Camouflaging in autism: A cause or a consequence of mental health difficulties? / Audrey J.J. MOL ; Tulsi A. RADHOE ; Carolien TORENVLIET ; Joost A. AGELINK VAN RENTERGEM ; Annabeth P. GROENMAN ; Hilde M. GEURTS in Autism, 29-10 (October 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 29-10 (October 2025) . - p.2604-2617 Titre : Camouflaging in autism: A cause or a consequence of mental health difficulties? Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Audrey J.J. MOL, Auteur ; Tulsi A. RADHOE, Auteur ; Carolien TORENVLIET, Auteur ; Joost A. AGELINK VAN RENTERGEM, Auteur ; Annabeth P. GROENMAN, Auteur ; Hilde M. GEURTS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2604-2617 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  camouflaging  mental health difficulties Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Camouflaging ([un]consciously hiding one?s autism traits) is hypothesized to be an underlying mechanism explaining elevated levels of mental health difficulties in autistic adults. As previous studies investigating this relationship were all cross-sectional, the direction of this association remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated whether (1) camouflaging predicts a change in mental health difficulties and (2) mental health difficulties predict a change in camouflaging. For this, 332 autistic adults aged 30 to 84 years (157 women) filled in the Dutch Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire, Symptom Checklist-90 Revised, and Autism Spectrum Quotient at two timepoints with an average time interval of 2 years. Preregistered multilevel analyses showed a negative interaction between initial camouflaging and time, indicating that people with higher initial levels of camouflaging showed a decrease in mental health difficulties, while for lower initial levels of camouflaging there was an increase. However, this effect was small. Initial mental health difficulties did not predict changes in camouflaging behavior, but findings were inconsistent across total camouflaging and assimilation. Thus, we did not find strong evidence for camouflaging to be associated with development of mental health difficulties. However, future research is needed before we can draw strong conclusions about directionality and causality.Plain Language Summary When autistic people use strategies to hide their autism traits, we refer to this as camouflaging. It has been thought that camouflaging could be a reason why autistic people develop mental health difficulties more often than non-autistic people. Research has shown that, in general, people who report more camouflaging behavior also report more mental health difficulties. However, we do not know whether camouflaging can be a reason for people to develop mental health difficulties or whether mental health difficulties may explain why autistic people use camouflaging strategies. Therefore, in this study we investigated whether (1) camouflaging is a predictor for a change in mental health difficulties and (2) mental health difficulties are a predictor for a change in camouflaging. For this study, 332 autistic adults aged 30 to 84 years (157 women) filled in questionnaires about camouflaging, mental health difficulties, and autism traits at two moments with an average of 2 years between measurements. We found that people with a higher level of initial camouflaging showed a decrease in mental health difficulties, while for people with lower levels of initial camouflaging behavior there was an increase in mental health difficulties. However, this effect was small. Initial mental health difficulties did not seem to predict a change in camouflaging behavior. Thus, we did not find evidence that camouflaging was followed by an increase in mental health difficulties. Therefore, future research is needed before we can draw strong conclusions about what comes first and what causes what, camouflaging or mental health. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251347104 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=567 [article] Camouflaging in autism: A cause or a consequence of mental health difficulties? [texte imprimé] / Audrey J.J. MOL, Auteur ; Tulsi A. RADHOE, Auteur ; Carolien TORENVLIET, Auteur ; Joost A. AGELINK VAN RENTERGEM, Auteur ; Annabeth P. GROENMAN, Auteur ; Hilde M. GEURTS, Auteur . - p.2604-2617. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 29-10 (October 2025) . - p.2604-2617 Mots-clés : autism  camouflaging  mental health difficulties Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Camouflaging ([un]consciously hiding one?s autism traits) is hypothesized to be an underlying mechanism explaining elevated levels of mental health difficulties in autistic adults. As previous studies investigating this relationship were all cross-sectional, the direction of this association remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated whether (1) camouflaging predicts a change in mental health difficulties and (2) mental health difficulties predict a change in camouflaging. For this, 332 autistic adults aged 30 to 84 years (157 women) filled in the Dutch Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire, Symptom Checklist-90 Revised, and Autism Spectrum Quotient at two timepoints with an average time interval of 2 years. Preregistered multilevel analyses showed a negative interaction between initial camouflaging and time, indicating that people with higher initial levels of camouflaging showed a decrease in mental health difficulties, while for lower initial levels of camouflaging there was an increase. However, this effect was small. Initial mental health difficulties did not predict changes in camouflaging behavior, but findings were inconsistent across total camouflaging and assimilation. Thus, we did not find strong evidence for camouflaging to be associated with development of mental health