Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders / Kate JOHNSTON in Autism Research, 6-4 (August 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-4 (August 2013) . - p.225-236 Titre : Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kate JOHNSTON, Auteur ; Antonia DITTNER, Auteur ; Jessica BRAMHAM, Auteur ; Clodagh M. MURPHY, Auteur ; Anya KNIGHT, Auteur ; Ailsa RUSSELL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.225-236 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)  attention  adults  neuropsychology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Features of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and impairments on neuropsychological, tests of attention have been documented in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). To date, there has been a lack of research comparing attention in adults with ASD and adults with ADHD. In study 1, 31 adults with ASD and average intellectual function completed self-report measures of ADHD symptoms. These were compared with self-report measures of ADHD symptoms in 38 adults with ADHD and 29 general population controls. In study 2, 28 adults with a diagnosis of ASD were compared with an age- and intelligence quotient-matched sample of 28 adults with ADHD across a range of measures of attention. Study 1 showed that 36.7% of adults with ASD met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-IV criteria for current ADHD “caseness” (Barkley Current self-report scores questionnaire). Those with a diagnosis of pervasive developmental disorder—not otherwise specified were most likely to describe ADHD symptoms. The ASD group differed significantly from both the ADHD and control groups on total and individual symptom self-report scores. On neuropsychological testing, adults with ASD and ADHD showed comparable performance on tests of selective attention. Significant group differences were seen on measures of attentional switching; adults with ADHD were significantly faster and more inaccurate, and individuals with Asperger's syndrome showed a significantly slower and more accurate response style. Self-reported rates of ADHD among adults with ASD are significantly higher than in the general adult population and may be underdiagnosed. Adults with ASD have attentional difficulties on some neuropsychological measures. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1283 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=212 [article] Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kate JOHNSTON, Auteur ; Antonia DITTNER, Auteur ; Jessica BRAMHAM, Auteur ; Clodagh M. MURPHY, Auteur ; Anya KNIGHT, Auteur ; Ailsa RUSSELL, Auteur . - p.225-236. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-4 (August 2013) . - p.225-236 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)  attention  adults  neuropsychology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Features of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and impairments on neuropsychological, tests of attention have been documented in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). To date, there has been a lack of research comparing attention in adults with ASD and adults with ADHD. In study 1, 31 adults with ASD and average intellectual function completed self-report measures of ADHD symptoms. These were compared with self-report measures of ADHD symptoms in 38 adults with ADHD and 29 general population controls. In study 2, 28 adults with a diagnosis of ASD were compared with an age- and intelligence quotient-matched sample of 28 adults with ADHD across a range of measures of attention. Study 1 showed that 36.7% of adults with ASD met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-IV criteria for current ADHD “caseness” (Barkley Current self-report scores questionnaire). Those with a diagnosis of pervasive developmental disorder—not otherwise specified were most likely to describe ADHD symptoms. The ASD group differed significantly from both the ADHD and control groups on total and individual symptom self-report scores. On neuropsychological testing, adults with ASD and ADHD showed comparable performance on tests of selective attention. Significant group differences were seen on measures of attentional switching; adults with ADHD were significantly faster and more inaccurate, and individuals with Asperger's syndrome showed a significantly slower and more accurate response style. Self-reported rates of ADHD among adults with ASD are significantly higher than in the general adult population and may be underdiagnosed. Adults with ASD have attentional difficulties on some neuropsychological measures. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1283 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=212

