Altered Neural Connectivity in Females, But Not Males with Autism: Preliminary Evidence for the Female Protective Effect from a Quality-Controlled Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study / J. LEI in Autism Research, 12-10 (October 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-10 (October 2019) . - p.1472-1483 Titre : Altered Neural Connectivity in Females, But Not Males with Autism: Preliminary Evidence for the Female Protective Effect from a Quality-Controlled Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : J. LEI, Auteur ; E. LECARIE, Auteur ; J. JURAYJ, Auteur ; S. BOLAND, Auteur ; D. G. SUKHODOLSKY, Auteur ; Pamela VENTOLA, Auteur ; Kevin A. PELPHREY, Auteur ; R. J. JOU, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1472-1483 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : anisotropy  autism spectrum disorder  diffusion tensor imaging  female  motion  sex characteristics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous studies using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to investigate white matter (WM) structural connectivity have suggested widespread, although inconsistent WM alterations in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), such as greater reductions in fractional anisotropy (FA). However, findings may lack generalizability because: (a) most have focused solely on the ASD male brain phenotype, and not sex-differences in WM integrity; (b) many lack stringent and transparent data quality control such as controlling for head motion in analysis. This study addressed both issues by using Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) to separately compare WM differences in 81 ASD (56 male, 25 female; 4-21 years old) and 39 typically developing (TD; 23 males, 16 females; 5-18 years old) children and young people, carefully group-matched on sex, age, cognitive abilities, and head motion. ASD males and females were also matched on autism symptom severity. Two independent-raters completed a multistep scan quality assurance to remove images that were significantly distorted by motion artifacts before analysis. ASD females exhibited significant widespread reductions in FA compared to TD females, suggesting altered WM integrity. In contrast, no significant localized or widespread WM differences were found between ASD and TD males. This study highlights the importance of data quality control in DTI, and outlines important sex-differences in WM alterations in ASD females. Future studies can explore the extent to which neural structural differences might underlie sex-differences in ASD behavioral phenotype, and guide clinical interventions to be tailored toward the unique needs of ASD females and males. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1472-1483. (c) 2019 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Previous Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) studies have found atypical brain structural connectivity in males with autism, although findings are inconclusive in females with autism. To investigate potential sex-differences, we studied males and females with and without autism who showed a similar level of head movement during their brain scan. We found that females with autism had widespread atypical neural connectivity than females without autism, although not in males, highlighting sex-differences. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2180 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=408 [article] Altered Neural Connectivity in Females, But Not Males with Autism: Preliminary Evidence for the Female Protective Effect from a Quality-Controlled Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / J. LEI, Auteur ; E. LECARIE, Auteur ; J. JURAYJ, Auteur ; S. BOLAND, Auteur ; D. G. SUKHODOLSKY, Auteur ; Pamela VENTOLA, Auteur ; Kevin A. PELPHREY, Auteur ; R. J. JOU, Auteur . - p.1472-1483. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-10 (October 2019) . - p.1472-1483 Mots-clés : anisotropy  autism spectrum disorder  diffusion tensor imaging  female  motion  sex characteristics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous studies using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to investigate white matter (WM) structural connectivity have suggested widespread, although inconsistent WM alterations in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), such as greater reductions in fractional anisotropy (FA). However, findings may lack generalizability because: (a) most have focused solely on the ASD male brain phenotype, and not sex-differences in WM integrity; (b) many lack stringent and transparent data quality control such as controlling for head motion in analysis. This study addressed both issues by using Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) to separately compare WM differences in 81 ASD (56 male, 25 female; 4-21 years old) and 39 typically developing (TD; 23 males, 16 females; 5-18 years old) children and young people, carefully group-matched on sex, age, cognitive abilities, and head motion. ASD males and females were also matched on autism symptom severity. Two independent-raters completed a multistep scan quality assurance to remove images that were significantly distorted by motion artifacts before analysis. ASD females exhibited significant widespread reductions in FA compared to TD females, suggesting altered WM integrity. In contrast, no significant localized or widespread WM differences were found between ASD and TD males. This study highlights the importance of data quality control in DTI, and outlines important sex-differences in WM alterations in ASD females. Future studies can explore the extent to which neural structural differences might underlie sex-differences in ASD behavioral phenotype, and guide clinical interventions to be tailored toward the unique needs of ASD females and males. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1472-1483. (c) 2019 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Previous Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) studies have found atypical brain structural connectivity in males with autism, although findings are inconclusive in females with autism. To investigate potential sex-differences, we studied males and females with and without autism who showed a similar level of head movement during their brain scan. We found that females with autism had widespread atypical neural connectivity than females without autism, although not in males, highlighting sex-differences. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2180 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=408