difficulties. However, future research is needed before we can draw strong conclusions about directionality and causality.Plain Language Summary When autistic people use strategies to hide their autism traits, we refer to this as camouflaging. It has been thought that camouflaging could be a reason why autistic people develop mental health difficulties more often than non-autistic people. Research has shown that, in general, people who report more camouflaging behavior also report more mental health difficulties. However, we do not know whether camouflaging can be a reason for people to develop mental health difficulties or whether mental health difficulties may explain why autistic people use camouflaging strategies. Therefore, in this study we investigated whether (1) camouflaging is a predictor for a change in mental health difficulties and (2) mental health difficulties are a predictor for a change in camouflaging. For this study, 332 autistic adults aged 30 to 84 years (157 women) filled in questionnaires about camouflaging, mental health difficulties, and autism traits at two moments with an average of 2 years between measurements. We found that people with a higher level of initial camouflaging showed a decrease in mental health difficulties, while for people with lower levels of initial camouflaging behavior there was an increase in mental health difficulties. However, this effect was small. Initial mental health difficulties did not seem to predict a change in camouflaging behavior. Thus, we did not find evidence that camouflaging was followed by an increase in mental health difficulties. Therefore, future research is needed before we can draw strong conclusions about what comes first and what causes what, camouflaging or mental health. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251347104 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=567

Emotion recognition and alexithymia in high functioning females with autism spectrum disorder / Mieke P. KETELAARS in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 21 (January 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 21 (January 2016) . - p.51-60 Titre : Emotion recognition and alexithymia in high functioning females with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Mieke P. KETELAARS, Auteur ; Anne IN’T VELT, Auteur ; Audrey J.J. MOL, Auteur ; Hanna SWAAB, Auteur ; Sophie VAN RIJN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.51-60 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Adult females  High-functioning  Emotion recognition  Alexithymia Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although there is a wealth of information on the emotion recognition skills of males with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), not much is known about these skills in women with ASD. This study investigates the relation between alexithymia and emotion recognition in this group. 31 high-functioning females with ASD and 28 age matched typical females performed a vocal and visual emotion recognition task and completed an alexithymia questionnaire. Level of intensity of the presented emotions was manipulated in the visual emotion recognition task between 25% (low intensity) and 100% (full emotion intensity) in 25% increments. There was no evidence of impairments in the accuracy of visual or vocal emotion recognition. Both groups were equally affected by level of intensity. Level of alexithymia was higher in women with ASD in the cognitive domain. Within the ASD group, women with high levels of alexithymia attained lower scores on visual emotion recognition in the lowest intensity condition, suggesting that being able to identify one's own emotions may help in processing subtle emotions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2015.09.006 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=274 [article] Emotion recognition and alexithymia in high functioning females with autism spectrum disorder [texte imprimé] / Mieke P. KETELAARS, Auteur ; Anne IN’T VELT, Auteur ; Audrey J.J. MOL, Auteur ; Hanna SWAAB, Auteur ; Sophie VAN RIJN, Auteur . - p.51-60. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 21 (January 2016) . - p.51-60 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Adult females  High-functioning  Emotion recognition  Alexithymia Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although there is a wealth of information on the emotion recognition skills of males with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), not much is known about these skills in women with ASD. This study investigates the relation between alexithymia and emotion recognition in this group. 31 high-functioning females with ASD and 28 age matched typical females performed a vocal and visual emotion recognition task and completed an alexithymia questionnaire. Level of intensity of the presented emotions was manipulated in the visual emotion recognition task between 25% (low intensity) and 100% (full emotion intensity) in 25% increments. There was no evidence of impairments in the accuracy of visual or vocal emotion recognition. Both groups were equally affected by level of intensity. Level of alexithymia was higher in women with ASD in the cognitive domain. Within the ASD group, women with high levels of alexithymia attained lower scores on visual emotion recognition in the lowest intensity condition, suggesting that being able to identify one's own emotions may help in processing subtle emotions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2015.09.006 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=274

