Camouflaging in autism spectrum disorder: Examining the roles of sex, gender identity, and diagnostic timing / G. A. MCQUAID in Autism, 26-2 (February 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 26-2 (February 2022) . - p.552-559 Titre : Camouflaging in autism spectrum disorder: Examining the roles of sex, gender identity, and diagnostic timing Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : G. A. MCQUAID, Auteur ; N. R. LEE, Auteur ; Gregory L. WALLACE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.552-559 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adults  autism  camouflaging  diagnosis  gender  sex Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Camouflaging in autism spectrum disorder refers to behaviors and/or strategies that mask the presentation of autism spectrum disorder features in social contexts in order to appear "non-autistic" (Attwood, 2007). Camouflaging modifies the behavioral presentation of core autism spectrum disorder features (e.g. social and communication differences), but the underlying autistic profile is unaffected, yielding a mismatch between external observable features and the internal lived experience of autism. Camouflaging could be an important factor in later diagnosis of individuals without co-occurring intellectual disability, especially among those designated female sex at birth. Little research to date has examined how gender identity impacts camouflaging, however. Furthermore, no study has compared groups that differ in diagnostic timing to directly investigate if later-diagnosed individuals show elevated camouflaging relative to those receiving an earlier diagnosis. We used the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire subscales (Assimilation, Compensation, and Masking) and investigated the roles of sex, gender identity (gender diverse vs cisgender), and diagnostic timing (childhood/adolescent-diagnosed vs adult-diagnosed), and the interactions of these factors, in autistic adults (N?=?502; ages 18-49?years). Main effects of sex, gender identity, and diagnostic timing were revealed. Autistic females reported more camouflaging across all three Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire subscales compared to males. Gender diverse adults reported elevated camouflaging on the Compensation subscale compared to cisgender adults. Adulthood-diagnosed individuals reported elevated Assimilation and Compensation compared to childhood/adolescence-diagnosed individuals. We discuss how the aspects of camouflaging may have unique implications for later diagnostic timing and for the intersection of neurodiversity and gender diversity. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613211042131 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=452 [article] Camouflaging in autism spectrum disorder: Examining the roles of sex, gender identity, and diagnostic timing [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / G. A. MCQUAID, Auteur ; N. R. LEE, Auteur ; Gregory L. WALLACE, Auteur . - p.552-559. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 26-2 (February 2022) . - p.552-559 Mots-clés : adults  autism  camouflaging  diagnosis  gender  sex Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Camouflaging in autism spectrum disorder refers to behaviors and/or strategies that mask the presentation of autism spectrum disorder features in social contexts in order to appear "non-autistic" (Attwood, 2007). Camouflaging modifies the behavioral presentation of core autism spectrum disorder features (e.g. social and communication differences), but the underlying autistic profile is unaffected, yielding a mismatch between external observable features and the internal lived experience of autism. Camouflaging could be an important factor in later diagnosis of individuals without co-occurring intellectual disability, especially among those designated female sex at birth. Little research to date has examined how gender identity impacts camouflaging, however. Furthermore, no study has compared groups that differ in diagnostic timing to directly investigate if later-diagnosed individuals show elevated camouflaging relative to those receiving an earlier diagnosis. We used the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire subscales (Assimilation, Compensation, and Masking) and investigated the roles of sex, gender identity (gender diverse vs cisgender), and diagnostic timing (childhood/adolescent-diagnosed vs adult-diagnosed), and the interactions of these factors, in autistic adults (N?=?502; ages 18-49?years). Main effects of sex, gender identity, and diagnostic timing were revealed. Autistic females reported more camouflaging across all three Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire subscales compared to males. Gender diverse adults reported elevated camouflaging on the Compensation subscale compared to cisgender adults. Adulthood-diagnosed individuals reported elevated Assimilation and Compensation compared to childhood/adolescence-diagnosed individuals. We discuss how the aspects of camouflaging may have unique implications for later diagnostic timing and for the intersection of neurodiversity and gender diversity. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613211042131 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=452

