Dépouillements

Neurodiversity and humanism in autism: An LMIC health care setting perspective / Sheffali GULATI in Autism, 27-5 (July 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 27-5 (July 2023) . - p.1173-1176 Titre : Neurodiversity and humanism in autism: An LMIC health care setting perspective Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sheffali GULATI, Auteur ; Biju HAMEED, Auteur ; Bolajoko O. OLUSANYA, Auteur ; Charles RC NEWTON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1173-1176 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231181477 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507 [article] Neurodiversity and humanism in autism: An LMIC health care setting perspective [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sheffali GULATI, Auteur ; Biju HAMEED, Auteur ; Bolajoko O. OLUSANYA, Auteur ; Charles RC NEWTON, Auteur . - p.1173-1176. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 27-5 (July 2023) . - p.1173-1176 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231181477 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507

Association of labor epidural analgesia exposure with long-term risk of autism spectrum disorder in offspring: A meta-analysis of observational studies / Kuo-Chuan HUNG in Autism, 27-5 (July 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 27-5 (July 2023) . - p.1177-1189 Titre : Association of labor epidural analgesia exposure with long-term risk of autism spectrum disorder in offspring: A meta-analysis of observational studies Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kuo-Chuan HUNG, Auteur ; Jen-Yin CHEN, Auteur ; Chung-Hsi HSING, Auteur ; Chih-Wei HSU, Auteur ; Ping-Hsin LIU, Auteur ; Ying-Jen CHANG, Auteur ; Jui-Yi CHEN, Auteur ; Sheng-Fu CHIU, Auteur ; Cheuk-Kwan SUN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1177-1189 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder;labor epidural analgesia;meta-analysis;offspring Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : To investigate the association between labor epidural analgesia exposure and the risk of autism spectrum disorder in offspring, this meta-analysis reviewed relevant literature from Medline, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and EMBASE databases from inception to May 2022 to evaluate the overall adjusted risk of autism spectrum disorder in offspring (primary outcome) and adjusted risks of autism spectrum disorder focusing on sibling-matched data, children who were delivered vaginally, and duration of labor epidural analgesia exposure (secondary outcomes). Pooled results of seven eligible observational studies involving 4,021,406 children revealed slightly higher risks of autism spectrum disorder in children with labor epidural analgesia exposure than those without (hazard ratio?=?1.11, 95% confidence interval: 1.06-1.16, I2?=?67%, seven studies, level of evidence: very low). Consistent findings were found in subgroup analysis focusing on sibling data (hazard ratio: 1.10, 95% confidence interval: 1.02-1.18, I2?=?0%, five studies) and children delivered vaginally (hazard ratio: 1.11, 95% confidence interval: 1.06-1.17, I2?=?64%, seven studies). The tendency of an increased risk of autism spectrum disorder in children exposed to labor epidural analgesia <4?h was not observed in those exposed to labor epidural analgesia >8?h (two studies). Although our results demonstrated a slightly increased risk of autism spectrum disorder in offspring with previous labor epidural analgesia exposure, the small effect size and lack of cumulative dose-response effect precluded tangible evidence supporting the association. Lay abstract A previous meta-analysis has demonstrated a superior analgesic efficacy of epidural analgesia (e.g. labor epidural analgesia) in comparison with non-epidural approaches. The widely accepted safety of labor epidural analgesia also endorses its current popularity in obstetric practice. However, the results of a recent large-scale longitudinal study that demonstrated a significant increase in risk of autism spectrum disorder in offspring from mothers with labor epidural analgesia exposure have raised some concerns over the safety of its use. The current meta-analysis aimed at examining the strength of evidence regarding this issue based on updated clinical data. Through systematically reviewing seven eligible observational studies involving 4,021,406 children from electronic databases, our results showed a slight but statistically significant increase in risk of autism spectrum disorder in children with exposure to labor epidural analgesia compared with those without. The finding was consistent in subgroup analysis focusing on siblings and children delivered vaginally. Nevertheless, despite the tendency of an increased risk of autism spectrum disorder in children exposed to labor epidural analgesia <4 h, this effect was not observed in those exposed to labor epidural analgesia >8 h (data from two studies). In conclusion, the level of evidence linking labor epidural analgesia to autism spectrum disorder development in offspring was very low based on the latest data because of the small effect size and the finding of a lack of cumulative dose-response effect in the current analysis. Further studies are warranted to provide an insight into this issue. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221138690 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507 [article] Association of labor epidural analgesia exposure with long-term risk of autism spectrum disorder in offspring: A meta-analysis of observational studies [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kuo-Chuan HUNG, Auteur ; Jen-Yin CHEN, Auteur ; Chung-Hsi HSING, Auteur ; Chih-Wei HSU, Auteur ; Ping-Hsin LIU, Auteur ; Ying-Jen CHANG, Auteur ; Jui-Yi CHEN, Auteur ; Sheng-Fu CHIU, Auteur ; Cheuk-Kwan SUN, Auteur . - p.1177-1189. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 27-5 (July 2023) . - p.1177-1189 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder;labor epidural analgesia;meta-analysis;offspring Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : To investigate the association between labor epidural analgesia exposure and the risk of autism spectrum disorder in offspring, this meta-analysis reviewed relevant literature from Medline, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and EMBASE databases from inception to May 2022 to evaluate the overall adjusted risk of autism spectrum disorder in offspring (primary outcome) and adjusted risks of autism spectrum disorder focusing on sibling-matched data, children who were delivered vaginally, and duration of labor epidural analgesia exposure (secondary outcomes). Pooled results of seven eligible observational studies involving 4,021,406 children revealed slightly higher risks of autism spectrum disorder in children with labor epidural analgesia exposure than those without (hazard ratio?=?1.11, 95% confidence interval: 1.06-1.16, I2?=?67%, seven studies, level of evidence: very low). Consistent findings were found in subgroup analysis focusing on sibling data (hazard ratio: 1.10, 95% confidence interval: 1.02-1.18, I2?=?0%, five studies) and children delivered vaginally (hazard ratio: 1.11, 95% confidence interval: 1.06-1.17, I2?=?64%, seven studies). The tendency of an increased risk of autism spectrum disorder in children exposed to labor epidural analgesia <4?h was not observed in those exposed to labor epidural analgesia >8?h (two studies). Although our results demonstrated a slightly increased risk of autism spectrum disorder in offspring with previous labor epidural analgesia exposure, the small effect size and lack of cumulative dose-response effect precluded tangible evidence supporting the association. Lay abstract A previous meta-analysis has demonstrated a superior analgesic efficacy of epidural analgesia (e.g. labor epidural analgesia) in comparison with non-epidural approaches. The widely accepted safety of labor epidural analgesia also endorses its current popularity in obstetric practice. However, the results of a recent large-scale longitudinal study that demonstrated a significant increase in risk of autism spectrum disorder in offspring from mothers with labor epidural analgesia exposure have raised some concerns over the safety of its use. The current meta-analysis aimed at examining the strength of evidence regarding this issue based on updated clinical data. Through systematically reviewing seven eligible observational studies involving 4,021,406 children from electronic databases, our results showed a slight but statistically significant increase in risk of autism spectrum disorder in children with exposure to labor epidural analgesia compared with those without. The finding was consistent in subgroup analysis focusing on siblings and children delivered vaginally. Nevertheless, despite the tendency of an increased risk of autism spectrum disorder in children exposed to labor epidural analgesia <4 h, this effect was not observed in those exposed to labor epidural analgesia >8 h (data from two studies). In conclusion, the level of evidence linking labor epidural analgesia to autism spectrum disorder development in offspring was very low based on the latest data because of the small effect size and the finding of a lack of cumulative dose-response effect in the current analysis. Further studies are warranted to provide an insight into this issue. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221138690 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507

Diversifying autism neuroimaging research: An arterial spin labeling review / Laust V. KNUDSEN in Autism, 27-5 (July 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 27-5 (July 2023) . - p.1190-1203 Titre : Diversifying autism neuroimaging research: An arterial spin labeling review Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Laust V. KNUDSEN, Auteur ; Abigail J. SHELDRICK, Auteur ; Manouchehr S. VAFAEE, Auteur ; Tanja Maria MICHEL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1190-1203 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : arterial spin labeling;autism;autism spectrum disorder;cerebral blood flow;magnetic resonance imaging Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Cognition and brain homeostasis depends on cerebral blood flow to secure adequate oxygen and nutrient distribution to the brain tissue. Altered cerebral blood flow has previously been reported in individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum condition in comparison to non-autistics. This phenomenon might suggest cerebral blood flow as a potential biomarker for autism spectrum condition. Major technological advancement enables the non-invasive and quantitative measurement of cerebral blood flow via arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging. However, most neuroimaging studies in autistic individuals exploit the indirect blood oxygen level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging signal instead. Therefore, this review examines the use of arterial spin labeling to further investigate the neurobiology of the autism spectrum condition. Followed by a comparison of results from molecular imaging and arterial spin labeling studies and a discussion concerning the future direction and potential of arterial spin labeling in this context. We found that arterial spin labeling study results are consistent with those of molecular imaging, especially after considering the effect of age and sex. Arterial spin labeling has numerous application possibilities besides the quantification of cerebral blood flow, including assessment of functional connectivity and arterial transit time. Therefore, we encourage researchers to explore and consider the application of arterial spin labeling for future scientific studies in the quest to better understand the neurobiology of autism spectrum condition. Lay abstract Brain function and health depend on cerebral blood flow to secure the necessary delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the brain tissue. However, cerebral blood flow appears to be altered in autistic compared to non-autistic individuals, potentially suggesting this difference to be a cause and potential identification point of autism. Recent technological development enables precise and non-invasive measurement of cerebral blood flow via the magnetic resonance imaging method referred to as arterial spin labeling. However, most neuroimaging studies still prefer using the physiologically indirect measure derived from functional magnetic resonance imaging. Therefore, this review examines the use of arterial spin labeling to further investigate the neurobiology of autism. Furthermore, the review includes a comparison of results from molecular imaging and arterial spin labeling followed by a discussion concerning the future direction and potential of arterial spin labeling. We found that arterial spin labeling study results are consistent with those of molecular imaging, especially after considering the effect of age and sex. In addition, arterial spin labeling has numerous application possibilities besides the quantification of cerebral blood flow. Therefore, we encourage researchers to explore and consider the application of arterial spin labeling for future scientific studies in the quest to better understand the neurobiology of autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221137230 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507 [article] Diversifying autism neuroimaging research: An arterial spin labeling review [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Laust V. KNUDSEN, Auteur ; Abigail J. SHELDRICK, Auteur ; Manouchehr S. VAFAEE, Auteur ; Tanja Maria MICHEL, Auteur . - p.1190-1203. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 27-5 (July 2023) . - p.1190-1203 Mots-clés : arterial spin labeling;autism;autism spectrum disorder;cerebral blood flow;magnetic resonance imaging Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Cognition and brain homeostasis depends on cerebral blood flow to secure adequate oxygen and nutrient distribution to the brain tissue. Altered cerebral blood flow has previously been reported in individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum condition in comparison to non-autistics. This phenomenon might suggest cerebral blood flow as a potential biomarker for autism spectrum condition. Major technological advancement enables the non-invasive and quantitative measurement of cerebral blood flow via arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging. However, most neuroimaging studies in autistic individuals exploit the indirect blood oxygen level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging signal instead. Therefore, this review examines the use of arterial spin labeling to further investigate the neurobiology of the autism spectrum condition. Followed by a comparison of results from molecular imaging and arterial spin labeling studies and a discussion concerning the future direction and potential of arterial spin labeling in this context. We found that arterial spin labeling study results are consistent with those of molecular imaging, especially after considering the effect of age and sex. Arterial spin labeling has numerous application possibilities besides the quantification of cerebral blood flow, including assessment of functional connectivity and arterial transit time. Therefore, we encourage researchers to explore and consider the application of arterial spin labeling for future scientific studies in the quest to better understand the neurobiology of autism spectrum condition. Lay abstract Brain function and health depend on cerebral blood flow to secure the necessary delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the brain tissue. However, cerebral blood flow appears to be altered in autistic compared to non-autistic individuals, potentially suggesting this difference to be a cause and potential identification point of autism. Recent technological development enables precise and non-invasive measurement of cerebral blood flow via the magnetic resonance imaging method referred to as arterial spin labeling. However, most neuroimaging studies still prefer using the physiologically indirect measure derived from functional magnetic resonance imaging. Therefore, this review examines the use of arterial spin labeling to further investigate the neurobiology of autism. Furthermore, the review includes a comparison of results from molecular imaging and arterial spin labeling followed by a discussion concerning the future direction and potential of arterial spin labeling. We found that arterial spin labeling study results are consistent with those of molecular imaging, especially after considering the effect of age and sex. In addition, arterial spin labeling has numerous application possibilities besides the quantification of cerebral blood flow. Therefore, we encourage researchers to explore and consider the application of arterial spin labeling for future scientific studies in the quest to better understand the neurobiology of autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221137230 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507