How to measure camouflaging? A conceptual replication of the validation of the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire in Dutch adults / Wikke J. VAN DER PUTTEN in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 100 (February 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 100 (February 2023) . - 102072 Titre : How to measure camouflaging? A conceptual replication of the validation of the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire in Dutch adults Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Wikke J. VAN DER PUTTEN, Auteur ; Joost A. AGELINK VAN RENTERGEM, Auteur ; Tulsi A. RADHOE, Auteur ; Carolien TORENVLIET, Auteur ; Annabeth P. GROENMAN, Auteur ; Audrey J.J. MOL, Auteur ; Hilde M. GEURTS, Auteur Article en page(s) : 102072 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Camouflaging  Autism  Sex differences  Psychometric properties  Discrepancy approach Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Camouflaging behavior is often defined as using strategies to hide autistic characteristics. In this study, we investigated how to measure camouflaging behavior by performing a conceptual replication of the original study of the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire (CAT-Q) and testing whether the self-reported camouflaging behavior is measuring the same construct as the second most used manner to measure camouflaging behavior, the discrepancy method. Method In total, 674 individuals (356 autistic) aged 30 “92 years, filled out the Dutch translation of the CAT-Q (CAT-Q-NL) and the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ). In 90 autistic adults the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-2) was administered. We executed preregistered analyses (AsPredicted #37800) to investigate the factor structure, measurement invariance, internal consistency, convergent validity and group differences. Results Our analyses showed that the original three-factor structure had an acceptable fit and internal consistency ranged from sufficient to good. However, there was no measurement invariance between autistic and non-autistic individuals and correlations between CAT-Q-NL-scores and the discrepancy between AQ and ADOS-2 varied between low to mediocre (r = 0.04 to.28). Conclusions The CAT-Q-NL can be used to measure camouflaging between and within autistic adults, but not between autistic and non-autistic adults and its convergent validity is limited. Despite these caveats, the CAT-Q-NL can serve as a useful addition to the clinical assessment toolbox because gaining insight in the level of camouflaging of autistic adults may help provide better mental health care. However, more research is needed into how to optimally measure the camouflaging construct. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2022.102072 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=491 [article] How to measure camouflaging? A conceptual replication of the validation of the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire in Dutch adults [texte imprimé] / Wikke J. VAN DER PUTTEN, Auteur ; Joost A. AGELINK VAN RENTERGEM, Auteur ; Tulsi A. RADHOE, Auteur ; Carolien TORENVLIET, Auteur ; Annabeth P. GROENMAN, Auteur ; Audrey J.J. MOL, Auteur ; Hilde M. GEURTS, Auteur . - 102072. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 100 (February 2023) . - 102072 Mots-clés : Camouflaging  Autism  Sex differences  Psychometric properties  Discrepancy approach Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Camouflaging behavior is often defined as using strategies to hide autistic characteristics. In this study, we investigated how to measure camouflaging behavior by performing a conceptual replication of the original study of the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire (CAT-Q) and testing whether the self-reported camouflaging behavior is measuring the same construct as the second most used manner to measure camouflaging behavior, the discrepancy method. Method In total, 674 individuals (356 autistic) aged 30 “92 years, filled out the Dutch translation of the CAT-Q (CAT-Q-NL) and the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ). In 90 autistic adults the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-2) was administered. We executed preregistered analyses (AsPredicted #37800) to investigate the factor structure, measurement invariance, internal consistency, convergent validity and group differences. Results Our analyses showed that the original three-factor structure had an acceptable fit and internal consistency ranged from sufficient to good. However, there was no measurement invariance between autistic and non-autistic individuals and correlations between CAT-Q-NL-scores and the discrepancy between AQ and ADOS-2 varied between low to mediocre (r = 0.04 to.28). Conclusions The CAT-Q-NL can be used to measure camouflaging between and within autistic adults, but not between autistic and non-autistic adults and its convergent validity is limited. Despite these caveats, the CAT-Q-NL can serve as a useful addition to the clinical assessment toolbox because gaining insight in the level of camouflaging of autistic adults may help provide better mental health care. However, more research is needed into how to optimally measure the camouflaging construct. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2022.102072 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=491

