5 recherche sur le mot-clé 'Africa'

Autism spectrum disorder in sub-saharan africa: A comprehensive scoping review / Lauren FRANZ in Autism Research, 10-5 (May 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-5 (May 2017) . - p.723-749 Titre : Autism spectrum disorder in sub-saharan africa: A comprehensive scoping review Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lauren FRANZ, Auteur ; Nola J. CHAMBERS, Auteur ; Megan VON ISENBURG, Auteur ; Petrus J. DE VRIES, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.723-749 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  autism spectrum disorder  low- and middle-income countries  LMIC  low resource environments  Africa Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is recognized as a global public health concern, yet almost everything we know about ASD comes from high-income countries. Here we performed a scoping review of all research on ASD ever published in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) in order to identify ASD knowledge gaps in this part of the world. Fifty-three publications met inclusion criteria. Themes included the phenotype, genetics and risk factors for ASD in SSA, screening and diagnosis, professional knowledge, interventions for ASD, parental perceptions, and social-cognitive neuroscience. No epidemiological, early intervention, school-based or adult studies were identified. For each identified theme, we aimed to summarize results and make recommendations to fill the knowledge gaps. The quality of study methodologies was generally not high. Few studies used standardized diagnostic instruments, and intervention studies were typically small-scale. Overall, findings suggest a substantial need for large-scale clinical, training, and research programmes to improve the lives of people who live with ASD in SSA. However, SSA also has the potential to make unique and globally-significant contributions to the etiology and treatments of ASD through implementation, interventional, and comparative genomic science. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1766 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=307 [article] Autism spectrum disorder in sub-saharan africa: A comprehensive scoping review [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lauren FRANZ, Auteur ; Nola J. CHAMBERS, Auteur ; Megan VON ISENBURG, Auteur ; Petrus J. DE VRIES, Auteur . - p.723-749. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-5 (May 2017) . - p.723-749 Mots-clés : autism  autism spectrum disorder  low- and middle-income countries  LMIC  low resource environments  Africa Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is recognized as a global public health concern, yet almost everything we know about ASD comes from high-income countries. Here we performed a scoping review of all research on ASD ever published in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) in order to identify ASD knowledge gaps in this part of the world. Fifty-three publications met inclusion criteria. Themes included the phenotype, genetics and risk factors for ASD in SSA, screening and diagnosis, professional knowledge, interventions for ASD, parental perceptions, and social-cognitive neuroscience. No epidemiological, early intervention, school-based or adult studies were identified. For each identified theme, we aimed to summarize results and make recommendations to fill the knowledge gaps. The quality of study methodologies was generally not high. Few studies used standardized diagnostic instruments, and intervention studies were typically small-scale. Overall, findings suggest a substantial need for large-scale clinical, training, and research programmes to improve the lives of people who live with ASD in SSA. However, SSA also has the potential to make unique and globally-significant contributions to the etiology and treatments of ASD through implementation, interventional, and comparative genomic science. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1766 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=307

Ethiopian community health workers' beliefs and attitudes towards children with autism: Impact of a brief training intervention / D. TILAHUN in Autism, 23-1 (January 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 23-1 (January 2019) . - p.39-49 Titre : Ethiopian community health workers' beliefs and attitudes towards children with autism: Impact of a brief training intervention Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : D. TILAHUN, Auteur ; A. FEKADU, Auteur ; B. TEKOLA, Auteur ; M. ARAYA, Auteur ; I. ROTH, Auteur ; B. DAVEY, Auteur ; C. HANLON, Auteur ; R. A. HOEKSTRA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.39-49 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : attitude  autism spectrum disorder  community health workers  developing  countries  developmental disabilities  Ethiopia  stigma  mental-health  low-income  illness  disorders  africa  guangzhou  knowledge  people  staff  Psychology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There is a severe shortage of services for children with autism in Ethiopia; access to services is further impeded by negative beliefs and stigmatising attitudes towards affected children and their families. To increase access to services, care provision is decentralised through task-shifted care by community health extension workers. This study aimed to