Dépouillements

Self-processing in individuals with autism spectrum disorder / A. D. NIJHOF in Autism Research, 12-11 (November 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-11 (November 2019) . - p.1580-1584 Titre : Self-processing in individuals with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : A. D. NIJHOF, Auteur ; Geoffrey BIRD, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1580-1584 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : compensation  egocentric bias  self-processing  social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Research attempting to explain the social difficulties observed in autism spectrum disorder has focused predominantly on difficulties understanding others, but there are indications that self-referential processing is also atypical in autism. For example, infants who later get an autism diagnosis show a reduced response when hearing their own name. In addition, research suggests that the self-bias (the tendency to preferentially process information when self-relevant) is smaller or absent in autism. However, findings are mixed: researchers are yet to clarify exactly those aspects of self-processing which are atypical in autism and in what way they are atypical. To gain further insight into these issues, future studies should focus on whether and how different aspects of self-processing are related in both neurotypical and autistic individuals. Furthermore, the (a)typical development of different aspects of the self, as well as the impact of the self on different domains of cognitive processing, deserves further attention, requiring studies with participants in a wide age range. Finally, the use of neural measures of self-processing will be invaluable, given the recent hypothesis that autistic individuals may learn to compensate for difficulties by relying on neural pathways which differ from those utilised by neurotypical individuals. Autism Res 2019, 1-5. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Research has indicated that individuals with autism spectrum disorder show differences in the processing of self-relevant information. However, as yet, exactly how self-processing differs in autism remains unknown. To further our understanding of the self in autism, future studies should focus on the relationship between different aspects of self-processing, investigating brain activity as well as behaviour, across a wide range of ages. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2200 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=411 [article] Self-processing in individuals with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / A. D. NIJHOF, Auteur ; Geoffrey BIRD, Auteur . - p.1580-1584. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-11 (November 2019) . - p.1580-1584 Mots-clés : compensation  egocentric bias  self-processing  social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Research attempting to explain the social difficulties observed in autism spectrum disorder has focused predominantly on difficulties understanding others, but there are indications that self-referential processing is also atypical in autism. For example, infants who later get an autism diagnosis show a reduced response when hearing their own name. In addition, research suggests that the self-bias (the tendency to preferentially process information when self-relevant) is smaller or absent in autism. However, findings are mixed: researchers are yet to clarify exactly those aspects of self-processing which are atypical in autism and in what way they are atypical. To gain further insight into these issues, future studies should focus on whether and how different aspects of self-processing are related in both neurotypical and autistic individuals. Furthermore, the (a)typical development of different aspects of the self, as well as the impact of the self on different domains of cognitive processing, deserves further attention, requiring studies with participants in a wide age range. Finally, the use of neural measures of self-processing will be invaluable, given the recent hypothesis that autistic individuals may learn to compensate for difficulties by relying on neural pathways which differ from those utilised by neurotypical individuals. Autism Res 2019, 1-5. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Research has indicated that individuals with autism spectrum disorder show differences in the processing of self-relevant information. However, as yet, exactly how self-processing differs in autism remains unknown. To further our understanding of the self in autism, future studies should focus on the relationship between different aspects of self-processing, investigating brain activity as well as behaviour, across a wide range of ages. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2200 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=411

Social-valence-related increased attention in rett syndrome cynomolgus monkeys: An eye-tracking study / B. ZHANG in Autism Research, 12-11 (November 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-11 (November 2019) . - p.1585-1597 Titre : Social-valence-related increased attention in rett syndrome cynomolgus monkeys: An eye-tracking study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : B. ZHANG, Auteur ; Z. ZHOU, Auteur ; Y. ZHOU, Auteur ; T. ZHANG, Auteur ; Y. MA, Auteur ; Y. NIU, Auteur ; W. JI, Auteur ; Y. CHEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1585-1597 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Rett syndrome  animal models  attention  cognitive neuroscience  visual Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The cognitive phenotypes of Rett syndrome (RTT) remain unclarified compared with the well-defined genetic etiology. Recent clinical studies suggest the eye-tracking method as a promising avenue to quantify the visual phenotypes of the syndrome. The present study explored various aspects of visual attention of the methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 gene mutant RTT monkeys with the eye-tracking procedure. Comprehensive testing paradigms, including social valence comparison (SVC), visual paired comparison (VPC), and social recognition memory (SRM), were utilized to investigate their attentional features to social stimuli with differential valence, the novelty preferences, and short-term recognition memory, respectively. To explore the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the eye-tracking findings, we assessed changes of the brain subregion volumes and neurotransmitter concentrations. Compared with control monkeys, RTT monkeys demonstrated increased viewing on the more salient stare faces than profile faces in the SVC test, and increased viewing on the whole presented images composed of monkey faces in the VPC and SRM tests. Brain imaging revealed reduced bilateral occipital gyrus in RTT monkeys. The exploratory neurotransmitter analyses revealed no significant changes of various neurotransmitter concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood of RTT monkeys. The eye-tracking results suggested social-valence-related increased attention in RTT monkeys, supplementing the cognitive phenotypes associated with the syndrome. Further investigations from broader perspectives are required to uncover the underlying neurobiological mechanisms. Autism Res 2019, 00: 1-13. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Altered expressions of the methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2) gene are usually associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders, Rett syndrome (RTT), and so forth. The present eye-tracking study found social-valence-related increased attention in our firstly established MECP2 mutant RTT monkeys. The novel findings supplement the cognitive phenotypes and potentially benefit the behavioral interventions of the RTT syndrome. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2189 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=411 [article] Social-valence-related increased attention in rett syndrome cynomolgus monkeys: An eye-tracking study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / B. ZHANG, Auteur ; Z. ZHOU, Auteur ; Y. ZHOU, Auteur ; T. ZHANG, Auteur ; Y. MA, Auteur ; Y. NIU, Auteur ; W. JI, Auteur ; Y. CHEN, Auteur . - p.1585-1597. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-11 (November 2019) . - p.1585-1597 Mots-clés : Rett syndrome  animal models  attention  cognitive neuroscience  visual Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The cognitive phenotypes of Rett syndrome (RTT) remain unclarified compared with the well-defined genetic etiology. Recent clinical studies suggest the eye-tracking method as a promising avenue to quantify the visual phenotypes of the syndrome. The present study explored various aspects of visual attention of the methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 gene mutant RTT monkeys with the eye-tracking procedure. Comprehensive testing paradigms, including social valence comparison (SVC), visual paired comparison (VPC), and social recognition memory (SRM), were utilized to investigate their attentional features to social stimuli with differential valence, the novelty preferences, and short-term recognition memory, respectively. To explore the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the eye-tracking findings, we assessed changes of the brain subregion volumes and neurotransmitter concentrations. Compared with control monkeys, RTT monkeys demonstrated increased viewing on the more salient stare faces than profile faces in the SVC test, and increased viewing on the whole presented images composed of monkey faces in the VPC and SRM tests. Brain imaging revealed reduced bilateral occipital gyrus in RTT monkeys. The exploratory neurotransmitter analyses revealed no significant changes of various neurotransmitter concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood of RTT monkeys. The eye-tracking results suggested social-valence-related increased attention in RTT monkeys, supplementing the cognitive phenotypes associated with the syndrome. Further investigations from broader perspectives are required to uncover the underlying neurobiological mechanisms. Autism Res 2019, 00: 1-13. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Altered expressions of the methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2) gene are usually associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders, Rett syndrome (RTT), and so forth. The present eye-tracking study found social-valence-related increased attention in our firstly established MECP2 mutant RTT monkeys. The novel findings supplement the cognitive phenotypes and potentially benefit the behavioral interventions of the RTT syndrome. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2189 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=411

Egocentric biases and atypical generosity in autistic individuals / S. TEI in Autism Research, 12-11 (November 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-11 (November 2019) . - p.1598-1608 Titre : Egocentric biases and atypical generosity in autistic individuals Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : S. TEI, Auteur ; J. FUJINO, Auteur ; T. ITAHASHI, Auteur ; Yuta AOKI, Auteur ; H. OHTA, Auteur ; M. KUBOTA, Auteur ; R. I. HASHIMOTO, Auteur ; M. NAKAMURA, Auteur ; N. KATO, Auteur ; H. TAKAHASHI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1598-1608 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  decision making  egocentrism  perspective taking  social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with autism spectrum conditions (ASCs) often experience difficulty and confusion in acknowledging others' perspectives and arguably exhibit egocentricity. However, whether this egocentricity necessarily results in selfish behavior during social situations remains a matter of debate. To study this relationship, we used computerized visuospatial perspective-taking task (VPT) and social-discounting task (SDT), derived from cognitive psychology and behavioral economics, and examined egocentric and other-oriented judgments in participants with ASCs (mean age 29.0 +/- 4.2 years) and a group of matched typically developing (TD) controls (30.8 +/- 8.5). The response time in VPT showed altered perspective-taking in the ASCs group compared with the TD group that involved in enhanced self-other intrusion and condition-insensitive response. Regardless of self/other perspective judgments, responses were relatively slower and consistent in duration in the ASCs group compared with the TD group. Social discounting was attenuated rather than steep discounting in the ASCs group. Their discounting was comparatively more consistent, irrespective of the task condition (i.e., self-other closeness-level). In effect, ASCs group exhibited more generous decisions than the TD group in this task. Finally, those with more egocentric perspective intrusion in VPT paradoxically showed more generous behaviors in SDT in the ASCs group. Our findings suggest that having ASCs does not always exhibit selfish behavior during interpersonal communication. Reduced flexibility in distinguishing self/other perspective and shifting decision-rules might account for this unique relationship between egocentricity and apparently generous behaviors. These results extend the recent suggestion that more careful attention should be paid to the idea of egocentricity in individuals with ASCs. Autism Res 2019. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: We aimed to examine whether seeing the world from another person's point of view and being generous toward other people are related in autistic and nonautistic people. We used a visual perspective-taking task and a social task in which individuals made decisions about how to divide a sum of money with others. Our results suggest that being autistic does not always make someone bad at seeing the world from another's viewpoint, and that autistic people may make fairer social decisions toward unfamiliar people because of lower bias. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2130 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=411 [article] Egocentric biases and atypical generosity in autistic individuals [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / S. TEI, Auteur ; J. FUJINO, Auteur ; T. ITAHASHI, Auteur ; Yuta AOKI, Auteur ; H. OHTA, Auteur ; M. KUBOTA, Auteur ; R. I. HASHIMOTO, Auteur ; M. NAKAMURA, Auteur ; N. KATO, Auteur ; H. TAKAHASHI, Auteur . - p.1598-1608. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-11 (November 2019) . - p.1598-1608 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  decision making  egocentrism  perspective taking  social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with autism spectrum conditions (ASCs) often experience difficulty and confusion in acknowledging others' perspectives and arguably exhibit egocentricity. However, whether this egocentricity necessarily results in selfish behavior during social situations remains a matter of debate. To study this relationship, we used computerized visuospatial perspective-taking task (VPT) and social-discounting task (SDT), derived from cognitive psychology and behavioral economics, and examined egocentric and other-oriented judgments in participants with ASCs (mean age 29.0 +/- 4.2 years) and a group of matched typically developing (TD) controls (30.8 +/- 8.5). The response time in VPT showed altered perspective-taking in the ASCs group compared with the TD group that involved in enhanced self-other intrusion and condition-insensitive response. Regardless of self/other perspective judgments, responses were relatively slower and consistent in duration in the ASCs group compared with the TD group. Social discounting was attenuated rather than steep discounting in the ASCs group. Their discounting was comparatively more consistent, irrespective of the task condition (i.e., self-other closeness-level). In effect, ASCs group exhibited more generous decisions than the TD group in this task. Finally, those with more egocentric perspective intrusion in VPT paradoxically showed more generous behaviors in SDT in the ASCs group. Our findings suggest that having ASCs does not always exhibit selfish behavior during interpersonal communication. Reduced flexibility in distinguishing self/other perspective and shifting decision-rules might account for this unique relationship between egocentricity and apparently generous behaviors. These results extend the recent suggestion that more careful attention should be paid to the idea of egocentricity in individuals with ASCs. Autism Res 2019. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: We aimed to examine whether seeing the world from another person's point of view and being generous toward other people are related in autistic and nonautistic people. We used a visual perspective-taking task and a social task in which individuals made decisions about how to divide a sum of money with others. Our results suggest that being autistic does not always make someone bad at seeing the world from another's viewpoint, and that autistic people may make fairer social decisions toward unfamiliar people because of lower bias. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2130 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=411

