Commentary: 'Camouflaging' in autistic people - reflection on Fombonne (2020) / Meng-Chuan LAI in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 62-8 (August 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 62-8 (August 2021) Titre : Commentary: 'Camouflaging' in autistic people - reflection on Fombonne (2020) Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Meng-Chuan LAI, Auteur ; L. HULL, Auteur ; W. MANDY, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur ; Christine W. NORDAHL, Auteur ; M. V. LOMBARDO, Auteur ; Stephanie H. AMEIS, Auteur ; P. SZATMARI, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur ; L. A. LIVINGSTON, Auteur Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adaptation, Psychological  Adult  Autistic Disorder  Female  Humans Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Fombonne's (2020) editorial is a thought-provoking appraisal of the literature on 'camouflaging', whereby some autistic people mask or compensate for their autistic characteristics as an attempt to fit in and to cope with disabilities under neurotypical social norms. Fombonne (2020) highlights three issues of contention: (a) construct validity and measurement of camouflaging; (b) camouflaging as a reason for late autism diagnosis in adolescence/adulthood; and (c) camouflaging as a feature of the 'female autism phenotype'. Here, we argue that (a) establishing construct validity and measurement of different aspects of camouflaging is warranted; (b) subjective experiences are important for the differential diagnosis of autism in adolescence/adulthood; and (c) camouflaging is not necessarily a feature of autism in female individuals - nevertheless, taking into account sex and gender influences in development is crucial to understand behavioural manifestations of autism. Future research and clinical directions should involve clarification of associated constructs and measurements, demography, mechanisms, impact (including harms and benefits) and tailored support. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13344 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=456 [article] Commentary: 'Camouflaging' in autistic people - reflection on Fombonne (2020) [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Meng-Chuan LAI, Auteur ; L. HULL, Auteur ; W. MANDY, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur ; Christine W. NORDAHL, Auteur ; M. V. LOMBARDO, Auteur ; Stephanie H. AMEIS, Auteur ; P. SZATMARI, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur ; L. A. LIVINGSTON, Auteur. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 62-8 (August 2021) Mots-clés : Adaptation, Psychological  Adult  Autistic Disorder  Female  Humans Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Fombonne's (2020) editorial is a thought-provoking appraisal of the literature on 'camouflaging', whereby some autistic people mask or compensate for their autistic characteristics as an attempt to fit in and to cope with disabilities under neurotypical social norms. Fombonne (2020) highlights three issues of contention: (a) construct validity and measurement of camouflaging; (b) camouflaging as a reason for late autism diagnosis in adolescence/adulthood; and (c) camouflaging as a feature of the 'female autism phenotype'. Here, we argue that (a) establishing construct validity and measurement of different aspects of camouflaging is warranted; (b) subjective experiences are important for the differential diagnosis of autism in adolescence/adulthood; and (c) camouflaging is not necessarily a feature of autism in female individuals - nevertheless, taking into account sex and gender influences in development is crucial to understand behavioural manifestations of autism. Future research and clinical directions should involve clarification of associated constructs and measurements, demography, mechanisms, impact (including harms and benefits) and tailored support. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13344 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=456