Toward feeling, understanding, and caring: The development of empathy in young autistic children / Boya LI in Autism, 27-5 (July 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 27-5 (July 2023) . - p.1204-1218 Titre : Toward feeling, understanding, and caring: The development of empathy in young autistic children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Boya LI, Auteur ; Els BLIJD-HOOGEWYS, Auteur ; Lex STOCKMANN, Auteur ; Ilaria VERGARI, Auteur ; Carolien RIEFFE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1204-1218 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : attention;autism spectrum disorders;early childhood;emotion acknowledgment;emotion contagion;empathy development;longitudinal;prosocial action Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic people are often portrayed as lacking empathy. Yet they are not indifferent to others' feelings. To advance our understanding of the early development of empathy in autistic children, this longitudinal study followed the development of four empathy abilities: emotion contagion, attention to others, emotion acknowledgment, and prosocial actions, in 1- to 6-year-old autistic children (N?=?61; Mage?=?55.49?months), in comparison with non-autistic peers (N?=?145; Mage?=?52.16?months). Once a year, for 4 consecutive years, children?s empathic reactions were evaluated by experimenters who acted out emotional episodes to elicit empathy in children, and by parents who filled out empathy questionnaires. We confirmed autistic children?s difficulty attending to others, acknowledging others' emotions, and initiating prosocial actions. However, according to parents, they did not differ from non-autistic children in emotion contagion with others' negative emotions. Notably, autistic children showed a greater increase in prosocial actions over time than their non-autistic peers. We discussed how to interpret these findings in light of the "double empathy problem," and stressed the importance of removing the stereotypical view of autism. Furthermore, this study was among the first to show that autistic children have the potential to learn and to improve empathy skills. Lay abstract Empathy is a highly valued human capacity. Yet, autistic people are often portrayed as lacking in empathy. Recent research, which views empathy as a complex construct emerging from multiple interrelated emotional and cognitive processes, argues that, although many autistic people do have difficulty understanding others' emotions, and this may hinder them from responding to others in a prosocial manner, they are not indifferent to other people?s feelings. Hoping to contribute to a better understanding of the unique challenges that autistic children face in their empathy development, we followed the development of four empathy abilities: emotion contagion, attention to others, emotion acknowledgment, and prosocial actions, in 1- to 6-year-old autistic children, in comparison with non-autistic children. Once a year, for 4 consecutive years, children?s empathy abilities were evaluated by experimenters who acted out emotional episodes to provoke empathy in children, and by parents who filled out empathy questionnaires. We found that autistic children experienced indeed more difficulty attending to others, acknowledging others' emotions, and initiating prosocial actions toward others. However, according to parents, they did not differ from their non-autistic peers in feeling along with others' negative emotions. This indicates that it might not be the case that autistic children did not want to act empathetically toward others. Rather, they might not know how to do so. Notably, despite these difficulties, when looking at children?s developmental trajectories, autistic children showed similar improvements over time as non-autistic children. This provides evidence that autistic children have the potential to learn and to improve their empathy skills. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221117955 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507 [article] Toward feeling, understanding, and caring: The development of empathy in young autistic children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Boya LI, Auteur ; Els BLIJD-HOOGEWYS, Auteur ; Lex STOCKMANN, Auteur ; Ilaria VERGARI, Auteur ; Carolien RIEFFE, Auteur . - p.1204-1218. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 27-5 (July 2023) . - p.1204-1218 Mots-clés : attention;autism spectrum disorders;early childhood;emotion acknowledgment;emotion contagion;empathy development;longitudinal;prosocial action Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic people are often portrayed as lacking empathy. Yet they are not indifferent to others' feelings. To advance our understanding of the early development of empathy in autistic children, this longitudinal study followed the development of four empathy abilities: emotion contagion, attention to others, emotion acknowledgment, and prosocial actions, in 1- to 6-year-old autistic children (N?=?61; Mage?=?55.49?months), in comparison with non-autistic peers (N?=?145; Mage?=?52.16?months). Once a year, for 4 consecutive years, children?s empathic reactions were evaluated by experimenters who acted out emotional episodes to elicit empathy in children, and by parents who filled out empathy questionnaires. We confirmed autistic children?s difficulty attending to others, acknowledging others' emotions, and initiating prosocial actions. However, according to parents, they did not differ from non-autistic children in emotion contagion with others' negative emotions. Notably, autistic children showed a greater increase in prosocial actions over time than their non-autistic peers. We discussed how to interpret these findings in light of the "double empathy problem," and stressed the importance of removing the stereotypical view of autism. Furthermore, this study was among the first to show that autistic children have the potential to learn and to improve empathy skills. Lay abstract Empathy is a highly valued human capacity. Yet, autistic people are often portrayed as lacking in empathy. Recent research, which views empathy as a complex construct emerging from multiple interrelated emotional and cognitive processes, argues that, although many autistic people do have difficulty understanding others' emotions, and this may hinder them from responding to others in a prosocial manner, they are not indifferent to other people?s feelings. Hoping to contribute to a better understanding of the unique challenges that autistic children face in their empathy development, we followed the development of four empathy abilities: emotion contagion, attention to others, emotion acknowledgment, and prosocial actions, in 1- to 6-year-old autistic children, in comparison with non-autistic children. Once a year, for 4 consecutive years, children?s empathy abilities were evaluated by experimenters who acted out emotional episodes to provoke empathy in children, and by parents who filled out empathy questionnaires. We found that autistic children experienced indeed more difficulty attending to others, acknowledging others' emotions, and initiating prosocial actions toward others. However, according to parents, they did not differ from their non-autistic peers in feeling along with others' negative emotions. This indicates that it might not be the case that autistic children did not want to act empathetically toward others. Rather, they might not know how to do so. Notably, despite these difficulties, when looking at children?s developmental trajectories, autistic children showed similar improvements over time as non-autistic children. This provides evidence that autistic children have the potential to learn and to improve their empathy skills. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221117955 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507

Autism-friendly public bus transport: A personal experience-based perspective / Hélène DIRIX in Autism, 27-5 (July 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 27-5 (July 2023) . - p.1219-1234 Titre : Autism-friendly public bus transport: A personal experience-based perspective Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Hélène DIRIX, Auteur ; Veerle ROSS, Auteur ; Kris BRIJS, Auteur ; Laura BERTELS, Auteur ; Wael ALHAJYASEEN, Auteur ; Tom BRIJS, Auteur ; Geert WETS, Auteur ; Annemie SPOOREN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1219-1234 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : accessibility;autism spectrum disorder;autism-friendly;bus transport;experiences;Flanders;hermeneutic phenomenology;inclusive;interpretative phenomenological analysis;public transport;semistructured interview Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Community participation and the formation of social networks are crucial for a qualitative life. To this end, transportation plays an essential role. Many autistic people rely on public transportation for their mobility needs. However, research shows that it is not always easy for them to use it. The issues they face when using public bus transport have not yet been thoroughly studied. The current case study in Flanders aimed to give autistic people the opportunity to express the issues they face while using public bus transportation. A qualitative hermeneutic phenomenological study was carried out. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 17 autistic individuals. The interviews were analyzed based on the interpretative phenomenological analysis method. Three main themes emerged: creating predictability, limiting stimuli, and open and accessible communication. In addition, various coping strategies were described, such as the use of noise-canceling headphones. The results of this study may lead to a more autism-friendly public transportation environment. Lay Abstract Transportation plays an essential role in daily life, allowing people to participate in the community and form social relationships. Many autistic people rely on public transportation to meet their mobility needs. However, research shows that it is not always easy for them to use it. The exact issues autistic individuals face when traveling with public transportation and how public transportation can be made more autism-friendly have yet to be researched. The current study allowed autistic individuals to express themselves regarding issues they face while traveling by public bus transportation, to raise awareness for making public transportation more autism-friendly. We interviewed 17 autistic individuals about their experiences riding the bus. Three main themes emerged from the results: creating predictability, limiting stimuli, and open and accessible communication. If transport companies take initiatives related to these themes, autistic people traveling by bus can have a more pleasant experience. Participants also described coping strategies for stressful or uncomfortable situations while using public bus transportation, such as using noise-cancelling headphones or digital applications for real-time route tracking, etc. These findings may lead to a more autism-friendly public transportation. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221132106 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507 [article] Autism-friendly public bus transport: A personal experience-based perspective [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Hélène DIRIX, Auteur ; Veerle ROSS, Auteur ; Kris BRIJS, Auteur ; Laura BERTELS, Auteur ; Wael ALHAJYASEEN, Auteur ; Tom BRIJS, Auteur ; Geert WETS, Auteur ; Annemie SPOOREN, Auteur . - p.1219-1234. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 27-5 (July 2023) . - p.1219-1234 Mots-clés : accessibility;autism spectrum disorder;autism-friendly;bus transport;experiences;Flanders;hermeneutic phenomenology;inclusive;interpretative phenomenological analysis;public transport;semistructured interview Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Community participation and the formation of social networks are crucial for a qualitative life. To this end, transportation plays an essential role. Many autistic people rely on public transportation for their mobility needs. However, research shows that it is not always easy for them to use it. The issues they face when using public bus transport have not yet been thoroughly studied. The current case study in Flanders aimed to give autistic people the opportunity to express the issues they face while using public bus transportation. A qualitative hermeneutic phenomenological study was carried out. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 17 autistic individuals. The interviews were analyzed based on the interpretative phenomenological analysis method. Three main themes emerged: creating predictability, limiting stimuli, and open and accessible communication. In addition, various coping strategies were described, such as the use of noise-canceling headphones. The results of this study may lead to a more autism-friendly public transportation environment. Lay Abstract Transportation plays an essential role in daily life, allowing people to participate in the community and form social relationships. Many autistic people rely on public transportation to meet their mobility needs. However, research shows that it is not always easy for them to use it. The exact issues autistic individuals face when traveling with public transportation and how public transportation can be made more autism-friendly have yet to be researched. The current study allowed autistic individuals to express themselves regarding issues they face while traveling by public bus transportation, to raise awareness for making public transportation more autism-friendly. We interviewed 17 autistic individuals about their experiences riding the bus. Three main themes emerged from the results: creating predictability, limiting stimuli, and open and accessible communication. If transport companies take initiatives related to these themes, autistic people traveling by bus can have a more pleasant experience. Participants also described coping strategies for stressful or uncomfortable situations while using public bus transportation, such as using noise-cancelling headphones or digital applications for real-time route tracking, etc. These findings may lead to a more autism-friendly public transportation. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221132106 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507

Cutting our own keys: New possibilities of neurodivergent storying in research / Hanna BERTILSDOTTER ROSQVIST in Autism, 27-5 (July 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 27-5 (July 2023) . - p.1235-1244 Titre : Cutting our own keys: New possibilities of neurodivergent storying in research Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Hanna BERTILSDOTTER ROSQVIST, Auteur ; Monique BOTHA, Auteur ; Kristien HENS, Auteur ; Sarinah O?DONOGHUE, Auteur ; Amy PEARSON, Auteur ; Anna STENNING, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1235-1244 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autoethnography;cross-neurotype communication;neurodivergent storying;neuromixed academia;non-autistic-storying Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Increasingly, neurodivergent people are sharing their own narratives and conducting their own research. Prominent individuals have integrated the "nothing about us without us" slogan, used by neurodivergent and other disabled social activists, into academia. This article imagines a neuromixed academia. We consider how to work through challenges present in neuromixed encounters; to support cross-neurotype communication and pave the way for an ethos of community and collaboration. We explore how we might create a space in which neurodivergent experiences are seen as just one part of our complex and multifaceted identities. We do this through the process of "cutting our own keys", to try out new possibilities of neurodivergent storying aimed at finding ourselves in our own stories about neurodivergence. This involves borrowing and developing methodological approaches formulated outside of research on different forms of neurodivergence, and to invent our own concepts based on our own embodied experiences and the social worlds we inhabit. Throughout, we mingle our own autoethnographic accounts in relation to research accounts and theories, as a way of illustrating the work with the text as a thinking about neurodivergence with each other in itself. Lay abstract A lot of people who do research are also neurodivergent (such as being autistic or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder), but neurodivergent people do not always feel welcome in research spaces which are often shaped around neurotypical people. Some neurotypical researchers lack confidence in talking to neurodivergent people, and others feel like neurodivergent people might not be able to do good research about other people who are like them without being biased. We think it is important that all researchers are able to work well together, regardless of whether they are neurotypical, autistic, or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (or any other neurotype) - in truly "neurodiverse" teams. In this article we talk about how to create better spaces for all researchers, where we feel valued for who we are and take each others' needs into account. We do this using some approaches from other areas of research and talking about how they relate to our personal experiences of being neurodivergent researchers with our own personal stories. This article adds to a growing work on how we can work with people who are different from us, in more respectful and kind ways. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221132107 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507 [article] Cutting our own keys: New possibilities of neurodivergent storying in research [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Hanna BERTILSDOTTER ROSQVIST, Auteur ; Monique BOTHA, Auteur ; Kristien HENS, Auteur ; Sarinah O?DONOGHUE, Auteur ; Amy PEARSON, Auteur ; Anna STENNING, Auteur . - p.1235-1244. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 27-5 (July 2023) . - p.1235-1244 Mots-clés : autoethnography;cross-neurotype communication;neurodivergent storying;neuromixed academia;non-autistic-storying Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Increasingly, neurodivergent people are sharing their own narratives and conducting their own research. Prominent individuals have integrated the "nothing about us without us" slogan, used by neurodivergent and other disabled social activists, into academia. This article imagines a neuromixed academia. We consider how to work through challenges present in neuromixed encounters; to support cross-neurotype communication and pave the way for an ethos of community and collaboration. We explore how we might create a space in which neurodivergent experiences are seen as just one part of our complex and multifaceted identities. We do this through the process of "cutting our own keys", to try out new possibilities of neurodivergent storying aimed at finding ourselves in our own stories about neurodivergence. This involves borrowing and developing methodological approaches formulated outside of research on different forms of neurodivergence, and to invent our own concepts based on our own embodied experiences and the social worlds we inhabit. Throughout, we mingle our own autoethnographic accounts in relation to research accounts and theories, as a way of illustrating the work with the text as a thinking about neurodivergence with each other in itself. Lay abstract A lot of people who do research are also neurodivergent (such as being autistic or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder), but neurodivergent people do not always feel welcome in research spaces which are often shaped around neurotypical people. Some neurotypical researchers lack confidence in talking to neurodivergent people, and others feel like neurodivergent people might not be able to do good research about other people who are like them without being biased. We think it is important that all researchers are able to work well together, regardless of whether they are neurotypical, autistic, or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (or any other neurotype) - in truly "neurodiverse" teams. In this article we talk about how to create better spaces for all researchers, where we feel valued for who we are and take each others' needs into account. We do this using some approaches from other areas of research and talking about how they relate to our personal experiences of being neurodivergent researchers with our own personal stories. This article adds to a growing work on how we can work with people who are different from us, in more respectful and kind ways. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221132107 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507

Thinking, fast and slow on the autism spectrum / Mark BROSNAN in Autism, 27-5 (July 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 27-5 (July 2023) . - p.1245-1255 Titre : Thinking, fast and slow on the autism spectrum Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Mark BROSNAN, Auteur ; Chris ASHWIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1245-1255 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : cognition (attention  learning  memory);deliberation;intuition;psychological theories of autism;reasoning;thinking Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The Dual Process Theory of Autism proposes that autistic individuals demonstrate greater deliberative (slower) processing alongside reduced (faster) intuitive processing. This study manipulated the reasoning time available to investigate the extent to which deliberative and intuitive processing are sensitive to time context in autism. A total of 74 young autistic people and 132 control participants completed the Cognitive Reflection Test to measure intuition and deliberation, with responses being either speeded (fast condition) or delayed (slow condition). The autistic group produced more deliberative and less intuitive responses than controls overall. Both groups showed more intuitive responses in the fast condition and more deliberative responses in the slow condition, demonstrating the reasoning style in autism is sensitive to context. Lay abstract What is already known about the topic Daniel Kahneman wrote a highly influential book titled "thinking, fast and slow". He proposes that people usually think in a rapid, automatic, intuitive style. When people realise their intuitive thinking may be wrong, a slower, effortful, deliberative style of thinking takes over. It has recently been proposed that thinking in autistic individuals can be characterised as usually thinking in the deliberative style (rather than the intuitive style that non-autistic people usually think in). What this paper adds As intuitive thinking is fast and deliberative thinking is slow, this research manipulated the time available to complete a series of reasoning questions. These questions have been developed to have intuitive answers (which are incorrect) and deliberative answers (which are correct). For the first time, a fast time manipulation (you must answer quickly) and slow (you must think about your answer before responding) was undertaken with autistic individuals. Autistic participants did produce more deliberative answers than the non-autistic participants. However, both groups produced comparably more intuitive answers and less deliberative answers in the fast condition. This shows that while autistic people tend not to use their intuition, autistic people can be encouraged to use their intuition. Implications for practice, research or policy Using rapid intuition can be useful in fast-changing contexts, such as some social situations. Future research can explore how to support autistic individuals to use their intuition when the need arises. In addition, the propensity for deliberation resulting in unbiased, correct responses reflects a strengths-based account of autism. This requires more mental effort and is less susceptible to bias and errors. This is called "Dual Process Theory". En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221132437 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507 [article] Thinking, fast and slow on the autism spectrum [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Mark BROSNAN, Auteur ; Chris ASHWIN, Auteur . - p.1245-1255. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 27-5 (July 2023) . - p.1245-1255 Mots-clés : cognition (attention  learning  memory);deliberation;intuition;psychological theories of autism;reasoning;thinking Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The Dual Process Theory of Autism proposes that autistic individuals demonstrate greater deliberative (slower) processing alongside reduced (faster) intuitive processing. This study manipulated the reasoning time available to investigate the extent to which deliberative and intuitive processing are sensitive to time context in autism. A total of 74 young autistic people and 132 control participants completed the Cognitive Reflection Test to measure intuition and deliberation, with responses being either speeded (fast condition) or delayed (slow condition). The autistic group produced more deliberative and less intuitive responses than controls overall. Both groups showed more intuitive responses in the fast condition and more deliberative responses in the slow condition, demonstrating the reasoning style in autism is sensitive to context. Lay abstract What is already known about the topic Daniel Kahneman wrote a highly influential book titled "thinking, fast and slow". He proposes that people usually think in a rapid, automatic, intuitive style. When people realise their intuitive thinking may be wrong, a slower, effortful, deliberative style of thinking takes over. It has recently been proposed that thinking in autistic individuals can be characterised as usually thinking in the deliberative style (rather than the intuitive style that non-autistic people usually think in). What this paper adds As intuitive thinking is fast and deliberative thinking is slow, this research manipulated the time available to complete a series of reasoning questions. These questions have been developed to have intuitive answers (which are incorrect) and deliberative answers (which are correct). For the first time, a fast time manipulation (you must answer quickly) and slow (you must think about your answer before responding) was undertaken with autistic individuals. Autistic participants did produce more deliberative answers than the non-autistic participants. However, both groups produced comparably more intuitive answers and less deliberative answers in the fast condition. This shows that while autistic people tend not to use their intuition, autistic people can be encouraged to use their intuition. Implications for practice, research or policy Using rapid intuition can be useful in fast-changing contexts, such as some social situations. Future research can explore how to support autistic individuals to use their intuition when the need arises. In addition, the propensity for deliberation resulting in unbiased, correct responses reflects a strengths-based account of autism. This requires more mental effort and is less susceptible to bias and errors. This is called "Dual Process Theory". En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221132437 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507