Looking Back at the Next 40 Years of ASD Neuroscience Research / J. C. MCPARTLAND in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51-12 (December 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-12 (December 2021) . - p.4333-4353 Titre : Looking Back at the Next 40 Years of ASD Neuroscience Research Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : J. C. MCPARTLAND, Auteur ; M. D. LERNER, Auteur ; Anjana N. BHAT, Auteur ; T. CLARKSON, Auteur ; A. JACK, Auteur ; S. KOOHSARI, Auteur ; D. MATUSKEY, Auteur ; G. A. MCQUAID, Auteur ; W. C. SU, Auteur ; D. A. TREVISAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.4333-4353 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis  Brain/diagnostic imaging  Electroencephalography  Humans  Magnetic Resonance Imaging  Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation  Autism spectrum disorder  Eeg  Mri  Neuroimaging  Pet  Tms  fNIRS Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : During the last 40 years, neuroscience has become one of the most central and most productive approaches to investigating autism. In this commentary, we assemble a group of established investigators and trainees to review key advances and anticipated developments in neuroscience research across five modalities most commonly employed in autism research: magnetic resonance imaging, functional near infrared spectroscopy, positron emission tomography, electroencephalography, and transcranial magnetic stimulation. Broadly, neuroscience research has provided important insights into brain systems involved in autism but not yet mechanistic understanding. Methodological advancements are expected to proffer deeper understanding of neural circuitry associated with function and dysfunction during the next 40 years. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05095-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=454 [article] Looking Back at the Next 40 Years of ASD Neuroscience Research [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / J. C. MCPARTLAND, Auteur ; M. D. LERNER, Auteur ; Anjana N. BHAT, Auteur ; T. CLARKSON, Auteur ; A. JACK, Auteur ; S. KOOHSARI, Auteur ; D. MATUSKEY, Auteur ; G. A. MCQUAID, Auteur ; W. C. SU, Auteur ; D. A. TREVISAN, Auteur . - p.4333-4353. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-12 (December 2021) . - p.4333-4353 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis  Brain/diagnostic imaging  Electroencephalography  Humans  Magnetic Resonance Imaging  Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation  Autism spectrum disorder  Eeg  Mri  Neuroimaging  Pet  Tms  fNIRS Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : During the last 40 years, neuroscience has become one of the most central and most productive approaches to investigating autism. In this commentary, we assemble a group of established investigators and trainees to review key advances and anticipated developments in neuroscience research across five modalities most commonly employed in autism research: magnetic resonance imaging, functional near infrared spectroscopy, positron emission tomography, electroencephalography, and transcranial magnetic stimulation. Broadly, neuroscience research has provided important insights into brain systems involved in autism but not yet mechanistic understanding. Methodological advancements are expected to proffer deeper understanding of neural circuitry associated with function and dysfunction during the next 40 years. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05095-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=454

Self-reported parkinsonism features in older autistic adults: A descriptive study / H. M. GEURTS in Autism, 26-1 (January 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 26-1 (January 2022) . - p.217-229 Titre : Self-reported parkinsonism features in older autistic adults: A descriptive study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : H. M. GEURTS, Auteur ; G. A. MCQUAID, Auteur ; Sander BEGEER, Auteur ; Gregory L. WALLACE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.217-229 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  medication  old-age  parkinsonism  self-report Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic adults without a suspected intellectual disability reported several motor features such as having tremors, and stiffness in one's legs which are considered to be part of a complex of motor features called parkinsonism. This so-called parkinsonism was remarkably prevalent in middle-aged and older autistic adults in two independent studies (Dutch study: 50-81 years, 183 males, 113 females, all adulthood diagnoses; the USA study: 50-83 years, 110 females, 109 males, majority adulthood diagnosis). Parkinsonism can be part of the progressive motor disease-Parkinson's disease. Therefore, it is important that future studies, including in-person neurological assessment, determine if (and if so, why) autistic adults who report these motor features are at increased risk for developing Parkinson's disease. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613211020183 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=451 [article] Self-reported parkinsonism features in older autistic adults: A descriptive study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / H. M. GEURTS, Auteur ; G. A. MCQUAID, Auteur ; Sander BEGEER, Auteur ; Gregory L. WALLACE, Auteur . - p.217-229. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 26-1 (January 2022) . - p.217-229 Mots-clés : autism  medication  old-age  parkinsonism  self-report Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic adults without a suspected intellectual disability reported several motor features such as having tremors, and stiffness in one's legs which are considered to be part of a complex of motor features called parkinsonism. This so-called parkinsonism was remarkably prevalent in middle-aged and older autistic adults in two independent studies (Dutch study: 50-81 years, 183 males, 113 females, all adulthood diagnoses; the USA study: 50-83 years, 110 females, 109 males, majority adulthood diagnosis). Parkinsonism can be part of the progressive motor disease-Parkinson's disease. Therefore, it is important that future studies, including in-person neurological assessment, determine if (and if so, why) autistic adults who report these motor features are at increased risk for developing Parkinson's disease. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613211020183 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=451

