Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder / Ji S. HONG in Autism Research, 14-1 (January 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-1 (January 2021) . - p.182-192 Titre : Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ji S. HONG, Auteur ; Vini SINGH, Auteur ; Luke G. KALB, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.182-192 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : attention deficit hyperactivity disorder  autism spectrum disorder  early childhood  psychopathology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The purpose of the current study was to examine the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms among young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), child and parent-related demographic and clinical correlates of ADHD symptoms, and the relationships between co-occurring mental health problems and ADHD symptoms. Data for this cross-sectional study came from 979 toddlers and preschoolers, ages 1.5-5?years, with ASD. The primary outcome, ADHD symptoms, was measured using the Child Behavior Check List 1.5-5 (CBCL). Additional information from the medical record included demographics, parenting stress, and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule Second Edition. Descriptive and bivariate (ANOVA, Chi-Square) statistics and multivariate, multinomial regression analyses were used to examine demographic and clinical differences between low, moderate, and high ADHD symptom groups, as defined by 2 ADHD-related subscales. There were 418 (43%) children in the low ADHD symptom group, 294 (30%) in the moderate ADHD symptom group, and 267 (27%) in the high ADHD symptom group. Those with high ADHD symptoms were less likely to be Black or Hispanic and less likely to have parents with a graduate-level education compared to those with low ADHD symptoms. Parenting stress and all CBCL DSM-oriented subscales were positively associated with increasing ADHD symptoms. Among young children with ASD, ADHD symptoms were highly prevalent. The presence of ADHD symptoms was associated with increasing parenting stress and greater levels of other psychopathologies. These data suggest that young children with ASD should be evaluated for ADHD, and mental health as a whole. LAY SUMMARY: We investigated attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in toddlers and preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) from a large sample with diverse race and socioeconomic background. In our study, we found that ADHD symptoms are highly prevalent in young children with ASD and are associated with increasing parenting stress and greater level of other psychopathologies, both internalizing and externalizing problems. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2414 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441 [article] Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ji S. HONG, Auteur ; Vini SINGH, Auteur ; Luke G. KALB, Auteur . - p.182-192. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-1 (January 2021) . - p.182-192 Mots-clés : attention deficit hyperactivity disorder  autism spectrum disorder  early childhood  psychopathology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The purpose of the current study was to examine the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms among young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), child and parent-related demographic and clinical correlates of ADHD symptoms, and the relationships between co-occurring mental health problems and ADHD symptoms. Data for this cross-sectional study came from 979 toddlers and preschoolers, ages 1.5-5?years, with ASD. The primary outcome, ADHD symptoms, was measured using the Child Behavior Check List 1.5-5 (CBCL). Additional information from the medical record included demographics, parenting stress, and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule Second Edition. Descriptive and bivariate (ANOVA, Chi-Square) statistics and multivariate, multinomial regression analyses were used to examine demographic and clinical differences between low, moderate, and high ADHD symptom groups, as defined by 2 ADHD-related subscales. There were 418 (43%) children in the low ADHD symptom group, 294 (30%) in the moderate ADHD symptom group, and 267 (27%) in the high ADHD symptom group. Those with high ADHD symptoms were less likely to be Black or Hispanic and less likely to have parents with a graduate-level education compared to those with low ADHD symptoms. Parenting stress and all CBCL DSM-oriented subscales were positively associated with increasing ADHD symptoms. Among young children with ASD, ADHD symptoms were highly prevalent. The presence of ADHD symptoms was associated with increasing parenting stress and greater levels of other psychopathologies. These data suggest that young children with ASD should be evaluated for ADHD, and mental health as a whole. LAY SUMMARY: We investigated attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in toddlers and preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) from a large sample with diverse race and socioeconomic background. In our study, we found that ADHD symptoms are highly prevalent in young children with ASD and are associated with increasing parenting stress and greater level of other psychopathologies, both internalizing and externalizing problems. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2414 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441