The indirect effect of self-compassion in the association between autistic traits and anxiety/depression: A cross-sectional study in autistic and non-autistic adults / John GALVIN in Autism, 27-5 (July 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 27-5 (July 2023) . - p.1256-1270 Titre : The indirect effect of self-compassion in the association between autistic traits and anxiety/depression: A cross-sectional study in autistic and non-autistic adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : John GALVIN, Auteur ; Gareth RICHARDS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1256-1270 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : anxiety;autism;autism spectrum disorders;autistic traits;depression;self-compassion Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study followed a pre-registered analysis plan with the aim to investigate whether autistic traits and self-compassion are correlated in autistic adults, and to test an indirect effect of autistic traits on anxiety/depression via self-compassion. We present the findings of an online survey of 456 participants (n?=?228 autistic adults, n?=?228 non-autistic adults) who completed the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ), the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Lower self-compassion was reported by autistic participants compared to non-autistic participants, and a negative correlation was found between autistic traits and self-compassion in both groups. Furthermore, an indirect association between autistic traits and anxiety/depression via self-compassion was observed in both samples. Considering that many autistic people experience co-occurring anxiety and depression, and that self-compassion is a skill that can be cultivated with practice, the findings of this study suggest that self-compassion may be a modifiable factor that could improve the mental health of this population. Lay abstract Previous research on non-autistic adults suggests self-compassion may serve to reduce mental health problems and promote psychological well-being. Correlations between autistic traits and self-compassion have been observed in non-clinical populations. In this study, we were interested in extending previous research by exploring relationships between autistic traits, self-compassion and anxiety/depression in autistic adults without intellectual disability. The findings revealed that on average autistic people reported lower self-compassion than non-autistic people. Once we accounted for levels of self-compassion in our statistical model, this resulted in a complete loss of statistical significance in the relationships between autistic traits and anxiety/depression. Self-compassion may be a useful target for clinical intervention in autistic adults with co-occurring mental health difficulties. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221132109 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507 [article] The indirect effect of self-compassion in the association between autistic traits and anxiety/depression: A cross-sectional study in autistic and non-autistic adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / John GALVIN, Auteur ; Gareth RICHARDS, Auteur . - p.1256-1270. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 27-5 (July 2023) . - p.1256-1270 Mots-clés : anxiety;autism;autism spectrum disorders;autistic traits;depression;self-compassion Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study followed a pre-registered analysis plan with the aim to investigate whether autistic traits and self-compassion are correlated in autistic adults, and to test an indirect effect of autistic traits on anxiety/depression via self-compassion. We present the findings of an online survey of 456 participants (n?=?228 autistic adults, n?=?228 non-autistic adults) who completed the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ), the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Lower self-compassion was reported by autistic participants compared to non-autistic participants, and a negative correlation was found between autistic traits and self-compassion in both groups. Furthermore, an indirect association between autistic traits and anxiety/depression via self-compassion was observed in both samples. Considering that many autistic people experience co-occurring anxiety and depression, and that self-compassion is a skill that can be cultivated with practice, the findings of this study suggest that self-compassion may be a modifiable factor that could improve the mental health of this population. Lay abstract Previous research on non-autistic adults suggests self-compassion may serve to reduce mental health problems and promote psychological well-being. Correlations between autistic traits and self-compassion have been observed in non-clinical populations. In this study, we were interested in extending previous research by exploring relationships between autistic traits, self-compassion and anxiety/depression in autistic adults without intellectual disability. The findings revealed that on average autistic people reported lower self-compassion than non-autistic people. Once we accounted for levels of self-compassion in our statistical model, this resulted in a complete loss of statistical significance in the relationships between autistic traits and anxiety/depression. Self-compassion may be a useful target for clinical intervention in autistic adults with co-occurring mental health difficulties. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221132109 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507

A qualitative exploration of autistic mothers' experiences I: Pregnancy experiences / Sarah HAMPTON in Autism, 27-5 (July 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 27-5 (July 2023) . - p.1271-1282 Titre : A qualitative exploration of autistic mothers' experiences I: Pregnancy experiences Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sarah HAMPTON, Auteur ; Joyce MAN, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Ezra AYDIN, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Rosemary HOLT, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1271-1282 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism;healthcare;maternity;motherhood;parenting;pregnancy;sensory processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Pregnancy may pose a number of physical and healthcare-related challenges for autistic people, who experience differences in sensory processing and can face barriers to accessing healthcare. However, little research has explored autistic pregnancy experiences. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 autistic and 21 non-autistic women during the third trimester of pregnancy. Thematic analysis revealed that the autistic group experienced heightened sensory and physical symptoms during pregnancy compared with the non-autistic group. Autistic participants were sometimes reluctant to disclose their diagnosis to healthcare professionals and felt that professionals lacked autism knowledge. While both groups appreciated clear information about their care, autistic participants further highlighted the need for detailed information and being given time to process verbal information. The autistic group also highlighted the need for sensory adjustments in healthcare settings. The findings indicate ways in which prenatal healthcare can be improved for autistic people, including sensory and communication adjustments. There is a need for greater autism-related training for prenatal healthcare professionals to ensure that autistic people receive appropriate support. Lay abstract Little is known about how autistic people experience pregnancy. We interviewed 24 autistic and 21 non-autistic women during pregnancy to find out about their experiences. Autistic participants had more physical difficulties, such as nausea and pain, during pregnancy than non-autistic participants. They also sometimes felt that healthcare professionals, such as midwives, did not have a good understanding of autism and they did not always feel comfortable telling professionals about their autism diagnosis. Autistic participants told us that they needed professionals to communicate with them clearly and to make changes during appointments such as dimming lights. This research shows that autistic people would benefit from changes to pregnancy appointments and that more training about autism would help maternity care professionals to support autistic people during pregnancy. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221132435 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507 [article] A qualitative exploration of autistic mothers' experiences I: Pregnancy experiences [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sarah HAMPTON, Auteur ; Joyce MAN, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Ezra AYDIN, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Rosemary HOLT, Auteur . - p.1271-1282. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 27-5 (July 2023) . - p.1271-1282 Mots-clés : autism;healthcare;maternity;motherhood;parenting;pregnancy;sensory processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Pregnancy may pose a number of physical and healthcare-related challenges for autistic people, who experience differences in sensory processing and can face barriers to accessing healthcare. However, little research has explored autistic pregnancy experiences. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 autistic and 21 non-autistic women during the third trimester of pregnancy. Thematic analysis revealed that the autistic group experienced heightened sensory and physical symptoms during pregnancy compared with the non-autistic group. Autistic participants were sometimes reluctant to disclose their diagnosis to healthcare professionals and felt that professionals lacked autism knowledge. While both groups appreciated clear information about their care, autistic participants further highlighted the need for detailed information and being given time to process verbal information. The autistic group also highlighted the need for sensory adjustments in healthcare settings. The findings indicate ways in which prenatal healthcare can be improved for autistic people, including sensory and communication adjustments. There is a need for greater autism-related training for prenatal healthcare professionals to ensure that autistic people receive appropriate support. Lay abstract Little is known about how autistic people experience pregnancy. We interviewed 24 autistic and 21 non-autistic women during pregnancy to find out about their experiences. Autistic participants had more physical difficulties, such as nausea and pain, during pregnancy than non-autistic participants. They also sometimes felt that healthcare professionals, such as midwives, did not have a good understanding of autism and they did not always feel comfortable telling professionals about their autism diagnosis. Autistic participants told us that they needed professionals to communicate with them clearly and to make changes during appointments such as dimming lights. This research shows that autistic people would benefit from changes to pregnancy appointments and that more training about autism would help maternity care professionals to support autistic people during pregnancy. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221132435 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507

Socioeconomic factors and autism among 16- to 30-month-old children: Evidence from a national survey of China / Muqing CAO in Autism, 27-5 (July 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 27-5 (July 2023) . - p.1283-1294 Titre : Socioeconomic factors and autism among 16- to 30-month-old children: Evidence from a national survey of China Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Muqing CAO, Auteur ; Li LI, Auteur ; Hein RAAT, Auteur ; Amy VAN GRIEKEN, Auteur ; Xin WANG, Auteur ; Lizi LIN, Auteur ; Qiang CHEN, Auteur ; Jin JING, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1283-1294 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism;socioeconomic factors;toddlers Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We examined the association of socioeconomic status with the diagnosis of autism during 16-30?months of age. Using data from a national survey in China, we included 6049 children (55.6% male) in the final analysis, among which 71 of them were clinically diagnosed with autism. Adjusted for covariates, the odds ratios for having the diagnosis of autism (2.46, 95% confidence interval: [1.32, 4.59]) among children whose mother?s level is "junior middle school or below" were significantly higher than children whose mother?s level is "college or above." Among children of lower educated mothers, there is a higher risk of being diagnosed with autism at a young age. We recommend more support for families with a low socioeconomic status to early detect, diagnose, and manage autism. Lay abstract Does being born in a family of high socioeconomic status mean a higher risk of being diagnosed with autism? The evidence from the Asian area is lacking. This research was conducted among 6049 toddlers who went through an evaluation-diagnose procedure of autism and whose parents were surveyed during the national survey of China, 2016-2017. Parents reported their education levels, occupations, family income, and ethnic background. We recruited the toddlers and parents from kindergartens, communities, and hospitals in five geographically representative areas of China. On average, these toddlers were 23?months of age. We found toddlers whose mothers had less than 9?years of education (junior middle school or below) had 2.46 times the chance to get a diagnosis of autism, compared with toddlers whose mothers had more than 15?years of education (college or above). We also found that 1.17 toddlers could be diagnosed with autism in each 100 Chinese toddlers. These findings have important implications for providing support to families that have low socioeconomic status, especially families with a mother who did not complete 9?years of education. Early detection programs focused on children from low socioeconomic backgrounds should be promoted. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221132743 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507 [article] Socioeconomic factors and autism among 16- to 30-month-old children: Evidence from a national survey of China [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Muqing CAO, Auteur ; Li LI, Auteur ; Hein RAAT, Auteur ; Amy VAN GRIEKEN, Auteur ; Xin WANG, Auteur ; Lizi LIN, Auteur ; Qiang CHEN, Auteur ; Jin JING, Auteur . - p.1283-1294. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 27-5 (July 2023) . - p.1283-1294 Mots-clés : autism;socioeconomic factors;toddlers Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We examined the association of socioeconomic status with the diagnosis of autism during 16-30?months of age. Using data from a national survey in China, we included 6049 children (55.6% male) in the final analysis, among which 71 of them were clinically diagnosed with autism. Adjusted for covariates, the odds ratios for having the diagnosis of autism (2.46, 95% confidence interval: [1.32, 4.59]) among children whose mother?s level is "junior middle school or below" were significantly higher than children whose mother?s level is "college or above." Among children of lower educated mothers, there is a higher risk of being diagnosed with autism at a young age. We recommend more support for families with a low socioeconomic status to early detect, diagnose, and manage autism. Lay abstract Does being born in a family of high socioeconomic status mean a higher risk of being diagnosed with autism? The evidence from the Asian area is lacking. This research was conducted among 6049 toddlers who went through an evaluation-diagnose procedure of autism and whose parents were surveyed during the national survey of China, 2016-2017. Parents reported their education levels, occupations, family income, and ethnic background. We recruited the toddlers and parents from kindergartens, communities, and hospitals in five geographically representative areas of China. On average, these toddlers were 23?months of age. We found toddlers whose mothers had less than 9?years of education (junior middle school or below) had 2.46 times the chance to get a diagnosis of autism, compared with toddlers whose mothers had more than 15?years of education (college or above). We also found that 1.17 toddlers could be diagnosed with autism in each 100 Chinese toddlers. These findings have important implications for providing support to families that have low socioeconomic status, especially families with a mother who did not complete 9?years of education. Early detection programs focused on children from low socioeconomic backgrounds should be promoted. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221132743 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507