Preservation of categorical perception for speech in autism with and without speech onset delay / L. CHIODO in Autism Research, 12-11 (November 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-11 (November 2019) . - p.1609-1622 Titre : Preservation of categorical perception for speech in autism with and without speech onset delay Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : L. CHIODO, Auteur ; Laurent MOTTRON, Auteur ; Steve MAJERUS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1609-1622 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Bayesian models  autism spectrum  categorical perception  cognition  speech onset delay Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Recent accounts of autistic perception, including Bayesian accounts, hypothesize a reduced influence of prior knowledge on perception across different domains in the autism spectrum (AS). The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of prior linguistic knowledge, in the form of phonemic categorical knowledge, on speech perception in adults with AS condition. As phonemic categorical knowledge is shaped by language experience and abilities, we furthermore distinguished AS participants with (AS-SOD) or without a history of speech onset delay (AS-noSOD); the control group comprises typical individuals matched for age, nonverbal intelligence, and reading abilities. We also controlled for the influence of auditory-verbal short-term retention capacities by administering word list and nonword list repetition tasks. We did not observe any reduced influence of prior phonemic knowledge on the perception of speech stimuli nor did we observed any increased perceptual abilities for atypical variants of speech stimuli or nonspeech auditory stimuli, either between the two autistic groups or relative to the control group. Short-term memory abilities appeared to be superior in the AS-noSOD group relative to the AS-SOD and control groups, but this strength could be accounted for by their higher vocabulary knowledge. The preservation of categorical perception in verbal autistic adults observed in this study challenges models claiming a reduced influence of prior knowledge on perception across domains in the AS. Autism Res 2019. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: A reduced influence of prior knowledge has been considered to characterize perceptual abilities in people with autism. In this article, we examine this claim by assessing nonlinguistic and linguistic auditory perception abilities in adults with autism, and by further distinguishing between autism with or without a history of delayed language development. We did not observe any reduced influence of prior language knowledge on the perception of speech stimuli nor did we observe any increased perceptual abilities for atypical variants of speech stimuli or nonspeech auditory stimuli, and this relative to a control group matched on age, nonverbal intellectual efficiency, and reading abilities. Our results challenge models claiming a reduced influence of prior knowledge on perception across domains in the AS. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2134 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=411 [article] Preservation of categorical perception for speech in autism with and without speech onset delay [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / L. CHIODO, Auteur ; Laurent MOTTRON, Auteur ; Steve MAJERUS, Auteur . - p.1609-1622. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-11 (November 2019) . - p.1609-1622 Mots-clés : Bayesian models  autism spectrum  categorical perception  cognition  speech onset delay Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Recent accounts of autistic perception, including Bayesian accounts, hypothesize a reduced influence of prior knowledge on perception across different domains in the autism spectrum (AS). The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of prior linguistic knowledge, in the form of phonemic categorical knowledge, on speech perception in adults with AS condition. As phonemic categorical knowledge is shaped by language experience and abilities, we furthermore distinguished AS participants with (AS-SOD) or without a history of speech onset delay (AS-noSOD); the control group comprises typical individuals matched for age, nonverbal intelligence, and reading abilities. We also controlled for the influence of auditory-verbal short-term retention capacities by administering word list and nonword list repetition tasks. We did not observe any reduced influence of prior phonemic knowledge on the perception of speech stimuli nor did we observed any increased perceptual abilities for atypical variants of speech stimuli or nonspeech auditory stimuli, either between the two autistic groups or relative to the control group. Short-term memory abilities appeared to be superior in the AS-noSOD group relative to the AS-SOD and control groups, but this strength could be accounted for by their higher vocabulary knowledge. The preservation of categorical perception in verbal autistic adults observed in this study challenges models claiming a reduced influence of prior knowledge on perception across domains in the AS. Autism Res 2019. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: A reduced influence of prior knowledge has been considered to characterize perceptual abilities in people with autism. In this article, we examine this claim by assessing nonlinguistic and linguistic auditory perception abilities in adults with autism, and by further distinguishing between autism with or without a history of delayed language development. We did not observe any reduced influence of prior language knowledge on the perception of speech stimuli nor did we observe any increased perceptual abilities for atypical variants of speech stimuli or nonspeech auditory stimuli, and this relative to a control group matched on age, nonverbal intellectual efficiency, and reading abilities. Our results challenge models claiming a reduced influence of prior knowledge on perception across domains in the AS. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2134 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=411