Investigating mental health crisis in youth with autism spectrum disorder / Roma A. VASA in Autism Research, 13-1 (January 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-1 (January 2020) . - p.112-121 Titre : Investigating mental health crisis in youth with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Roma A. VASA, Auteur ; Louis P. HAGOPIAN, Auteur ; Luke G. KALB, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.112-121 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adolescents  children  mental health crisis  young adults Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Evidence suggests that youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at increased risk for experiencing a mental health crisis. Yet, limited systematic research exists on this topic. This study examines the prevalence, phenomenology, and correlates of mental health crisis in children, adolescents, and young adults with ASD. Participants included 462 parents of individuals with ASD (83% male, 86% Caucasian, M = 13.7 years, SD = 4.7) who were enrolled in the Interactive Autism Network, a large online registry of families of individuals with ASD. Parents completed the Mental Health Crisis Assessment Scale, a psychometrically sound measure of mental health crisis for youth with ASD, as well as measures of parental depression, family quality of life, and mental health treatment history. Overall, 32% of parents reported that their child had experienced a mental health crisis during the last 3 months. In the younger group, elopement (88%) and self-injury (81%) were the most frequent behaviors contributing to crisis; physical (60%) and verbal (42%) aggression were the most frequent crisis behaviors in the older group. Correlates of crisis included younger age, increased parental depressive symptoms, and lower family quality of life. Approximately 75% of individuals in crisis had seen a psychiatrist or behavioral therapist/psychologist within the last 3 months and 25% were not engaged in any mental health treatment. In summary, mental health crises were quite prevalent in this online sample of youth with ASD. Identification and treatment of these serious events is critical to reduce morbidity in this population. Autism Res 2020, 13: 112-121. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This study examines the prevalence and characteristics of mental health crisis in children, adolescents, and young adults with autism spectrum disorder. We found that 32% of individuals in our study had experienced a mental health crisis within the last 3 months. Younger age, increased parental depression, and lower quality of life were associated with crisis. These findings emphasize the importance of developing child and family-based interventions to prevent and treat the mental health crisis in this population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2224 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=415 [article] Investigating mental health crisis in youth with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Roma A. VASA, Auteur ; Louis P. HAGOPIAN, Auteur ; Luke G. KALB, Auteur . - p.112-121. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-1 (January 2020) . - p.112-121 Mots-clés : adolescents  children  mental health crisis  young adults Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Evidence suggests that youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at increased risk for experiencing a mental health crisis. Yet, limited systematic research exists on this topic. This study examines the prevalence, phenomenology, and correlates of mental health crisis in children, adolescents, and young adults with ASD. Participants included 462 parents of individuals with ASD (83% male, 86% Caucasian, M = 13.7 years, SD = 4.7) who were enrolled in the Interactive Autism Network, a large online registry of families of individuals with ASD. Parents completed the Mental Health Crisis Assessment Scale, a psychometrically sound measure of mental health crisis for youth with ASD, as well as measures of parental depression, family quality of life, and mental health treatment history. Overall, 32% of parents reported that their child had experienced a mental health crisis during the last 3 months. In the younger group, elopement (88%) and self-injury (81%) were the most frequent behaviors contributing to crisis; physical (60%) and verbal (42%) aggression were the most frequent crisis behaviors in the older group. Correlates of crisis included younger age, increased parental depressive symptoms, and lower family quality of life. Approximately 75% of individuals in crisis had seen a psychiatrist or behavioral therapist/psychologist within the last 3 months and 25% were not engaged in any mental health treatment. In summary, mental health crises were quite prevalent in this online sample of youth with ASD. Identification and treatment of these serious events is critical to reduce morbidity in this population. Autism Res 2020, 13: 112-121. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This study examines the prevalence and characteristics of mental health crisis in children, adolescents, and young adults with autism spectrum disorder. We found that 32% of individuals in our study had experienced a mental health crisis within the last 3 months. Younger age, increased parental depression, and lower quality of life were associated with crisis. These findings emphasize the importance of developing child and family-based interventions to prevent and treat the mental health crisis in this population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2224 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=415

Parental concerns of children with ASD by age: A qualitative analysis / Danika PFEIFFER in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 86 (August 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 86 (August 2021) . - 101817 Titre : Parental concerns of children with ASD by age: A qualitative analysis Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Danika PFEIFFER, Auteur ; Calliope HOLINGUE, Auteur ; Emily DILLON, Auteur ; Luke G. KALB, Auteur ; Rachel REETZKE, Auteur ; Rebecca LANDA, Auteur Article en page(s) : 101817 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders  Parental concerns  Children  Age  Qualitative Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Eliciting parents’ concerns about their children is an important initial step in the ASD diagnostic process. This information is often collected through forced-choice questionnaires utilizing professional terminology and may limit the potential concerns that can be reported. Parent concern studies to date have largely used deductive qualitative methods with only one age group of children. Inductive qualitative studies are needed to examine parental concerns of children with ASD across age groups with one coding scheme. Method We used an inductive qualitative analysis process to analyze concerns reported by parents of children ages 1–11 years on intake forms (n = 455) at an urban outpatient ASD specialty clinic. Analyses were based on three age groups (toddler, preschooler, middle childhood). Results Using conventional content analysis, 12 categories of concerns emerged from parents’ responses: communication, social, behavioral/emotional, cognition, life skills, atypical behaviors, sensory, academic, health, seeking diagnostic clarity or resources, developmental, and motor skills. We found that parents reported the same concerns about their children across age groups in six of the 12 categories. The biggest difference in reported concerns across age groups was that parents of children in the preschooler and middle childhood groups reported a greater number of concerns related to mental health than parents of toddlers. Conclusion Our analysis yields specific information about similarities and differences in parents’ concerns depending on their child’s age. Ensuring that ASD evaluations are tailored to children’s unique needs has implications for timely diagnosis and access to care. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2021.101817 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=458 [article] Parental concerns of children with ASD by age: A qualitative analysis [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Danika PFEIFFER, Auteur ; Calliope HOLINGUE, Auteur ; Emily DILLON, Auteur ; Luke G. KALB, Auteur ; Rachel REETZKE, Auteur ; Rebecca LANDA, Auteur . - 101817. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 86 (August 2021) . - 101817 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders  Parental concerns  Children  Age  Qualitative Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Eliciting parents’ concerns about their children is an important initial step in the ASD diagnostic process. This information is often collected through forced-choice questionnaires utilizing professional terminology and may limit the potential concerns that can be reported. Parent concern studies to date have largely used deductive qualitative methods with only one age group of children. Inductive qualitative studies are needed to examine parental concerns of children with ASD across age groups with one coding scheme. Method We used an inductive qualitative analysis process to analyze concerns reported by parents of children ages 1–11 years on intake forms (n = 455) at an urban outpatient ASD specialty clinic. Analyses were based on three age groups (toddler, preschooler, middle childhood). Results Using conventional content analysis, 12 categories of concerns emerged from parents’ responses: communication, social, behavioral/emotional, cognition, life skills, atypical behaviors, sensory, academic, health, seeking diagnostic clarity or resources, developmental, and motor skills. We found that parents reported the same concerns about their children across age groups in six of the 12 categories. The biggest difference in reported concerns across age groups was that parents of children in the preschooler and middle childhood groups reported a greater number of concerns related to mental health than parents of toddlers. Conclusion Our analysis yields specific information about similarities and differences in parents’ concerns depending on their child’s age. Ensuring that ASD evaluations are tailored to children’s unique needs has implications for timely diagnosis and access to care. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2021.101817 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=458

Quality of Life in School-Aged Youth Referred to an Autism Specialty Clinic: A Latent Profile Analysis / Gazi F. AZAD in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50-4 (April 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 50-4 (April 2020) . - p.1269-1280 Titre : Quality of Life in School-Aged Youth Referred to an Autism Specialty Clinic: A Latent Profile Analysis Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Gazi F. AZAD, Auteur ; Emily DILLON, Auteur ; Julie FEUERSTEIN, Auteur ; Luke G. KALB, Auteur ; Jason NEELY, Auteur ; Rebecca LANDA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1269-1280 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Autism spectrum disorder  Clinical services  Quality of life Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We examined whether different profiles of quality of life (QoL) existed among youth referred to an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) specialty clinic and, if present, determined if these groups were associated with different characteristics. Data were from parental report of 5-17 year-old youth (N = 476) who were scheduled to receive an evaluation at an ASD clinic. Parents completed questionnaires, including the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, assessing child and family functioning; providers reported diagnostic impressions. A latent profile analysis found five distinct groups: Low Risk, School Problems, Only Social Emotional Problems, and two Physical/Social Emotional Problems. The groups differed on clinical characteristics and family functioning. These findings have implications for more efficient and effective evaluations in service delivery systems serving complex patients. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04353-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=421 [article] Quality of Life in School-Aged Youth Referred to an Autism Specialty Clinic: A Latent Profile Analysis [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Gazi F. AZAD, Auteur ; Emily DILLON, Auteur ; Julie FEUERSTEIN, Auteur ; Luke G. KALB, Auteur ; Jason NEELY, Auteur ; Rebecca LANDA, Auteur . - p.1269-1280. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 50-4 (April 2020) . - p.1269-1280 Mots-clés : Autism  Autism spectrum disorder  Clinical services  Quality of life Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We examined whether different profiles of quality of life (QoL) existed among youth referred to an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) specialty clinic and, if present, determined if these groups were associated with different characteristics. Data were from parental report of 5-17 year-old youth (N = 476) who were scheduled to receive an evaluation at an ASD clinic. Parents completed questionnaires, including the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, assessing child and family functioning; providers reported diagnostic impressions. A latent profile analysis found five distinct groups: Low Risk, School Problems, Only Social Emotional Problems, and two Physical/Social Emotional Problems. The groups differed on clinical characteristics and family functioning. These findings have implications for more efficient and effective evaluations in service delivery systems serving complex patients. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04353-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=421