Perspectives from parents of autistic children on participating in early intervention and associated research / Catherine A. BENT in Autism, 27-5 (July 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 27-5 (July 2023) . - p.1295-1306 Titre : Perspectives from parents of autistic children on participating in early intervention and associated research Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Catherine A. BENT, Auteur ; Elizabeth PELLICANO, Auteur ; Teresa IACONO, Auteur ; Kristelle HUDRY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1295-1306 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : community-based research;early intervention;empowerment;participation;research into practice;service access;service evaluation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Early support should help autistic children lead flourishing lives. We sought to understand parents' experiences of their children?s involvement in early intervention and associated research, through focus groups with 23 parents (of 22 children) enrolled in a university-affiliated service. Reflexive thematic analysis revealed four themes. Parents conveyed a strong sense of gratitude (Theme 1) arising from their perceptions of the importance of early intervention and feelings of having "hit the jackpot" to secure access to the service from which they perceived their children "gained so much". They valued the service and staff expertise which made them feel secure (Theme 2). University affiliation and the associated research also contributed to parents' sense of safety, from perceived "accountability" and "integrity". Parents conveyed deep commitment to the service (Theme 3) but shared often-negative experiences as their child?s enrolment came to an end (Theme 4) and they expressed feelings of abandonment and disempowerment, being confronted with the reality of needing to secure next-stage support for their children and of perceived critical need for "conversion of research into practice". These parents' accounts offer insights into the benefits and ongoing challenges of achieving truly effective supports for autistic preschoolers and their families. Lay abstract Support for autistic children early in life should help them to lead flourishing lives. However, many of the early intervention programmes for young autistic children are time-consuming and costly for families. These programmes are also often conducted in settings that are not closely matched to real life. We spoke to 23 parents (of 22 autistic children) to understand their experiences of their children?s involvement in early intervention. Parents told us they were grateful for the opportunity, that they had "hit the jackpot", and their children had "gained so much" from the programme. They seemed to value the service because it made them feel safe and secure during an uncertain time in their children?s lives. Parents told us they trusted staff, felt that they weren?t "doing it alone", and this "took that pressure off" and helped them feel empowered. They also spoke of feelings of safety from being linked to the university research programme which offered "accountability" and "integrity". Parents' comments showed a strong commitment to the early intervention model and staff - but also common feelings of abandonment and disempowerment as their child?s time with the programme came to an end and they went "back to the real world" and needed to find new supports for their children. These parents' insights should help to inform the design and delivery of community supports for preschool-aged autistic children and their families, which match the reality of their lived experiences. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221141540 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507 [article] Perspectives from parents of autistic children on participating in early intervention and associated research [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Catherine A. BENT, Auteur ; Elizabeth PELLICANO, Auteur ; Teresa IACONO, Auteur ; Kristelle HUDRY, Auteur . - p.1295-1306. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 27-5 (July 2023) . - p.1295-1306 Mots-clés : community-based research;early intervention;empowerment;participation;research into practice;service access;service evaluation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Early support should help autistic children lead flourishing lives. We sought to understand parents' experiences of their children?s involvement in early intervention and associated research, through focus groups with 23 parents (of 22 children) enrolled in a university-affiliated service. Reflexive thematic analysis revealed four themes. Parents conveyed a strong sense of gratitude (Theme 1) arising from their perceptions of the importance of early intervention and feelings of having "hit the jackpot" to secure access to the service from which they perceived their children "gained so much". They valued the service and staff expertise which made them feel secure (Theme 2). University affiliation and the associated research also contributed to parents' sense of safety, from perceived "accountability" and "integrity". Parents conveyed deep commitment to the service (Theme 3) but shared often-negative experiences as their child?s enrolment came to an end (Theme 4) and they expressed feelings of abandonment and disempowerment, being confronted with the reality of needing to secure next-stage support for their children and of perceived critical need for "conversion of research into practice". These parents' accounts offer insights into the benefits and ongoing challenges of achieving truly effective supports for autistic preschoolers and their families. Lay abstract Support for autistic children early in life should help them to lead flourishing lives. However, many of the early intervention programmes for young autistic children are time-consuming and costly for families. These programmes are also often conducted in settings that are not closely matched to real life. We spoke to 23 parents (of 22 autistic children) to understand their experiences of their children?s involvement in early intervention. Parents told us they were grateful for the opportunity, that they had "hit the jackpot", and their children had "gained so much" from the programme. They seemed to value the service because it made them feel safe and secure during an uncertain time in their children?s lives. Parents told us they trusted staff, felt that they weren?t "doing it alone", and this "took that pressure off" and helped them feel empowered. They also spoke of feelings of safety from being linked to the university research programme which offered "accountability" and "integrity". Parents' comments showed a strong commitment to the early intervention model and staff - but also common feelings of abandonment and disempowerment as their child?s time with the programme came to an end and they went "back to the real world" and needed to find new supports for their children. These parents' insights should help to inform the design and delivery of community supports for preschool-aged autistic children and their families, which match the reality of their lived experiences. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221141540 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507

A preliminary exploration of different coping strategies used by Korean immigrant parents of autistic children in high versus low family quality of life ratings / Vanessa C. FONG in Autism, 27-5 (July 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 27-5 (July 2023) . - p.1307-1319 Titre : A preliminary exploration of different coping strategies used by Korean immigrant parents of autistic children in high versus low family quality of life ratings Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Vanessa C. FONG, Auteur ; Jennifer SHIM, Auteur ; Andy YOON, Auteur ; Bo Sang LEE, Auteur ; Grace IAROCCI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1307-1319 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism;community engagement;coping;cross-cultural;family quality of life;interviews;qualitative Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The experiences of coping in parents of autistic children have been extensively studied in the literature. While this research has identified both effective and ineffective coping strategies used by caregivers, no studies to date have examined how coping strategies used by parents might be linked to family quality of life outcomes. Furthermore, few studies exist examining both coping strategies and family quality of life in culturally and linguistically diverse populations. Thus, this study aimed to address both limitations. A total of 12 Korean immigrant parents of autistic children, 6 representing the high family quality of life group and 6 representing the low family quality of life group, shared their experiences related to coping and managing stress. Responses fell under three broad categories (problem-focused, emotion-focused, and adjustment-focused) with differences observed when comparing the high versus low family quality of life groups. A better understanding of the link between coping strategies and family quality of life outcomes may help identify effective and culturally sensitive supports for caregivers and families to improve their quality of life and well-being. Lay abstract The experiences of coping in parents of autistic children have been extensively studied in the literature. While this research has identified both effective and ineffective coping strategies used by caregivers, no studies to date have examined how coping strategies used by parents might be linked to family quality of life outcomes. Furthermore, few studies exist examining both coping strategies and family quality of life in culturally and linguistically diverse populations. Thus, this study aimed to address both limitations. A total of 12 Korean immigrant parents of autistic children, 6 representing the high family quality of life group and 6 representing the low family quality of life group, shared their experiences related to coping and managing stress. Responses fell under three broad categories (problem-focused, emotion-focused, and adjustment-focused) with differences observed when comparing the high versus low family quality of life groups. A better understanding of the link between coping strategies and family quality of life outcomes may help identify effective and culturally sensitive supports for caregivers and families to improve their quality of life and well-being. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221133961 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507 [article] A preliminary exploration of different coping strategies used by Korean immigrant parents of autistic children in high versus low family quality of life ratings [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Vanessa C. FONG, Auteur ; Jennifer SHIM, Auteur ; Andy YOON, Auteur ; Bo Sang LEE, Auteur ; Grace IAROCCI, Auteur . - p.1307-1319. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 27-5 (July 2023) . - p.1307-1319 Mots-clés : autism;community engagement;coping;cross-cultural;family quality of life;interviews;qualitative Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The experiences of coping in parents of autistic children have been extensively studied in the literature. While this research has identified both effective and ineffective coping strategies used by caregivers, no studies to date have examined how coping strategies used by parents might be linked to family quality of life outcomes. Furthermore, few studies exist examining both coping strategies and family quality of life in culturally and linguistically diverse populations. Thus, this study aimed to address both limitations. A total of 12 Korean immigrant parents of autistic children, 6 representing the high family quality of life group and 6 representing the low family quality of life group, shared their experiences related to coping and managing stress. Responses fell under three broad categories (problem-focused, emotion-focused, and adjustment-focused) with differences observed when comparing the high versus low family quality of life groups. A better understanding of the link between coping strategies and family quality of life outcomes may help identify effective and culturally sensitive supports for caregivers and families to improve their quality of life and well-being. Lay abstract The experiences of coping in parents of autistic children have been extensively studied in the literature. While this research has identified both effective and ineffective coping strategies used by caregivers, no studies to date have examined how coping strategies used by parents might be linked to family quality of life outcomes. Furthermore, few studies exist examining both coping strategies and family quality of life in culturally and linguistically diverse populations. Thus, this study aimed to address both limitations. A total of 12 Korean immigrant parents of autistic children, 6 representing the high family quality of life group and 6 representing the low family quality of life group, shared their experiences related to coping and managing stress. Responses fell under three broad categories (problem-focused, emotion-focused, and adjustment-focused) with differences observed when comparing the high versus low family quality of life groups. A better understanding of the link between coping strategies and family quality of life outcomes may help identify effective and culturally sensitive supports for caregivers and families to improve their quality of life and well-being. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221133961 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507

Autistic adults and adults with sub-clinical autistic traits differ from non-autistic adults in social-pragmatic inferencing and narrative discourse / Katja DINDAR in Autism, 27-5 (July 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 27-5 (July 2023) . - p.1320-1335 Titre : Autistic adults and adults with sub-clinical autistic traits differ from non-autistic adults in social-pragmatic inferencing and narrative discourse Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Katja DINDAR, Auteur ; Soile LOUKUSA, Auteur ; Eeva LEINONEN, Auteur ; Leena MAKINEN, Auteur ; Laura MÄMMELÄ, Auteur ; Marja-Leena MATTILA, Auteur ; Hanna EBELING, Auteur ; Tuula HURTIG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1320-1335 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum;narrative discourse;narrative skills;pragmatics;social-pragmatic ability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Since prior research has mostly focused on children, less is known about how autistic adults and adults with sub-clinical autistic traits interpret pragmatically complex social situations and the kind of narrative discourse they produce. 32 autistic young adults, 18 young adults with sub-clinical autistic traits and 34 non-autistic young adults participated this study. They were shown videos of social interactions which required complex pragmatic processing and were asked to freely narrate what they thought was occurring in each video. Their narratives were coded for aspects of social-pragmatic and narrative discourse. The results indicate that the autistic and sub-clinical groups differed from the comparison group in what they inferred as relevant video content. The narratives of the autistic group also differed from the comparison group in meaning, focus and emphasis on details. In addition, the comparison group produced more holistic narratives whereas the autistic and sub-clinical groups produced more atomistic narratives. Correlational findings indicated that perceptual reasoning has stronger associations with pragmatic inferencing in the autistic and sub-clinical groups than in the comparison group. This study suggests that autistic adults and adults with sub-clinical autistic traits differ from non-autistic adults in what they perceive to be relevant in their social world. Lay Abstract Previous social-pragmatic and narrative research involving autistic individuals has mostly focused on children. Little is known about how autistic adults and adults who have autistic traits but do not have a diagnosis of an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) interpret complex social situations and tell narratives about these situations. We asked 32 autistic young adults, 18 adults with autistic traits but no ASD diagnosis, and 34 non-autistic young adults to watch socially complex situations and freely tell narratives about what they thought was occurring in each situation. These narratives were analysed for how the participants had interpreted the situations and for the type of narratives they produced. We found that the groups had both similarities and differences. Regarding the differences, we found that the autistic adults and adults with autistic traits interpreted the situations differently from the non-autistic adults. The autistic adults found different aspects of the situations relevant, had different foci and placed greater importance on details than the non-autistic adults. The autistic adults and adults with autistic traits also differed from the non-autistic adults by having more detail- and event-focused narratives whereas the non-autistic adults were more likely to base their narratives on their own broad interpretations of the situations. Perceptual processing styles appeared to play a bigger role in interpreting the situations for the autistic adults and adults with autistic traits than the non-autistic adults. Our findings suggest that autistic adults and adults with autistic traits focus on different aspects in their social world than non-autistic adults. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221136003 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507 [article] Autistic adults and adults with sub-clinical autistic traits differ from non-autistic adults in social-pragmatic inferencing and narrative discourse [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Katja DINDAR, Auteur ; Soile LOUKUSA, Auteur ; Eeva LEINONEN, Auteur ; Leena MAKINEN, Auteur ; Laura MÄMMELÄ, Auteur ; Marja-Leena MATTILA, Auteur ; Hanna EBELING, Auteur ; Tuula HURTIG, Auteur . - p.1320-1335. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 27-5 (July 2023) . - p.1320-1335 Mots-clés : autism spectrum;narrative discourse;narrative skills;pragmatics;social-pragmatic ability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Since prior research has mostly focused on children, less is known about how autistic adults and adults with sub-clinical autistic traits interpret pragmatically complex social situations and the kind of narrative discourse they produce. 32 autistic young adults, 18 young adults with sub-clinical autistic traits and 34 non-autistic young adults participated this study. They were shown videos of social interactions which required complex pragmatic processing and were asked to freely narrate what they thought was occurring in each video. Their narratives were coded for aspects of social-pragmatic and narrative discourse. The results indicate that the autistic and sub-clinical groups differed from the comparison group in what they inferred as relevant video content. The narratives of the autistic group also differed from the comparison group in meaning, focus and emphasis on details. In addition, the comparison group produced more holistic narratives whereas the autistic and sub-clinical groups produced more atomistic narratives. Correlational findings indicated that perceptual reasoning has stronger associations with pragmatic inferencing in the autistic and sub-clinical groups than in the comparison group. This study suggests that autistic adults and adults with sub-clinical autistic traits differ from non-autistic adults in what they perceive to be relevant in their social world. Lay Abstract Previous social-pragmatic and narrative research involving autistic individuals has mostly focused on children. Little is known about how autistic adults and adults who have autistic traits but do not have a diagnosis of an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) interpret complex social situations and tell narratives about these situations. We asked 32 autistic young adults, 18 adults with autistic traits but no ASD diagnosis, and 34 non-autistic young adults to watch socially complex situations and freely tell narratives about what they thought was occurring in each situation. These narratives were analysed for how the participants had interpreted the situations and for the type of narratives they produced. We found that the groups had both similarities and differences. Regarding the differences, we found that the autistic adults and adults with autistic traits interpreted the situations differently from the non-autistic adults. The autistic adults found different aspects of the situations relevant, had different foci and placed greater importance on details than the non-autistic adults. The autistic adults and adults with autistic traits also differed from the non-autistic adults by having more detail- and event-focused narratives whereas the non-autistic adults were more likely to base their narratives on their own broad interpretations of the situations. Perceptual processing styles appeared to play a bigger role in interpreting the situations for the autistic adults and adults with autistic traits than the non-autistic adults. Our findings suggest that autistic adults and adults with autistic traits focus on different aspects in their social world than non-autistic adults. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221136003 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507