Development and Validation of the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire (CAT-Q) / L. HULL in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49-3 (March 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 49-3 (March 2019) . - p.819-833 Titre : Development and Validation of the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire (CAT-Q) Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : L. HULL, Auteur ; W. MANDY, Auteur ; Meng-Chuan LAI, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; P. SMITH, Auteur ; K. V. PETRIDES, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.819-833 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Camouflaging  Compensation  Coping Strategies  Masking Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There currently exist no self-report measures of social camouflaging behaviours (strategies used to compensate for or mask autistic characteristics during social interactions). The Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire (CAT-Q) was developed from autistic adults' experiences of camouflaging, and was administered online to 354 autistic and 478 non-autistic adults. Exploratory factor analysis suggested three factors, comprising of 25 items in total. Good model fit was demonstrated through confirmatory factor analysis, with measurement invariance analyses demonstrating equivalent factor structures across gender and diagnostic group. Internal consistency (alpha = 0.94) and preliminary test-retest reliability (r = 0.77) were acceptable. Convergent validity was demonstrated through comparison with measures of autistic traits, wellbeing, anxiety, and depression. The present study provides robust psychometric support for the CAT-Q. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3792-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=386 [article] Development and Validation of the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire (CAT-Q) [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / L. HULL, Auteur ; W. MANDY, Auteur ; Meng-Chuan LAI, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; P. SMITH, Auteur ; K. V. PETRIDES, Auteur . - p.819-833. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 49-3 (March 2019) . - p.819-833 Mots-clés : Autism  Camouflaging  Compensation  Coping Strategies  Masking Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There currently exist no self-report measures of social camouflaging behaviours (strategies used to compensate for or mask autistic characteristics during social interactions). The Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire (CAT-Q) was developed from autistic adults' experiences of camouflaging, and was administered online to 354 autistic and 478 non-autistic adults. Exploratory factor analysis suggested three factors, comprising of 25 items in total. Good model fit was demonstrated through confirmatory factor analysis, with measurement invariance analyses demonstrating equivalent factor structures across gender and diagnostic group. Internal consistency (alpha = 0.94) and preliminary test-retest reliability (r = 0.77) were acceptable. Convergent validity was demonstrated through comparison with measures of autistic traits, wellbeing, anxiety, and depression. The present study provides robust psychometric support for the CAT-Q. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3792-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=386

Is social camouflaging associated with anxiety and depression in autistic adults? / L. HULL in Molecular Autism, 12 (2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 12 (2021) . - 13 p. Titre : Is social camouflaging associated with anxiety and depression in autistic adults? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : L. HULL, Auteur ; L. LEVY, Auteur ; Meng-Chuan LAI, Auteur ; K. V. PETRIDES, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; P. SMITH, Auteur ; W. MANDY, Auteur Article en page(s) : 13 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent  Adult  Aged  Anxiety/diagnosis/psychology  Autistic Disorder/diagnosis/etiology/psychology  Depression/diagnosis/etiology/psychology  Disease Susceptibility  Female  Humans  Male  Mental Health  Middle Aged  Public Health Surveillance  Self Report  Social Behavior  Surveys and Questionnaires  Young Adult  Adults  Camouflaging  Gender  Mental health Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: There is inconsistent evidence for a clear pattern of association between 'camouflaging' (strategies used to mask and/or compensate for autism characteristics during social interactions) and mental health. METHODS: This study explored the relationship between self-reported camouflaging and generalised anxiety, depression, and social anxiety in a large sample of autistic adults and, for the first time, explored the moderating effect of gender, in an online survey. RESULTS: Overall, camouflaging was associated with greater symptoms of generalised anxiety, depression, and social anxiety, although only to a small extent beyond the contribution of autistic traits and age. Camouflaging more strongly predicted generalised and social anxiety than depression. No interaction between camouflaging and gender was found. LIMITATIONS: These results cannot be generalised to autistic people with intellectual disability, or autistic children and young people. The sample did not include sufficient numbers of non-binary people to run separate analyses; therefore, it is possible that camouflaging impacts mental health differently in this population. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that camouflaging is a risk factor for mental health problems in autistic adults without intellectual disability, regardless of gender. We also identified levels of camouflaging at which risk of mental health problems is highest, suggesting clinicians should be particularly aware of mental health problems in those who score at or above these levels. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-021-00421-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=459 [article] Is social camouflaging associated with anxiety and depression in autistic adults? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / L. HULL, Auteur ; L. LEVY, Auteur ; Meng-Chuan LAI, Auteur ; K. V. PETRIDES, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; P. SMITH, Auteur ; W. MANDY, Auteur . - 13 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 12 (2021) . - 13 p. Mots-clés : Adolescent  Adult  Aged  Anxiety/diagnosis/psychology  Autistic Disorder/diagnosis/etiology/psychology  Depression/diagnosis/etiology/psychology  Disease Susceptibility  Female  Humans  Male  Mental Health  Middle Aged  Public Health Surveillance  Self Report  Social Behavior  Surveys and Questionnaires  Young Adult  Adults  Camouflaging  Gender  Mental health Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: There is inconsistent evidence for a clear pattern of association between 'camouflaging' (strategies used to mask and/or compensate for autism characteristics during social interactions) and mental health. METHODS: This study explored the relationship between self-reported camouflaging and generalised anxiety, depression, and social anxiety in a large sample of autistic adults and, for the first time, explored the moderating effect of gender, in an online survey. RESULTS: Overall, camouflaging was associated with greater symptoms of generalised anxiety, depression, and social anxiety, although only to a small extent beyond the contribution of autistic traits and age. Camouflaging more strongly predicted generalised and social anxiety than depression. No interaction between camouflaging and gender was found. LIMITATIONS: These results cannot be generalised to autistic people with intellectual disability, or autistic children and young people. The sample did not include sufficient numbers of non-binary people to run separate analyses; therefore, it is possible that camouflaging impacts mental health differently in this population. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that camouflaging is a risk factor for mental health problems in autistic adults without intellectual disability, regardless of gender. We also identified levels of camouflaging at which risk of mental health problems is highest, suggesting clinicians should be particularly aware of mental health problems in those who score at or above these levels. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-021-00421-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=459

