE: Autistic traits are associated with alterations in brain morphology. However, the anatomic location of these differences and their developmental trajectories are unclear. The primary objective of this longitudinal study was to explore the bidirectional relationship between autistic traits and brain morphology from childhood to adolescence. METHOD: Participants were drawn from a population-based cohort. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses included 1950 (mean age 13.5) and 304 participants (mean ages 6.2 and 13.5), respectively. Autistic traits were measured with the Social Responsiveness Scale. Global brain measures and surface-based measures of gyrification, cortical thickness and surface area were obtained from T(1)-weighted MRI scans. Cross-sectional associations were assessed using linear regression analyses. Cross-lagged panel models were used to determine the longitudinal bidirectional relationship between autistic traits and brain morphology. RESULTS: Cross-sectionally, higher levels of autistic traits in adolescents are associated with lower gyrification in the pars opercularis, insula and superior temporal cortex; smaller surface area in the middle temporal and postcentral cortex; larger cortical thickness in the superior frontal cortex; and smaller cerebellum cortex volume. Longitudinally, both autistic traits and brain measures were quite stable, with neither brain measures predicting changes in autistic traits, nor vice-versa. LIMITATIONS: Autistic traits were assessed at only two time points, and thus we could not distinguish within- versus between-person effects. Furthermore, two different MRI scanners were used between baseline and follow-up for imaging data acquisition. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings point to early changes in brain morphology in children with autistic symptoms that remain quite stable over time. The observed relationship did not change substantially after excluding children with high levels of autistic traits, bolstering the evidence for the extension of the neurobiology of autistic traits to the general population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-022-00504-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=491

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