Autistic women?s experiences of self-compassion after receiving their diagnosis in adulthood / Rosemarie B. WILSON in Autism, 27-5 (July 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 27-5 (July 2023) . - p.1336-1347 Titre : Autistic women?s experiences of self-compassion after receiving their diagnosis in adulthood Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rosemarie B. WILSON, Auteur ; Andrew R. THOMPSON, Auteur ; Georgina ROWSE, Auteur ; Richard SMITH, Auteur ; Amber-Sophie DUGDALE, Auteur ; Megan FREETH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1336-1347 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adults;autistic women;diagnosis;health services;interpretative phenomenological analysis;lived experience;qualitative research;self-compassion Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Knowledge of autistic individuals' experiences of self-compassion is very limited. This study investigated autistic women?s experiences of self-compassion after receiving their diagnosis in adulthood. Eleven autistic women completed semi-structured interviews analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Three super-ordinate themes were identified: "Disconnect between the autistic self and experience of societal expectations" (the burden of conformity; autism is misunderstood; social challenges; mental health impact); "Unmasking: the process of self-understanding" (autonomy and self-compassion; validation and grief) and "Impact on relationships" (diagnosis disclosure dilemmas; connection and understanding). Frustration with society?s misconceptions of autism and unhelpful thinking styles were presented as barriers to self-compassion. Most participants reported that their diagnosis had led to the development of a greater sense of self-understanding, which facilitated self-compassion. Some participants suggested their own increased understanding of autism facilitated their compassion towards others. Findings from this study have clinical implications for increasing understanding about autistic women?s experiences of self-compassion and possibly ways to facilitate its development, to enhance well-being. Lay abstract Knowledge of autistic individuals' experiences of self-compassion is very limited. This study investigated autistic women?s experiences of self-compassion after receiving their diagnosis in adulthood. Eleven autistic women were interviewed about their experiences of receiving their diagnosis in adulthood and their experiences of self-compassion. Systematic analysis of the interview transcripts revealed common themes in the participants' experiences. Participants reported that their autism diagnosis helped them to better understand themselves, particularly when reflecting on problematic past experiences. After receiving an autism diagnosis, participants described being able to relate to themselves with greater self-kindness compared to previous self-criticism; this included allowing themselves to assert their needs and engage in self-care activities. Participants spoke about having difficult social experiences, including feeling pressure to conform to expectations in society and often feeling misunderstood. The findings highlight the barriers autistic women face obtaining their diagnoses and demonstrate the need for autism training for professionals to support early identification. Findings from this study suggest that interventions aimed at developing self-compassion could support and enhance autistic women?s well-being. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221136752 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507 [article] Autistic women?s experiences of self-compassion after receiving their diagnosis in adulthood [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rosemarie B. WILSON, Auteur ; Andrew R. THOMPSON, Auteur ; Georgina ROWSE, Auteur ; Richard SMITH, Auteur ; Amber-Sophie DUGDALE, Auteur ; Megan FREETH, Auteur . - p.1336-1347. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 27-5 (July 2023) . - p.1336-1347 Mots-clés : adults;autistic women;diagnosis;health services;interpretative phenomenological analysis;lived experience;qualitative research;self-compassion Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Knowledge of autistic individuals' experiences of self-compassion is very limited. This study investigated autistic women?s experiences of self-compassion after receiving their diagnosis in adulthood. Eleven autistic women completed semi-structured interviews analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Three super-ordinate themes were identified: "Disconnect between the autistic self and experience of societal expectations" (the burden of conformity; autism is misunderstood; social challenges; mental health impact); "Unmasking: the process of self-understanding" (autonomy and self-compassion; validation and grief) and "Impact on relationships" (diagnosis disclosure dilemmas; connection and understanding). Frustration with society?s misconceptions of autism and unhelpful thinking styles were presented as barriers to self-compassion. Most participants reported that their diagnosis had led to the development of a greater sense of self-understanding, which facilitated self-compassion. Some participants suggested their own increased understanding of autism facilitated their compassion towards others. Findings from this study have clinical implications for increasing understanding about autistic women?s experiences of self-compassion and possibly ways to facilitate its development, to enhance well-being. Lay abstract Knowledge of autistic individuals' experiences of self-compassion is very limited. This study investigated autistic women?s experiences of self-compassion after receiving their diagnosis in adulthood. Eleven autistic women were interviewed about their experiences of receiving their diagnosis in adulthood and their experiences of self-compassion. Systematic analysis of the interview transcripts revealed common themes in the participants' experiences. Participants reported that their autism diagnosis helped them to better understand themselves, particularly when reflecting on problematic past experiences. After receiving an autism diagnosis, participants described being able to relate to themselves with greater self-kindness compared to previous self-criticism; this included allowing themselves to assert their needs and engage in self-care activities. Participants spoke about having difficult social experiences, including feeling pressure to conform to expectations in society and often feeling misunderstood. The findings highlight the barriers autistic women face obtaining their diagnoses and demonstrate the need for autism training for professionals to support early identification. Findings from this study suggest that interventions aimed at developing self-compassion could support and enhance autistic women?s well-being. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221136752 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507

Looking through rainbow-rimmed glasses: Taking neurodiversity perspective is related to subjective well-being of autistic adults / Kinga FERENC in Autism, 27-5 (July 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 27-5 (July 2023) . - p.1348-1361 Titre : Looking through rainbow-rimmed glasses: Taking neurodiversity perspective is related to subjective well-being of autistic adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kinga FERENC, Auteur ; Mateusz P?ATOS, Auteur ; Katarzyna BYRKA, Auteur ; Magdalena Ewa KROL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1348-1361 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : attitude towards autism;autism spectrum conditions;in-group identification;psychological distress;self-esteem;subjective well-being Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Finding new ways of supporting the well-being of autistic adults is an essential goal for research and practice. We tested the predictive value of attitudes towards autism (as neurodiversity or as a disorder) and identification with other autistic people, on the psychological distress and self-esteem of autistic adults (n?=?109). Adopting a neurodiversity attitude not only predicted higher self-esteem but also served as a protective factor against the negative impact of identification with other autistic people on psychological distress. These findings show that clinicians should be sensitive to the way autistic people understand autism and the extent to which they identify with the autism community, as these factors relate to their well-being. Lay abstract Autistic adults experience a high level of distress. Finding new ways to support their well-being is an important goal for researchers and clinicians. We assessed the way autistic adults view their autism, as a disorder or as a type of mind (neurodiversity), and the level they integrate with other autistic people, and we checked how those factors contribute to their well-being. People who see autism rather as a type of mind than as a disorder had higher self-esteem. People who view themselves as more similar to other autistic people felt more stressed, but this result was not accurate for people who view autism as a type of mind. Clinicians should be sensitive to the way autistic people understand autism and to what extent they identify with the autism community, because it may relate to their well-being. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221135818 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507 [article] Looking through rainbow-rimmed glasses: Taking neurodiversity perspective is related to subjective well-being of autistic adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kinga FERENC, Auteur ; Mateusz P?ATOS, Auteur ; Katarzyna BYRKA, Auteur ; Magdalena Ewa KROL, Auteur . - p.1348-1361. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 27-5 (July 2023) . - p.1348-1361 Mots-clés : attitude towards autism;autism spectrum conditions;in-group identification;psychological distress;self-esteem;subjective well-being Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Finding new ways of supporting the well-being of autistic adults is an essential goal for research and practice. We tested the predictive value of attitudes towards autism (as neurodiversity or as a disorder) and identification with other autistic people, on the psychological distress and self-esteem of autistic adults (n?=?109). Adopting a neurodiversity attitude not only predicted higher self-esteem but also served as a protective factor against the negative impact of identification with other autistic people on psychological distress. These findings show that clinicians should be sensitive to the way autistic people understand autism and the extent to which they identify with the autism community, as these factors relate to their well-being. Lay abstract Autistic adults experience a high level of distress. Finding new ways to support their well-being is an important goal for researchers and clinicians. We assessed the way autistic adults view their autism, as a disorder or as a type of mind (neurodiversity), and the level they integrate with other autistic people, and we checked how those factors contribute to their well-being. People who see autism rather as a type of mind than as a disorder had higher self-esteem. People who view themselves as more similar to other autistic people felt more stressed, but this result was not accurate for people who view autism as a type of mind. Clinicians should be sensitive to the way autistic people understand autism and to what extent they identify with the autism community, because it may relate to their well-being. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221135818 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507

Tele-assessment of young children referred for autism spectrum disorder evaluation during COVID-19: Associations among clinical characteristics and diagnostic outcome / Rebecca MCNALLY KEEHN in Autism, 27-5 (July 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 27-5 (July 2023) . - p.1362-1376 Titre : Tele-assessment of young children referred for autism spectrum disorder evaluation during COVID-19: Associations among clinical characteristics and diagnostic outcome Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rebecca MCNALLY KEEHN, Auteur ; Brett ENNEKING, Auteur ; Tybytha RYAN, Auteur ; Cristina JAMES, Auteur ; Qing TANG, Auteur ; Audra BLEWITT, Auteur ; Angela TOMLIN, Auteur ; Laura CORONA, Auteur ; Liliana WAGNER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1362-1376 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders;diagnosis;health services;tele-assessment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a rapid acceleration of innovative research on health services delivery, including real-world clinical implementation and evaluation of tele-assessment for the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. Extending this promising work, the present study examined clinical characteristics and diagnostic outcome for young children receiving autism spectrum disorder tele-assessment during the COVID-19 pandemic. The standard tele-assessment procedure included caregiver clinical interview, administration of the TELE-ASD-PEDS (TAP; a novel caregiver-mediated remote autism spectrum disorder observational assessment tool), Vineland-3, and diagnostic feedback and family counseling. Overall, our findings suggest that a definitive autism spectrum disorder diagnosis can be determined for most young children evaluated using standard tele-assessment procedures. While TAP scores and measures of adaptive functioning and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition autism spectrum disorder symptoms are highly associated with autism spectrum disorder diagnostic outcome, a specific pattern of Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors independently predicted differential autism spectrum disorder outcome. Furthermore, our findings suggest that the TAP is useful for evaluation of at-risk children above 36?months of age with delayed language. These results add to an increasing body of research supporting use of tele-assessment, and specifically the TAP, for diagnosis of young children referred for autism spectrum disorder evaluation. Lay abstract The diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has traditionally been made through in-person evaluation. While the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted access to ASD services, there has been remarkable growth in research focused on novel ASD diagnostic practices, including the use of telemedicine. We implemented a standard ASD tele-assessment evaluation procedure, including use of a novel remote clinician-coached, caregiver-delivered ASD assessment tool (TELE-ASD-PEDS; TAP), with the goal of continuing to provide diagnostic services to young children and their families during the pandemic. We examined the relationship between child characteristics and diagnostic outcome for 335 children, ages 14-78?months, who received ASD tele-assessment conducted by psychologists and pediatricians in an outpatient clinic of a Midwestern academic medical center. We found that clinicians could make a determination about ASD diagnosis for most children (85%) evaluated using tele-assessment. Child clinical characteristics, including TAP scores and clinician ratings of ASD symptoms, were related to diagnostic outcome (i.e. diagnosis of ASD, no ASD, and Unsure about ASD). When all clinical characteristics were examined together, the presence of specific repetitive behaviors predicted ASD diagnosis. We also found that the TAP is effective for making an ASD diagnosis when used as part of comprehensive tele-assessment evaluation in children???36?months of age with delayed language. Our study adds to an increasing body of research supporting use of tele-assessment for diagnosis of ASD. Although further research is needed, telemedicine may help families from different backgrounds and geographic locations to access high-quality diagnostic services. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221138642 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507 [article] Tele-assessment of young children referred for autism spectrum disorder evaluation during COVID-19: Associations among clinical characteristics and diagnostic outcome [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rebecca MCNALLY KEEHN, Auteur ; Brett ENNEKING, Auteur ; Tybytha RYAN, Auteur ; Cristina JAMES, Auteur ; Qing TANG, Auteur ; Audra BLEWITT, Auteur ; Angela TOMLIN, Auteur ; Laura CORONA, Auteur ; Liliana WAGNER, Auteur . - p.1362-1376. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 27-5 (July 2023) . - p.1362-1376 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders;diagnosis;health services;tele-assessment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a rapid acceleration of innovative research on health services delivery, including real-world clinical implementation and evaluation of tele-assessment for the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. Extending this promising work, the present study examined clinical characteristics and diagnostic outcome for young children receiving autism spectrum disorder tele-assessment during the COVID-19 pandemic. The standard tele-assessment procedure included caregiver clinical interview, administration of the TELE-ASD-PEDS (TAP; a novel caregiver-mediated remote autism spectrum disorder observational assessment tool), Vineland-3, and diagnostic feedback and family counseling. Overall, our findings suggest that a definitive autism spectrum disorder diagnosis can be determined for most young children evaluated using standard tele-assessment procedures. While TAP scores and measures of adaptive functioning and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition autism spectrum disorder symptoms are highly associated with autism spectrum disorder diagnostic outcome, a specific pattern of Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors independently predicted differential autism spectrum disorder outcome. Furthermore, our findings suggest that the TAP is useful for evaluation of at-risk children above 36?months of age with delayed language. These results add to an increasing body of research supporting use of tele-assessment, and specifically the TAP, for diagnosis of young children referred for autism spectrum disorder evaluation. Lay abstract The diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has traditionally been made through in-person evaluation. While the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted access to ASD services, there has been remarkable growth in research focused on novel ASD diagnostic practices, including the use of telemedicine. We implemented a standard ASD tele-assessment evaluation procedure, including use of a novel remote clinician-coached, caregiver-delivered ASD assessment tool (TELE-ASD-PEDS; TAP), with the goal of continuing to provide diagnostic services to young children and their families during the pandemic. We examined the relationship between child characteristics and diagnostic outcome for 335 children, ages 14-78?months, who received ASD tele-assessment conducted by psychologists and pediatricians in an outpatient clinic of a Midwestern academic medical center. We found that clinicians could make a determination about ASD diagnosis for most children (85%) evaluated using tele-assessment. Child clinical characteristics, including TAP scores and clinician ratings of ASD symptoms, were related to diagnostic outcome (i.e. diagnosis of ASD, no ASD, and Unsure about ASD). When all clinical characteristics were examined together, the presence of specific repetitive behaviors predicted ASD diagnosis. We also found that the TAP is effective for making an ASD diagnosis when used as part of comprehensive tele-assessment evaluation in children???36?months of age with delayed language. Our study adds to an increasing body of research supporting use of tele-assessment for diagnosis of ASD. Although further research is needed, telemedicine may help families from different backgrounds and geographic locations to access high-quality diagnostic services. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221138642 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507

Cost-benefit analysis of a non-government organization and Australian government collaborative supported employment program for autistic people / Darren HEDLEY in Autism, 27-5 (July 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 27-5 (July 2023) . - p.1377-1390 Titre : Cost-benefit analysis of a non-government organization and Australian government collaborative supported employment program for autistic people Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Darren HEDLEY, Auteur ; David FE HEDLEY, Auteur ; Emmanuelle WALKOWIAK, Auteur ; Simon M. BURY, Auteur ; Jennifer R. SPOOR, Auteur ; Alan SHIELL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1377-1390 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adults;autism;cost-benefit analysis;economic costs;employment;government;savings;vocational/labor force participation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We present a cost-benefit analysis of an Australian Government sponsored 3-year supported employment program for autistic adults-the DXC Dandelion Program-in the information and communications technology sector. We explored the range of direct costs associated with running the program, benefits to participants, and avoided costs to the government. Estimates were based on data from 56 (86% men; Mage?=?25.28, standard deviation [SD]?=?8.36?years) autistic participants in the program. The program generated a high benefit ratio for government, mainly driven by increases in wage rates and hours worked and avoiding welfare and unemployment benefit payments. Participants received the largest benefit through wages and access to the labor market, with most participants transitioning into productive, open employment following program completion. The results from the model are robust; the benefit ratio remained above 1.0 even when higher discount rates were applied. In sum, our analysis identifies potential economic savings associated with supported employment programs that provide pathways for otherwise unemployed or under-employed autistic adults to enter the workforce. Lay abstract Relative to the size of the population, there are fewer autistic people than non-autistic people in the workforce. Employment programs that provide extra support to autistic people may help them to gain and keep jobs that are suited to their skills and expertise. In this study, we reviewed the DXC Dandelion Program. This is a supported autism employment program run in partnership with the Australian Government. The program provided jobs to autistic people who worked in information and communications technology roles, such as software testing and cyber security. In this study, we examined some of the benefits of the program for the autistic people who participated in it. We also examined the benefits of the program to the government. We found that there are many savings to government when autistic people are employed in jobs that are matched to their skills and abilities, compared to being unemployed or working in jobs that are below their level of education, training, or skills. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221138643 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507 [article] Cost-benefit analysis of a non-government organization and Australian government collaborative supported employment program for autistic people [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Darren HEDLEY, Auteur ; David FE HEDLEY, Auteur ; Emmanuelle WALKOWIAK, Auteur ; Simon M. BURY, Auteur ; Jennifer R. SPOOR, Auteur ; Alan SHIELL, Auteur . - p.1377-1390. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 27-5 (July 2023) . - p.1377-1390 Mots-clés : adults;autism;cost-benefit analysis;economic costs;employment;government;savings;vocational/labor force participation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We present a cost-benefit analysis of an Australian Government sponsored 3-year supported employment program for autistic adults-the DXC Dandelion Program-in the information and communications technology sector. We explored the range of direct costs associated with running the program, benefits to participants, and avoided costs to the government. Estimates were based on data from 56 (86% men; Mage?=?25.28, standard deviation [SD]?=?8.36?years) autistic participants in the program. The program generated a high benefit ratio for government, mainly driven by increases in wage rates and hours worked and avoiding welfare and unemployment benefit payments. Participants received the largest benefit through wages and access to the labor market, with most participants transitioning into productive, open employment following program completion. The results from the model are robust; the benefit ratio remained above 1.0 even when higher discount rates were applied. In sum, our analysis identifies potential economic savings associated with supported employment programs that provide pathways for otherwise unemployed or under-employed autistic adults to enter the workforce. Lay abstract Relative to the size of the population, there are fewer autistic people than non-autistic people in the workforce. Employment programs that provide extra support to autistic people may help them to gain and keep jobs that are suited to their skills and expertise. In this study, we reviewed the DXC Dandelion Program. This is a supported autism employment program run in partnership with the Australian Government. The program provided jobs to autistic people who worked in information and communications technology roles, such as software testing and cyber security. In this study, we examined some of the benefits of the program for the autistic people who participated in it. We also examined the benefits of the program to the government. We found that there are many savings to government when autistic people are employed in jobs that are matched to their skills and abilities, compared to being unemployed or working in jobs that are below their level of education, training, or skills. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221138643 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507