Typical perceptual organization in autism: Perceptual grouping and spatial distortion / R. AVRAAM in Autism Research, 12-11 (November 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-11 (November 2019) . - p.1623-1635 Titre : Typical perceptual organization in autism: Perceptual grouping and spatial distortion Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : R. AVRAAM, Auteur ; N. BINUR, Auteur ; B. S. HADAD, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1623-1635 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  gestalt principles  grouping  implicit  local global processing  perceptual organization Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The extensive literature on global-local processing in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has recently shifted from arguing for a processing impairment among those with ASD to positing an attenuated preference for global processing. One suggestion is that the fast extraction of the global gist is less efficient in ASD, in contrast to the superior attention-driven processing of local elements. To examine this claim of attenuated global processing, the present study tested how perceptual grouping affected the global organization of visual scenes, specifically testing the claim of less mandatory, more optional global processing in ASD. Participants judged the distance between grouped and ungrouped elements in displays in which illusory distortions were inherent in configurations exemplifying the Gestalt principles of organization. Results from six experiments manipulating different Gestalt cues showed a consistent pattern, indicating that for individuals with ASD, as for typically developed (TD) individuals, grouping processes are organizational in nature, incorporating the grouping of related elements while parsing these from other unrelated elements. This parsing is accompanied by distortions in the spatial relationships perceived in the visual scene. ASD participants exhibited an overall larger tendency to overestimate the distances, but they also demonstrated typical perceptual organization processes that were robust and mandatory and, as in neurotypicals, affected the perception of the whole scene. Autism Res 2019. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: It is known that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) perceive the world in a different way than their typically developed (TD) peers. While TD individuals exhibit strong bias toward processing the global structure of visual scenes, individuals with ASD exhibit enhanced perception of the local elements. We showed that when the local and global levels are not competing, individuals with autism demonstrate robust global organization that operates even when not directly instructed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2153 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=412 [article] Typical perceptual organization in autism: Perceptual grouping and spatial distortion [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / R. AVRAAM, Auteur ; N. BINUR, Auteur ; B. S. HADAD, Auteur . - p.1623-1635. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-11 (November 2019) . - p.1623-1635 Mots-clés : autism  gestalt principles  grouping  implicit  local global processing  perceptual organization Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The extensive literature on global-local processing in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has recently shifted from arguing for a processing impairment among those with ASD to positing an attenuated preference for global processing. One suggestion is that the fast extraction of the global gist is less efficient in ASD, in contrast to the superior attention-driven processing of local elements. To examine this claim of attenuated global processing, the present study tested how perceptual grouping affected the global organization of visual scenes, specifically testing the claim of less mandatory, more optional global processing in ASD. Participants judged the distance between grouped and ungrouped elements in displays in which illusory distortions were inherent in configurations exemplifying the Gestalt principles of organization. Results from six experiments manipulating different Gestalt cues showed a consistent pattern, indicating that for individuals with ASD, as for typically developed (TD) individuals, grouping processes are organizational in nature, incorporating the grouping of related elements while parsing these from other unrelated elements. This parsing is accompanied by distortions in the spatial relationships perceived in the visual scene. ASD participants exhibited an overall larger tendency to overestimate the distances, but they also demonstrated typical perceptual organization processes that were robust and mandatory and, as in neurotypicals, affected the perception of the whole scene. Autism Res 2019. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: It is known that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) perceive the world in a different way than their typically developed (TD) peers. While TD individuals exhibit strong bias toward processing the global structure of visual scenes, individuals with ASD exhibit enhanced perception of the local elements. We showed that when the local and global levels are not competing, individuals with autism demonstrate robust global organization that operates even when not directly instructed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2153 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=412

The social ecology of aggression in youths with autism spectrum disorder / C. E. BROWN in Autism Research, 12-11 (November 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-11 (November 2019) . - p.1636-1647 Titre : The social ecology of aggression in youths with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : C. E. BROWN, Auteur ; C. M. BORDUIN, Auteur ; A. R. DOPP, Auteur ; M. O. MAZUREK, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1636-1647 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : aggression  autism spectrum disorder  disruptive behaviors  social ecology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study examined the social-ecological correlates of aggressive behavior in 120 youths with autism spectrum disorder. Youths were divided into three groups based on caregiver reports of the youth's aggressive acts: youths who engaged in acts of both physical and verbal aggression, youths who engaged only in acts of physical aggression, and nonaggressive youths. Caregivers and youths completed self-report instruments and behavior rating inventories that assessed youth individual functioning, family relations, and extrafamilial factors (i.e., peer relations, academic performance). Results showed that youths who engaged in both verbal and physical aggression were characterized by poor sleep quality and victimization by peers, and their caregivers evidenced high levels of distress and avoidant coping. In contrast, youths who were physically but not verbally aggressive were distinguished by difficulties in social interaction and communication. In general, each group of youths who were aggressive experienced more problems with repetitive behaviors, family relations, and academic performance than did their nonaggressive counterparts. The implications of these findings for theory, research, and treatment are discussed. Autism Res 2019. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: The present study demonstrated that youths with autism spectrum disorder may be classified by the types of aggressive behaviors that they exhibit: youths who are verbally and physically aggressive, physically aggressive only, or not aggressive. Compared to the nonaggressive group, both groups of youths who were aggressive experienced difficulties in their individual, family, peer, and academic functioning. Youths with both verbal and physical aggression showed the most problems in their functioning. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2157 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=412 [article] The social ecology of aggression in youths with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / C. E. BROWN, Auteur ; C. M. BORDUIN, Auteur ; A. R. DOPP, Auteur ; M. O. MAZUREK, Auteur . - p.1636-1647. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-11 (November 2019) . - p.1636-1647 Mots-clés : aggression  autism spectrum disorder  disruptive behaviors  social ecology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study examined the social-ecological correlates of aggressive behavior in 120 youths with autism spectrum disorder. Youths were divided into three groups based on caregiver reports of the youth's aggressive acts: youths who engaged in acts of both physical and verbal aggression, youths who engaged only in acts of physical aggression, and nonaggressive youths. Caregivers and youths completed self-report instruments and behavior rating inventories that assessed youth individual functioning, family relations, and extrafamilial factors (i.e., peer relations, academic performance). Results showed that youths who engaged in both verbal and physical aggression were characterized by poor sleep quality and victimization by peers, and their caregivers evidenced high levels of distress and avoidant coping. In contrast, youths who were physically but not verbally aggressive were distinguished by difficulties in social interaction and communication. In general, each group of youths who were aggressive experienced more problems with repetitive behaviors, family relations, and academic performance than did their nonaggressive counterparts. The implications of these findings for theory, research, and treatment are discussed. Autism Res 2019. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: The present study demonstrated that youths with autism spectrum disorder may be classified by the types of aggressive behaviors that they exhibit: youths who are verbally and physically aggressive, physically aggressive only, or not aggressive. Compared to the nonaggressive group, both groups of youths who were aggressive experienced difficulties in their individual, family, peer, and academic functioning. Youths with both verbal and physical aggression showed the most problems in their functioning. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2157 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=412

Perspectives of key stakeholders on employment of autistic adults across the united states, australia, and sweden / M. H. BLACK in Autism Research, 12-11 (November 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-11 (November 2019) . - p.1648-1662 Titre : Perspectives of key stakeholders on employment of autistic adults across the united states, australia, and sweden Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : M. H. BLACK, Auteur ; S. MAHDI, Auteur ; B. MILBOURN, Auteur ; C. THOMPSON, Auteur ; A. D'ANGELO, Auteur ; E. STROM, Auteur ; M. FALKMER, Auteur ; T. FALKMER, Auteur ; M. LERNER, Auteur ; Alycia K. HALLADAY, Auteur ; A. GERBER, Auteur ; C. ESPOSITO, Auteur ; S. GIRDLER, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1648-1662 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Icf  autism  cross-cultural  employment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Despite efforts to improve employment outcomes for autistic individuals, internationally their employment rates remain low. There is a need to better understand the factors influencing successful employment for autistic adults in the labor market from the perspectives of multiple key stakeholders. This study represents the second in a series of papers conducted as part of an International Society for Autism Research policy brief aimed at improving employment outcomes for autistic individuals. A community consultation methodology using focus groups, forums, and interviews was applied with autistic individuals (n = 19), family members (n = 18), service providers (n = 21), employers (n = 11), researchers (n = 5), and advocacy group representatives (n = 5) in Australia, Sweden, and the United States, aiming to identify the factors perceived to determine gaining and maintaining employment for autistic individuals. Directed content analysis, guided by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), was conducted to investigate the key factors influencing employment outcomes for autistic individuals. Meaningful verbal concepts, or units of text with common themes, were also derived from the qualitative data and then linked and compared to the ICF Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Core-sets. Across countries, activity and participation and environmental factor categories of the ICF were the most associated with employment outcomes. Results suggest that removal of environmental barriers and enhancing environmental facilitators may assist to remediate ASD-related difficulties in the workplace. Autism Res 2019, (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This study sought to understand the perspectives of autistic individuals and key stakeholders on factors influencing if autistic adults get and keep jobs. Across Australia, Sweden, and the United States, focus groups and interviews were conducted to understand international perspectives on what helps and hinders getting and keeping a job for autistic individuals. The environment, including supports, relationships, attitudes, and services, were perceived to be the most important for workplace success. Intervention targeting barriers and facilitators in the workplace environment may support autistic adults to be successful in the labor market. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2167 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=412 [article] Perspectives of key stakeholders on employment of autistic adults across the united states, australia, and sweden [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / M. H. BLACK, Auteur ; S. MAHDI, Auteur ; B. MILBOURN, Auteur ; C. THOMPSON, Auteur ; A. D'ANGELO, Auteur ; E. STROM, Auteur ; M. FALKMER, Auteur ; T. FALKMER, Auteur ; M. LERNER, Auteur ; Alycia K. HALLADAY, Auteur ; A. GERBER, Auteur ; C. ESPOSITO, Auteur ; S. GIRDLER, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur . - p.1648-1662. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-11 (November 2019) . - p.1648-1662 Mots-clés : Icf  autism  cross-cultural  employment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Despite efforts to improve employment outcomes for autistic individuals, internationally their employment rates remain low. There is a need to better understand the factors influencing successful employment for autistic adults in the labor market from the perspectives of multiple key stakeholders. This study represents the second in a series of papers conducted as part of an International Society for Autism Research policy brief aimed at improving employment outcomes for autistic individuals. A community consultation methodology using focus groups, forums, and interviews was applied with autistic individuals (n = 19), family members (n = 18), service providers (n = 21), employers (n = 11), researchers (n = 5), and advocacy group representatives (n = 5) in Australia, Sweden, and the United States, aiming to identify the factors perceived to determine gaining and maintaining employment for autistic individuals. Directed content analysis, guided by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), was conducted to investigate the key factors influencing employment outcomes for autistic individuals. Meaningful verbal concepts, or units of text with common themes, were also derived from the qualitative data and then linked and compared to the ICF Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Core-sets. Across countries, activity and participation and environmental factor categories of the ICF were the most associated with employment outcomes. Results suggest that removal of environmental barriers and enhancing environmental facilitators may assist to remediate ASD-related difficulties in the workplace. Autism Res 2019, (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This study sought to understand the perspectives of autistic individuals and key stakeholders on factors influencing if autistic adults get and keep jobs. Across Australia, Sweden, and the United States, focus groups and interviews were conducted to understand international perspectives on what helps and hinders getting and keeping a job for autistic individuals. The environment, including supports, relationships, attitudes, and services, were perceived to be the most important for workplace success. Intervention targeting barriers and facilitators in the workplace environment may support autistic adults to be successful in the labor market. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2167 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=412