Is camouflaging unique for autism? A comparison of camouflaging between adults with autism and ADHD / Wikke J. VAN DER PUTTEN in Autism Research, 17-4 (April 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 17-4 (April 2024) . - p.812-823 Titre : Is camouflaging unique for autism? A comparison of camouflaging between adults with autism and ADHD Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Wikke J. VAN DER PUTTEN, Auteur ; Audrey J.J. MOL, Auteur ; Annabeth P. GROENMAN, Auteur ; Tulsi A. RADHOE, Auteur ; Carolien TORENVLIET, Auteur ; Joost A. AGELINK VAN RENTERGEM, Auteur ; Hilde M. GEURTS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.812-823 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Camouflaging (using (un)conscious strategies to appear as non-autistic) is thought to be an important reason for late autism diagnoses and mental health difficulties. However, it is unclear whether only autistic people camouflage or whether people with other neurodevelopmental or mental health conditions also use similar camouflaging strategies. Therefore, in this preregistered study (AsPredicted: #41811) study, we investigated if adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity-disorder (ADHD) also camouflage. Adults aged 30-90 years filled in the Dutch Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire (CAT-Q-NL), the ADHD Self-Report (ADHD-SR) and the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ). We investigated differences in camouflaging between adults with ADHD, autism, and a comparison group in an age and sex-matched subsample (N = 105 per group). We explored if autism and ADHD traits explained camouflaging levels in adults with an autism and/or ADHD diagnosis (N = 477). Adults with ADHD scored higher on total camouflaging and assimilation subscale compared to the comparison group. However, adults with ADHD scored lower on total camouflaging, and subscales compensation and assimilation than autistic adults. Autism traits, but not ADHD traits, were a significant predictor of camouflaging, independent of diagnosis. Thus, camouflaging does not seem to be unique to autistic adults, since adults with ADHD also show camouflaging behavior, even though not as much as autistic adults. However, as the CAT-Q-NL specifically measures camouflaging of autistic traits it is important to develop more general measures of camouflaging, to compare camouflaging more reliably in people with different mental health conditions. Furthermore, focusing on camouflaging in adults with ADHD, including potential consequences for late diagnoses and mental health seems a promising future research avenue. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3099 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=526 [article] Is camouflaging unique for autism? A comparison of camouflaging between adults with autism and ADHD [texte imprimé] / Wikke J. VAN DER PUTTEN, Auteur ; Audrey J.J. MOL, Auteur ; Annabeth P. GROENMAN, Auteur ; Tulsi A. RADHOE, Auteur ; Carolien TORENVLIET, Auteur ; Joost A. AGELINK VAN RENTERGEM, Auteur ; Hilde M. GEURTS, Auteur . - p.812-823. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 17-4 (April 2024) . - p.812-823 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Camouflaging (using (un)conscious strategies to appear as non-autistic) is thought to be an important reason for late autism diagnoses and mental health difficulties. However, it is unclear whether only autistic people camouflage or whether people with other neurodevelopmental or mental health conditions also use similar camouflaging strategies. Therefore, in this preregistered study (AsPredicted: #41811) study, we investigated if adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity-disorder (ADHD) also camouflage. Adults aged 30-90 years filled in the Dutch Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire (CAT-Q-NL), the ADHD Self-Report (ADHD-SR) and the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ). We investigated differences in camouflaging between adults with ADHD, autism, and a comparison group in an age and sex-matched subsample (N = 105 per group). We explored if autism and ADHD traits explained camouflaging levels in adults with an autism and/or ADHD diagnosis (N = 477). Adults with ADHD scored higher on total camouflaging and assimilation subscale compared to the comparison group. However, adults with ADHD scored lower on total camouflaging, and subscales compensation and assimilation than autistic adults. Autism traits, but not ADHD traits, were a significant predictor of camouflaging, independent of diagnosis. Thus, camouflaging does not seem to be unique to autistic adults, since adults with ADHD also show camouflaging behavior, even though not as much as autistic adults. However, as the CAT-Q-NL specifically measures camouflaging of autistic traits it is important to develop more general measures of camouflaging, to compare camouflaging more reliably in people with different mental health conditions. Furthermore, focusing on camouflaging in adults with ADHD, including potential consequences for late diagnoses and mental health seems a promising future research avenue. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3099 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=526

The relationship between camouflaging and mental health: Are there differences among subgroups in autistic adults? / Wikke J. VAN DER PUTTEN in Autism, 28-4 (April 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-4 (April 2024) . - p.908-919 Titre : The relationship between camouflaging and mental health: Are there differences among subgroups in autistic adults? Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Wikke J. VAN DER PUTTEN, Auteur ; Audrey J.J. MOL, Auteur ; Tulsi A. RADHOE, Auteur ; Carolien TORENVLIET, Auteur ; Joost A. AGELINK VAN RENTERGEM, Auteur ; Annabeth P. GROENMAN, Auteur ; Hilde M. GEURTS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.908-919 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : camouflaging,heterogeneity,mental health,psychiatric problems,subgroups Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Camouflaging is hypothesized to play an important role in developing mental health difficulties. But this might not be true for everyone. It remains unclear for whom camouflaging is associated with mental health. In this preregistered study (AsPredicted #45095), we investigated whether (1) camouflaging and mental health were associated and (2) we could detect subgroups with a different association between camouflaging and mental health. For this study, 352 autistic adults aged 30-84 years filled in, among others, the