Pubmed (TSA) du 16/05/26
1. Boulton KA, Guastella AJ. Oxytocin and Autism – A precision medicine framework to unpack mechanisms and evidence. Neurosci Biobehav Rev;2026 (May 16):106746.
One of the great scientific questions in social neuroscience is how our knowledge of oxytocin, a neuropeptide and hormone with a crucial role in social behaviour, can be translated into meaningful advances to support social development. There is a compelling case for investigating oxytocin as a therapeutic target, from animal studies to converging human evidence from biomarker studies, genetic and epigenetic research, and neuroimaging findings implicating the oxytocinergic system in the social phenotype of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Despite decades of investigation, intranasal oxytocin has not shown consistent clinical benefits for autistic populations. This review synthesises evidence for oxytocinergic system involvement in ASD, with a focus on clinical trial findings. We argue for progress toward a precision medicine framework integrating biomarker-informed participant stratification, novel trial designs to control for placebo responses, objective outcome measures, and novel approaches to administration, drug development and endogenous stimulation. Together, these innovations offer opportunities to deliver on the potential to bridge existing knowledge of oxytocin’s role in development with its therapeutic potential for ASD.
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2. Lee CE, Oh M. Employment trajectories of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities: A 7-year longitudinal study. Res Dev Disabil;2026 (May 16);174:105304.
This study aimed to identify the subtypes of the longitudinal changes in employment profile of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities and to examine their determinants. A total of 339 individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities from the national panel survey collected from 2016 to 2021 were included for a latent class analysis. The results yielded four latent classes: stable unemployment (64.6%); increasing employment (3.5%); stable employment (23.6%); decreasing employment (8.3%). Using the stable unemployment class as the reference group, several correlates such as age, educational level, interpersonal and communication ability, and access to employment services emerged for the other three employment groups. Greater family support increased the likelihood of membership in the increasing employment class. In contrast, older age, lower family support, and experiences of societal discrimination were significant predictors of membership in the decreasing employment class. This study highlighted the importance of developing tailored interventions based on person-environment fit framework.
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3. Montoro-Pérez N, Martínez-González AE. Psychometric Properties of the Parent-Rated Anxiety Scale in Spanish Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev;2026 (May 16)
The aim of this study is to analyze the psychometric properties of the Parent-Rated Anxiety Scale (PRAS-ASD). A psychometric validation study of the PRAS-ASD was conducted with a sample of 221 individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), with a mean age of 8.60 years and a standard deviation of 4.76 years. A one-factor model was found to fit the data well. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were high. Significant correlations were obtained between anxiety and related constructs. No significant gender differences were observed in the PRAS-ASD. Differences in anxiety levels were observed between ASD groups with varying degrees of intellectual disability (ID). The PRAS-ASD is a reliable and valid scale for measuring anxiety in the Spanish population with ASD. Future studies should expand the sample, further study anxiety, and evaluate measurement invariance according to age, sex, and severity of ASD and ID.
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4. Nishi E, Yanagi K, Kaname T, Okamoto N. Clinical and Genetic Findings in Two Japanese Individuals With SET-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder. Congenit Anom (Kyoto);2026 (Jan-Dec);66(1):e70063.
SET-related neurodevelopmental disorder (OMIM #618106) is an emerging condition for which the phenotypic spectrum remains incompletely defined. We report two unrelated Japanese individuals with distinct genomic alterations affecting SET: a de novo frameshift variant and a heterozygous 9q34.11 microdeletion encompassing the gene. Both individuals presented with global developmental delay, intellectual disability, and overlapping craniofacial features, including a broad nasal bridge, broad nasal tip, wide mouth, and periorbital fullness. These features were broadly consistent with those described in previously reported individuals, suggesting a shared pattern of craniofacial characteristics associated with SET disruption. Both individuals exhibited a sociable behavioral tendency was observed in both individuals, whereas formal neurodevelopmental diagnoses such as autism spectrum disorder or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder were not consistently identified. Comparison with previously reported individuals, including those with protein-truncating variants, missense variants, and copy number alterations, showed that neurodevelopmental impairment is a consistent feature, while craniofacial and behavioral findings appear variable. In the individual with the microdeletion, contributions from neighboring genes cannot be fully excluded. These findings further delineate the clinical spectrum of SET-related neurodevelopmental disorder and support the importance of careful phenotypic characterization in its recognition.