Acoustic properties of early vocalizations in infants with fragile X syndrome / L. R. HAMRICK in Autism Research, 12-11 (November 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-11 (November 2019) . - p.1663-1679 Titre : Acoustic properties of early vocalizations in infants with fragile X syndrome Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : L. R. HAMRICK, Auteur ; A. SEIDL, Auteur ; B. L. TONNSEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1663-1679 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : acoustics  autism spectrum disorder  canonical babbling  fragile X syndrome  pitch  vocalization duration  volubility Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a neurogenetic syndrome characterized by cognitive impairments and high rates of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). FXS is often highlighted as a model for exploring pathways of symptom expression in ASD due to the high prevalence of ASD symptoms in this population and the known single-gene cause of FXS. Early vocalization features-including volubility, complexity, duration, and pitch-have shown promise in detecting ASD in idiopathic ASD populations but have yet to be extensively studied in a population with a known genetic cause for ASD such as FXS. Investigating early trajectories of these features in FXS may inform our limited knowledge of potential mechanisms that predict later social communication outcomes. The present study addresses this need by presenting preliminary findings which (a) characterize early vocalization features in FXS relative to low-risk controls (LRC) and (b) test the specificity of associations between these features and language and ASD outcomes. We coded vocalization features during a standardized child-examiner interaction for 39 nine-month-olds (22 FXS, 17 LRC) whose clinical outcomes were assessed at 24 months. Our results provide preliminary evidence that within FXS, associations between vocalization features and 24-month language outcomes may diverge from those observed in LRC, and that vocalization features may be associated with later ASD symptoms. These findings provide a starting point for more research exploring these features as potential early markers of ASD in FXS, which in turn may lead to improved early identification methods, treatment approaches, and overall well-being of individuals with ASD. Autism Res2019. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Although vocal features of 9-month-olds with FXS did not differ from those of low-risk controls, several features were associated with later language and ASD outcomes at 24 months in FXS. These preliminary results suggest acoustic data may be related to clinical outcomes in FXS and potentially other high-risk populations. Further characterizing these associations may facilitate understanding of biological mechanisms and risk factors associated with social communication development and ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2176 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=412 [article] Acoustic properties of early vocalizations in infants with fragile X syndrome [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / L. R. HAMRICK, Auteur ; A. SEIDL, Auteur ; B. L. TONNSEN, Auteur . - p.1663-1679. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-11 (November 2019) . - p.1663-1679 Mots-clés : acoustics  autism spectrum disorder  canonical babbling  fragile X syndrome  pitch  vocalization duration  volubility Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a neurogenetic syndrome characterized by cognitive impairments and high rates of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). FXS is often highlighted as a model for exploring pathways of symptom expression in ASD due to the high prevalence of ASD symptoms in this population and the known single-gene cause of FXS. Early vocalization features-including volubility, complexity, duration, and pitch-have shown promise in detecting ASD in idiopathic ASD populations but have yet to be extensively studied in a population with a known genetic cause for ASD such as FXS. Investigating early trajectories of these features in FXS may inform our limited knowledge of potential mechanisms that predict later social communication outcomes. The present study addresses this need by presenting preliminary findings which (a) characterize early vocalization features in FXS relative to low-risk controls (LRC) and (b) test the specificity of associations between these features and language and ASD outcomes. We coded vocalization features during a standardized child-examiner interaction for 39 nine-month-olds (22 FXS, 17 LRC) whose clinical outcomes were assessed at 24 months. Our results provide preliminary evidence that within FXS, associations between vocalization features and 24-month language outcomes may diverge from those observed in LRC, and that vocalization features may be associated with later ASD symptoms. These findings provide a starting point for more research exploring these features as potential early markers of ASD in FXS, which in turn may lead to improved early identification methods, treatment approaches, and overall well-being of individuals with ASD. Autism Res2019. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Although vocal features of 9-month-olds with FXS did not differ from those of low-risk controls, several features were associated with later language and ASD outcomes at 24 months in FXS. These preliminary results suggest acoustic data may be related to clinical outcomes in FXS and potentially other high-risk populations. Further characterizing these associations may facilitate understanding of biological mechanisms and risk factors associated with social communication development and ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2176 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=412

Pupil Dilation Progression Modulates Aberrant Social Cognition in Autism Spectrum Disorder / Nico BAST in Autism Research, 12-11 (November 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-11 (November 2019) . - p.1680-1692 Titre : Pupil Dilation Progression Modulates Aberrant Social Cognition in Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Nico BAST, Auteur ; Tobias BANASCHEWSKI, Auteur ; I. DZIOBEK, Auteur ; Daniel BRANDEIS, Auteur ; L. POUSTKA, Auteur ; C. M. FREITAG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1680-1692 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : attention modulation  biomarker  eye tracking  pupillary reactivity  sensory processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Progression of pupil dilation (PD) in response to visual stimuli may indicate distinct internal processes. No study has been performed on PD progression during a social cognition task. Here, we describe PD progression during the Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition (MASC) test in n = 23 adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and n = 24 age, IQ and sex-matched neurotypical controls (NTC). The MASC consists of 43 video sequences depicting human social interactions, each followed by a multiple-choice question concerning characters' mental states. PD progression data were extracted by eye tracking and controlled for fixation behavior. Segmenting PD progression during video sequences by principal component analysis, three sequential PD components were unveiled. In ASD compared with NTC, a distinct PD progression was observed with increased constriction amplitude, increased dilation latency, and increased dilation amplitude that correlated with PD progression components. These components predicted social cognition performance. The first and second PD components correlated positively with MASC behavioral performance in ASD but negatively in NTC. These PD components may be interpreted as indicators of sensory-perceptual processing and attention function. In ASD, aberrant sensory-perceptual processing and attention function could contribute to attenuated social cognition performance. This needs to be tested by additional studies combining the respective cognitive tests and the outlined PD progression analysis. Phasic activity of the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system is discussed as putatively shared underlying mechanism. Autism Res2019. (c) 2019 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: In adolescents with autism, we found an altered pupil dilation during watching scenes of human interactions. Early pupil dilation correlated positively with the number of correct answers to questions about the shown human interactions. Our findings suggest that aberrant sensory processing and attention function may contribute to altered social cognition in autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2178 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=412 [article] Pupil Dilation Progression Modulates Aberrant Social Cognition in Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Nico BAST, Auteur ; Tobias BANASCHEWSKI, Auteur ; I. DZIOBEK, Auteur ; Daniel BRANDEIS, Auteur ; L. POUSTKA, Auteur ; C. M. FREITAG, Auteur . - p.1680-1692. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-11 (November 2019) . - p.1680-1692 Mots-clés : attention modulation  biomarker  eye tracking  pupillary reactivity  sensory processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Progression of pupil dilation (PD) in response to visual stimuli may indicate distinct internal processes. No study has been performed on PD progression during a social cognition task. Here, we describe PD progression during the Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition (MASC) test in n = 23 adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and n = 24 age, IQ and sex-matched neurotypical controls (NTC). The MASC consists of 43 video sequences depicting human social interactions, each followed by a multiple-choice question concerning characters' mental states. PD progression data were extracted by eye tracking and controlled for fixation behavior. Segmenting PD progression during video sequences by principal component analysis, three sequential PD components were unveiled. In ASD compared with NTC, a distinct PD progression was observed with increased constriction amplitude, increased dilation latency, and increased dilation amplitude that correlated with PD progression components. These components predicted social cognition performance. The first and second PD components correlated positively with MASC behavioral performance in ASD but negatively in NTC. These PD components may be interpreted as indicators of sensory-perceptual processing and attention function. In ASD, aberrant sensory-perceptual processing and attention function could contribute to attenuated social cognition performance. This needs to be tested by additional studies combining the respective cognitive tests and the outlined PD progression analysis. Phasic activity of the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system is discussed as putatively shared underlying mechanism. Autism Res2019. (c) 2019 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: In adolescents with autism, we found an altered pupil dilation during watching scenes of human interactions. Early pupil dilation correlated positively with the number of correct answers to questions about the shown human interactions. Our findings suggest that aberrant sensory processing and attention function may contribute to altered social cognition in autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2178 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=412

Temporal and Geographical Variability of Prevalence and Incidence of Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnoses in Children in Catalonia, Spain / L. PEREZ-CRESPO in Autism Research, 12-11 (November 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-11 (November 2019) . - p.1693-1705 Titre : Temporal and Geographical Variability of Prevalence and Incidence of Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnoses in Children in Catalonia, Spain Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : L. PEREZ-CRESPO, Auteur ; A. PRATS-URIBE, Auteur ; A. TOBIAS, Auteur ; E. DURAN-TAULERIA, Auteur ; R. CORONADO, Auteur ; A. HERVAS, Auteur ; M. GUXENS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1693-1705 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Europe  autistic disorder  child development disorder  epidemiology  neurodevelopmental disorders Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study aims to estimate the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in 2017 and the ASD diagnosis incidence between 2009 and 2017 in children living in Catalonia region in Spain, and their temporal and geographical variability. We used administrative data for all children aged 2-17 years who were insured in the public Catalan Health System between 2009 and 2017. We identified all ASD cases diagnosed between 2009 and 2017 (ICD-9 codes 299.0, 299.1, 299.8, and 299.9). We estimated the ASD prevalence in 2017 and the overall annual incidence between 2009 and 2017, then stratified by sex, age group, and healthcare area. We used Poisson regression models to assess temporal trends in the incidence and mixed-effects Poisson regression models to assess geographical variability. We observed an ASD prevalence of 1.23% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21-1.25) in 2017, with 1.95% (95% CI 1.92-1.99) for boys and 0.46% (95% CI 0.44-0.48) for girls, the highest prevalence being in 11- to 17-year-olds (1.80%, 95% CI 1.76-1.83). The ASD diagnosis incidence increased from 0.07% (95% CI 0.06-0.09) in 2009 to 0.23% (95% CI 0.21-0.24) in 2017, with a higher increase in girls, and in children aged 2-5 years at the time of diagnosis. We only observed geographical differences in prevalence in the 2017 data. We also detected a threefold increase in the diagnosis incidence overall, which was even more pronounced in girls and at early ages. In conclusion, the ASD prevalence observed in this study was 1.23% in 2017, with a sex ratio of 4.5 in favor of boys, which is consistent with previous studies. Autism Res2019. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are currently well known in our society as one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders during childhood. The results of our study showed that, in 2017 in Catalonia, slightly more than one in a 100 children had an ASD diagnosis, it was more common in boys than in girls, and also in older children. In addition, between 2009 and 2017, we observed an increase in the number of new cases diagnosed each year. The data presented in this study will assist in planning and evaluating the needs of health services in this geographical region. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2172 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=412 [article] Temporal and Geographical Variability of Prevalence and Incidence of Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnoses in Children in Catalonia, Spain [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / L. PEREZ-CRESPO, Auteur ; A. PRATS-URIBE, Auteur ; A. TOBIAS, Auteur ; E. DURAN-TAULERIA, Auteur ; R. CORONADO, Auteur ; A. HERVAS, Auteur ; M. GUXENS, Auteur . - p.1693-1705. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-11 (November 2019) . - p.1693-1705 Mots-clés : Europe  autistic disorder  child development disorder  epidemiology  neurodevelopmental disorders Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study aims to estimate the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in 2017 and the ASD diagnosis incidence between 2009 and 2017 in children living in Catalonia region in Spain, and their temporal and geographical variability. We used administrative data for all children aged 2-17 years who were insured in the public Catalan Health System between 2009 and 2017. We identified all ASD cases diagnosed between 2009 and 2017 (ICD-9 codes 299.0, 299.1, 299.8, and 299.9). We estimated the ASD prevalence in 2017 and the overall annual incidence between 2009 and 2017, then stratified by sex, age group, and healthcare area. We used Poisson regression models to assess temporal trends in the incidence and mixed-effects Poisson regression models to assess geographical variability. We observed an ASD prevalence of 1.23% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21-1.25) in 2017, with 1.95% (95% CI 1.92-1.99) for boys and 0.46% (95% CI 0.44-0.48) for girls, the highest prevalence being in 11- to 17-year-olds (1.80%, 95% CI 1.76-1.83). The ASD diagnosis incidence increased from 0.07% (95% CI 0.06-0.09) in 2009 to 0.23% (95% CI 0.21-0.24) in 2017, with a higher increase in girls, and in children aged 2-5 years at the time of diagnosis. We only observed geographical differences in prevalence in the 2017 data. We also detected a threefold increase in the diagnosis incidence overall, which was even more pronounced in girls and at early ages. In conclusion, the ASD prevalence observed in this study was 1.23% in 2017, with a sex ratio of 4.5 in favor of boys, which is consistent with previous studies. Autism Res2019. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are currently well known in our society as one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders during childhood. The results of our study showed that, in 2017 in Catalonia, slightly more than one in a 100 children had an ASD diagnosis, it was more common in boys than in girls, and also in older children. In addition, between 2009 and 2017, we observed an increase in the number of new cases diagnosed each year. The data presented in this study will assist in planning and evaluating the needs of health services in this geographical region. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2172 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=412

The reliability and validity of the social responsiveness scale to measure autism symptomology in Vietnamese children / P. H. NGUYEN in Autism Research, 12-11 (November 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-11 (November 2019) . - p.1706-1718 Titre : The reliability and validity of the social responsiveness scale to measure autism symptomology in Vietnamese children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : P. H. NGUYEN, Auteur ; M. E. OCANSEY, Auteur ; M. MILLER, Auteur ; D. T. K. LE, Auteur ; Rebecca J. SCHMIDT, Auteur ; E. L. PRADO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1706-1718 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Social Responsiveness Scale  Vietnam  autism spectrum disorder  low- and middle-income countries  reliability  validity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) has been validated in high-income countries but not yet in low- and middle-income countries. We aimed to assess the reliability of the SRS in a community sample and its validity to discriminate between children with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Vietnam. We used a three-phase study: piloting the translated SRS, reliability testing, and validation of the SRS in 158 Vietnamese caretakers and their children (ages 4-9 years). We examined reliability, validity and sensitivity, and specificity to ASD diagnosis. We applied receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis to determine optimal cutoff scores discriminating the children with ASD from those without ASD. We also assessed the performance of the SRS short form. We found that reliability was good with high internal consistency (0.88-0.89), test-retest reliability (0.82-0.83), sensitivity (93%), and specificity (98%) for identification of children with ASD. The ROC curves were similar for total raw score and total T-score, with the area under the curve (AUC) values reaching 0.98 and the optimal cutoff of 62 for raw scores and 60 for T-scores. The SRS short form also performed well in distinguishing children with ASD from children without ASD, with high AUC (0.98), sensitivity (90%), and specificity (98%) when using a raw score of 15 as a cutoff. In conclusion, the translated and culturally adapted SRS shows good reliability, validity, and sensitivity for identification of children with ASD in Vietnam. Both SRS long and short forms performed adequately to discriminate between children with and without ASD. Autism Res 2019, 00: 1-13. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Middle-income countries often lack validated tools to evaluate autism symptoms. The Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) translated to Vietnamese was reliable and performed well to distinguish between children with and without autism spectrum disorder in Vietnam. The Vietnamese SRS, and translations of the tool to other languages with this methodology, may be useful in pediatric practice, potentially allowing providers to make more appropriate referrals for diagnostic evaluations and identify children for intervention to help them fulfill their developmental potential. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2179 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=412 [article] The reliability and validity of the social responsiveness scale to measure autism symptomology in Vietnamese children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / P. H. NGUYEN, Auteur ; M. E. OCANSEY, Auteur ; M. MILLER, Auteur ; D. T. K. LE, Auteur ; Rebecca J. SCHMIDT, Auteur ; E. L. PRADO, Auteur . - p.1706-1718. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-11 (November 2019) . - p.1706-1718 Mots-clés : Social Responsiveness Scale  Vietnam  autism spectrum disorder  low- and middle-income countries  reliability  validity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) has been validated in high-income countries but not yet in low- and middle-income countries. We aimed to assess the reliability of the SRS in a community sample and its validity to discriminate between children with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Vietnam. We used a three-phase study: piloting the translated SRS, reliability testing, and validation of the SRS in 158 Vietnamese caretakers and their children (ages 4-9 years). We examined reliability, validity and sensitivity, and specificity to ASD diagnosis. We applied receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis to determine optimal cutoff scores discriminating the children with ASD from those without ASD. We also assessed the performance of the SRS short form. We found that reliability was good with high internal consistency (0.88-0.89), test-retest reliability (0.82-0.83), sensitivity (93%), and specificity (98%) for identification of children with ASD. The ROC curves were similar for total raw score and total T-score, with the area under the curve (AUC) values reaching 0.98 and the optimal cutoff of 62 for raw scores and 60 for T-scores. The SRS short form also performed well in distinguishing children with ASD from children without ASD, with high AUC (0.98), sensitivity (90%), and specificity (98%) when using a raw score of 15 as a cutoff. In conclusion, the translated and culturally adapted SRS shows good reliability, validity, and sensitivity for identification of children with ASD in Vietnam. Both SRS long and short forms performed adequately to discriminate between children with and without ASD. Autism Res 2019, 00: 1-13. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Middle-income countries often lack validated tools to evaluate autism symptoms. The Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) translated to Vietnamese was reliable and performed well to distinguish between children with and without autism spectrum disorder in Vietnam. The Vietnamese SRS, and translations of the tool to other languages with this methodology, may be useful in pediatric practice, potentially allowing providers to make more appropriate referrals for diagnostic evaluations and identify children for intervention to help them fulfill their developmental potential. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2179 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=412