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Autism spectrum disorder in sub-saharan africa: A comprehensive scoping review / Lauren FRANZ in Autism Research, 10-5 (May 2017)
[article]
Titre : Autism spectrum disorder in sub-saharan africa: A comprehensive scoping review Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lauren FRANZ, Auteur ; Nola J. CHAMBERS, Auteur ; Megan VON ISENBURG, Auteur ; Petrus J. DE VRIES, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.723-749 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism autism spectrum disorder low- and middle-income countries LMIC low resource environments Africa Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is recognized as a global public health concern, yet almost everything we know about ASD comes from high-income countries. Here we performed a scoping review of all research on ASD ever published in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) in order to identify ASD knowledge gaps in this part of the world. Fifty-three publications met inclusion criteria. Themes included the phenotype, genetics and risk factors for ASD in SSA, screening and diagnosis, professional knowledge, interventions for ASD, parental perceptions, and social-cognitive neuroscience. No epidemiological, early intervention, school-based or adult studies were identified. For each identified theme, we aimed to summarize results and make recommendations to fill the knowledge gaps. The quality of study methodologies was generally not high. Few studies used standardized diagnostic instruments, and intervention studies were typically small-scale. Overall, findings suggest a substantial need for large-scale clinical, training, and research programmes to improve the lives of people who live with ASD in SSA. However, SSA also has the potential to make unique and globally-significant contributions to the etiology and treatments of ASD through implementation, interventional, and comparative genomic science. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1766 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=307
in Autism Research > 10-5 (May 2017) . - p.723-749[article] Autism spectrum disorder in sub-saharan africa: A comprehensive scoping review [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lauren FRANZ, Auteur ; Nola J. CHAMBERS, Auteur ; Megan VON ISENBURG, Auteur ; Petrus J. DE VRIES, Auteur . - p.723-749.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 10-5 (May 2017) . - p.723-749
Mots-clés : autism autism spectrum disorder low- and middle-income countries LMIC low resource environments Africa Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is recognized as a global public health concern, yet almost everything we know about ASD comes from high-income countries. Here we performed a scoping review of all research on ASD ever published in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) in order to identify ASD knowledge gaps in this part of the world. Fifty-three publications met inclusion criteria. Themes included the phenotype, genetics and risk factors for ASD in SSA, screening and diagnosis, professional knowledge, interventions for ASD, parental perceptions, and social-cognitive neuroscience. No epidemiological, early intervention, school-based or adult studies were identified. For each identified theme, we aimed to summarize results and make recommendations to fill the knowledge gaps. The quality of study methodologies was generally not high. Few studies used standardized diagnostic instruments, and intervention studies were typically small-scale. Overall, findings suggest a substantial need for large-scale clinical, training, and research programmes to improve the lives of people who live with ASD in SSA. However, SSA also has the potential to make unique and globally-significant contributions to the etiology and treatments of ASD through implementation, interventional, and comparative genomic science. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1766 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=307 Supporting caregivers of children with developmental disabilities: Findings from a brief caregiver well-being programme in South Africa / Nola CHAMBERS ; David ROSENSTEIN ; Petro ERASMUS ; Petrus J. DE VRIES in Autism, 28-1 (January 2024)
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Titre : Supporting caregivers of children with developmental disabilities: Findings from a brief caregiver well-being programme in South Africa Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Nola CHAMBERS, Auteur ; David ROSENSTEIN, Auteur ; Petro ERASMUS, Auteur ; Petrus J. DE VRIES, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.199?214 Mots-clés : acceptance and commitment therapy Africa caregiver mental health caregiver well-being dissemination and implementation research global mental health low- and middle-income countries Well-Beans for Caregivers World Health Organization Caregiver Skills Tr Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Caring for children with developmental delays or disabilities places significant stress on caregivers, which is often exacerbated in low-resource settings. The World Health Organization developed a caregiver skills training for families of children with developmental delays or disabilities, which includes a three-session