Brief Report: Facial Asymmetry and Autistic-Like Traits in the General Population / Maryam BOUTRUS in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51-6 (June 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-6 (June 2021) . - p.2115-2123 Titre : Brief Report: Facial Asymmetry and Autistic-Like Traits in the General Population Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Maryam BOUTRUS, Auteur ; Z. GILANI, Auteur ; M. T. MAYBERY, Auteur ; Gail A. ALVARES, Auteur ; D. W. TAN, Auteur ; P. R. EASTWOOD, Auteur ; A. MIAN, Auteur ; Andrew J. O. WHITEHOUSE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2115-2123 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autistic Disorder/complications/pathology  Cephalometry  Face/diagnostic imaging/pathology  Facial Asymmetry/diagnostic imaging/psychology  Female  Humans  Imaging, Three-Dimensional  Male  Phenotype  Photography  Young Adult  Autism  Facial asymmetry  Morphology  Neurodevelopment  Neurotypical Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Atypical facial morphology, particularly increased facial asymmetry, has been identified in some individuals with Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC). Many cognitive, behavioural and biological features associated with ASC also occur on a continuum in the general population. The aim of the present study was to examine subthreshold levels of autistic traits and facial morphology in non-autistic individuals. Facial asymmetry was measured using three-dimensional facial photogrammetry, and the Autism-spectrum Quotient was used to measure autistic-like traits in a community-ascertained sample of young adults (n?=?289). After accounting for covariates, there were no significant associations observed between autistic-like traits and facial asymmetry, suggesting that any potential facial morphology differences linked to ASC may be limited to the clinical condition. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04661-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=452 [article] Brief Report: Facial Asymmetry and Autistic-Like Traits in the General Population [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Maryam BOUTRUS, Auteur ; Z. GILANI, Auteur ; M. T. MAYBERY, Auteur ; Gail A. ALVARES, Auteur ; D. W. TAN, Auteur ; P. R. EASTWOOD, Auteur ; A. MIAN, Auteur ; Andrew J. O. WHITEHOUSE, Auteur . - p.2115-2123. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-6 (June 2021) . - p.2115-2123 Mots-clés : Autistic Disorder/complications/pathology  Cephalometry  Face/diagnostic imaging/pathology  Facial Asymmetry/diagnostic imaging/psychology  Female  Humans  Imaging, Three-Dimensional  Male  Phenotype  Photography  Young Adult  Autism  Facial asymmetry  Morphology  Neurodevelopment  Neurotypical Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Atypical facial morphology, particularly increased facial asymmetry, has been identified in some individuals with Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC). Many cognitive, behavioural and biological features associated with ASC also occur on a continuum in the general population. The aim of the present study was to examine subthreshold levels of autistic traits and facial morphology in non-autistic individuals. Facial asymmetry was measured using three-dimensional facial photogrammetry, and the Autism-spectrum Quotient was used to measure autistic-like traits in a community-ascertained sample of young adults (n?=?289). After accounting for covariates, there were no significant associations observed between autistic-like traits and facial asymmetry, suggesting that any potential facial morphology differences linked to ASC may be limited to the clinical condition. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04661-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=452

Facial asymmetry in parents of children on the autism spectrum / D. W. TAN in Autism Research, 14-11 (November 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-11 (November 2021) . - p.2260-2269 Titre : Facial asymmetry in parents of children on the autism spectrum Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : D. W. TAN, Auteur ; S. Z. GILANI, Auteur ; Maryam BOUTRUS, Auteur ; Gail A. ALVARES, Auteur ; Andrew J. O. WHITEHOUSE, Auteur ; A. MIAN, Auteur ; D. SUTER, Auteur ; M. T. MAYBERY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2260-2269 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnostic imaging  Autistic Disorder  Child  Face/diagnostic imaging  Facial Asymmetry  Female  Humans  Middle Aged  Parents  autism spectrum disorder  broad autism phenotype  facial asymmetry  facial morphology  heritability  neurodevelopment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Greater facial asymmetry has been consistently found in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) relative to children without ASD. There is substantial evidence that both facial structure and the recurrence of ASD diagnosis are highly heritable within a nuclear family. Furthermore, sub-clinical levels of autistic-like behavioural characteristics have also been reported in first-degree relatives of individuals with ASD, commonly known as the 'broad autism phenotype'. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to examine whether a broad autism phenotype expresses as facial asymmetry among 192 biological parents of autistic individuals (134 mothers) compared to those of 163 age-matched adults without a family history of ASD (113 females). Using dense surface-modelling techniques on three dimensional facial images, we found evidence for greater facial asymmetry in parents of autistic individuals compared to age-matched adults in the comparison group (p =?0.046, d =?0.21 [0.002, 0.42]). Considering previous findings and the current results, we conclude that facial asymmetry expressed in the facial morphology of autistic children may be related to heritability factors. LAY ABSTRACT: In a previous study, we showed that autistic children presented with greater facial asymmetry than non-autistic children. In the current study, we examined the amount of facial asymmetry shown on three-dimensional facial images of 192 parents of autistic children compared to a control group consisting of 163 similarly aged adults with no known history of autism. Although parents did show greater levels of facial asymmetry than those in the control group, this effect is statistically small. We concluded that the facial asymmetry previously found in autistic children may be related to genetic factors. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2612 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450 [article] Facial asymmetry in parents of children on the autism spectrum [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / D. W. TAN, Auteur ; S. Z. GILANI, Auteur ; Maryam BOUTRUS, Auteur ; Gail A. ALVARES, Auteur ; Andrew J. O. WHITEHOUSE, Auteur ; A. MIAN, Auteur ; D. SUTER, Auteur ; M. T. MAYBERY, Auteur . - p.2260-2269. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-11 (November 2021) . - p.2260-2269 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnostic imaging  Autistic Disorder  Child  Face/diagnostic imaging  Facial Asymmetry  Female  Humans  Middle Aged  Parents  autism spectrum disorder  broad autism phenotype  facial asymmetry  facial morphology  heritability  neurodevelopment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Greater facial asymmetry has been consistently found in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) relative to children without ASD. There is substantial evidence that both facial structure and the recurrence of ASD diagnosis are highly heritable within a nuclear family. Furthermore, sub-clinical levels of autistic-like behavioural characteristics have also been reported in first-degree relatives of individuals with ASD, commonly known as the 'broad autism phenotype'. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to examine whether a broad autism phenotype expresses as facial asymmetry among 192 biological parents of autistic individuals (134 mothers) compared to those of 163 age-matched adults without a family history of ASD (113 females). Using dense surface-modelling techniques on three dimensional facial images, we found evidence for greater facial asymmetry in parents of autistic individuals compared to age-matched adults in the comparison group (p =?0.046, d =?0.21 [0.002, 0.42]). Considering previous findings and the current results, we conclude that facial asymmetry expressed in the facial morphology of autistic children may be related to heritability factors. LAY ABSTRACT: In a previous study, we showed that autistic children presented with greater facial asymmetry than non-autistic children. In the current study, we examined the amount of facial asymmetry shown on three-dimensional facial images of 192 parents of autistic children compared to a control group consisting of 163 similarly aged adults with no known history of autism. Although parents did show greater levels of facial asymmetry than those in the control group, this effect is statistically small. We concluded that the facial asymmetry previously found in autistic children may be related to genetic factors. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2612 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450

Increased facial asymmetry in autism spectrum conditions is associated with symptom presentation / Maryam BOUTRUS in Autism Research, 12-12 (December)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-12 (December) . - p.1774-1783 Titre : Increased facial asymmetry in autism spectrum conditions is associated with symptom presentation Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Maryam BOUTRUS, Auteur ; S. Z. GILANI, Auteur ; Gail A. ALVARES, Auteur ; M. T. MAYBERY, Auteur ; D. W. TAN, Auteur ; A. MIAN, Auteur ; Andrew J. O. WHITEHOUSE, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : p.1774-1783 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  facial asymmetry  morphology  neurodevelopment  subgroups Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A key research priority in the study of autism spectrum conditions (ASC) is the discovery of biological markers that may help to identify and elucidate etiologically distinct subgroups. One physical marker that has received increasing research attention is facial structure. Although there remains little consensus in the field, findings relating to greater facial asymmetry (FA) in ASC exhibit some consistency. As there is growing recognition of the importance of replicatory studies in ASC research, the aim of this study was to investigate the replicability of increased FA in autistic children compared to nonautistic peers. Using three-dimensional photogrammetry, this study examined FA in 84 autistic children, 110 typically developing children with no family history of the condition, and 49 full siblings of autistic children. In support of previous literature, significantly greater depth-wise FA was identified in autistic children relative to the two comparison groups. As a further investigation, increased lateral FA in autistic children was found to be associated with greater severity of ASC symptoms on the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, second edition, specifically related to repetitive and restrictive behaviors. These outcomes provide an important and independent replication of increased FA in ASC, as well as a novel contribution to the field. Having confirmed the direction and areas of increased FA in ASC, these findings could motivate a search for potential underlying brain dysmorphogenesis. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1774-1783. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This study looked at the amount of facial asymmetry (FA) in autistic children compared to typically developing children and children who have siblings with autism. The study found that autistic children, compared to the other two groups, had greater FA, and that increased FA was related to greater severity of autistic symptoms. The face and brain grow together during the earliest stages of development, and so findings of facial differences in autism might inform future studies of early brain differences associated with the condition. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2161 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=413 [article] Increased facial asymmetry in autism spectrum conditions is associated with symptom presentation [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Maryam BOUTRUS, Auteur ; S. Z. GILANI, Auteur ; Gail A. ALVARES, Auteur ; M. T. MAYBERY, Auteur ; D. W. TAN, Auteur ; A. MIAN, Auteur ; Andrew J. O. WHITEHOUSE, Auteur . - 2019 . - p.1774-1783. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-12 (December) . - p.1774-1783 Mots-clés : autism  facial asymmetry  morphology  neurodevelopment  subgroups Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A key research priority in the study of autism spectrum conditions (ASC) is the discovery of biological markers that may help to identify and elucidate etiologically distinct subgroups. One physical marker that has received increasing research attention is facial structure. Although there remains little consensus in the field, findings relating to greater facial asymmetry (FA) in ASC exhibit some consistency. As there is growing recognition of the importance of replicatory studies in ASC research, the aim of this study was to investigate the replicability of increased FA in autistic children compared to nonautistic peers. Using three-dimensional photogrammetry, this study examined FA in 84 autistic children, 110 typically developing children with no family history of the condition, and 49 full siblings of autistic children. In support of previous literature, significantly greater depth-wise FA was identified in autistic children relative to the two comparison groups. As a further investigation, increased lateral FA in autistic children was found to be associated with greater severity of ASC symptoms on the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, second edition, specifically related to repetitive and restrictive behaviors. These outcomes provide an important and independent replication of increased FA in ASC, as well as a novel contribution to the field. Having confirmed the direction and areas of increased FA in ASC, these findings could motivate a search for potential underlying brain dysmorphogenesis. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1774-1783. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This study looked at the amount of facial asymmetry (FA) in autistic children compared to typically developing children and children who have siblings with autism. The study found that autistic children, compared to the other two groups, had greater FA, and that increased FA was related to greater severity of autistic symptoms. The face and brain grow together during the earliest stages of development, and so findings of facial differences in autism might inform future studies of early brain differences associated with the condition. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2161 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=413

Sexually dimorphic facial features vary according to level of autistic-like traits in the general population / S. Z. GILANI in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 7-1 (December 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 7-1 (December 2015) . - p.14 Titre : Sexually dimorphic facial features vary according to level of autistic-like traits in the general population Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : S. Z. GILANI, Auteur ; D. W. TAN, Auteur ; S. N. RUSSELL-SMITH, Auteur ; M. T. MAYBERY, Auteur ; A. MIAN, Auteur ; P. R. EASTWOOD, Auteur ; F. SHAFAIT, Auteur ; M. GOONEWARDENE, Auteur ; Andrew J. O. WHITEHOUSE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.14 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Autism spectrum disorder  Facial features  Femininity  Gender defiant disorder  Hypermasculinisation  Masculinity  Raine study Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: In a recent study, Bejerot et al. observed that several physical features (including faces) of individuals