The gap between IQ and adaptive functioning in autism spectrum disorder: Disentangling diagnostic and sex differences / G. A. MCQUAID in Autism, 25-6 (August 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 25-6 (August 2021) . - p.1565-1579 Titre : The gap between IQ and adaptive functioning in autism spectrum disorder: Disentangling diagnostic and sex differences Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : G. A. MCQUAID, Auteur ; Kevin A. PELPHREY, Auteur ; Susan Y. BOOKHEIMER, Auteur ; Mirella DAPRETTO, Auteur ; S. J. WEBB, Auteur ; Raphael BERNIER, Auteur ; J. C. MCPARTLAND, Auteur ; J. D. VAN HORN, Auteur ; Gregory L. WALLACE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1565-1579 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder  Female  Humans  Intellectual Disability  Male  Sex Characteristics  Social Skills  Iq  adaptive functioning  autism  sex differences  of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this  article. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Adaptive functioning refers to skills that are vital to success in day-to-day life, including daily living (e.g. grocery shopping, food preparation, transportation use), communication (e.g. verbal expression of needs), and socialization skills (e.g. interpersonal skills, including expressing and recognizing emotions, and understanding turn-taking in conversation). Among autistic individuals without intellectual disability, adaptive functioning is not commensurate with intellectual ability (IQ), and instead a gap exists between these individuals' intellectual ability and their adaptive skills. Further, these autistic individuals show a widening of this gap with increasing age. Existing studies of the gap between IQ and adaptive functioning have studied predominantly male samples. Thus, we do not know if the gap also exists in autistic females. We therefore looked at adaptive functioning and the gap between IQ and adaptive functioning in a large sample of autistic girls and boys without intellectual disability. To disentangle effects of group (autistic vs typically developing) from effects of sex (girls vs boys), we compared autistic girls and boys to one another as well as to their same-sex typically developing peers. Analyses took into consideration differences in IQ between autistic and typically developing youth. We found autistic girls, like autistic boys, show lower adaptive functioning than their same-sex typically developing peers. Results underscore the need to evaluate adaptive functioning in autistic individuals without intellectual disability and to provide necessary supports. The large gap between intellectual ability and socialization skills, in particular, may be of critical importance in improving our understanding of outcomes and mental health difficulties among autistic females. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361321995620 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=451 [article] The gap between IQ and adaptive functioning in autism spectrum disorder: Disentangling diagnostic and sex differences [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / G. A. MCQUAID, Auteur ; Kevin A. PELPHREY, Auteur ; Susan Y. BOOKHEIMER, Auteur ; Mirella DAPRETTO, Auteur ; S. J. WEBB, Auteur ; Raphael BERNIER, Auteur ; J. C. MCPARTLAND, Auteur ; J. D. VAN HORN, Auteur ; Gregory L. WALLACE, Auteur . - p.1565-1579. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 25-6 (August 2021) . - p.1565-1579 Mots-clés : Adolescent  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder  Female  Humans  Intellectual Disability  Male  Sex Characteristics  Social Skills  Iq  adaptive functioning  autism  sex differences  of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this  article. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Adaptive functioning refers to skills that are vital to success in day-to-day life, including daily living (e.g. grocery shopping, food preparation, transportation use), communication (e.g. verbal expression of needs), and socialization skills (e.g. interpersonal skills, including expressing and recognizing emotions, and understanding turn-taking in conversation). Among autistic individuals without intellectual disability, adaptive functioning is not commensurate with intellectual ability (IQ), and instead a gap exists between these individuals' intellectual ability and their adaptive skills. Further, these autistic individuals show a widening of this gap with increasing age. Existing studies of the gap between IQ and adaptive functioning have studied predominantly male samples. Thus, we do not know if the gap also exists in autistic females. We therefore looked at adaptive functioning and the gap between IQ and adaptive functioning in a large sample of autistic girls and boys without intellectual disability. To disentangle effects of group (autistic vs typically developing) from effects of sex (girls vs boys), we compared autistic girls and boys to one another as well as to their same-sex typically developing peers. Analyses took into consideration differences in IQ between autistic and typically developing youth. We found autistic girls, like autistic boys, show lower adaptive functioning than their same-sex typically developing peers. Results underscore the need to evaluate adaptive functioning in autistic individuals without intellectual disability and to provide necessary supports. The large gap between intellectual ability and socialization skills, in particular, may be of critical importance in improving our understanding of outcomes and mental health difficulties among autistic females. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361321995620 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=451

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