examine the impact of a brief training (Health Education and Training; HEAT) for Ethiopian rural health extension workers and comprised three groups: (1) health extension workers who completed a basic mental health training module (HEAT group, N = 104); (2) health extension workers who received enhanced training, comprising basic HEAT as well as video-based training on developmental disorders and a mental health pocket guide (HEAT+ group, N = 97); and (3) health extension workers untrained in mental health (N = 108). All participants completed a questionnaire assessing beliefs and social distance towards children with autism. Both the HEAT and HEAT+ group showed fewer negative beliefs and decreased social distance towards children with autism compared to the untrained health extension worker group, with the HEAT+ group outperforming the HEAT group. However, HEAT+ trained health extension workers were less likely to have positive expectations about children with autism than untrained health extension workers. These findings have relevance for task-sharing and scale up of autism services in low-resource settings worldwide. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361317730298 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=379 [article] Ethiopian community health workers' beliefs and attitudes towards children with autism: Impact of a brief training intervention [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / D. TILAHUN, Auteur ; A. FEKADU, Auteur ; B. TEKOLA, Auteur ; M. ARAYA, Auteur ; I. ROTH, Auteur ; B. DAVEY, Auteur ; C. HANLON, Auteur ; R. A. HOEKSTRA, Auteur . - p.39-49. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 23-1 (January 2019) . - p.39-49 Mots-clés : attitude  autism spectrum disorder  community health workers  developing  countries  developmental disabilities  Ethiopia  stigma  mental-health  low-income  illness  disorders  africa  guangzhou  knowledge  people  staff  Psychology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There is a severe shortage of services for children with autism in Ethiopia; access to services is further impeded by negative beliefs and stigmatising attitudes towards affected children and their families. To increase access to services, care provision is decentralised through task-shifted care by community health extension workers. This study aimed to examine the impact of a brief training (Health Education and Training; HEAT) for Ethiopian rural health extension workers and comprised three groups: (1) health extension workers who completed a basic mental health training module (HEAT group, N = 104); (2) health extension workers who received enhanced training, comprising basic HEAT as well as video-based training on developmental disorders and a mental health pocket guide (HEAT+ group, N = 97); and (3) health extension workers untrained in mental health (N = 108). All participants completed a questionnaire assessing beliefs and social distance towards children with autism. Both the HEAT and HEAT+ group showed fewer negative beliefs and decreased social distance towards children with autism compared to the untrained health extension worker group, with the HEAT+ group outperforming the HEAT group. However, HEAT+ trained health extension workers were less likely to have positive expectations about children with autism than untrained health extension workers. These findings have relevance for task-sharing and scale up of autism services in low-resource settings worldwide. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361317730298 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=379

Is there a need for a focused health care service for children with autistic spectrum disorders? A keyhole look at this problem in Tripoli, Libya / Adel M. ZEGLAM in Autism, 16-4 (July 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 16-4 (July 2012) . - p.337-339 Titre : Is there a need for a focused health care service for children with autistic spectrum disorders? A keyhole look at this problem in Tripoli, Libya Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Adel M. ZEGLAM, Auteur ; Ameena MAOUNA, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.337-339 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Tripoli  Libya  Arab countries  Africa  behavior Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Autism is a global disorder, but relatively little is known about its presentation and occurrence in many developing countries, including Libya.AimsTo estimate the prevalence of autistic spectrum disorders in children referred to Al-Khadra hospital (KH).To increase the awareness among pediatrician and primary health care providers of the importance of considering autism in children presenting with speech and language disorders.Methods Prospective hospital-based study of all children referred to a neurodevelopment clinic between 2005 and 2009 with the diagnosis of either speech and language difficulties or behavioral difficulties.Results A total of 38,508 children were seen in the pediatric outpatient clinics of KH, Tripoli, between 2005 and 2009. Of these, 180 children were referred to the neurodevelopment clinic with history of delayed speech and language and or behavioral difficulties. A diagnosis of autism was made in 128 children, which gives a prevalence of approximately 1 in 300.Conclusion The prevalence of autism in Libya is probably similar to that seen in the USA and the UK. No data were available for comparison from either Arab or other developing countries. Autism is an important differential diagnosis of any language disorder ‘and behavioral difficulties’. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361310393535 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=178 [article] Is there a need for a focused health care service for children with autistic spectrum disorders? A keyhole look at this problem in Tripoli, Libya [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Adel M. ZEGLAM, Auteur ; Ameena MAOUNA, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.337-339. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 16-4 (July 2012) . - p.337-339 Mots-clés : Tripoli  Libya  Arab countries  Africa  behavior Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Autism is a global disorder, but relatively little is known about its presentation and occurrence in many developing countries, including Libya.AimsTo estimate the prevalence of autistic spectrum disorders in children referred to Al-Khadra hospital (KH).To increase the awareness among pediatrician and primary health care providers of the importance of considering autism in children presenting with speech and language disorders.Methods Prospective hospital-based study of all children referred to a neurodevelopment clinic between 2005 and 2009 with the diagnosis of either speech and language difficulties or behavioral difficulties.Results A total of 38,508 children were seen in the pediatric outpatient clinics of KH, Tripoli, between 2005 and 2009. Of these, 180 children were referred to the neurodevelopment clinic with history of delayed speech and language and or behavioral difficulties. A diagnosis of autism was made in 128 children, which gives a prevalence of approximately 1 in 300.Conclusion The prevalence of autism in Libya is probably similar to that seen in the USA and the UK. No data were available for comparison from either Arab or other developing countries. Autism is an important differential diagnosis of any language disorder ‘and behavioral difficulties’. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361310393535 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=178

Sex differences in age of diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder: Preliminary evidence from Uganda / E. BONNEY in Autism Research, 15-1 (January 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-1 (January 2022) . - p.183-191 Titre : Sex differences in age of diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder: Preliminary evidence from Uganda Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : E. BONNEY, Auteur ; C. ABBO, Auteur ; C. OGARA, Auteur ; M. E. VILLALOBOS, Auteur ; J. T. ELISON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.183-191 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis/epidemiology  Blacks  Child  Child, Preschool  Female  Humans  Male  Retrospective Studies  Sex Characteristics  Uganda/epidemiology  Africa  Uganda  age of diagnosis  autism spectrum disorder  sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study was performed to determine (a) the age at which autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is first diagnosed in Ugandan children receiving mental health services, (b) whether age at diagnosis varies by sex and clinical presentation, and (c) the average age of ASD diagnosis in children manifesting comorbid conditions. A retrospective chart review was performed and demographic as well as clinical data were collected from children with ASD diagnoses who attended two mental health clinics in Uganda between 2014 and 2019. Descriptive statistics such as percentages, means, and standard deviations were used to summarize the data. Independent t-test was also performed to determine differences in the mean age of diagnosis between males and females. Two hundred and thirty-seven (156 males, 81 females) children with ASD were identified. The average age of ASD diagnosis was (6.9?±?4.0)?years. A statistically significant difference in age of ASD diagnosis was found between males and females (t = -2.106, p = 0.036), such that on average females received a diagnosis at least 1?year later than males. Of the 237 participants, 53.6% were identified with ASD only, 16.0% had ASD and ADHD, 10.5% were diagnosed with ASD and epilepsy, and 7.2% had a diagnosis of complex ASD. The results confirm delays in access to ASD diagnosis and suggest that females are more likely to receive a ASD diagnosis later than males within the Ugandan context. ASD awareness should be intensified to improve public or professional knowledge about ASD to enhance early identification in Uganda. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2645 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450 [article] Sex differences in age of diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder: Preliminary evidence from Uganda [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / E. BONNEY, Auteur ; C. ABBO, Auteur ; C. OGARA, Auteur ; M. E. VILLALOBOS, Auteur ; J. T. ELISON, Auteur . - p.183-191. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-1 (January 2022) . - p.183-191 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis/epidemiology  Blacks  Child  Child, Preschool  Female  Humans  Male  Retrospective Studies  Sex Characteristics  Uganda/epidemiology  Africa  Uganda  age of diagnosis  autism spectrum disorder  sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study was performed to determine (a) the age at which autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is first diagnosed in Ugandan children receiving mental health services, (b) whether age at diagnosis varies by sex and clinical presentation, and (c) the average age of ASD diagnosis in children manifesting comorbid conditions. A retrospective chart review was performed and demographic as well as clinical data were collected from children with ASD diagnoses who attended two mental health clinics in Uganda between 2014 and 2019. Descriptive statistics such as percentages, means, and standard deviations were used to summarize the data. Independent t-test was also performed to determine differences in the mean age of diagnosis between males and females. Two hundred and thirty-seven (156 males, 81 females) children with ASD were identified. The average age of ASD diagnosis was (6.9?±?4.0)?years. A statistically significant difference in age of ASD diagnosis was found between males and females (t = -2.106, p = 0.036), such that on average females received a diagnosis at least 1?year later than males. Of the 237 participants, 53.6% were identified with ASD only, 16.0% had ASD and ADHD, 10.5% were diagnosed with ASD and epilepsy, and 7.2% had a diagnosis of complex ASD. The results confirm delays in access to ASD diagnosis and suggest that females are more likely to receive a ASD diagnosis later than males within the Ugandan context. ASD awareness should be intensified to improve public or professional knowledge about ASD to enhance early identification in Uganda. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2645 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450

The Digital Divide in Technologies for Autism: Feasibility Considerations for Low- and Middle-Income Countries / Aubrey J. KUMM in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52-5 (May 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 52-5 (May 2022) . - p.2300-2313 Titre : The Digital Divide in Technologies for Autism: Feasibility Considerations for Low- and Middle-Income Countries Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Aubrey J. KUMM, Auteur ; Marisa VILJOEN, Auteur ; Petrus J. DE VRIES, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2300-2313 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/therapy  Autistic Disorder/therapy  Covid-19  Developing Countries  Digital Divide  Feasibility Studies  Humans  Pandemics  Technology  Africa  Autism spectrum disorder  Digital disparities  Digital technology  India  Low-resource contexts Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Digital technologies have the potential to empower individuals with autism and their families. The COVID-19 pandemic emphasized and accelerated the drive towards technology for information, communication, training, clinical care and research, also in the autism community. However, 95% of individuals with autism live in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) where access to electricity, internet and the ever-increasing range of digital devices may be highly limited. The World Bank coined the term 'the digital divide' to describe the disparities in access to digital technologies between high-income and LMIC contexts. Here we evaluated the feasibility of six emerging technologies for autism spectrum disorders, and reflected on key considerations for implementation in LMIC contexts to ensure that we do not inadvertently widen the pre-existing digital divide. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05084-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=476 [article] The Digital Divide in Technologies for Autism: Feasibility Considerations for Low- and Middle-Income Countries [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Aubrey J. KUMM, Auteur ; Marisa VILJOEN, Auteur ; Petrus J. DE VRIES, Auteur . - p.2300-2313. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 52-5 (May 2022) . - p.2300-2313 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/therapy  Autistic Disorder/therapy  Covid-19  Developing Countries  Digital Divide  Feasibility Studies  Humans  Pandemics  Technology  Africa  Autism spectrum disorder  Digital disparities  Digital technology  India  Low-resource contexts Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Digital technologies have the potential to empower individuals with autism and their families. The COVID-19 pandemic emphasized and accelerated the drive towards technology for information, communication, training, clinical care and research, also in the autism community. However, 95% of individuals with autism live in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) where access to electricity, internet and the ever-increasing range of digital devices may be highly limited. The World Bank coined the term 'the digital divide' to describe the disparities in access to digital technologies between high-income and LMIC contexts. Here we evaluated the feasibility of six emerging technologies for autism spectrum disorders, and reflected on key considerations for implementation in LMIC contexts to ensure that we do not inadvertently widen the pre-existing digital divide. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05084-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=476