Exploring communicative competence in autistic children who are minimally verbal: The Low Verbal Investigatory Survey for Autism (LVIS) / Adam NAPLES in Autism, 27-5 (July 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 27-5 (July 2023) . - p.1391-1406 Titre : Exploring communicative competence in autistic children who are minimally verbal: The Low Verbal Investigatory Survey for Autism (LVIS) Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Adam NAPLES, Auteur ; Elena J. TENENBAUM, Auteur ; Richard N. JONES, Auteur ; Giulia RIGHI, Auteur ; Stephen J. SHEINKOPF, Auteur ; Inge-Marie EIGSTI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1391-1406 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder;assessment;communication;language;LVIS;minimally verbal Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Approximately 30% of autistic children are considered minimally verbal. The field lacks an efficient and reliable measure of communicative capacity among minimally verbal autistic children. Improved methods are needed to determine which children are at greatest risk for minimally verbal outcomes to better target interventions. Here, we present the Low Verbal Investigatory Survey (LVIS), a brief parent-report measure designed to assess communicative capacity among minimally verbal autistic children. The 36-item easy-to-complete LVIS was developed to capture the atypical language trajectories associated specifically with autism. We report pilot results from a sample of 147 children (1-8?years) whose caregivers completed the LVIS as part of other studies. Principal components analysis was used to assess dimensionality of the LVIS; composite scores were compared with existing measures of communicative capacity, all of which take significantly more time and training to administer and score. Scores on the LVIS were strongly correlated with existing gold-standard measures of communication. Presence of atypical vocalizations was determined to be particularly relevant for symptoms of autism as well as language and cognitive abilities. These findings provide initial validation of a tool designed to capture multiple dimensions of communicative capacity in children with minimal or low verbal skills. Lay abstract Approximately one in three autistic children is unable to communicate with language; this state is often described as minimally verbal. Despite the tremendous clinical implications, we cannot predict whether a minimally verbal child is simply delayed (but will eventually develop spoken language) or will continue to struggle with verbal language, and might therefore benefit from learning an alternative form of communication. This is important for clinicians to know, to be able to choose the most helpful interventions, such as alternative forms of communication. In addition, the field lacks a standard definition of "minimally verbal." Even when we do agree on what the term means (e.g. fewer than 20 words), describing a child based on their lack of words does not tell us whether that child is communicating in other ways or how they are using those 20 words. To address these concerns, we developed the Low Verbal Investigatory Survey (LVIS), a one-page parent-report measure designed to help us characterize how minimally verbal autistic children are communicating. Parents of 147 children (aged 1-8?years) completed the LVIS. Here, we ask (1) whether the survey measures what it was designed to measure, that is, communicative ability in children without much spoken language, and (2) how the LVIS relates to cognitive and language ability, and symptoms of autism. Results suggest that this survey, which takes only 5?min to complete, is a good estimate of the child?s communication skills. Furthermore, LVIS survey scores are correlated with other measures of language and cognitive abilities as well as autism symptomatology. The LVIS has the potential to save time and money in both clinical and research efforts to assess communication skills in minimally verbal autistic children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221136657 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507 [article] Exploring communicative competence in autistic children who are minimally verbal: The Low Verbal Investigatory Survey for Autism (LVIS) [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Adam NAPLES, Auteur ; Elena J. TENENBAUM, Auteur ; Richard N. JONES, Auteur ; Giulia RIGHI, Auteur ; Stephen J. SHEINKOPF, Auteur ; Inge-Marie EIGSTI, Auteur . - p.1391-1406. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 27-5 (July 2023) . - p.1391-1406 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder;assessment;communication;language;LVIS;minimally verbal Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Approximately 30% of autistic children are considered minimally verbal. The field lacks an efficient and reliable measure of communicative capacity among minimally verbal autistic children. Improved methods are needed to determine which children are at greatest risk for minimally verbal outcomes to better target interventions. Here, we present the Low Verbal Investigatory Survey (LVIS), a brief parent-report measure designed to assess communicative capacity among minimally verbal autistic children. The 36-item easy-to-complete LVIS was developed to capture the atypical language trajectories associated specifically with autism. We report pilot results from a sample of 147 children (1-8?years) whose caregivers completed the LVIS as part of other studies. Principal components analysis was used to assess dimensionality of the LVIS; composite scores were compared with existing measures of communicative capacity, all of which take significantly more time and training to administer and score. Scores on the LVIS were strongly correlated with existing gold-standard measures of communication. Presence of atypical vocalizations was determined to be particularly relevant for symptoms of autism as well as language and cognitive abilities. These findings provide initial validation of a tool designed to capture multiple dimensions of communicative capacity in children with minimal or low verbal skills. Lay abstract Approximately one in three autistic children is unable to communicate with language; this state is often described as minimally verbal. Despite the tremendous clinical implications, we cannot predict whether a minimally verbal child is simply delayed (but will eventually develop spoken language) or will continue to struggle with verbal language, and might therefore benefit from learning an alternative form of communication. This is important for clinicians to know, to be able to choose the most helpful interventions, such as alternative forms of communication. In addition, the field lacks a standard definition of "minimally verbal." Even when we do agree on what the term means (e.g. fewer than 20 words), describing a child based on their lack of words does not tell us whether that child is communicating in other ways or how they are using those 20 words. To address these concerns, we developed the Low Verbal Investigatory Survey (LVIS), a one-page parent-report measure designed to help us characterize how minimally verbal autistic children are communicating. Parents of 147 children (aged 1-8?years) completed the LVIS. Here, we ask (1) whether the survey measures what it was designed to measure, that is, communicative ability in children without much spoken language, and (2) how the LVIS relates to cognitive and language ability, and symptoms of autism. Results suggest that this survey, which takes only 5?min to complete, is a good estimate of the child?s communication skills. Furthermore, LVIS survey scores are correlated with other measures of language and cognitive abilities as well as autism symptomatology. The LVIS has the potential to save time and money in both clinical and research efforts to assess communication skills in minimally verbal autistic children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221136657 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507

Staring spells in children with autism spectrum disorder: A clinical dilemma / Ajay GOENKA in Autism, 27-5 (July 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 27-5 (July 2023) . - p.1407-1416 Titre : Staring spells in children with autism spectrum disorder: A clinical dilemma Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ajay GOENKA, Auteur ; Laura D. FONSECA, Auteur ; Sarah G. YU, Auteur ; Monica C. GEORGE, Auteur ; Caroline WONG, Auteur ; Adrienne STOLFI, Auteur ; Gogi KUMAR, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1407-1416 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder;epileptic seizures;staring spells Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : To assess the role of clinical features in diagnosing seizures in children with autism spectrum disorder who present with staring spells. A 10-year retrospective chart analysis of autism spectrum disorder patients aged 3-14 years was performed at a tertiary care children?s hospital. Patient demographics, clinical presentation, and epileptic seizure versus non-epileptic spell diagnosis were assessed. Target episodes of staring spells were captured during a long-term electroencephalogram monitoring record. Multilevel likelihood ratios and a receiver operating characteristic curve were determined using 8 of the 11 clinical variables. Among the cohort of 140 patients with autism spectrum disorder, 16% were diagnosed with epileptic seizures with the most common seizure being atypical absence seizures (64%). Clinical semiology differed between those diagnosed with epileptic seizures versus those diagnosed with non-epileptic spells in the average duration of episodes (42 s vs 87 s), frequency of spells per week (6 vs 11.5 spells), increase in frequency of staring spells over time (100% vs 40%), and response to verbal stimulation (0% vs 100%), respectively. Multilevel likelihood ratios based on the receiver operating characteristic curves and clinical semiology features may be helpful in differentiating epileptic seizures from non-epileptic spells in children with autism spectrum disorder. Lay Abstract It is a common occurrence for children with autism spectrum disorder to be diagnosed with staring spells. Staring spells are defined as periods of time when children "space out" and are subcategorized as either "absence seizures" (brain activity resembling a seizure but with no physical seizure symptoms) or "non-epileptic spells" (inattentiveness or daydreaming). Due to the subtle characteristics of staring spells, they are usually diagnosed via long-term video electroencephalogram. The child is monitored for 3-5 days with an electroencephalogram which records brain waves. An electroencephalogram may be difficult to perform in children with autism spectrum disorder due to behavior, cognitive, or sensory concerns. Therefore, we wanted to investigate other clinical characteristics that may help us differentiate between epileptic seizures versus non-epileptic spells in children with autism spectrum disorder presenting with staring spells. We reviewed 140 charts retrospectively from the years of 2010-2021. We abstracted demographic and clinical information from the electronic medical record system and reviewed electroencephalogram videos to group the 140 children into epileptic seizure diagnosis group versus non-epileptic spell group. Of the 140 children in this study, 22 were diagnosed with epileptic seizures and the remaining were diagnosed with non-epileptic spells. We found that the two groups differed in certain clinical characteristics such as how long the staring spells lasted, how many staring spells the child had in 1 week, and whether they responded to verbal commands. We believe that clinical features may be helpful in differentiating epileptic seizures from non-epileptic spells in children with autism spectrum disorder. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221137240 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507 [article] Staring spells in children with autism spectrum disorder: A clinical dilemma [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ajay GOENKA, Auteur ; Laura D. FONSECA, Auteur ; Sarah G. YU, Auteur ; Monica C. GEORGE, Auteur ; Caroline WONG, Auteur ; Adrienne STOLFI, Auteur ; Gogi KUMAR, Auteur . - p.1407-1416. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 27-5 (July 2023) . - p.1407-1416 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder;epileptic seizures;staring spells Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : To assess the role of clinical features in diagnosing seizures in children with autism spectrum disorder who present with staring spells. A 10-year retrospective chart analysis of autism spectrum disorder patients aged 3-14 years was performed at a tertiary care children?s hospital. Patient demographics, clinical presentation, and epileptic seizure versus non-epileptic spell diagnosis were assessed. Target episodes of staring spells were captured during a long-term electroencephalogram monitoring record. Multilevel likelihood ratios and a receiver operating characteristic curve were determined using 8 of the 11 clinical variables. Among the cohort of 140 patients with autism spectrum disorder, 16% were diagnosed with epileptic seizures with the most common seizure being atypical absence seizures (64%). Clinical semiology differed between those diagnosed with epileptic seizures versus those diagnosed with non-epileptic spells in the average duration of episodes (42 s vs 87 s), frequency of spells per week (6 vs 11.5 spells), increase in frequency of staring spells over time (100% vs 40%), and response to verbal stimulation (0% vs 100%), respectively. Multilevel likelihood ratios based on the receiver operating characteristic curves and clinical semiology features may be helpful in differentiating epileptic seizures from non-epileptic spells in children with autism spectrum disorder. Lay Abstract It is a common occurrence for children with autism spectrum disorder to be diagnosed with staring spells. Staring spells are defined as periods of time when children "space out" and are subcategorized as either "absence seizures" (brain activity resembling a seizure but with no physical seizure symptoms) or "non-epileptic spells" (inattentiveness or daydreaming). Due to the subtle characteristics of staring spells, they are usually diagnosed via long-term video electroencephalogram. The child is monitored for 3-5 days with an electroencephalogram which records brain waves. An electroencephalogram may be difficult to perform in children with autism spectrum disorder due to behavior, cognitive, or sensory concerns. Therefore, we wanted to investigate other clinical characteristics that may help us differentiate between epileptic seizures versus non-epileptic spells in children with autism spectrum disorder presenting with staring spells. We reviewed 140 charts retrospectively from the years of 2010-2021. We abstracted demographic and clinical information from the electronic medical record system and reviewed electroencephalogram videos to group the 140 children into epileptic seizure diagnosis group versus non-epileptic spell group. Of the 140 children in this study, 22 were diagnosed with epileptic seizures and the remaining were diagnosed with non-epileptic spells. We found that the two groups differed in certain clinical characteristics such as how long the staring spells lasted, how many staring spells the child had in 1 week, and whether they responded to verbal commands. We believe that clinical features may be helpful in differentiating epileptic seizures from non-epileptic spells in children with autism spectrum disorder. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221137240 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507

Knowing and accepting oneself: Exploring possibilities of self-awareness among working autistic young adults / Hanna BERTILSDOTTER ROSQVIST in Autism, 27-5 (July 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 27-5 (July 2023) . - p.1417-1425 Titre : Knowing and accepting oneself: Exploring possibilities of self-awareness among working autistic young adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Hanna BERTILSDOTTER ROSQVIST, Auteur ; Lill HULTMAN, Auteur ; Johan HALLQVIST, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1417-1425 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adults;autism;autistic-centred support;neurodiversity;self-awareness Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic people have historically been described as incapable of developing a deeper sense of self-awareness, and autistic understandings of self-awareness have been largely disregarded. The aim of this study is to explore the way young autistic adults try to understand their functionality and who they are, or to develop their sense of self-awareness, in work and in private life contexts. In 12 qualitative interviews conducted with four autistic adults without learning difficulties, we identified a rich set of reflections on knowing and accepting oneself. The overarching theme of self-knowledge has three subthemes: learning from previous experiences, learning about oneself by securing the support of others, and understanding and accepting autistic functionality. The strategy of self-knowledge was used by these young adults to help them achieve functional lives in the work and private domains. Our results show that young autistic adults both actively explore and develop their self-awareness. We suggest that it is important for practitioners and employers working with autistic individuals to engage with their journeys of self-awareness as a vital part of understanding and supporting them. Lay abstract When researchers and professionals talk about autism, they commonly point out problems and risks with autism or being autistic. Several interventions are based on the idea of the problems and risks of autism. Another way of talking about autism is to point out autistic people?s strengths and strategies which they use to handle barriers and problems in their lives in order to live good lives on their own terms. In this article, the researchers explore how autistic young adults formulate their own difficulties, strengths and support needs in order to get right support from support people. To be able to formulate this, autistic people need to get to know oneself and one?s own way of functioning. Autistic own self-knowledge must be central when formal support people, such as social workers, formulate support and interventions aimed at helping autistic people, in order for the support/intervention to be helpful. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221137428 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507 [article] Knowing and accepting oneself: Exploring possibilities of self-awareness among working autistic young adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Hanna BERTILSDOTTER ROSQVIST, Auteur ; Lill HULTMAN, Auteur ; Johan HALLQVIST, Auteur . - p.1417-1425. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 27-5 (July 2023) . - p.1417-1425 Mots-clés : adults;autism;autistic-centred support;neurodiversity;self-awareness Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic people have historically been described as incapable of developing a deeper sense of self-awareness, and autistic understandings of self-awareness have been largely disregarded. The aim of this study is to explore the way young autistic adults try to understand their functionality and who they are, or to develop their sense of self-awareness, in work and in private life contexts. In 12 qualitative interviews conducted with four autistic adults without learning difficulties, we identified a rich set of reflections on knowing and accepting oneself. The overarching theme of self-knowledge has three subthemes: learning from previous experiences, learning about oneself by securing the support of others, and understanding and accepting autistic functionality. The strategy of self-knowledge was used by these young adults to help them achieve functional lives in the work and private domains. Our results show that young autistic adults both actively explore and develop their self-awareness. We suggest that it is important for practitioners and employers working with autistic individuals to engage with their journeys of self-awareness as a vital part of understanding and supporting them. Lay abstract When researchers and professionals talk about autism, they commonly point out problems and risks with autism or being autistic. Several interventions are based on the idea of the problems and risks of autism. Another way of talking about autism is to point out autistic people?s strengths and strategies which they use to handle barriers and problems in their lives in order to live good lives on their own terms. In this article, the researchers explore how autistic young adults formulate their own difficulties, strengths and support needs in order to get right support from support people. To be able to formulate this, autistic people need to get to know oneself and one?s own way of functioning. Autistic own self-knowledge must be central when formal support people, such as social workers, formulate support and interventions aimed at helping autistic people, in order for the support/intervention to be helpful. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221137428 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507

