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Auteur Patricia HOWLIN |
Documents disponibles écrits par cet auteur (92)
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Cognitive and language skills in adults with autism: a 40-year follow-up / Patricia HOWLIN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-1 (January 2014)
[article]
Titre : Cognitive and language skills in adults with autism: a 40-year follow-up Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Patricia HOWLIN, Auteur ; Sarah SAVAGE, Auteur ; Philippa MOSS, Auteur ; Althea TEMPIER, Auteur ; Michael RUTTER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.49-58 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders adulthood Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background It is well established that very few individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and an IQ below 70 are able to live independently as adults. However, even amongst children with an IQ in the normal range, outcome is very variable. Childhood factors that predict later stability, improvement or decline in cognitive functioning remain uncertain and, in particular, very little is known about trajectories in later adulthood. Method Changes in cognitive and language ability from childhood to adulthood were assessed in 60 individuals with autism, all of whom had an IQ in the average range as children. Mean age in childhood = 6 years (range 2–13 years); mean age in adulthood = 44 years (range 29–64 years). Trajectories of change and factors related to current cognitive abilities were explored. Results For the majority of participants (N = 45, 75%), who were testable both as children and adults, IQ remained very stable and language also improved over time. However, 15 individuals could not be assessed on standard tests as adults and their developmental level could be estimated only on the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. Almost all these adults (apart from one who had suffered a major stroke) showed severe aggressive or self-injurious behaviours; none had ever developed language above a 3-year level, and seven had developed epilepsy. Conclusions For most individuals with autism who had an IQ in the average range (i.e. ?70) as children, childhood IQ proved a reliable predictor of cognitive functioning well into mid- to- later adulthood. However, a significant minority was no longer testable on standard tests as adults. Their current very low levels of functional ability were generally associated with severe behavioural disturbance and persisting and severe language impairment; 50% of these individuals had also developed epilepsy, pointing to the role of organic brain dysfunction. Implications for early intervention are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12115 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=220
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-1 (January 2014) . - p.49-58[article] Cognitive and language skills in adults with autism: a 40-year follow-up [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Patricia HOWLIN, Auteur ; Sarah SAVAGE, Auteur ; Philippa MOSS, Auteur ; Althea TEMPIER, Auteur ; Michael RUTTER, Auteur . - p.49-58.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-1 (January 2014) . - p.49-58
Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders adulthood Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background It is well established that very few individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and an IQ below 70 are able to live independently as adults. However, even amongst children with an IQ in the normal range, outcome is very variable. Childhood factors that predict later stability, improvement or decline in cognitive functioning remain uncertain and, in particular, very little is known about trajectories in later adulthood. Method Changes in cognitive and language ability from childhood to adulthood were assessed in 60 individuals with autism, all of whom had an IQ in the average range as children. Mean age in childhood = 6 years (range 2–13 years); mean age in adulthood = 44 years (range 29–64 years). Trajectories of change and factors related to current cognitive abilities were explored. Results For the majority of participants (N = 45, 75%), who were testable both as children and adults, IQ remained very stable and language also improved over time. However, 15 individuals could not be assessed on standard tests as adults and their developmental level could be estimated only on the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. Almost all these adults (apart from one who had suffered a major stroke) showed severe aggressive or self-injurious behaviours; none had ever developed language above a 3-year level, and seven had developed epilepsy. Conclusions For most individuals with autism who had an IQ in the average range (i.e. ?70) as children, childhood IQ proved a reliable predictor of cognitive functioning well into mid- to- later adulthood. However, a significant minority was no longer testable on standard tests as adults. Their current very low levels of functional ability were generally associated with severe behavioural disturbance and persisting and severe language impairment; 50% of these individuals had also developed epilepsy, pointing to the role of organic brain dysfunction. Implications for early intervention are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12115 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=220 Conference Report: 9th Scientific Meeting of the International Society for Research in Child and Adolescent Psychopathology (ICRCAP), Barcelona, 17-20 June 1999 / Patricia HOWLIN in Autism, 3-4 (December 1999)
[article]
Titre : Conference Report: 9th Scientific Meeting of the International Society for Research in Child and Adolescent Psychopathology (ICRCAP), Barcelona, 17-20 June 1999 Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Patricia HOWLIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.435-436 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361399003004009 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=208