Replication study for ADOS-2 cut-offs to assist evaluation of autism spectrum disorder / Ji Su HONG in Autism Research, 15-11 (November 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-11 (November 2022) . - p.2181-2191 Titre : Replication study for ADOS-2 cut-offs to assist evaluation of autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ji Su HONG, Auteur ; Vini SINGH, Auteur ; Luke G. KALB, Auteur ; Rachel REETZKE, Auteur ; Natasha N. LUDWIG, Auteur ; Danika PFEIFFER, Auteur ; Calliope HOLINGUE, Auteur ; Deepa MENON, Auteur ; Qing LU, Auteur ; Ahlam ASHKAR, Auteur ; Rebecca LANDA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2181-2191 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Child  Humans  Male  Female  Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis  Sensitivity and Specificity  Predictive Value of Tests  Algorithms  Autistic Disorder  autism spectrum disorder  classification  cut-off score  diagnosis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition (ADOS-2) has been widely used for ASD assessment. While prior studies investigated sensitivity and specificity of ADOS-2 Modules 1-3, there has been limited research addressing algorithm cut-off scores to optimize ADOS-2 classification. The goal of this study was to assess algorithm cut-off scores for diagnosing ASD with Modules 1-3, and to evaluate alignment of the ADOS-2 classification with the best estimate clinical diagnosis. Participants included 3144 children aged 31 months or older who received ADOS-2 Modules 1-3, as well as the best estimate clinical diagnosis. Five classification statistics were reported for each module: sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy (i.e., Receiver Operator Classification Statistic), and these statistics were calculated for the optimal cut-off score. Frequency tables were used to compare ADOS-2 classification and the best estimate clinical diagnosis. Half of the sample received Module 3, 21% received Module 2, and 29% received Module 1. The overall prevalence of ASD was 60%; the male-to-female ratio was 4:1, and half of the sample was non-White. Across all modules, the autism spectrum cut-off score from the ADOS-2 manual resulted in high sensitivity (95%+) and low specificity (63%-73%). The autism cut-off score resulted in better specificity (76%-86%) with favorable sensitivity (81%-94%). The optimal cut-off scores for all modules based on the current sample were within the autism spectrum classification range except Module 2 Algorithm 2. In the No ASD group, 29% had false positives (ADOS-2 autism spectrum classification or autism classification). The ADOS-2 autism spectrum classification did not indicate directionality for diagnostic outcome (ASD 56% vs. No ASD 44%). While cut-off scores of ADOS-2 Modules 1-3 in the manual yielded good clinical utility in ASD assessment, false positives and low predictability of the autism spectrum classification remain challenging for clinicians. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2801 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=488 [article] Replication study for ADOS-2 cut-offs to assist evaluation of autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ji Su HONG, Auteur ; Vini SINGH, Auteur ; Luke G. KALB, Auteur ; Rachel REETZKE, Auteur ; Natasha N. LUDWIG, Auteur ; Danika PFEIFFER, Auteur ; Calliope HOLINGUE, Auteur ; Deepa MENON, Auteur ; Qing LU, Auteur ; Ahlam ASHKAR, Auteur ; Rebecca LANDA, Auteur . - p.2181-2191. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-11 (November 2022) . - p.2181-2191 Mots-clés : Child  Humans  Male  Female  Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis  Sensitivity and Specificity  Predictive Value of Tests  Algorithms  Autistic Disorder  autism spectrum disorder  classification  cut-off score  diagnosis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition (ADOS-2) has been widely used for ASD assessment. While prior studies investigated sensitivity and specificity of ADOS-2 Modules 1-3, there has been limited research addressing algorithm cut-off scores to optimize ADOS-2 classification. The goal of this study was to assess algorithm cut-off scores for diagnosing ASD with Modules 1-3, and to evaluate alignment of the ADOS-2 classification with the best estimate clinical diagnosis. Participants included 3144 children aged 31 months or older who received ADOS-2 Modules 1-3, as well as the best estimate clinical diagnosis. Five classification statistics were reported for each module: sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy (i.e., Receiver Operator Classification Statistic), and these statistics were calculated for the optimal cut-off score. Frequency tables were used to compare ADOS-2 classification and the best estimate clinical diagnosis. Half of the sample received Module 3, 21% received Module 2, and 29% received Module 1. The overall prevalence of ASD was 60%; the male-to-female ratio was 4:1, and half of the sample was non-White. Across all modules, the autism spectrum cut-off score from the ADOS-2 manual resulted in high sensitivity (95%+) and low specificity (63%-73%). The autism cut-off score resulted in better specificity (76%-86%) with favorable sensitivity (81%-94%). The optimal cut-off scores for all modules based on the current sample were within the autism spectrum classification range except Module 2 Algorithm 2. In the No ASD group, 29% had false positives (ADOS-2 autism spectrum classification or autism classification). The ADOS-2 autism spectrum classification did not indicate directionality for diagnostic outcome (ASD 56% vs. No ASD 44%). While cut-off scores of ADOS-2 Modules 1-3 in the manual yielded good clinical utility in ASD assessment, false positives and low predictability of the autism spectrum classification remain challenging for clinicians. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2801 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=488

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