"Revêtir ma meilleure panoplie de normalité" : camouflage social chez les adultes présentant une condition du spectre autistique / L. HULL in Approche Neuropsychologique des Apprentissages chez l'Enfant - A.N.A.E., 150 (Novembre/Décembre 2017)

Public ISBD [article]  inApproche Neuropsychologique des Apprentissages chez l'Enfant - A.N.A.E. > 150 (Novembre/Décembre 2017) . - p.637-653 Titre : "Revêtir ma meilleure panoplie de normalité" : camouflage social chez les adultes présentant une condition du spectre autistique Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : L. HULL, Auteur ; K.V. PETRIDES, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; P. SMITH, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Meng-Chuan LAI, Auteur ; W. MANDY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.637-653 Mots-clés : Autisme  Camouflage  Maîtrise (Coping)  Sexe  Genre  Adaptation sociale Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Nous posons l’hypothèse que le camouflage des caractéristiques autistiques en situation sociale est une stratégie habituelle de recherche de maîtrise des adultes avec une condition du spectre autistique (ASC). Le camouflage peut impacter le diagnostic, la qualité de la vie, et les pronostics à long terme, mais on en sait peu à son sujet. Cette étude qualitative a examiné les expériences de camouflage chez 92 adultes avec ASC. Les interrogations se sont centrées sur la nature, les motivations et les conséquences du camouflage. Nous avons utilisé des analyses thématiques pour identifier des éléments clefs du processus de camouflage, lesquels ont permis d’établir un modèle à trois niveaux du processus de ce dernier. Premièrement, les motivations qui mènent l’adulte à se camoufler ont englobé les faits de vouloir s’intégrer et d’accroître les connexions à autrui. Deuxièmement, le camouflage lui-même a englobé une combinaison de techniques de masquage et de compensation. Troisièmement, les conséquences à court et à long terme du camouflage ont inclus un épuisement, des stéréotypes problématiques et des menaces vis-à-vis de la perception de soi. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=372 [article] "Revêtir ma meilleure panoplie de normalité" : camouflage social chez les adultes présentant une condition du spectre autistique [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / L. HULL, Auteur ; K.V. PETRIDES, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; P. SMITH, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Meng-Chuan LAI, Auteur ; W. MANDY, Auteur . - p.637-653. in Approche Neuropsychologique des Apprentissages chez l'Enfant - A.N.A.E. > 150 (Novembre/Décembre 2017) . - p.637-653 Mots-clés : Autisme  Camouflage  Maîtrise (Coping)  Sexe  Genre  Adaptation sociale Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Nous posons l’hypothèse que le camouflage des caractéristiques autistiques en situation sociale est une stratégie habituelle de recherche de maîtrise des adultes avec une condition du spectre autistique (ASC). Le camouflage peut impacter le diagnostic, la qualité de la vie, et les pronostics à long terme, mais on en sait peu à son sujet. Cette étude qualitative a examiné les expériences de camouflage chez 92 adultes avec ASC. Les interrogations se sont centrées sur la nature, les motivations et les conséquences du camouflage. Nous avons utilisé des analyses thématiques pour identifier des éléments clefs du processus de camouflage, lesquels ont permis d’établir un modèle à trois niveaux du processus de ce dernier. Premièrement, les motivations qui mènent l’adulte à se camoufler ont englobé les faits de vouloir s’intégrer et d’accroître les connexions à autrui. Deuxièmement, le camouflage lui-même a englobé une combinaison de techniques de masquage et de compensation. Troisièmement, les conséquences à court et à long terme du camouflage ont inclus un épuisement, des stéréotypes problématiques et des menaces vis-à-vis de la perception de soi. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=372