Autism disclosure ? The decisions autistic adults make / Armita FARSINEJAD in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 93 (May 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 93 (May 2022) . - 101936 Titre : Autism disclosure ? The decisions autistic adults make Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Armita FARSINEJAD, Auteur ; Ailsa RUSSELL, Auteur ; Catherine BUTLER, Auteur Article en page(s) : 101936 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Disclosure  Stigmatised identities  Social identity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Autistic people face dilemmas regarding whether to disclose their autism due to the potential negative consequences. While there have been studies examining the issue of disclosure, a small but growing number have specifically investigated how autistic adults make decisions to disclose. The aim of the study was to understand the perspective of autistic adults about the decisions behind disclosure. Methods This cross-sectional mixed methods study recruited 30 autistic adults who completed an online survey. The online survey included free response text spaces to answer questions about disclosure. An inductive approach using thematic analysis was used for the analyses of the survey responses. Participants also completed two self report measures about how strongly they identify with an autism identity and how positively they view this identity. Results Themes of informed judgement and raising awareness appeared central to how decisions were made to disclose Autism. Participants did not strongly identify with the diagnostic label, nor did they feel particularly negative towards the label. Conclusion Misconceptions and stigma about autism can inhibit individuals from disclosing and can contribute to poorer mental health. Thus, educating the public is vital to reduce negative misconceptions of autism to not only better understand Autism but to help raise awareness so that autism can be discussed without fear of stigmatisation. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2022.101936 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=475 [article] Autism disclosure ? The decisions autistic adults make [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Armita FARSINEJAD, Auteur ; Ailsa RUSSELL, Auteur ; Catherine BUTLER, Auteur . - 101936. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 93 (May 2022) . - 101936 Mots-clés : Autism  Disclosure  Stigmatised identities  Social identity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Autistic people face dilemmas regarding whether to disclose their autism due to the potential negative consequences. While there have been studies examining the issue of disclosure, a small but growing number have specifically investigated how autistic adults make decisions to disclose. The aim of the study was to understand the perspective of autistic adults about the decisions behind disclosure. Methods This cross-sectional mixed methods study recruited 30 autistic adults who completed an online survey. The online survey included free response text spaces to answer questions about disclosure. An inductive approach using thematic analysis was used for the analyses of the survey responses. Participants also completed two self report measures about how strongly they identify with an autism identity and how positively they view this identity. Results Themes of informed judgement and raising awareness appeared central to how decisions were made to disclose Autism. Participants did not strongly identify with the diagnostic label, nor did they feel particularly negative towards the label. Conclusion Misconceptions and stigma about autism can inhibit individuals from disclosing and can contribute to poorer mental health. Thus, educating the public is vital to reduce negative misconceptions of autism to not only better understand Autism but to help raise awareness so that autism can be discussed without fear of stigmatisation. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2022.101936 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=475