caregiver well-being module based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, that aims to help caregivers build psychological flexibility (i.e. the ability to focus on the present moment, make space for difficult thoughts and emotions and commit to value-driven actions that enrich their lives). We investigated whether this brief caregiver well-being programme was feasible, acceptable and contributed to positive outcomes for caregivers in a rural South African town. We adapted the intervention to the local context using a participatory approach. The ?Well-Beans for Caregivers? adaptation of the World Health Organization Caregiver Skills Training Caregiver Wellbeing module was then delivered by trained facilitators to a group of 10 caregivers in three weekly, 2-h sessions. Most caregivers were single and unemployed. Feedback from the facilitators, caregivers and trainee observers was obtained before, during and after the programme. Results suggested that this brief programme shows promise as a feasible and acceptable intervention, which may lead to improved caregiver well-being and mental health in communities in South Africa. Lay abstract Young children with developmental disabilities and delays who live in low- and middle-income countries are at significant risk of not reaching their full potential. We know that daily interactions with their caregivers (parents or other people taking care of them) play an important role in promoting their development. However, having a child with developmental disabilities can have a negative impact on carers? mental health and well-being, which in turn can influence their capacity to care for their children. To date, very little attention has been given to the caregivers? capacity to care. The World Health Organization developed a Caregiver Skills Training programme which includes a brief, three-session module that focuses on improving caregivers? well-being and mental health. This well-being programme is based on acceptance and commitment therapy. Acceptance and commitment therapy shows increasing evidence of helping people respond to their stressors, thoughts, feelings and experiences a little differently and commit to small changes that are in line with their personal values. Acceptance and commitment therapy has shown promise in improving feelings of well-being in caregivers of children with developmental disabilities. We adapted the World Health Organization Caregiver Skills Training Caregiver well-being module to suit the South African context. The resultant ?Well Beans for Caregivers? was then delivered to caregivers from a rural, low-resource setting in South Africa. We found the intervention easy to implement, highly acceptable to caregivers and showed promising impacts on caregivers? well-being and mental health. This intervention has the potential to be implemented widely and sustainably to build caregivers? capacity to care for their children. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221133182 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=519
in Autism > 28-1 (January 2024) . - p.199?214[article] Supporting caregivers of children with developmental disabilities: Findings from a brief caregiver well-being programme in South Africa [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Nola CHAMBERS, Auteur ; David ROSENSTEIN, Auteur ; Petro ERASMUS, Auteur ; Petrus J. DE VRIES, Auteur . - p.199?214.
in Autism > 28-1 (January 2024) . - p.199?214
Mots-clés : acceptance and commitment therapy Africa caregiver mental health caregiver well-being dissemination and implementation research global mental health low- and middle-income countries Well-Beans for Caregivers World Health Organization Caregiver Skills Tr Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Caring for children with developmental delays or disabilities places significant stress on caregivers, which is often exacerbated in low-resource settings. The World Health Organization developed a caregiver skills training for families of children with developmental delays or disabilities, which includes a three-session caregiver well-being module based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, that aims to help caregivers build psychological flexibility (i.e. the ability to focus on the present moment, make space for difficult thoughts and emotions and commit to value-driven actions that enrich their lives). We investigated whether this brief caregiver well-being programme was feasible, acceptable and contributed to positive outcomes for caregivers in a rural South African town. We adapted the intervention to the local context using a participatory approach. The ?Well-Beans for Caregivers? adaptation of the World Health Organization Caregiver Skills Training Caregiver Wellbeing module was then delivered by trained facilitators to a group of 10 caregivers in three weekly, 2-h sessions. Most caregivers were single and unemployed. Feedback from the facilitators, caregivers and trainee observers was obtained before, during and after the programme. Results suggested that this brief programme shows promise as a feasible and acceptable intervention, which may lead to improved caregiver well-being and mental health in communities in South Africa. Lay abstract Young children with developmental disabilities and delays who live in