Categorical perception of Mandarin lexical tones in language-delayed autistic children / Yicheng RONG in Autism, 27-5 (July 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 27-5 (July 2023) . - p.1426-1437 Titre : Categorical perception of Mandarin lexical tones in language-delayed autistic children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Yicheng RONG, Auteur ; Yi WENG, Auteur ; Fei CHEN, Auteur ; Gang PENG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1426-1437 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autistic children;categorical perception;language ability;lexical tones;Mandarin;tone language Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Enhanced pitch perception has been identified in autistic individuals, but it remains understudied whether such enhancement can be observed in the lexical tone perception of language-delayed autistic children. This study examined the categorical perception of Mandarin lexical tones in 23 language-delayed autistic children and two groups of non-autistic children, with one matched on chronological age (n?=?23) and the other on developmental age in language ability (n?=?23). The participants were required to identify and discriminate lexical tones. A wider identification boundary width and a lower between-category discrimination accuracy were found in autistic children than their chronological-age-matched non-autistic peers, but the autistic group exhibited seemingly comparable performance to the group of developmental-age-matched non-autistic children. While both non-autistic groups displayed a typical categorical perception pattern with enhanced sensitivity to between-category tone pairs relative to within-category ones, such a categorical perception pattern was not observed in the autistic group. These findings suggest among language-delayed autistic children with a developmental age around 4, categorical perception is still developing. Finally, we found categorical perception performance correlated with language ability, indicating autistic children?s language disability might be predictive of their poor categorical perception of speech sounds. Lay abstract Some theories suggested that autistic people have better pitch perception skills than non-autistic people. However, in a context where pitch patterns are used to differentiate word meanings (i.e. lexical tones), autistic people may encounter difficulties, especially those with less language experience. We tested this by asking language-delayed autistic children to identify and discriminate two Mandarin lexical tones (/yi/ with Tone 1, meaning "clothes"; /yi/ with Tone 2, meaning "aunt"; /yi/: the standard romanization of Mandarin Chinese). On average, these autistic children were 7.35?years old, but their developmental age in language ability was 4.20, lagging behind 7-year-old non-autistic children in terms of language ability. Autistic children?s performance in identifying and discriminating lexical tones was compared with two groups of non-autistic children: one group was matched with the autistic group on age, and the other was matched based on language ability. Autistic children performed differently from the non-autistic children matched on age, while autistic and non-autistic children matched on language ability exhibited seemingly similar performance. However, both the non-autistic groups have developed the perceptual ability to process lexical tones as different categories, but this ability was still developing in autistic children. Finally, we found autistic children who performed worse in identifying lexical tones had poorer language ability. The results suggest that language disability might have adverse influence on the development of skills of speech sound processing. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221138687 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507 [article] Categorical perception of Mandarin lexical tones in language-delayed autistic children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Yicheng RONG, Auteur ; Yi WENG, Auteur ; Fei CHEN, Auteur ; Gang PENG, Auteur . - p.1426-1437. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 27-5 (July 2023) . - p.1426-1437 Mots-clés : autistic children;categorical perception;language ability;lexical tones;Mandarin;tone language Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Enhanced pitch perception has been identified in autistic individuals, but it remains understudied whether such enhancement can be observed in the lexical tone perception of language-delayed autistic children. This study examined the categorical perception of Mandarin lexical tones in 23 language-delayed autistic children and two groups of non-autistic children, with one matched on chronological age (n?=?23) and the other on developmental age in language ability (n?=?23). The participants were required to identify and discriminate lexical tones. A wider identification boundary width and a lower between-category discrimination accuracy were found in autistic children than their chronological-age-matched non-autistic peers, but the autistic group exhibited seemingly comparable performance to the group of developmental-age-matched non-autistic children. While both non-autistic groups displayed a typical categorical perception pattern with enhanced sensitivity to between-category tone pairs relative to within-category ones, such a categorical perception pattern was not observed in the autistic group. These findings suggest among language-delayed autistic children with a developmental age around 4, categorical perception is still developing. Finally, we found categorical perception performance correlated with language ability, indicating autistic children?s language disability might be predictive of their poor categorical perception of speech sounds. Lay abstract Some theories suggested that autistic people have better pitch perception skills than non-autistic people. However, in a context where pitch patterns are used to differentiate word meanings (i.e. lexical tones), autistic people may encounter difficulties, especially those with less language experience. We tested this by asking language-delayed autistic children to identify and discriminate two Mandarin lexical tones (/yi/ with Tone 1, meaning "clothes"; /yi/ with Tone 2, meaning "aunt"; /yi/: the standard romanization of Mandarin Chinese). On average, these autistic children were 7.35?years old, but their developmental age in language ability was 4.20, lagging behind 7-year-old non-autistic children in terms of language ability. Autistic children?s performance in identifying and discriminating lexical tones was compared with two groups of non-autistic children: one group was matched with the autistic group on age, and the other was matched based on language ability. Autistic children performed differently from the non-autistic children matched on age, while autistic and non-autistic children matched on language ability exhibited seemingly similar performance. However, both the non-autistic groups have developed the perceptual ability to process lexical tones as different categories, but this ability was still developing in autistic children. Finally, we found autistic children who performed worse in identifying lexical tones had poorer language ability. The results suggest that language disability might have adverse influence on the development of skills of speech sound processing. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221138687 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507

Are autistic people disadvantaged by the criminal justice system? A case comparison / Rachel SLAVNY-CROSS in Autism, 27-5 (July 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 27-5 (July 2023) . - p.1438-1448 Titre : Are autistic people disadvantaged by the criminal justice system? A case comparison Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rachel SLAVNY-CROSS, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Sarah GRIFFITHS, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1438-1448 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism;criminal justice;meltdown;reasonable adjustments;shutdown Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The UK government identified "improving support within the criminal justice systems" as a priority for autistic people. There is a lack of quantitative research to enable policymakers to make evidence-based decisions on how to improve access to justice for autistic people. This study used a case-comparison design to compare the experiences of 145 autistic and 116 non-autistic adults who had been arrested at some point in their life. Autistic participants were nearly five times more likely to state that they were not given an appropriate adult even though they believed they needed one and felt less able to communicate with the police. Autistic participants felt less able to cope with stress, twice as likely to have experienced meltdowns and five times more likely to have experienced shutdowns because of their criminal justice involvement. We conclude that there are inequalities that autistic people face when navigating the criminal justice system and the degree to which they can participate effectively in the justice process. This has an impact on their mental health. Policy recommendations are discussed based on this evidence. Lay Abstract Most autistic people will never experience being arrested or charged with a crime, however for those who do tend to be less satisfied with the way they were treated. The purpose of this study was to find out if autistic people are being disadvantaged by the criminal justice system if they are arrested. Previous research has shown that autistic people may have difficulties communicating with the police. This study builds on this knowledge by uncovering why autistic people may not feel able to communicate with the police and whether the police made any adjustments to help them. This study also measures the impact of being involved with the criminal justice system on autistic people?s mental health, such as stress, meltdowns and shutdowns. The results show that autistic people were not always given the support they felt they needed. For example, not all autistic people had an appropriate adult with them at the police station who could help to make sure they understood what was happening around them. Autistic people were also more likely to feel less able to cope with the stress and more likely to suffer meltdowns and shutdowns because of their involvement with the criminal justice system. We hope this study will help police officers and lawyers to better support autistic people if they become involved with the criminal justice system. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221140284 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507 [article] Are autistic people disadvantaged by the criminal justice system? A case comparison [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rachel SLAVNY-CROSS, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Sarah GRIFFITHS, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur . - p.1438-1448. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 27-5 (July 2023) . - p.1438-1448 Mots-clés : autism;criminal justice;meltdown;reasonable adjustments;shutdown Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The UK government identified "improving support within the criminal justice systems" as a priority for autistic people. There is a lack of quantitative research to enable policymakers to make evidence-based decisions on how to improve access to justice for autistic people. This study used a case-comparison design to compare the experiences of 145 autistic and 116 non-autistic adults who had been arrested at some point in their life. Autistic participants were nearly five times more likely to state that they were not given an appropriate adult even though they believed they needed one and felt less able to communicate with the police. Autistic participants felt less able to cope with stress, twice as likely to have experienced meltdowns and five times more likely to have experienced shutdowns because of their criminal justice involvement. We conclude that there are inequalities that autistic people face when navigating the criminal justice system and the degree to which they can participate effectively in the justice process. This has an impact on their mental health. Policy recommendations are discussed based on this evidence. Lay Abstract Most autistic people will never experience being arrested or charged with a crime, however for those who do tend to be less satisfied with the way they were treated. The purpose of this study was to find out if autistic people are being disadvantaged by the criminal justice system if they are arrested. Previous research has shown that autistic people may have difficulties communicating with the police. This study builds on this knowledge by uncovering why autistic people may not feel able to communicate with the police and whether the police made any adjustments to help them. This study also measures the impact of being involved with the criminal justice system on autistic people?s mental health, such as stress, meltdowns and shutdowns. The results show that autistic people were not always given the support they felt they needed. For example, not all autistic people had an appropriate adult with them at the police station who could help to make sure they understood what was happening around them. Autistic people were also more likely to feel less able to cope with the stress and more likely to suffer meltdowns and shutdowns because of their involvement with the criminal justice system. We hope this study will help police officers and lawyers to better support autistic people if they become involved with the criminal justice system. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221140284 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507

Gendered play behaviours in autistic and non-autistic children: A population-based cohort study / Laura HULL in Autism, 27-5 (July 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 27-5 (July 2023) . - p.1449-1460 Titre : Gendered play behaviours in autistic and non-autistic children: A population-based cohort study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Laura HULL, Auteur ; Hein HEUVELMAN, Auteur ; Jean GOLDING, Auteur ; William MANDY, Auteur ; Dheeraj RAI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1449-1460 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : development;gender;play;sex Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Gender-typical play is observed throughout childhood for non-autistic children. However, there has been limited research into the gender typicality of autistic children?s play compared to that of non-autistic children. In a longitudinal population-based cohort, we compared gendered play behaviours in autistic and non-autistic children using standardised parent-report (30, 42 and 57?months) and child-report (8?years) data (N?=?11,251). We observed no difference in gendered play behaviours between girls with or without autism at any time point. Autistic and non-autistic boys did not differ in the gender typicality of their play when aged 30?months, but the play of autistic boys appeared less masculine than that of non-autistic boys (??=??1.1, 95% confidence interval?=??2.1 to ?0.2; and ??=??2.6, 95% confidence interval?=??4.7 to ?0.5) at 42 and 57?months. Autistic boys also self-reported less masculine play behaviours than non-autistic boys at 8?years of age (??=??3.4, 95% confidence interval?=??6.6 to ?0.2). We found that autistic boys' play was less gender typical than that of non-autistic boys in middle and later childhood. Our findings highlight the importance of examining gendered play behaviours in a developmental context and have relevance for understanding the development of gender identity in autism. Lay abstract Non-autistic children tend to show gendered patterns of play behaviours - boys are more likely to play with "masculine" toys, and girls are more likely to play with "feminine" toys. However, little is known about whether autistic children follow these patterns as well. We looked at the masculinity and femininity of autistic and non-autistic children?s play behaviours at multiple time points. Parents reported their children?s play behaviours at ages 30, 42 and 57?months, and children reported their own play behaviours at 8?years old. We found no difference between autistic and non-autistic girls, who both showed more feminine play behaviours as they got older. Autistic boys' play behaviours were reported as less masculine than non-autistic boys at 42 and 57?months, and at 8?years old. We also found that non-autistic boys' play tended to become more masculine as they got older, but this was not the case for autistic boys. Our findings suggest that differences in autistic and non-autistic boys' play behaviours may develop at around 42?months old. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221139373 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507 [article] Gendered play behaviours in autistic and non-autistic children: A population-based cohort study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Laura HULL, Auteur ; Hein HEUVELMAN, Auteur ; Jean GOLDING, Auteur ; William MANDY, Auteur ; Dheeraj RAI, Auteur . - p.1449-1460. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 27-5 (July 2023) . - p.1449-1460 Mots-clés : development;gender;play;sex Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Gender-typical play is observed throughout childhood for non-autistic children. However, there has been limited research into the gender typicality of autistic children?s play compared to that of non-autistic children. In a longitudinal population-based cohort, we compared gendered play behaviours in autistic and non-autistic children using standardised parent-report (30, 42 and 57?months) and child-report (8?years) data (N?=?11,251). We observed no difference in gendered play behaviours between girls with or without autism at any time point. Autistic and non-autistic boys did not differ in the gender typicality of their play when aged 30?months, but the play of autistic boys appeared less masculine than that of non-autistic boys (??=??1.1, 95% confidence interval?=??2.1 to ?0.2; and ??=??2.6, 95% confidence interval?=??4.7 to ?0.5) at 42 and 57?months. Autistic boys also self-reported less masculine play behaviours than non-autistic boys at 8?years of age (??=??3.4, 95% confidence interval?=??6.6 to ?0.2). We found that autistic boys' play was less gender typical than that of non-autistic boys in middle and later childhood. Our findings highlight the importance of examining gendered play behaviours in a developmental context and have relevance for understanding the development of gender identity in autism. Lay abstract Non-autistic children tend to show gendered patterns of play behaviours - boys are more likely to play with "masculine" toys, and girls are more likely to play with "feminine" toys. However, little is known about whether autistic children follow these patterns as well. We looked at the masculinity and femininity of autistic and non-autistic children?s play behaviours at multiple time points. Parents reported their children?s play behaviours at ages 30, 42 and 57?months, and children reported their own play behaviours at 8?years old. We found no difference between autistic and non-autistic girls, who both showed more feminine play behaviours as they got older. Autistic boys' play behaviours were reported as less masculine than non-autistic boys at 42 and 57?months, and at 8?years old. We also found that non-autistic boys' play tended to become more masculine as they got older, but this was not the case for autistic boys. Our findings suggest that differences in autistic and non-autistic boys' play behaviours may develop at around 42?months old. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221139373 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507