Self-reported camouflaging behaviours used by autistic adults during everyday social interactions / J. COOK in Autism, 26-2 (February 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 26-2 (February 2022) . - p.406-421 Titre : Self-reported camouflaging behaviours used by autistic adults during everyday social interactions Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : J. COOK, Auteur ; L. CRANE, Auteur ; L. HULL, Auteur ; L. BOURNE, Auteur ; W. MANDY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.406-421 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  camouflaging  masking  social behaviour  of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this  article. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Camouflaging can be thought of as the process through which autistic people modify their natural social behaviours to adapt to, cope within or influence the largely neurotypical (non-autistic) social world. Many autistic people experience negative reactions to their natural or intuitive social behaviours when interacting with non-autistic people. Over time, in response to these negative reactions, autistic people's social behaviour often changes. We refer to autistic people's changed behaviours as 'camouflaging behaviours'. Research exploring camouflaging behaviours is still at an early stage. This study investigated camouflaging behaviours used by autistic adults in everyday social interactions using a research method that was new to the field of autism. Specifically, 17 autistic adults were filmed taking part in a common everyday social situation - a conversation with a stranger. With the help of the video of this conversation, they then showed and described their camouflaging behaviours to a researcher. These autistic people identified and described a total of 38 different camouflaging behaviours. The detailed and specific information provided by autistic adults about camouflaging behaviours generated important new insights into the ways in which autistic people adapt to, cope within and influence the neurotypical (non-autistic) social world. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613211026754 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=452 [article] Self-reported camouflaging behaviours used by autistic adults during everyday social interactions [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / J. COOK, Auteur ; L. CRANE, Auteur ; L. HULL, Auteur ; L. BOURNE, Auteur ; W. MANDY, Auteur . - p.406-421. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 26-2 (February 2022) . - p.406-421 Mots-clés : autism  camouflaging  masking  social behaviour  of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this  article. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Camouflaging can be thought of as the process through which autistic people modify their natural social behaviours to adapt to, cope within or influence the largely neurotypical (non-autistic) social world. Many autistic people experience negative reactions to their natural or intuitive social behaviours when interacting with non-autistic people. Over time, in response to these negative reactions, autistic people's social behaviour often changes. We refer to autistic people's changed behaviours as 'camouflaging behaviours'. Research exploring camouflaging behaviours is still at an early stage. This study investigated camouflaging behaviours used by autistic adults in everyday social interactions using a research method that was new to the field of autism. Specifically, 17 autistic adults were filmed taking part in a common everyday social situation - a conversation with a stranger. With the help of the video of this conversation, they then showed and described their camouflaging behaviours to a researcher. These autistic people identified and described a total of 38 different camouflaging behaviours. The detailed and specific information provided by autistic adults about camouflaging behaviours generated important new insights into the ways in which autistic people adapt to, cope within and influence the neurotypical (non-autistic) social world. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613211026754 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=452

Understanding Camouflaging as a Response to Autism-Related Stigma: A Social Identity Theory Approach / E. PERRY in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52-2 (February 2022)  

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