low- and middle-income countries are at significant risk of not reaching their full potential. We know that daily interactions with their caregivers (parents or other people taking care of them) play an important role in promoting their development. However, having a child with developmental disabilities can have a negative impact on carers? mental health and well-being, which in turn can influence their capacity to care for their children. To date, very little attention has been given to the caregivers? capacity to care. The World Health Organization developed a Caregiver Skills Training programme which includes a brief, three-session module that focuses on improving caregivers? well-being and mental health. This well-being programme is based on acceptance and commitment therapy. Acceptance and commitment therapy shows increasing evidence of helping people respond to their stressors, thoughts, feelings and experiences a little differently and commit to small changes that are in line with their personal values. Acceptance and commitment therapy has shown promise in improving feelings of well-being in caregivers of children with developmental disabilities. We adapted the World Health Organization Caregiver Skills Training Caregiver well-being module to suit the South African context. The resultant ?Well Beans for Caregivers? was then delivered to caregivers from a rural, low-resource setting in South Africa. We found the intervention easy to implement, highly acceptable to caregivers and showed promising impacts on caregivers? well-being and mental health. This intervention has the potential to be implemented widely and sustainably to build caregivers? capacity to care for their children. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221133182 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=519 Ethiopian community health workers' beliefs and attitudes towards children with autism: Impact of a brief training intervention / D. TILAHUN in Autism, 23-1 (January 2019)
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Titre : Ethiopian community health workers' beliefs and attitudes towards children with autism: Impact of a brief training intervention Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : D. TILAHUN, Auteur ; A. FEKADU, Auteur ; B. TEKOLA, Auteur ; M. ARAYA, Auteur ; I. ROTH, Auteur ; B. DAVEY, Auteur ; C. HANLON, Auteur ; R. A. HOEKSTRA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.39-49 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : attitude autism spectrum disorder community health workers developing countries developmental disabilities Ethiopia stigma mental-health low-income illness disorders africa guangzhou knowledge people staff Psychology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There is a severe shortage of services for children with autism in Ethiopia; access to services is further impeded by negative beliefs and stigmatising attitudes towards affected children and their families. To increase access to services, care provision is decentralised through task-shifted care by community health extension workers. This study aimed to examine the impact of a brief training (Health Education and Training; HEAT) for Ethiopian rural health extension workers and comprised three groups: (1) health extension workers who completed a basic mental health training module (HEAT group, N = 104); (2) health extension workers who received enhanced training, comprising basic HEAT as well as video-based training on developmental disorders and a mental health pocket guide (HEAT+ group, N = 97); and (3) health extension workers untrained in mental health (N = 108). All participants completed a questionnaire assessing beliefs and social distance towards children with autism. Both the HEAT and HEAT+ group showed fewer negative beliefs and decreased social distance towards children with autism compared to the untrained health extension worker group, with the HEAT+ group outperforming the HEAT group. However, HEAT+ trained health extension workers were less likely to have positive expectations about children with autism than untrained health extension workers. These findings have relevance for task-sharing and scale up of autism services in low-resource settings worldwide. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361317730298 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=379
in Autism > 23-1 (January 2019) . - p.39-49[article] Ethiopian community health workers' beliefs and attitudes towards children with autism: Impact of a brief training intervention [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / D. TILAHUN, Auteur ; A. FEKADU, Auteur ; B. TEKOLA, Auteur ; M. ARAYA, Auteur ; I. ROTH, Auteur ; B. DAVEY, Auteur ; C. HANLON, Auteur ; R. A. HOEKSTRA, Auteur . - p.39-49.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism > 23-1 (January 2019) . - p.39-49
