Pubmed (TDAH) du 24/08/26
1. Lee H, Park EG, Yang HJ, Seo YG, Kang DY, Kim C, Sim DW, Seo J, Kim SH, Cho D, Kim K, Lee J, Kim Y, Lee K, Park HK, Joo HJ, Choi IY, An TJ, Moon MH, Jeong C, Im S, Ko SW, Lee JY, Chung YW, Kim YY, Shin SJ, Kim B, Sohn SJ. Real-World Evidence on Short-Term Weight Changes Following Methylphenidate Use in Pediatric Population: A Retrospective Study Using Common Data Model. Clin Transl Sci. 2026; 19(9): e70709.
In July 2025, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warned of significant weight loss among young children receiving stimulants for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. However, real-world evidence on the magnitude and prevalence of stimulant-associated weight loss remains limited. This study evaluated short-term weight changes after methylphenidate initiation among youth aged 3-18 years using the Medical record Observation and Assessment of drug safety Common Data Model (MOA CDM) in Korea. We conducted a retrospective study using electronic health record-based MOA CDM data from January 2008 to December 2024. The cohort included individuals aged 3-18 years with at least one methylphenidate prescription and had available weight measurements. The index date was defined as the first prescription date. Individuals without weight data within 45 days before or 90 days after the index date were excluded. Outcomes included changes in body weight (kg) and weight percentile, and the proportion having a ≥ 10-percentile decline. Weight percentiles were calculated using the 2017 Korean National Growth Charts for Children and Adolescents. A total of 2087 youths from 17 nationwide hospitals were included; 68.71% were male, and 58.12% were aged 6-10 years. Within 3 months, mean body weight decreased by -0.33 kg (95% confidence interval [CI], -0.44 to -0.22) and mean weight percentile decreased by -2.49 percentiles (95% CI, -2.83 to -2.15). Overall, 21.57% had a ≥ 10 percentile decline, with larger reductions among pre-school-aged children (28.57%). Our findings underscores the importance of growth monitoring during treatment initiation.
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2. Pinheiro CN, Eisenlohr-Moul T, Altschuler MR, Nirjar U, Litteral CA, Knapp EE, Robinson LE, Karr JE, Martel MM. Within-Person and Between-Person Associations Between Self-Reported and Behavioral Executive Function in Women With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms. Assessment. 2026: 10731911261477188.
Executive functioning (EF) impairments are central to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), yet correspondence between self-reported and performance-based EF measures is often modest. This discrepancy may be particularly relevant to women, who report greater impairment despite showing similar or fewer objective deficits. This study examined the correspondence between self-reported and performance-based working memory and response inhibition in women with ADHD symptoms. Women completed repeated EF assessments, including EF self-report items and performance-based cognitive tasks designed to engage working memory and inhibitory control. Associations were analyzed at the within- and between-person levels. Performance-based response inhibition showed modest but significant correspondence with self-reported inhibition at both within- (r = .093, p < .001) and between-person (r = .265, p = .010) levels. In contrast, working memory showed no significant between-person association (r = .115, p = .274) and only modest within-person associations (r = .098, p < .001). These findings suggest greater correspondence between self-reported and performance-based measures of response inhibition than working memory. Results highlight the importance of assessing distinct EF components and integrating subjective and performance-based measures when evaluating ADHD in women. State-sensitive assessments may improve detection of context-dependent difficulties and support personalized ADHD screening and intervention.
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3. van der Meulen RT, van Steensel FJA, de Bruin EI, Korf W, Bögels SM. Cost-Effectiveness of a Child and Parent Mindfulness-Based Training Versus Medication for Childhood ADHD. J Atten Disord. 2026: 10870547261469623.
OBJECTIVE: ADHD imposes substantial societal costs. This randomized controlled trial examined the cost-effectiveness of family mindfulness training (« MYmind ») versus medication in childhood ADHD. METHOD: An economic evaluation with a 10-month time horizon was conducted from a societal perspective. Children (N = 88, M = 11.27 years, 70% boys) with ADHD were randomized to MYmind (8 weekly 1.5-hr group mindfulness sessions for children and parallel for their parents, plus a 2-months follow-up) or medication (4-months immediate-release methylphenidate). During the following 6 months, families had free treatment choice, allowing crossover. Costs were assessed using retrospective cost-questionnaires. Primary outcome measures were children’s inattention and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Secondary analyses included: hyperactivity/impulsivity, internalizing and externalizing problems as outcome measures, taking a healthcare (payers) perspective, shorter time horizons (2 and 4 months), a different inattention questionnaire, per protocol analyses, and exclusion of crossover participants. RESULTS: At 10 months, primary cost-effectiveness analyses indicated that MYmind was inferior to medication for inattention but had higher QALY gains at higher costs. Specifically, MYmind had a 27% probability of being cost-effective for inattention and a 30% probability for QALYs. Secondary analyses showed similar results with even lower chances for mindfulness being cost-effective in the shorter-term horizons. Notably, in the subgroup excluding crossover participants, MYmind was dominant over medication, with an 81% chance to be cost-effective for both outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: MYmind was less cost-effective than medication in the short and medium term. Long-term cost-effectiveness of MYmind remained low for the total group, but was high among participants who did not crossover to the alternative treatment.
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4. Zhang K, Pei X, Yuan J, Zhao Y, Fu Z, Yang H, Xu X, Cui Z, Cao Q. Social Dysfunction in ADHD Children Associated With Increased Amygdala Functional Connectivity Instability: A Static and Dynamic Functional Connectivity Study. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2026; 32(8): e71088.
AIMS: Social dysfunction (SD) is highly prevalent in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), yet the underlying neural mechanisms remain poorly understood. The amygdala is a central hub for socio-emotional processing, and altered functional connectivity (FC) may explain the heterogeneity of social dysfunction in ADHD. METHODS: We examined both static FC (sFC) and dynamic FC (dFC) of amygdala subregions in 53 drug-naïve ADHD with SD (ADHD+SD), 71 drug-naïve ADHD without SD (ADHD-SD), and 72 typically developing controls (TDC). The sFC was computed by voxel-wise correlations, whereas dFC variability was quantified using sliding-window analysis. Group differences were tested with ANCOVA, and group-dependent cluster-symptom associations were examined using interaction models. RESULTS: No significant group differences were found for sFC. In contrast, dFC variability between the left basolateral amygdala (BLA) and the middle occipital gyrus (MOG) as well as the superior frontal gyrus (SFG) was significantly elevated in ADHD+SD relative to both ADHD-SD and controls, following the gradient ADHD+SD > TDC > ADHD-SD. Interaction analyses revealed a significant group-dependent association between BLA-MOG variability and social motivation, whereas no significant group-dependent associations were observed with core ADHD symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that social dysfunction in drug-naive children with ADHD is associated with abnormal dynamic, rather than static, amygdala connectivity. The ADHD+SD subgroup showed increased temporal variability in BLA-centered circuits involving both visual-perceptual (MOG) and executive control (SFG) systems. Furthermore, the group-dependent association between BLA-MOG variability and social motivation suggests that altered amygdala-visual temporal coordination may contribute to heterogeneity in social functioning. These results highlight dynamic amygdala-cortical connectivity as a promising neural feature for characterizing clinically relevant social dysfunction in ADHD.