Acceptance and commitment therapy for autistic adults: A randomized controlled pilot study in a psychiatric outpatient setting / Johan PAHNKE in Autism, 27-5 (July 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 27-5 (July 2023) . - p.1461-1476 Titre : Acceptance and commitment therapy for autistic adults: A randomized controlled pilot study in a psychiatric outpatient setting Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Johan PAHNKE, Auteur ; Markus JANSSON-FRÖJMARK, Auteur ; Gerhard ANDERSSON, Auteur ; Johan BJUREBERG, Auteur ; Jussi JOKINEN, Auteur ; Benjamin BOHMAN, Auteur ; Tobias LUNDGREN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1461-1476 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : acceptance and commitment therapy;anxiety;autism;cognitive defusion;depression;interventions-psychosocial/behavioral;mindfulness;psychological flexibility;quality of life;stress Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic adults are at risk of stress-related psychiatric disorders and reduced life quality due to social, cognitive, and perceptual challenges. Mental health interventions adapted to autistic adults are scarce. Acceptance and commitment therapy has preliminarily indicated health benefits in autistic adults, although it has not been robustly evaluated. Overall, 39 adults (21 males; 21-72?years) with autism spectrum disorder and normal intellectual ability (IQ M?=?108.5; SD?=?13.5) were randomized to 14?weeks of adapted acceptance and commitment therapy group treatment (NeuroACT) or treatment as usual. The intervention was feasible. Perceived stress and quality of life (primary outcomes), alongside psychological inflexibility, cognitive fusion, cognitive and behavioral avoidance, and autistic mannerism were statistically significantly improved in NeuroACT compared with treatment as usual (d?=?0.70-0.90). Clinically significant changes in perceived stress and quality of life were in favor of NeuroACT. Between-group altered depression, anxiety, sleep problems, one quality of life measure, functional impairment, social aspects of autism, and executive difficulties were statistically non-significant. Dropout was slightly higher in NeuroACT. NeuroACT may be a promising treatment for autistic adults with co-existing stress and reduced quality of life. More extensive studies are warranted to evaluate NeuroACT further. Lay abstract Autistic adults are often stressed and feel depressed or anxious. However, mental health programs that are suited for autistic adults are few. Acceptance and commitment therapy is a psychotherapy method that seems to help people feel better, although not thoroughly evaluated in autistic individuals. In this study, 20 autistic adults had 14?weeks of acceptance and commitment therapy group treatment suited for autism (NeuroACT), while 19 autistic adults had ordinary care. The acceptance and commitment therapy group treatment program seemed logical and reasonable to the participants. Also, when comparing the participants in the NeuroACT group with those in the ordinary care group, the NeuroACT participants reported less stress and higher quality of life. Compared to the ordinary care group, they could also manage distressing thoughts better, perceived themselves as more flexible, and did not avoid stressful situations as much as before. However, there was no significant difference between the groups in depression, anxiety, sleep problems, social aspects of autism, everyday functioning, or executive challenges. Slightly more NeuroACT participants did not finish the treatment than ordinary care participants. In conclusion, the NeuroACT program may be a treatment for autistic adults who feel stressed and have reduced quality of life. More studies are needed to see how helpful the NeuroACT program is for autistic adults. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221140749 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507 [article] Acceptance and commitment therapy for autistic adults: A randomized controlled pilot study in a psychiatric outpatient setting [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Johan PAHNKE, Auteur ; Markus JANSSON-FRÖJMARK, Auteur ; Gerhard ANDERSSON, Auteur ; Johan BJUREBERG, Auteur ; Jussi JOKINEN, Auteur ; Benjamin BOHMAN, Auteur ; Tobias LUNDGREN, Auteur . - p.1461-1476. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 27-5 (July 2023) . - p.1461-1476 Mots-clés : acceptance and commitment therapy;anxiety;autism;cognitive defusion;depression;interventions-psychosocial/behavioral;mindfulness;psychological flexibility;quality of life;stress Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic adults are at risk of stress-related psychiatric disorders and reduced life quality due to social, cognitive, and perceptual challenges. Mental health interventions adapted to autistic adults are scarce. Acceptance and commitment therapy has preliminarily indicated health benefits in autistic adults, although it has not been robustly evaluated. Overall, 39 adults (21 males; 21-72?years) with autism spectrum disorder and normal intellectual ability (IQ M?=?108.5; SD?=?13.5) were randomized to 14?weeks of adapted acceptance and commitment therapy group treatment (NeuroACT) or treatment as usual. The intervention was feasible. Perceived stress and quality of life (primary outcomes), alongside psychological inflexibility, cognitive fusion, cognitive and behavioral avoidance, and autistic mannerism were statistically significantly improved in NeuroACT compared with treatment as usual (d?=?0.70-0.90). Clinically significant changes in perceived stress and quality of life were in favor of NeuroACT. Between-group altered depression, anxiety, sleep problems, one quality of life measure, functional impairment, social aspects of autism, and executive difficulties were statistically non-significant. Dropout was slightly higher in NeuroACT. NeuroACT may be a promising treatment for autistic adults with co-existing stress and reduced quality of life. More extensive studies are warranted to evaluate NeuroACT further. Lay abstract Autistic adults are often stressed and feel depressed or anxious. However, mental health programs that are suited for autistic adults are few. Acceptance and commitment therapy is a psychotherapy method that seems to help people feel better, although not thoroughly evaluated in autistic individuals. In this study, 20 autistic adults had 14?weeks of acceptance and commitment therapy group treatment suited for autism (NeuroACT), while 19 autistic adults had ordinary care. The acceptance and commitment therapy group treatment program seemed logical and reasonable to the participants. Also, when comparing the participants in the NeuroACT group with those in the ordinary care group, the NeuroACT participants reported less stress and higher quality of life. Compared to the ordinary care group, they could also manage distressing thoughts better, perceived themselves as more flexible, and did not avoid stressful situations as much as before. However, there was no significant difference between the groups in depression, anxiety, sleep problems, social aspects of autism, everyday functioning, or executive challenges. Slightly more NeuroACT participants did not finish the treatment than ordinary care participants. In conclusion, the NeuroACT program may be a treatment for autistic adults who feel stressed and have reduced quality of life. More studies are needed to see how helpful the NeuroACT program is for autistic adults. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221140749 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507

Autistic and non-autistic young people?s and caregivers' perspectives on COVID-19-related schooling changes and their impact on emotional well-being: An opportunity for change? / Ann OZSIVADJIAN in Autism, 27-5 (July 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 27-5 (July 2023) . - p.1477-1491 Titre : Autistic and non-autistic young people?s and caregivers' perspectives on COVID-19-related schooling changes and their impact on emotional well-being: An opportunity for change? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ann OZSIVADJIAN, Auteur ; Victoria MILNER, Auteur ; Hannah PICKARD, Auteur ; Matthew J. HOLLOCKS, Auteur ; Sebastian B. GAIGG, Auteur ; Emma COLVERT, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur ; Iliana MAGIATI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1477-1491 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : anxiety;autism spectrum disorders;education services;environmental factors;mental health Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic children and young people experience poorer mental health and well-being compared to their non-autistic peers. Navigating the complex social, academic, procedural and sensory aspects of school may be particularly challenging for autistic young people and contribute to poorer mental well-being. The COVID-19 pandemic caused unprecedented school changes and provided a unique opportunity to gather caregiver?s and young people?s perspectives on the impact of school and pandemic-related school changes on the well-being of both autistic and non-autistic young people. Open-text online survey data from 71 caregivers (of n?=?45 autistic young people) and 30 young people aged 11-18?years (n?=?18 autistic) gathered across three timepoints between May and December 2020 during the pandemic revealed both benefits and challenges associated with school changes. Insights into possible lessons from the pandemic and recommendations for more flexible, individualised and strengths-based educational practices going forward are discussed. Lay abstract Autistic young people experience poorer mental health and well-being compared to their non-autistic peers. Navigating the complex social, academic, procedural and sensory aspects of school may be particularly challenging for autistic young people and contribute to poorer mental well-being. The COVID-19 pandemic caused unprecedented school changes and provided a unique opportunity to gather caregiver?s and young people?s perspectives on the impact of school and pandemic-related school changes on the well-being of both autistic and non-autistic young people. We asked for the views of caregivers and young people aged 11-18?years gathered across three timepoints between May and December 2020. Their responses revealed both benefits and challenges associated with school changes. Insights into possible lessons from the pandemic and recommendations for more flexible, individualised and strengths-based educational practices are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221140759 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507 [article] Autistic and non-autistic young people?s and caregivers' perspectives on COVID-19-related schooling changes and their impact on emotional well-being: An opportunity for change? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ann OZSIVADJIAN, Auteur ; Victoria MILNER, Auteur ; Hannah PICKARD, Auteur ; Matthew J. HOLLOCKS, Auteur ; Sebastian B. GAIGG, Auteur ; Emma COLVERT, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur ; Iliana MAGIATI, Auteur . - p.1477-1491. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 27-5 (July 2023) . - p.1477-1491 Mots-clés : anxiety;autism spectrum disorders;education services;environmental factors;mental health Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic children and young people experience poorer mental health and well-being compared to their non-autistic peers. Navigating the complex social, academic, procedural and sensory aspects of school may be particularly challenging for autistic young people and contribute to poorer mental well-being. The COVID-19 pandemic caused unprecedented school changes and provided a unique opportunity to gather caregiver?s and young people?s perspectives on the impact of school and pandemic-related school changes on the well-being of both autistic and non-autistic young people. Open-text online survey data from 71 caregivers (of n?=?45 autistic young people) and 30 young people aged 11-18?years (n?=?18 autistic) gathered across three timepoints between May and December 2020 during the pandemic revealed both benefits and challenges associated with school changes. Insights into possible lessons from the pandemic and recommendations for more flexible, individualised and strengths-based educational practices going forward are discussed. Lay abstract Autistic young people experience poorer mental health and well-being compared to their non-autistic peers. Navigating the complex social, academic, procedural and sensory aspects of school may be particularly challenging for autistic young people and contribute to poorer mental well-being. The COVID-19 pandemic caused unprecedented school changes and provided a unique opportunity to gather caregiver?s and young people?s perspectives on the impact of school and pandemic-related school changes on the well-being of both autistic and non-autistic young people. We asked for the views of caregivers and young people aged 11-18?years gathered across three timepoints between May and December 2020. Their responses revealed both benefits and challenges associated with school changes. Insights into possible lessons from the pandemic and recommendations for more flexible, individualised and strengths-based educational practices are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221140759 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507

Explicit stigma and implicit biases toward autism in South Korea versus the United States / So Yoon KIM in Autism, 27-5 (July 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 27-5 (July 2023) . - p.1492-1507 Titre : Explicit stigma and implicit biases toward autism in South Korea versus the United States Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : So Yoon KIM, Auteur ; Jeong Eun CHEON, Auteur ; Kristen GILLESPIE-LYNCH, Auteur ; Jennifer GRANDITS, Auteur ; Young-Hoon KIM, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1492-1507 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : assimilation;autism;cross-cultural;implicit biases;stigma Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This cross-cultural study examined Koreans' and Americans' explicit stigma and implicit biases toward autism to examine potential mechanisms underlying recent evidence for heightened explicit autism stigma in South Korea relative to the United States. This evidence is somewhat at odds with other evidence that individuals living in collectivistic cultures such as South Korea may be more prone to present themselves favorably than those living in relatively individualistic cultures such as the United States. A total 224 American and 536 Korean non-autistic adult participants completed an online survey. Implicit biases were measured using the implicit association test. Koreans reported greater explicit stigma and exhibited more implicit biases toward autism than Americans. Explicit stigma was not correlated with implicit biases in either country. Less autism knowledge and pleasant contact with autistic people predicted greater explicit stigma among both Koreans and Americans. Less frequent contact and heightened assimilation ideology toward ethnic minorities predicted greater stigma only among Koreans. The variance in implicit biases explained by predictors was small, emphasizing the need for follow-up research investigating predictors of implicit biases. Informing Koreans about the shortcomings of assimilationist approaches and fostering an appreciation of the plurality of cultures may reduce stigma toward autistic individuals in South Korea. Lay abstract How people report their feelings about autism may be different from how they actually think about autism because some people may not want to reveal their true feelings. People who value the group?s goal tend to present themselves as more socially acceptable than people who value one person?s interests. We studied how people in South Korea and the United States report their feelings about autism and think about autism. Koreans tend to value the group?s goals. Americans tend to prefer one person?s goals. Koreans reported that they wanted more space from autistic people than Americans did. Koreans were more likely to think about autism with negative words (and think more negatively about autism). How Koreans and Americans report their feelings about autism was not related to their thoughts about autism. People who knew about autism and liked meeting with autistic people wanted to get closer to autistic people in South Korea and the US, Koreans who had met autistic people and thought that people who newly came to Korea from abroad should be more like Koreans did not want to get very close to autistic people. This could be because very few foreign people live in South Korea compared to the United States. Teaching Koreans that all cultures have values and should be appreciated will help them like autistic people more. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221140695 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507 [article] Explicit stigma and implicit biases toward autism in South Korea versus the United States [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / So Yoon KIM, Auteur ; Jeong Eun CHEON, Auteur ; Kristen GILLESPIE-LYNCH, Auteur ; Jennifer GRANDITS, Auteur ; Young-Hoon KIM, Auteur . - p.1492-1507. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 27-5 (July 2023) . - p.1492-1507 Mots-clés : assimilation;autism;cross-cultural;implicit biases;stigma Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This cross-cultural study examined Koreans' and Americans' explicit stigma and implicit biases toward autism to examine potential mechanisms underlying recent evidence for heightened explicit autism stigma in South Korea relative to the United States. This evidence is somewhat at odds with other evidence that individuals living in collectivistic cultures such as South Korea may be more prone to present themselves favorably than those living in relatively individualistic cultures such as the United States. A total 224 American and 536 Korean non-autistic adult participants completed an online survey. Implicit biases were measured using the implicit association test. Koreans reported greater explicit stigma and exhibited more implicit biases toward autism than Americans. Explicit stigma was not correlated with implicit biases in either country. Less autism knowledge and pleasant contact with autistic people predicted greater explicit stigma among both Koreans and Americans. Less frequent contact and heightened assimilation ideology toward ethnic minorities predicted greater stigma only among Koreans. The variance in implicit biases explained by predictors was small, emphasizing the need for follow-up research investigating predictors of implicit biases. Informing Koreans about the shortcomings of assimilationist approaches and fostering an appreciation of the plurality of cultures may reduce stigma toward autistic individuals in South Korea. Lay abstract How people report their feelings about autism may be different from how they actually think about autism because some people may not want to reveal their true feelings. People who value the group?s goal tend to present themselves as more socially acceptable than people who value one person?s interests. We studied how people in South Korea and the United States report their feelings about autism and think about autism. Koreans tend to value the group?s goals. Americans tend to prefer one person?s goals. Koreans reported that they wanted more space from autistic people than Americans did. Koreans were more likely to think about autism with negative words (and think more negatively about autism). How Koreans and Americans report their feelings about autism was not related to their thoughts about autism. People who knew about autism and liked meeting with autistic people wanted to get closer to autistic people in South Korea and the US, Koreans who had met autistic people and thought that people who newly came to Korea from abroad should be more like Koreans did not want to get very close to autistic people. This could be because very few foreign people live in South Korea compared to the United States. Teaching Koreans that all cultures have values and should be appreciated will help them like autistic people more. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221140695 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507