Mots-clés : attitude autism spectrum disorder community health workers developing countries developmental disabilities Ethiopia stigma mental-health low-income illness disorders africa guangzhou knowledge people staff Psychology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There is a severe shortage of services for children with autism in Ethiopia; access to services is further impeded by negative beliefs and stigmatising attitudes towards affected children and their families. To increase access to services, care provision is decentralised through task-shifted care by community health extension workers. This study aimed to examine the impact of a brief training (Health Education and Training; HEAT) for Ethiopian rural health extension workers and comprised three groups: (1) health extension workers who completed a basic mental health training module (HEAT group, N = 104); (2) health extension workers who received enhanced training, comprising basic HEAT as well as video-based training on developmental disorders and a mental health pocket guide (HEAT+ group, N = 97); and (3) health extension workers untrained in mental health (N = 108). All participants completed a questionnaire assessing beliefs and social distance towards children with autism. Both the HEAT and HEAT+ group showed fewer negative beliefs and decreased social distance towards children with autism compared to the untrained health extension worker group, with the HEAT+ group outperforming the HEAT group. However, HEAT+ trained health extension workers were less likely to have positive expectations about children with autism than untrained health extension workers. These findings have relevance for task-sharing and scale up of autism services in low-resource settings worldwide. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361317730298 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=379 Is there a need for a focused health care service for children with autistic spectrum disorders? A keyhole look at this problem in Tripoli, Libya / Adel M. ZEGLAM in Autism, 16-4 (July 2012)
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Titre : Is there a need for a focused health care service for children with autistic spectrum disorders? A keyhole look at this problem in Tripoli, Libya Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Adel M. ZEGLAM, Auteur ; Ameena MAOUNA, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.337-339 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Tripoli Libya Arab countries Africa behavior Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Autism is a global disorder, but relatively little is known about its presentation and occurrence in many developing countries, including Libya.AimsTo estimate the prevalence of autistic spectrum disorders in children referred to Al-Khadra hospital (KH).To increase the awareness among pediatrician and primary health care providers of the importance of considering autism in children presenting with speech and language disorders.Methods Prospective hospital-based study of all children referred to a neurodevelopment clinic between 2005 and 2009 with the diagnosis of either speech and language difficulties or behavioral difficulties.Results A total of 38,508 children were seen in the pediatric outpatient clinics of KH, Tripoli, between 2005 and 2009. Of these, 180 children were referred to the neurodevelopment clinic with history of delayed speech and language and or behavioral difficulties. A diagnosis of autism was made in 128 children, which gives a prevalence of approximately 1 in 300.Conclusion The prevalence of autism in Libya is probably similar to that seen in the USA and the UK. No data were available for comparison from either Arab or other developing countries. Autism is an important differential diagnosis of any language disorder ‘and behavioral difficulties’. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361310393535 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=178
in Autism > 16-4 (July 2012) . - p.337-339[article] Is there a need for a focused health care service for children with autistic spectrum disorders? A keyhole look at this problem in Tripoli, Libya [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Adel M. ZEGLAM, Auteur ; Ameena MAOUNA, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.337-339.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism > 16-4 (July 2012) . - p.337-339
Mots-clés : Tripoli Libya Arab countries Africa behavior Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Autism is a global disorder, but relatively little is known about its presentation and occurrence in many developing countries, including Libya.AimsTo estimate the prevalence of autistic spectrum disorders in children referred to Al-Khadra hospital (KH).To increase the awareness among pediatrician and primary health care providers of the importance of considering autism in children presenting with speech and language disorders.Methods Prospective hospital-based study of all children referred to a neurodevelopment clinic between 2005 and 2009 with the diagnosis of either speech and language difficulties or behavioral difficulties.Results A total of 38,508 children were seen in the pediatric outpatient clinics of KH, Tripoli, between 2005 and 2009. Of these, 180 children were referred to the neurodevelopment clinic with history of delayed speech and language and or behavioral difficulties. A diagnosis of autism was made in 128 children, which gives a prevalence of approximately 1 in 300.Conclusion The prevalence of autism in Libya is probably similar to that seen in the USA and the UK. No data were available for comparison from either Arab or other developing countries. Autism is an important differential diagnosis of any language disorder ‘and behavioral difficulties’. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361310393535 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=178 Sex differences in age of diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder: Preliminary evidence from Uganda / E. BONNEY in Autism Research, 15-1 (January 2022)