in Autism > 3-4 (December 1999) . - p.435-436[article] Conference Report: 9th Scientific Meeting of the International Society for Research in Child and Adolescent Psychopathology (ICRCAP), Barcelona, 17-20 June 1999 [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Patricia HOWLIN, Auteur . - p.435-436.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism > 3-4 (December 1999) . - p.435-436
Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361399003004009 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=208
[article]
Titre : Conference Reports Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jacqui Ashton SMITH, Auteur ; Rita JORDAN, Auteur ; Patricia HOWLIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.239-244 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361397012013 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=207
in Autism > 1-2 (November 1997) . - p.239-244[article] Conference Reports [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jacqui Ashton SMITH, Auteur ; Rita JORDAN, Auteur ; Patricia HOWLIN, Auteur . - p.239-244.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism > 1-2 (November 1997) . - p.239-244
Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361397012013 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=207 Continuity and change in loneliness and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study of autistic and non-autistic adults / Anke M. SCHEEREN in Autism Research, 15-9 (September 2022)
[article]
Titre : Continuity and change in loneliness and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study of autistic and non-autistic adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Anke M. SCHEEREN, Auteur ; Patricia HOWLIN, Auteur ; Liz PELLICANO, Auteur ; Iliana MAGIATI, Auteur ; Sander BEGEER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1621-1635 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult Autism Spectrum Disorder Autistic Disorder/epidemiology COVID-19/epidemiology Communicable Disease Control Humans Loneliness/psychology Longitudinal Studies Pandemics Covid-19 adults autism loneliness stress wellbeing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous studies have suggested that autistic adults may be negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and its associated restrictions. In this study, we examined continuity and change in loneliness and stress, and their predictors, in 448 autistic and 70 non-autistic adults living in the Netherlands. Autistic participants were assessed on three occasions using the de Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale and Perceived Stress Scale (pre-lockdown (T0), first lockdown (T1), and second lockdown (T2)); non-autistic participants were assessed twice (T1 and T2). Autistic adults' loneliness and stress levels remained stable across all three time points over 8months, but were consistently higher than those of non-autistic adults. Other predictors of higher loneliness and stress levels at the first lockdown (T1) included low perceived social support and high levels of COVID-19 related worries. Although loneliness and stress were stable at the group level, the wellbeing of some autistic adults worsened over the course of the pandemic, while others improved. For instance, adults with a mental health diagnosis (other than autism) prior to the pandemic were more likely to increase in stress over time, whereas adults with higher perceived social support were more likely to decrease in stress over time (from T1 to T2). Factors contributing to variability in outcome require further examination. Moreover, the relatively high loneliness and stress levels in autistic adults call for attention from clinicians and service providers. LAY SUMMARY: In our study, autistic adults reported feeling more lonely and stressed than non-autistic adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. People who missed support from their social network also felt more lonely and stressed. On average, people did not change substantially in their degree of loneliness or stress over time. Yet, we noted large person-to-person differences in the wellbeing of autistic adults during the pandemic. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2787 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=483
in Autism Research > 15-9 (September 2022) . - p.1621-1635[article] Continuity and change in loneliness and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study of autistic and non-autistic adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Anke M. SCHEEREN, Auteur ; Patricia HOWLIN, Auteur ; Liz PELLICANO, Auteur ; Iliana MAGIATI, Auteur ; Sander BEGEER, Auteur . - p.1621-1635.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 15-9 (September 2022) . - p.1621-1635
Mots-clés : Adult Autism Spectrum Disorder Autistic Disorder/epidemiology COVID-19/epidemiology Communicable Disease Control Humans Loneliness/psychology Longitudinal Studies Pandemics Covid-19 adults autism loneliness stress wellbeing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous studies have suggested that autistic adults may be negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and its associated restrictions. In this study, we examined continuity and change in loneliness and stress, and their predictors, in 448 autistic and 70 non-autistic adults living in the Netherlands. Autistic participants were assessed on three occasions using the de Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale and Perceived Stress Scale (pre-lockdown (T0), first lockdown (T1), and second lockdown (T2)); non-autistic participants were assessed twice (T1 and T2). Autistic adults' loneliness and stress levels remained stable across all three time points over 8months, but were consistently higher