'Autism is the Arena and OCD is the Lion': Autistic adults' experiences of co-occurring obsessive-compulsive disorder and repetitive restricted behaviours and interests / Hannah LONG in Autism, 28-11 (November 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-11 (November 2024) . - p.2897 - 2908 Titre : 'Autism is the Arena and OCD is the Lion': Autistic adults' experiences of co-occurring obsessive-compulsive disorder and repetitive restricted behaviours and interests Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Hannah LONG, Auteur ; Kate COOPER, Auteur ; Ailsa RUSSELL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2897 - 2908 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  obsessive-compulsive disorder  repetitive behaviours and interests Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Obsessive-compulsive disorder commonly co-occurs with autism. Research characterising the interplay between restricted, repetitive behaviours, activities and interests related to autism and obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms has used theory-driven, bottom-up methodology. This study aimed to interview autistic adults about the subjective experience of differentiating between these phenomena. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 autistic adults experiencing obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms and repetitive behaviours, activities and interest. Transcripts were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis from a critical-realist, inductive orientation. Three overarching themes are presented. Participants viewed repetitive behaviours, activities and interest as intrinsic to their identity, while obsessive-compulsive disorder remained ego-dystonic and a perpetuator of anxiety. Conversely, repetitive behaviours, activities and interest was present across various emotions, often serving as a method to manage anxiety. Routinised behaviours and focused interests were considered by participants to be vulnerable to obsessive-compulsive disorder exploitation. Although participants reported masking both phenomena, the methods and motivations to mask differed. This research demonstrates the importance of delineating these experiences, with suggestions offered in how to explore this with autistic clients. Future research could explore narratives of masking obsessive-compulsive disorder across autistic and non-autistic people and investigate simultaneous co-occurrence of obsessive-compulsive disorder and repetitive behaviours, activities and interest; including how focused interests may influence obsessive-compulsive disorder and how repetitive routines may be intensified by obsessive-compulsive disorder. Lay Abstract Repetitive behaviours and interests are a hallmark feature of autism. It is very common for autistic people to experience mental health difficulties, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder. Previous research has investigated similarities and differences between obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms and repetitive behaviours in autism through questionnaires and observation studies. This is the first study to interview autistic adults about their personal experiences of differentiating between obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms and repetitive behaviours related to autism. We interviewed 15 autistic adults who experience obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms. We recorded these interviews and carefully analysed these to find themes. We found some differences between repetitive behaviours and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Participants said repetitive behaviours are part of who they are and what they want to be doing, whereas obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms conflicted with how they view themselves. Obsessive-compulsive disorder was said to cause negative emotions, while participants said they experience lots of different emotions when doing repetitive behaviours. A similarity participants reported was trying to stop themselves from doing obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms and repetitive behaviours that other people can see. There was also overlap between obsessive-compulsive disorder and repetitive behaviours. Participants talked about experiences when obsessive-compulsive disorder would take over routines and make them feel more intense and negative. Also, participants' special interests were sometimes connected to the obsessions they experienced. We conclude that clinicians can use these findings to support conversations with autistic clients in differentiating between repetitive behaviours and obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms. We also think that further research investigating how obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms might be hidden by autistic and typically developing people is needed. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241251512 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=537 [article] 'Autism is the Arena and OCD is the Lion': Autistic adults' experiences of co-occurring obsessive-compulsive disorder and repetitive restricted behaviours and interests [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Hannah LONG, Auteur ; Kate COOPER, Auteur ; Ailsa RUSSELL, Auteur . - p.2897 - 2908. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-11 (November 2024) . - p.2897 - 2908 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  obsessive-compulsive disorder  repetitive behaviours and interests Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Obsessive-compulsive disorder commonly co-occurs with autism. Research characterising the interplay between restricted, repetitive behaviours, activities and interests related to autism and obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms has used theory-driven, bottom-up methodology. This study aimed to interview autistic adults about the subjective experience of differentiating between these phenomena. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 autistic adults experiencing obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms and repetitive behaviours, activities and interest. Transcripts were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis from a critical-realist, inductive orientation. Three overarching themes are presented. Participants viewed repetitive behaviours, activities and interest as intrinsic to their identity, while obsessive-compulsive disorder remained ego-dystonic and a perpetuator of anxiety. Conversely, repetitive behaviours, activities and interest was present across various emotions, often serving as a method to manage anxiety. Routinised behaviours and focused interests were considered by participants to be vulnerable to obsessive-compulsive disorder exploitation. Although participants reported masking both phenomena, the methods and motivations to mask differed. This research demonstrates the importance of delineating these experiences, with suggestions offered in how to explore this with autistic clients. Future research could explore narratives of masking obsessive-compulsive disorder across autistic and non-autistic people and investigate simultaneous co-occurrence of obsessive-compulsive disorder and repetitive behaviours, activities and interest; including how focused interests may influence obsessive-compulsive disorder and how repetitive routines may be intensified by obsessive-compulsive disorder. Lay Abstract Repetitive behaviours and interests are a hallmark feature of autism. It is very common for autistic people to experience mental health difficulties, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder. Previous research has investigated similarities and differences between obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms and repetitive behaviours in autism through questionnaires and observation studies. This is the first study to interview autistic adults about their personal experiences of differentiating between obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms and repetitive behaviours related to autism. We interviewed 15 autistic adults who experience obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms. We recorded these interviews and carefully analysed these to find themes. We found some differences between repetitive behaviours and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Participants said repetitive behaviours are part of who they are and what they want to be doing, whereas obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms conflicted with how they view themselves. Obsessive-compulsive disorder was said to cause negative emotions, while participants said they experience lots of different emotions when doing repetitive behaviours. A similarity participants reported was trying to stop themselves from doing obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms and repetitive behaviours that other people can see. There was also overlap between obsessive-compulsive disorder and repetitive behaviours. Participants talked about experiences when obsessive-compulsive disorder would take over routines and make them feel more intense and negative. Also, participants' special interests were sometimes connected to the obsessions they experienced. We conclude that clinicians can use these findings to support conversations with autistic clients in differentiating between repetitive behaviours and obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms. We also think that further research investigating how obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms might be hidden by autistic and typically developing people is needed. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241251512 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=537

