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Early life stress is associated with reduced avoidance of threatening facial expressions / Elizabeth J. KIRKHAM in Development and Psychopathology, 32-3 (August 2020)
[article]
Titre : Early life stress is associated with reduced avoidance of threatening facial expressions Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Elizabeth J. KIRKHAM, Auteur ; Liat LEVITA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1059-1067 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : anger approach avoidance early life stress emotional facial expressions Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Early neglect or maltreatment has been associated with changes in children's processing of emotional facial expressions, including a hypersensitivity to the emotion of anger. This may facilitate the avoidance of danger in a maltreating environment. However, few studies have examined whether experiences of early life stress (ELS) are associated with atypical avoidance responses towards emotional facial expressions, or whether the effects of ELS can be observed in adult participants. The present study therefore examined the effects of ELS on adults' approach-avoidance tendencies towards angry, happy, and neutral facial expressions. Surprisingly, higher levels of ELS were associated with reduced avoidance of angry facial expressions among individuals with no evidence of mental illness. In contrast, there was no evidence of a relationship between ELS and avoidance of angry facial expressions among individuals with experience of mental illness. These novel findings suggest that ELS-related changes in social cognition can be observed years after the ELS itself occurred. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095457941900110x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=429
in Development and Psychopathology > 32-3 (August 2020) . - p.1059-1067[article] Early life stress is associated with reduced avoidance of threatening facial expressions [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Elizabeth J. KIRKHAM, Auteur ; Liat LEVITA, Auteur . - p.1059-1067.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Development and Psychopathology > 32-3 (August 2020) . - p.1059-1067
Mots-clés : anger approach avoidance early life stress emotional facial expressions Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Early neglect or maltreatment has been associated with changes in children's processing of emotional facial expressions, including a hypersensitivity to the emotion of anger. This may facilitate the avoidance of danger in a maltreating environment. However, few studies have examined whether experiences of early life stress (ELS) are associated with atypical avoidance responses towards emotional facial expressions, or whether the effects of ELS can be observed in adult participants. The present study therefore examined the effects of ELS on adults' approach-avoidance tendencies towards angry, happy, and neutral facial expressions. Surprisingly, higher levels of ELS were associated with reduced avoidance of angry facial expressions among individuals with no evidence of mental illness. In contrast, there was no evidence of a relationship between ELS and avoidance of angry facial expressions among individuals with experience of mental illness. These novel findings suggest that ELS-related changes in social cognition can be observed years after the ELS itself occurred. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095457941900110x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=429 Hypervigilance-avoidance in children with anxiety disorders: magnetoencephalographic evidence / Ida WESSING in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58-1 (January 2017)
[article]
Titre : Hypervigilance-avoidance in children with anxiety disorders: magnetoencephalographic evidence Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ida WESSING, Auteur ; Georg ROMER, Auteur ; Markus JUNGHÖFER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.103-112 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Anxiety disorders children threat bias hypervigilance avoidance magnetoencephalography Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background An altered pattern of threat processing is deemed critical for the development of anxiety disorders (AD). According to the hypervigilance-avoidance hypothesis, AD patients show hypervigilance to threat cues at early stages of processing but avoid threat cues at later stages of processing. Consistently, adults with AD show enhanced neurophysiological responses to threat in early time windows and reduced responses to threat in late time windows. The presence of such a hypervigilance-avoidance effect and its underlying neural sources remain to be determined in clinically anxious children. Methods Twenty-three children diagnosed with an AD and 23 healthy control children aged 8–14 years saw faces with angry and neutral expressions while whole-head magnetoencephalography (MEG) was recorded. Neural sources were estimated based on L2-Minimum Norm inverse source modeling and analyzed in early, midlatency, and late time windows. Results In visual cortical regions, early threat processing was relatively enhanced in patients compared to controls, whereas this relation was inverted in a late interval. Consistent with the idea of affective regulation, the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex revealed relatively reduced inhibition of early threat processing but revealed enhanced inhibition at a late interval in patients. Both visual-sensory and prefrontal effects were correlated with individual trait anxiety. Conclusions These results support the hypothesis of early sensory hypervigilance followed by later avoidance of threat in anxiety disordered children, presumably modulated by early reduced and later enhanced prefrontal inhibition. This neuronal hypervigilance-avoidance pattern unfolds gradually with increasing trait anxiety, reflecting a progressively biased allocation of attention to threat. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12617 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-1 (January 2017) . - p.103-112[article] Hypervigilance-avoidance in children with anxiety disorders: magnetoencephalographic evidence [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ida WESSING, Auteur ; Georg ROMER, Auteur ; Markus JUNGHÖFER, Auteur . - p.103-112.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-1 (January 2017) . - p.103-112
Mots-clés : Anxiety disorders children threat bias hypervigilance avoidance magnetoencephalography Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background An altered pattern of threat processing is deemed critical for the development of anxiety disorders (AD). According to the hypervigilance-avoidance hypothesis, AD patients show hypervigilance to threat cues at early stages of processing but avoid threat cues at later stages of processing. Consistently, adults with AD show enhanced neurophysiological responses to threat in early time windows and reduced responses to threat in late time windows. The presence of such a hypervigilance-avoidance effect and its underlying neural sources remain to be determined in clinically anxious children. Methods Twenty-three children diagnosed with an AD and 23 healthy control children aged 8–14 years saw faces with angry and neutral expressions while whole-head magnetoencephalography (MEG) was recorded. Neural sources were estimated based on L2-Minimum Norm inverse source modeling and analyzed in early, midlatency, and late time windows. Results In visual cortical regions, early threat processing was relatively enhanced in patients compared to controls, whereas this relation was inverted in a late interval. Consistent with the idea of affective regulation, the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex revealed relatively reduced inhibition of early threat processing but revealed enhanced inhibition at a late interval in patients. Both visual-sensory and prefrontal effects were correlated with individual trait anxiety. Conclusions These results support the hypothesis of early sensory hypervigilance followed by later avoidance of threat in anxiety disordered children, presumably modulated by early reduced and later enhanced prefrontal inhibition. This neuronal hypervigilance-avoidance pattern unfolds gradually with increasing trait anxiety, reflecting a progressively biased allocation of attention to threat. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12617 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298 Motivational approach and avoidance in autism spectrum disorder: A comparison between real photographs and cartoons / Catarina SILVA in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 17 (September 2015)
[article]
Titre : Motivational approach and avoidance in autism spectrum disorder: A comparison between real photographs and cartoons Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Catarina SILVA, Auteur ; David DA FONSECA, Auteur ; Francisco ESTEVES, Auteur ; Christine DERUELLE, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : p.13-24 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Approach Avoidance Social motivation Emotion Cartoons Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show a lack of motivation to engage in spontaneous social encounters with other human beings. However, the basis for these diminished approach-related social behaviours is still unclear. This study investigated social motivation in ASD using an approach-avoidance task. In particular, we presented a group of ASD and a group of neurotypical adolescents with a series of emotionally positive, negative, and neutral visual stimuli, comprised of real photographs and cartoons – a stimulus with incentive salience for individuals with ASD. Participants were asked to either push or pull a joystick in response to an emotionally independent feature of the stimuli (colour frame). Following the main task, participants also rated the stimuli for affective valence and arousal. Results showed a dissociation in motivational responses towards positive stimuli for the ASD group only: faster avoidance from positive real photographs, but greater approach to positive cartoons, while no differences were found between emotionally negative or neutral stimuli. By contrast, no differences between the groups were found for the self-reported affective ratings. In light of the social motivation hypothesis, these atypical motivational responses suggest a deficit in assigning reward to socio-emotional stimuli in adolescents with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2015.05.004 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=263