than those of non-autistic adults. Other predictors of higher loneliness and stress levels at the first lockdown (T1) included low perceived social support and high levels of COVID-19 related worries. Although loneliness and stress were stable at the group level, the wellbeing of some autistic adults worsened over the course of the pandemic, while others improved. For instance, adults with a mental health diagnosis (other than autism) prior to the pandemic were more likely to increase in stress over time, whereas adults with higher perceived social support were more likely to decrease in stress over time (from T1 to T2). Factors contributing to variability in outcome require further examination. Moreover, the relatively high loneliness and stress levels in autistic adults call for attention from clinicians and service providers. LAY SUMMARY: In our study, autistic adults reported feeling more lonely and stressed than non-autistic adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. People who missed support from their social network also felt more lonely and stressed. On average, people did not change substantially in their degree of loneliness or stress over time. Yet, we noted large person-to-person differences in the wellbeing of autistic adults during the pandemic. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2787 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=483 Development of autobiographical memory in children with autism spectrum disorders: Deficits, gains, and predictors of performance / Lorna GODDARD in Development and Psychopathology, 26-1 (February 2014)
[article]
Titre : Development of autobiographical memory in children with autism spectrum disorders: Deficits, gains, and predictors of performance Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lorna GODDARD, Auteur ; Barbara DRITSCHEL, Auteur ; Sally ROBINSON, Auteur ; Patricia HOWLIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.215-228 Langues : Français (fre) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autobiographical memory (AM) was assessed in 63 children (aged 8–17 years) with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and compared with 63 typically developing children matched for age, gender, IQ, and verbal ability. A range of methodologies was employed for eliciting past experience with particular focus on the ability to recall (a) specific events, (b) the recent and remote past, and (c) semantic versus episodic memories across different lifetime periods. Results indicated that the ASD group manifested difficulties in retrieving specific memories to word cues and had poorer access to the remote past. Deficits were found in the context of intact recent memory and preserved general memory abilities, with some impairment of visual memory. Problems in retrieving episodic and semantic AMs across the life span were also evident. Qualitative analysis of memory reports suggested that the ASD group was less likely to refer to emotion in their remote memories but more likely to describe emotions in their recent memories. Important predictors of AM performance in the ASD group were central executive abilities, in particular cognitive flexibility and verbal fluency. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579413000904 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=224
in Development and Psychopathology > 26-1 (February 2014) . - p.215-228[article] Development of autobiographical memory in children with autism spectrum disorders: Deficits, gains, and predictors of performance [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lorna GODDARD, Auteur ; Barbara DRITSCHEL, Auteur ; Sally ROBINSON, Auteur ; Patricia HOWLIN, Auteur . - p.215-228.
Langues : Français (fre)
in Development and Psychopathology > 26-1 (February 2014) . - p.215-228
Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autobiographical memory (AM) was assessed in 63 children (aged 8–17 years) with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and compared with 63 typically developing children matched for age, gender, IQ, and verbal ability. A range of methodologies was employed for eliciting past experience with particular focus on the ability to recall (a) specific events, (b) the recent and remote past, and (c) semantic versus episodic memories across different lifetime periods. Results indicated that the ASD group manifested difficulties in retrieving specific memories to word cues and had poorer access to the remote past. Deficits were found in the context of intact recent memory and preserved general memory abilities, with some impairment of visual memory. Problems in retrieving episodic and semantic AMs across the life span were also evident. Qualitative analysis of memory reports suggested that the ASD group was less likely to refer to emotion in their remote memories but more likely to describe emotions in their recent memories. Important predictors of AM performance in the ASD group were central executive abilities, in particular cognitive flexibility and verbal fluency. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579413000904 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=224 Development of a College Transition and Support Program for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder / Susan W. WHITE in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47-10 (October 2017)
PermalinkDiagnosis in Autism: A Survey of Over 1200 Patients in the UK / Patricia HOWLIN in Autism, 1-2 (November 1997)
PermalinkDual Cognitive and Biological Correlates of Anxiety in Autism Spectrum Disorders / Matthew J. HOLLOCKS in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46-10 (October 2016)
PermalinkDysfunctional Attitudes and Perfectionism and Their Relationship to Anxious and Depressive Symptoms in Boys with Autism Spectrum Disorders / Rebecca GREENAWAY in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40-10 (October 2010)
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