Autistic adults' inclination to lie in everyday situations / Ralph BAGNALL in Autism, 28-3 (March 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-3 (March 2024) . - p.718-731 Titre : Autistic adults' inclination to lie in everyday situations Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ralph BAGNALL, Auteur ; Ailsa RUSSELL, Auteur ; Mark BROSNAN, Auteur ; Katie MARAS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.718-731 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  deception  memory  social cognition and social behaviour  theory of mind Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic children and adolescents often have greater difficulty engaging in deception than their non-autistic peers. However, deception in autistic adulthood has received little attention to date. This study examined whether autistic and non-autistic adults differed in their inclination to lie in everyday situations and the factors that underpin this. Forty-one autistic and 41 non-autistic participants completed self-report measures relating to their inclination to lie, ability to lie and moral attitudes about the acceptability of lying. Participants also undertook a reaction-time test of lie-telling, as well as theory of mind and working memory measures. Autistic and non-autistic adults did not significantly differ in their inclination to lie in everyday situations. The degree to which lying was viewed as morally acceptable positively predicted both groups' inclination to lie. The remaining factors underpinning the inclination to lie differed between groups. Lower self-rated lying ability and slower lie speed predicted a reduced inclination to lie in autistic participants, whereas higher theory of mind and working memory capacity predicted a reduced inclination to lie in the non-autistic group. Implications for our understanding of deception in autistic and non-autistic adults are discussed. Lay abstract Differences in social communication and understanding others' mental states may mean that autistic adults are less likely to deceive others than non-autistic individuals. We investigated whether autistic and non-autistic adults differ in their inclination to lie and which psychological factors are involved in the inclination to lie. We found that autistic and non-autistic groups reported a similar inclination to lie, and the extent to which participants viewed lying as acceptable helped to explain their inclination to deceive others. However, the other underlying psychological factors associated with deception inclination differed between autistic and non-autistic groups. Autistic adults' belief about their ability to lie and also how quickly they could lie helped to explain whether they were more or less inclined to lie. For non-autistic adults, their memory and ability to understand others' mental states helped to explain their lie inclination. We discuss these findings and recommend areas for future research. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231183911 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=523 [article] Autistic adults' inclination to lie in everyday situations [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ralph BAGNALL, Auteur ; Ailsa RUSSELL, Auteur ; Mark BROSNAN, Auteur ; Katie MARAS, Auteur . - p.718-731. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-3 (March 2024) . - p.718-731 Mots-clés : autism  deception  memory  social cognition and social behaviour  theory of mind Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic children and adolescents often have greater difficulty engaging in deception than their non-autistic peers. However, deception in autistic adulthood has received little attention to date. This study examined whether autistic and non-autistic adults differed in their inclination to lie in everyday situations and the factors that underpin this. Forty-one autistic and 41 non-autistic participants completed self-report measures relating to their inclination to lie, ability to lie and moral attitudes about the acceptability of lying. Participants also undertook a reaction-time test of lie-telling, as well as theory of mind and working memory measures. Autistic and non-autistic adults did not significantly differ in their inclination to lie in everyday situations. The degree to which lying was viewed as morally acceptable positively predicted both groups' inclination to lie. The remaining factors underpinning the inclination to lie differed between groups. Lower self-rated lying ability and slower lie speed predicted a reduced inclination to lie in autistic participants, whereas higher theory of mind and working memory capacity predicted a reduced inclination to lie in the non-autistic group. Implications for our understanding of deception in autistic and non-autistic adults are discussed. Lay abstract Differences in social communication and understanding others' mental states may mean that autistic adults are less likely to deceive others than non-autistic individuals. We investigated whether autistic and non-autistic adults differ in their inclination to lie and which psychological factors are involved in the inclination to lie. We found that autistic and non-autistic groups reported a similar inclination to lie, and the extent to which participants viewed lying as acceptable helped to explain their inclination to deceive others. However, the other underlying psychological factors associated with deception inclination differed between autistic and non-autistic groups. Autistic adults' belief about their ability to lie and also how quickly they could lie helped to explain whether they were more or less inclined to lie. For non-autistic adults, their memory and ability to understand others' mental states helped to explain their lie inclination. We discuss these findings and recommend areas for future research. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231183911 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=523