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 17 (September 2015) . - p.13-24[article] Motivational approach and avoidance in autism spectrum disorder: A comparison between real photographs and cartoons [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Catarina SILVA, Auteur ; David DA FONSECA, Auteur ; Francisco ESTEVES, Auteur ; Christine DERUELLE, Auteur . - 2015 . - p.13-24.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 17 (September 2015) . - p.13-24
Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Approach Avoidance Social motivation Emotion Cartoons Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show a lack of motivation to engage in spontaneous social encounters with other human beings. However, the basis for these diminished approach-related social behaviours is still unclear. This study investigated social motivation in ASD using an approach-avoidance task. In particular, we presented a group of ASD and a group of neurotypical adolescents with a series of emotionally positive, negative, and neutral visual stimuli, comprised of real photographs and cartoons – a stimulus with incentive salience for individuals with ASD. Participants were asked to either push or pull a joystick in response to an emotionally independent feature of the stimuli (colour frame). Following the main task, participants also rated the stimuli for affective valence and arousal. Results showed a dissociation in motivational responses towards positive stimuli for the ASD group only: faster avoidance from positive real photographs, but greater approach to positive cartoons, while no differences were found between emotionally negative or neutral stimuli. By contrast, no differences between the groups were found for the self-reported affective ratings. In light of the social motivation hypothesis, these atypical motivational responses suggest a deficit in assigning reward to socio-emotional stimuli in adolescents with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2015.05.004 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=263 Autistic Traits and Symptoms of Social Anxiety are Differentially Related to Attention to Others' Eyes in Social Anxiety Disorder / J. L. KLEBERG in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47-12 (December 2017)
[article]
Titre : Autistic Traits and Symptoms of Social Anxiety are Differentially Related to Attention to Others' Eyes in Social Anxiety Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : J. L. KLEBERG, Auteur ; J. HOGSTROM, Auteur ; M. NORD, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur ; E. SERLACHIUS, Auteur ; T. FALCK-YTTER, Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : p.3814-3821 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attention Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) Avoidance Broader autism phenotype Eye tracking Gaze avoidance Orienting Social anxiety disorder (SAD) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and social anxiety disorder (SAD) have partly overlapping symptoms. Gaze avoidance has been linked to both SAD and ASD, but little is known about differences in social attention between the two conditions. We studied eye movements in a group of treatment-seeking adolescents with SAD (N = 25), assessing SAD and ASD dimensionally. The results indicated a double dissociation between two measures of social attention and the two symptom dimensions. Controlling for social anxiety, elevated autistic traits were associated with delayed orienting to eyes presented among distractors. In contrast, elevated social anxiety levels were associated with faster orienting away from the eyes, when controlling for autistic traits. This distinction deepens our understanding of ASD and SAD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2978-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=325
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 47-12 (December 2017) . - p.3814-3821[article] Autistic Traits and Symptoms of Social Anxiety are Differentially Related to Attention to Others' Eyes in Social Anxiety Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / J. L. KLEBERG, Auteur ; J. HOGSTROM, Auteur ; M. NORD, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur ; E. SERLACHIUS, Auteur ; T. FALCK-YTTER, Auteur . - 2017 . - p.3814-3821.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 47-12 (December 2017) . - p.3814-3821
Mots-clés : Attention Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) Avoidance Broader autism phenotype Eye tracking Gaze avoidance Orienting Social anxiety disorder (SAD) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and social anxiety disorder (SAD) have partly overlapping symptoms. Gaze avoidance has been linked to both SAD and ASD, but little is known about differences in social attention between the two conditions. We studied eye movements in a group of treatment-seeking adolescents with SAD (N = 25), assessing SAD and ASD dimensionally. The results indicated a double dissociation between two measures of social attention and the two symptom dimensions. Controlling for social anxiety, elevated autistic traits were associated with delayed orienting to eyes presented among distractors. In contrast, elevated social anxiety levels were associated with faster orienting away from the eyes, when controlling for autistic traits. This distinction deepens our understanding of ASD and SAD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2978-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=325