with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were more androgynous than those of their typically developed counterparts, suggesting that ASD may be understood as a 'gender defiant' disorder. These findings are difficult to reconcile with the hypermasculinisation account, which proposes that ASD may be an exaggerated form of cognitive and biological masculinity. The current study extended these data by first identifying six facial features that best distinguished males and females from the general population and then examining these features in typically developing groups selected for high and low levels of autistic-like traits. METHODS: In study 1, three-dimensional (3D) facial images were collected from 208 young adult males and females recruited from the general population. Twenty-three facial distances were measured from these images and a gender classification and scoring algorithm was employed to identify a set of six facial features that most effectively distinguished male from female faces. In study 2, measurements of these six features were compared for groups of young adults selected for high (n = 46) or low (n = 66) levels of autistic-like traits. RESULTS: For each sex, four of the six sexually dimorphic facial distances significantly differentiated participants with high levels of autistic-like traits from those with low trait levels. All four features were less masculinised for high-trait males compared to low-trait males. Three of four features were less feminised for high-trait females compared to low-trait females. One feature was, however, not consistent with the general pattern of findings and was more feminised among females who reported more autistic-like traits. Based on the four significantly different facial distances for each sex, discriminant function analysis correctly classified 89.7% of the males and 88.9% of the females into their respective high- and low-trait groups. CONCLUSIONS: The current data provide support for Bejerot et al.'s androgyny account since males and females with high levels of autistic-like traits generally showed less sex-typical facial features than individuals with low levels of autistic-like traits. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-015-9109-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=347 [article] Sexually dimorphic facial features vary according to level of autistic-like traits in the general population [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / S. Z. GILANI, Auteur ; D. W. TAN, Auteur ; S. N. RUSSELL-SMITH, Auteur ; M. T. MAYBERY, Auteur ; A. MIAN, Auteur ; P. R. EASTWOOD, Auteur ; F. SHAFAIT, Auteur ; M. GOONEWARDENE, Auteur ; Andrew J. O. WHITEHOUSE, Auteur . - p.14. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 7-1 (December 2015) . - p.14 Mots-clés : Autism  Autism spectrum disorder  Facial features  Femininity  Gender defiant disorder  Hypermasculinisation  Masculinity  Raine study Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: In a recent study, Bejerot et al. observed that several physical features (including faces) of individuals with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were more androgynous than those of their typically developed counterparts, suggesting that ASD may be understood as a 'gender defiant' disorder. These findings are difficult to reconcile with the hypermasculinisation account, which proposes that ASD may be an exaggerated form of cognitive and biological masculinity. The current study extended these data by first identifying six facial features that best distinguished males and females from the general population and then examining these features in typically developing groups selected for high and low levels of autistic-like traits. METHODS: In study 1, three-dimensional (3D) facial images were collected from 208 young adult males and females recruited from the general population. Twenty-three facial distances were measured from these images and a gender classification and scoring algorithm was employed to identify a set of six facial features that most effectively distinguished male from female faces. In study 2, measurements of these six features were compared for groups of young adults selected for high (n = 46) or low (n = 66) levels of autistic-like traits. RESULTS: For each sex, four of the six sexually dimorphic facial distances significantly differentiated participants with high levels of autistic-like traits from those with low trait levels. All four features were less masculinised for high-trait males compared to low-trait males. Three of four features were less feminised for high-trait females compared to low-trait females. One feature was, however, not consistent with the general pattern of findings and was more feminised among females who reported more autistic-like traits. Based on the four significantly different facial distances for each sex, discriminant function analysis correctly classified 89.7% of the males and 88.9% of the females into their respective high- and low-trait groups. CONCLUSIONS: The current data provide support for Bejerot et al.'s androgyny account since males and females with high levels of autistic-like traits generally showed less sex-typical facial features than individuals with low levels of autistic-like traits. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-015-9109-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=347

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