Book review: New Developments in Autism: the future is today edited by Juan Martos Perez, Pedro M Gonzalez, Maria Llorente Comi and Carmen Nieto. London: Jessica Kingsley, 2007. ISBN 9781843104490 / Ailsa RUSSELL in Autism, 13-1 (January 2009)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 13-1 (January 2009) . - p.117-118 Titre : Book review: New Developments in Autism: the future is today edited by Juan Martos Perez, Pedro M Gonzalez, Maria Llorente Comi and Carmen Nieto. London: Jessica Kingsley, 2007. ISBN 9781843104490 Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ailsa RUSSELL, Auteur Année de publication : 2009 Article en page(s) : p.117-118 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361308101712 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=698 [article] Book review: New Developments in Autism: the future is today edited by Juan Martos Perez, Pedro M Gonzalez, Maria Llorente Comi and Carmen Nieto. London: Jessica Kingsley, 2007. ISBN 9781843104490 [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ailsa RUSSELL, Auteur . - 2009 . - p.117-118. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 13-1 (January 2009) . - p.117-118 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361308101712 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=698

Cognitive processes in autism: Repetitive thinking in autistic versus non-autistic adults / Kate COOPER in Autism, 26-4 (May 2022)  

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Differences in anxieties and social networks in a group-matched sample of autistic and typically developing students transitioning to university / Jiedi LEI in Autism, 24-5 (July 2020)  

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Evaluating the Role of Autistic Traits, Social Anxiety, and Social Network Changes During Transition to First Year of University in Typically Developing Students and Students on the Autism Spectrum / Jiedi LEI in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50-8 (August 2020)  

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Evaluation of a Transition to University Programme for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder / Jiedi LEI in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50-7 (July 2020)  

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Examining the relationship between cognitive inflexibility and internalizing and externalizing symptoms in autistic children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis / Jiedi LEI in Autism Research, 15-12 (December 2022)  

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Executive functioning differences between adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autistic spectrum disorder in initiation, planning and strategy formation / Jessica BRAMHAM in Autism, 13-3 (May 2009)  

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Exploring the association between social camouflaging and self- versus caregiver-report discrepancies in anxiety and depressive symptoms in autistic and non-autistic socially anxious adolescents / Jiedi LEI in Autism, 28-10 (October 2024)  

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Healthcare clinician perspectives on the intersection of autism and gender dysphoria / Kate COOPER in Autism, 27-1 (January 2023)  

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I Have a Fear of Negative Evaluation, Get Me Out of Here! Examining Latent Constructs of Social Anxiety and Autistic Traits in Neurotypical and Autistic Young People / Jiedi LEI in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51-5 (May 2021)  

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Insistence on sameness, repetitive negative thinking and mental health in autistic and non-autistic adults / Kate COOPER ; Ailsa RUSSELL in Autism, 29-2 (February 2025)  

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