Dutch Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire to measure camouflaging and the Symptom Checklist-90 Revised to measure mental health difficulties. We found a moderate correlation between camouflaging and mental health difficulties (r = 0.45). However, there was only a strong association between camouflaging and mental health in a small subgroup, while the association was small in most autistic adults. For varying levels of negative affect and (to a lesser extent) autism traits, the association between camouflaging and mental health differed, but not for biological sex, age, or educational level. Thus, while one should be careful with group-based conclusions regarding the (negative) impact of camouflaging, camouflaging can be important to consider in clinical practice, especially for people with a substantial level of negative affect. Lay abstract When autistic people use strategies to hide their autistic characteristics, we call this camouflaging. Autistic adults suggested that camouflaging can result in mental health difficulties. That is, people who report to camouflage also report mental health difficulties. However, since there are many differences between autistic people, this relationship may also differ between subgroups. Therefore, in this study we investigated whether camouflaging and mental health difficulties are related and whether this relationship is equal for all autistic adults. For this study, 352 autistic adults aged 30-84 years filled in the Dutch Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire to measure camouflaging and the Symptom Checklist-90 Revised to measure mental health difficulties. We found that camouflaging was moderately related to mental health difficulties. This means that people who report more camouflaging also report more mental health difficulties. When we looked closer, we found that this relationship was strong for only a small subgroup of autistic adults. In most other autistic adults, there was a small or no relationship between camouflaging and mental health difficulties. Therefore, it is important that clinicians are aware of camouflaging and its possible relationship with mental health difficulties, but that they do not generalize the negative consequences to everyone. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231185402 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=525 [article] The relationship between camouflaging and mental health: Are there differences among subgroups in autistic adults? [texte imprimé] / Wikke J. VAN DER PUTTEN, Auteur ; Audrey J.J. MOL, Auteur ; Tulsi A. RADHOE, Auteur ; Carolien TORENVLIET, Auteur ; Joost A. AGELINK VAN RENTERGEM, Auteur ; Annabeth P. GROENMAN, Auteur ; Hilde M. GEURTS, Auteur . - p.908-919. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-4 (April 2024) . - p.908-919 Mots-clés : camouflaging,heterogeneity,mental health,psychiatric problems,subgroups Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Camouflaging is hypothesized to play an important role in developing mental health difficulties. But this might not be true for everyone. It remains unclear for whom camouflaging is associated with mental health. In this preregistered study (AsPredicted #45095), we investigated whether (1) camouflaging and mental health were associated and (2) we could detect subgroups with a different association between camouflaging and mental health. For this study, 352 autistic adults aged 30-84 years filled in, among others, the Dutch Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire to measure camouflaging and the Symptom Checklist-90 Revised to measure mental health difficulties. We found a moderate correlation between camouflaging and mental health difficulties (r = 0.45). However, there was only a strong association between camouflaging and mental health in a small subgroup, while the association was small in most autistic adults. For varying levels of negative affect and (to a lesser extent) autism traits, the association between camouflaging and mental health differed, but not for biological sex, age, or educational level. Thus, while one should be careful with group-based conclusions regarding the (negative) impact of camouflaging, camouflaging can be important to consider in clinical practice, especially for people with a substantial level of negative affect. Lay abstract When autistic people use strategies to hide their autistic characteristics, we call this camouflaging. Autistic adults suggested that camouflaging can result in mental health difficulties. That is, people who report to camouflage also report mental health difficulties. However, since there are many differences between autistic people, this relationship may also differ between subgroups. Therefore, in this study we investigated whether camouflaging and mental health difficulties are related and whether this relationship is equal for all autistic adults. For this study, 352 autistic adults aged 30-84 years filled in the Dutch Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire to measure camouflaging and the Symptom Checklist-90 Revised to measure mental health difficulties. We found that camouflaging was moderately related to mental health difficulties. This means that people who report more camouflaging also report more mental health difficulties. When we looked closer, we found that this relationship was strong for only a small subgroup of autistic adults. In most other autistic adults, there was a small or no relationship between camouflaging and mental health difficulties. Therefore, it is important that clinicians are aware of camouflaging and its possible relationship with mental health difficulties, but that they do not generalize the negative consequences to everyone. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231185402 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=525

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