Developing an Online Tool to Measure Social Network Structure and Perceived Social Support Amongst Autistic Students in Higher Education: A Feasibility Study / J. LEI in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49-9 (September 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 49-9 (September 2019) . - p.3526-3542 Titre : Developing an Online Tool to Measure Social Network Structure and Perceived Social Support Amongst Autistic Students in Higher Education: A Feasibility Study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : J. LEI, Auteur ; Chris ASHWIN, Auteur ; Mark BROSNAN, Auteur ; A. RUSSELL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3526-3542 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  College  Perceived social support  Social network  Transition  University Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The academic, daily-living, and social challenges all students face during university transition can become magnified for many autistic students, who might struggle to adapt to changes in their social network structure (SNS) and perceived social support (PSS). This study assessed the development, feasibility, and convergent validity of a novel online tool (Social Network and Perceived Social Support-SNaPSS) designed to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate SNS and PSS during university transition. SNaPSS demonstrated good feasibility for completion amongst autistic students (Study 1, n = 10, 17-19 years), and adequate convergent validity against other PSS, autism symptom severity, and social anxiety measures amongst autistic (n = 28) and typically developing students (Study 2, n = 112, 17-19 years). Broader implications of SNaPSS to measure SNS/PSS are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04070-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=405 [article] Developing an Online Tool to Measure Social Network Structure and Perceived Social Support Amongst Autistic Students in Higher Education: A Feasibility Study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / J. LEI, Auteur ; Chris ASHWIN, Auteur ; Mark BROSNAN, Auteur ; A. RUSSELL, Auteur . - p.3526-3542. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 49-9 (September 2019) . - p.3526-3542 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  College  Perceived social support  Social network  Transition  University Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The academic, daily-living, and social challenges all students face during university transition can become magnified for many autistic students, who might struggle to adapt to changes in their social network structure (SNS) and perceived social support (PSS). This study assessed the development, feasibility, and convergent validity of a novel online tool (Social Network and Perceived Social Support-SNaPSS) designed to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate SNS and PSS during university transition. SNaPSS demonstrated good feasibility for completion amongst autistic students (Study 1, n = 10, 17-19 years), and adequate convergent validity against other PSS, autism symptom severity, and social anxiety measures amongst autistic (n = 28) and typically developing students (Study 2, n = 112, 17-19 years). Broader implications of SNaPSS to measure SNS/PSS are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04070-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=405

Distinct neural bases of disruptive behavior and autism symptom severity in boys with autism spectrum disorder / Y. J. YANG in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 9-1 (December 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 9-1 (December 2017) . - p.1 Titre : Distinct neural bases of disruptive behavior and autism symptom severity in boys with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Y. J. YANG, Auteur ; D. G. SUKHODOLSKY, Auteur ; J. LEI, Auteur ; E. DAYAN, Auteur ; Kevin A. PELPHREY, Auteur ; Pamela VENTOLA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adhd  Anxiety disorders  Autism spectrum disorder  Comorbidity  Default mode network  Disruptive behavior  Neuroimaging  Oppositional defiant disorder  Social perception Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Disruptive behavior in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an important clinical problem, but its neural basis remains poorly understood. The current research aims to better understand the neural underpinnings of disruptive behavior in ASD, while addressing whether the neural basis is shared with or separable from that of core ASD symptoms. METHODS: Participants consisted of 48 male children and adolescents: 31 ASD (7 had high disruptive behavior) and 17 typically developing (TD) controls, well-matched on sex, age, and IQ. For ASD participants, autism symptom severity, disruptive behavior, anxiety symptoms, and ADHD symptoms were measured. All participants were scanned while viewing biological motion (BIO) and scrambled motion (SCR). Two fMRI contrasts were analyzed: social perception (BIO > SCR) and Default Mode Network (DMN) deactivation (fixation > BIO). Age and IQ were included as covariates of no interest in all analyses. RESULTS: First, the between-group analyses on BIO > SCR showed that ASD is characterized by hypoactivation in the social perception circuitry, and ASD with high or low disruptive behavior exhibited similar patterns of hypoactivation. Second, the between-group analyses on fixation > BIO showed that ASD with high disruptive behavior exhibited more restricted and less DMN deactivation, when compared to ASD with low disruptive behavior or TD. Third, the within-ASD analyses showed that (a) autism symptom severity (but not disruptive behavior) was uniquely associated with less activation in the social perception regions including the posterior superior temporal sulcus and inferior frontal gyrus; (b) disruptive behavior (but not autism symptom severity) was uniquely associated with less DMN deactivation in the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and lateral parietal cortex; and (c) anxiety symptoms mediated the link between disruptive behavior and less DMN deactivation in both anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and MPFC, while ADHD symptoms mediated the link primarily in ACC. CONCLUSIONS: In boys with ASD, disruptive behavior has a neural basis in reduced DMN deactivation, which is distinct and separable from that of core ASD symptoms, with the latter characterized by hypoactivation in the social perception circuitry. These differential neurobiological markers may potentially serve as neural targets or predictors for interventions when treating disruptive behavior vs. core symptoms in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-017-9183-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=349 [article] Distinct neural bases of disruptive behavior and autism symptom severity in boys with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Y. J. YANG, Auteur ; D. G. SUKHODOLSKY, Auteur ; J. LEI, Auteur ; E. DAYAN, Auteur ; Kevin A. PELPHREY, Auteur ; Pamela VENTOLA, Auteur . - p.1. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 9-1 (December 2017) . - p.1 Mots-clés : Adhd  Anxiety disorders  Autism spectrum disorder  Comorbidity  Default mode network  Disruptive behavior  Neuroimaging  Oppositional defiant disorder  Social perception Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Disruptive behavior in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an important clinical problem, but its neural basis remains poorly understood. The current research aims to better understand the neural underpinnings of disruptive behavior in ASD, while addressing whether the neural basis is shared with or separable from that of core ASD symptoms. METHODS: Participants consisted of 48 male children and adolescents: 31 ASD (7 had high disruptive behavior) and 17 typically developing (TD) controls, well-matched on sex, age, and IQ. For ASD participants, autism symptom severity, disruptive behavior, anxiety symptoms, and ADHD symptoms were measured. All participants were scanned while viewing biological motion (BIO) and scrambled motion (SCR). Two fMRI contrasts were analyzed: social perception (BIO > SCR) and Default Mode Network (DMN) deactivation (fixation > BIO). Age and IQ were included as covariates of no interest in all analyses. RESULTS: First, the between-group analyses on BIO > SCR showed that ASD is characterized by hypoactivation in the social perception circuitry, and ASD with high or low disruptive behavior exhibited similar patterns of hypoactivation. Second, the between-group analyses on fixation > BIO showed that ASD with high disruptive behavior exhibited more restricted and less DMN deactivation, when compared to ASD with low disruptive behavior or TD. Third, the within-ASD analyses showed that (a) autism symptom severity (but not disruptive behavior) was uniquely associated with less activation in the social perception regions including the posterior superior temporal sulcus and inferior frontal gyrus; (b) disruptive behavior (but not autism symptom severity) was uniquely associated with less DMN deactivation in the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and lateral parietal cortex; and (c) anxiety symptoms mediated the link between disruptive behavior and less DMN deactivation in both anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and MPFC, while ADHD symptoms mediated the link primarily in ACC. CONCLUSIONS: In boys with ASD, disruptive behavior has a neural basis in reduced DMN deactivation, which is distinct and separable from that of core ASD symptoms, with the latter characterized by hypoactivation in the social perception circuitry. These differential neurobiological markers may potentially serve as neural targets or predictors for interventions when treating disruptive behavior vs. core symptoms in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-017-9183-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=349

Exploring the Cognitive Model of Social Anxiety in Autistic Young People-The Central Role of Bodily Symptoms / H. WOOD in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52-12 (December 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 52-12 (December 2022) . - p.5500-5514 Titre : Exploring the Cognitive Model of Social Anxiety in Autistic Young People-The Central Role of Bodily Symptoms Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : H. WOOD, Auteur ; S. RUSBRIDGE, Auteur ; J. LEI, Auteur ; C. LOMAX, Auteur ; J. ELLISTON, Auteur ; A. RUSSELL, Auteur Année de publication : 2022 Article en page(s) : p.5500-5514 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Humans  Adolescent  Autistic Disorder/psychology  Autism Spectrum Disorder/psychology  Anxiety/psychology  Attention  Cognition  Autism  Cognitive behaviour theory  Social anxiety Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We explored the role of negative performance beliefs and self-focused attention considered central to psychological models of social anxiety but not studied in autism. Firstly, we compared self- and observer ratings of performance on a social task for 71 young autistic people, 41 high and 30 low in social anxiety, finding a significant main effect of social anxiety but not rater. Subsequently, 76 autistic young people, 46 high and 30 low social anxiety completed measures of interoceptive sensibility and focus of attention following a social task. Only heightened interoceptive sensibility fully mediated the relationship between self-ratings of social performance and social anxiety. These findings suggest awareness of bodily sensations are critical to anxiety in social situations with implications for treatment. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05359-0 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=489 [article] Exploring the Cognitive Model of Social Anxiety in Autistic Young People-The Central Role of Bodily Symptoms [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / H. WOOD, Auteur ; S. RUSBRIDGE, Auteur ; J. LEI, Auteur ; C. LOMAX, Auteur ; J. ELLISTON, Auteur ; A. RUSSELL, Auteur . - 2022 . - p.5500-5514. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 52-12 (December 2022) . - p.5500-5514 Mots-clés : Humans  Adolescent  Autistic Disorder/psychology  Autism Spectrum Disorder/psychology  Anxiety/psychology  Attention  Cognition  Autism  Cognitive behaviour theory  Social anxiety Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We explored the role of negative performance beliefs and self-focused attention considered central to psychological models of social anxiety but not studied in autism. Firstly, we compared self- and observer ratings of performance on a social task for 71 young autistic people, 41 high and 30 low in social anxiety, finding a significant main effect of social anxiety but not rater. Subsequently, 76 autistic young people, 46 high and 30 low social anxiety completed measures of interoceptive sensibility and focus of attention following a social task. Only heightened interoceptive sensibility fully mediated the relationship between self-ratings of social performance and social anxiety. These findings suggest awareness of bodily sensations are critical to anxiety in social situations with implications for treatment. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05359-0 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=489

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