[article]
Titre : Sex differences in age of diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder: Preliminary evidence from Uganda Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : E. BONNEY, Auteur ; C. ABBO, Auteur ; C. OGARA, Auteur ; M. E. VILLALOBOS, Auteur ; J. T. ELISON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.183-191 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis/epidemiology Blacks Child Child, Preschool Female Humans Male Retrospective Studies Sex Characteristics Uganda/epidemiology Africa Uganda age of diagnosis autism spectrum disorder sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study was performed to determine (a) the age at which autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is first diagnosed in Ugandan children receiving mental health services, (b) whether age at diagnosis varies by sex and clinical presentation, and (c) the average age of ASD diagnosis in children manifesting comorbid conditions. A retrospective chart review was performed and demographic as well as clinical data were collected from children with ASD diagnoses who attended two mental health clinics in Uganda between 2014 and 2019. Descriptive statistics such as percentages, means, and standard deviations were used to summarize the data. Independent t-test was also performed to determine differences in the mean age of diagnosis between males and females. Two hundred and thirty-seven (156 males, 81 females) children with ASD were identified. The average age of ASD diagnosis was (6.9?±?4.0)?years. A statistically significant difference in age of ASD diagnosis was found between males and females (t = -2.106, p = 0.036), such that on average females received a diagnosis at least 1?year later than males. Of the 237 participants, 53.6% were identified with ASD only, 16.0% had ASD and ADHD, 10.5% were diagnosed with ASD and epilepsy, and 7.2% had a diagnosis of complex ASD. The results confirm delays in access to ASD diagnosis and suggest that females are more likely to receive a ASD diagnosis later than males within the Ugandan context. ASD awareness should be intensified to improve public or professional knowledge about ASD to enhance early identification in Uganda. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2645 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450
in Autism Research > 15-1 (January 2022) . - p.183-191[article] Sex differences in age of diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder: Preliminary evidence from Uganda [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / E. BONNEY, Auteur ; C. ABBO, Auteur ; C. OGARA, Auteur ; M. E. VILLALOBOS, Auteur ; J. T. ELISON, Auteur . - p.183-191.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 15-1 (January 2022) . - p.183-191
Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis/epidemiology Blacks Child Child, Preschool Female Humans Male Retrospective Studies Sex Characteristics Uganda/epidemiology Africa Uganda age of diagnosis autism spectrum disorder sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study was performed to determine (a) the age at which autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is first diagnosed in Ugandan children receiving mental health services, (b) whether age at diagnosis varies by sex and clinical presentation, and (c) the average age of ASD diagnosis in children manifesting comorbid conditions. A retrospective chart review was performed and demographic as well as clinical data were collected from children with ASD diagnoses who attended two mental health clinics in Uganda between 2014 and 2019. Descriptive statistics such as percentages, means, and standard deviations were used to summarize the data. Independent t-test was also performed to determine differences in the mean age of diagnosis between males and females. Two hundred and thirty-seven (156 males, 81 females) children with ASD were identified. The average age of ASD diagnosis was (6.9?±?4.0)?years. A statistically significant difference in age of ASD diagnosis was found between males and females (t = -2.106, p = 0.036), such that on average females received a diagnosis at least 1?year later than males. Of the 237 participants, 53.6% were identified with ASD only, 16.0% had ASD and ADHD, 10.5% were diagnosed with ASD and epilepsy, and 7.2% had a diagnosis of complex ASD. The results confirm delays in access to ASD diagnosis and suggest that females are more likely to receive a ASD diagnosis later than males within the Ugandan context. ASD awareness should be intensified to improve public or professional knowledge about ASD to enhance early identification in Uganda. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2645 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450 The Digital Divide in Technologies for Autism: Feasibility Considerations for Low- and Middle-Income Countries / Aubrey J. KUMM in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52-5 (May 2022)
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