Autistic young people adaptively use gaze to facilitate joint attention during multi-gestural dyadic interactions / Nathan CARUANA in Autism, 28-6 (June 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-6 (June 2024) . - p.1565-1581 Titre : Autistic young people adaptively use gaze to facilitate joint attention during multi-gestural dyadic interactions Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Nathan CARUANA, Auteur ; Patrick NALEPKA, Auteur ; Glicyr A. PEREZ, Auteur ; Christine INKLEY, Auteur ; Courtney MUNRO, Auteur ; Hannah RAPAPORT, Auteur ; Simon BRETT, Auteur ; David M. KAPLAN, Auteur ; Michael J. RICHARDSON, Auteur ; Elizabeth PELLICANO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1565-1581 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : eye contact  gaze  non-verbal communication  social interaction  virtual reality Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic people often experience difficulties navigating face-to-face social interactions. Historically, the empirical literature has characterised these difficulties as cognitive 'deficits' in social information processing. However, the empirical basis for such claims is lacking, with most studies failing to capture the complexity of social interactions, often distilling them into singular communicative modalities (e.g. gaze-based communication) that are rarely used in isolation in daily interactions. The current study examined how gaze was used in concert with communicative hand gestures during joint attention interactions. We employed an immersive virtual reality paradigm, where autistic (n = 22) and non-autistic (n = 22) young people completed a collaborative task with a non-autistic confederate. Integrated eye-, head- and hand-motion-tracking enabled dyads to communicate naturally with each other while offering objective measures of attention and behaviour. Autistic people in our sample were similarly, if not more, effective in responding to hand-cued joint attention bids compared with non-autistic people. Moreover, both autistic and non-autistic people demonstrated an ability to adaptively use gaze information to aid coordination. Our findings suggest that the intersecting fields of autism and social neuroscience research may have overstated the role of eye gaze during coordinated social interactions. Lay abstract Autistic people have been said to have 'problems' with joint attention, that is, looking where someone else is looking. Past studies of joint attention have used tasks that require autistic people to continuously look at and respond to eye-gaze cues. But joint attention can also be done using other social cues, like pointing. This study looked at whether autistic and non-autistic young people use another person s eye gaze during joint attention in a task that did not require them to look at their partner?s face. In the task, each participant worked together with their partner to find a computer-generated object in virtual reality. Sometimes the participant had to help guide their partner to the object, and other times, they followed their partner?s lead. Participants were told to point to guide one another but were not told to use eye gaze. Both autistic and non-autistic participants often looked at their partner?s face during joint attention interactions and were faster to respond to their partner?s hand-pointing when the partner also looked at the object before pointing. This shows that autistic people can and do use information from another person s eyes, even when they don t have to. It is possible that, by not forcing autistic young people to look at their partner?s face and eyes, they were better able to gather information from their partner?s face when needed, without being overwhelmed. This shows how important it is to design tasks that provide autistic people with opportunities to show what they can do. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231211967 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=529 [article] Autistic young people adaptively use gaze to facilitate joint attention during multi-gestural dyadic interactions [texte imprimé] / Nathan CARUANA, Auteur ; Patrick NALEPKA, Auteur ; Glicyr A. PEREZ, Auteur ; Christine INKLEY, Auteur ; Courtney MUNRO, Auteur ; Hannah RAPAPORT, Auteur ; Simon BRETT, Auteur ; David M. KAPLAN, Auteur ; Michael J. RICHARDSON, Auteur ; Elizabeth PELLICANO, Auteur . - p.1565-1581. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-6 (June 2024) . - p.1565-1581 Mots-clés : eye contact  gaze  non-verbal communication  social interaction  virtual reality Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic people often experience difficulties navigating face-to-face social interactions. Historically, the empirical literature has characterised these difficulties as cognitive 'deficits' in social information processing. However, the empirical basis for such claims is lacking, with most studies failing to capture the complexity of social interactions, often distilling them into singular communicative modalities (e.g. gaze-based communication) that are rarely used in isolation in daily interactions. The current study examined how gaze was used in concert with communicative hand gestures during joint attention interactions. We employed an immersive virtual reality paradigm, where autistic (n = 22) and non-autistic (n = 22) young people completed a collaborative task with a non-autistic confederate. Integrated eye-, head- and hand-motion-tracking enabled dyads to communicate naturally with each other while offering objective measures of attention and behaviour. Autistic people in our sample were similarly, if not more, effective in responding to hand-cued joint attention bids compared with non-autistic people. Moreover, both autistic and non-autistic people demonstrated an ability to adaptively use gaze information to aid coordination. Our findings suggest that the intersecting fields of autism and social neuroscience research may have overstated the role of eye gaze during coordinated social interactions. Lay abstract Autistic people have been said to have 'problems' with joint attention, that is, looking where someone else is looking. Past studies of joint attention have used tasks that require autistic people to continuously look at and respond to eye-gaze cues. But joint attention can also be done using other social cues, like pointing. This study looked at whether autistic and non-autistic young people use another person s eye gaze during joint attention in a task that did not require them to look at their partner?s face. In the task, each participant worked together with their partner to find a computer-generated object in virtual reality. Sometimes the participant had to help guide their partner to the object, and other times, they followed their partner?s lead. Participants were told to point to guide one another but were not told to use eye gaze. Both autistic and non-autistic participants often looked at their partner?s face during joint attention interactions and were faster to respond to their partner?s hand-pointing when the partner also looked at the object before pointing. This shows that autistic people can and do use information from another person s eyes, even when they don t have to. It is possible that, by not forcing autistic young people to look at their partner?s face and eyes, they were better able to gather information from their partner?s face when needed, without being overwhelmed. This shows how important it is to design tasks that provide autistic people with opportunities to show what they can do. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231211967 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=529

Joint attention difficulties in autistic adults: An interactive eye-tracking study / Nathan CARUANA in Autism, 22-4 (May 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 22-4 (May 2018) . - p.502-512 Titre : Joint attention difficulties in autistic adults: An interactive eye-tracking study Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Nathan CARUANA, Auteur ; Heidi STIEGLITZ HAM, Auteur ; Jon BROCK, Auteur ; Alexandra WOOLGAR, Auteur ; Nadine KLOTH, Auteur ; Romina PALERMO, Auteur ; Genevieve MCARTHUR, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.502-512 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  eye gaze  eye tracking  joint attention  social interaction Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Joint attention - the ability to coordinate attention with a social partner - is critical for social communication, learning and the regulation of interpersonal relationships. Infants and young children with autism demonstrate impairments in both initiating and responding to joint attention bids in naturalistic settings. However, little is known about joint attention abilities in adults with autism. Here, we tested 17 autistic adults and 17 age- and nonverbal intelligence quotient-matched controls using an interactive eye-tracking paradigm in which participants initiated and responded to joint attention bids with an on-screen avatar. Compared to control participants, autistic adults completed fewer trials successfully. They were also slower to respond to joint attention bids in the first block of testing but performed as well as controls in the second block. There were no group differences in responding to spatial cues on a non-social task with similar attention and oculomotor demands. These experimental results were mirrored in the subjective reports given by participants, with some commenting that they initially found it challenging to communicate using eye gaze, but were able to develop strategies that allowed them to achieve joint attention. Our study indicates that for many autistic individuals, subtle difficulties using eye-gaze information persist well into adulthood. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361316676204 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=361 [article] Joint attention difficulties in autistic adults: An interactive eye-tracking study [texte imprimé] / Nathan CARUANA, Auteur ; Heidi STIEGLITZ HAM, Auteur ; Jon BROCK, Auteur ; Alexandra WOOLGAR, Auteur ; Nadine KLOTH, Auteur ; Romina PALERMO, Auteur ; Genevieve MCARTHUR, Auteur . - p.502-512. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 22-4 (May 2018) . - p.502-512 Mots-clés : autism  eye gaze  eye tracking  joint attention  social interaction Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Joint attention - the ability to coordinate attention with a social partner - is critical for social communication, learning and the regulation of interpersonal relationships. Infants and young children with autism demonstrate impairments in both initiating and responding to joint attention bids in naturalistic settings. However, little is known about joint attention abilities in adults with autism. Here, we tested 17 autistic adults and 17 age- and nonverbal intelligence quotient-matched controls using an interactive eye-tracking paradigm in which participants initiated and responded to joint attention bids with an on-screen avatar. Compared to control participants, autistic adults completed fewer trials successfully. They were also slower to respond to joint attention bids in the first block of testing but performed as well as controls in the second block. There were no group differences in responding to spatial cues on a non-social task with similar attention and oculomotor demands. These experimental results were mirrored in the subjective reports given by participants, with some commenting that they initially found it challenging to communicate using eye gaze, but were able to develop strategies that allowed them to achieve joint attention. Our study indicates that for many autistic individuals, subtle difficulties using eye-gaze information persist well into adulthood. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361316676204 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=361

"What does 'often' even mean?" Revising and validating the Comprehensive Autistic Trait Inventory in partnership with autistic people / Outi TUOMAINEN ; Nathan WEBER ; Frank FAHR ; Bodie KARLEK ; Marie MAROSKE ; Meike MISIA ; Nathan CARUANA in Molecular Autism, 16 (2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 16 (2025) . - 7 Titre : "What does 'often' even mean?" Revising and validating the Comprehensive Autistic Trait Inventory in partnership with autistic people Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Outi TUOMAINEN, Auteur ; Nathan WEBER, Auteur ; Frank FAHR, Auteur ; Bodie KARLEK, Auteur ; Marie MAROSKE, Auteur ; Meike MISIA, Auteur ; Nathan CARUANA, Auteur Article en page(s) : 7 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Humans  Female  Male  Autistic Disorder/diagnosis/psychology  Adult  Self Report  Adolescent  Young Adult  Middle Aged  Reproducibility of Results  Psychometrics  Autism spectrum  Autistic traits  Gender disparity  Neurodiversity  Participatory research  Psychological testing  Psychometric validation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: In this study, we revised the comprehensive autistic trait inventory (CATI)-a self-report inventory of autistic traits, in collaboration with autistic people and provided preliminary evidence for its validity as a self-report measure of autistic traits in the general population. An established strength of the CATI is its ability to capture female autistic traits. Our project aimed to extend this further, to increase the inventory's accessibility, and to minimise stigma induced by deficit-based representations of autistic experience. METHODS: Together with 22 individuals from the autism and autistic communities, we created the Revised Comprehensive Autistic Trait Inventory (CATI-R). Revisions included rewording items to increase clarity or reduce stigma and expanding items to capture diverse autistic experiences. We also present a series of guidelines for developing self-report inventories of subclinical neurodivergent traits. We validated the CATI-R within a large sample (n = 1439), comprising people with a self-reported autism diagnosis (n = 331), people who self-identified as autistic (n = 44), and non-autistic participants (n = 1046). RESULTS: We successfully validated a revision of the CATI. A confirmatory factor analysis supported the six-subscale structure (two-factor bifactors model: Chi-squared = 2705.73, p < .001, RMSEA = .04, SRMR = .03, CFI = .95, TLI = .94). Spearman's rank correlations showed positive relationships between all subscales (all rs >  .56, ps < .001). Convergent validity was demonstrated by significant correlations between the CATI-R and two contemporary inventories of autistic traits: the AQ (rho = .86, p < .01) and BAPQ (rho = .82, p < .01). Finally, a measurement invariance analysis indicated that total-scale scores can be compared across genders. LIMITATIONS: Our study presents only initial evidence for the validity of the CATI-R that should be enriched with further analyses and types of data, including a larger number of participants who do not identify as male or female. CONCLUSIONS: This project provides a revised trait inventory that resonates with actual autistic experience, along with guidelines for creating self-report measures that are sensitive, accessible, and non-stigmatising. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-025-00643-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=555 [article] "What does 'often' even mean?" Revising and validating the Comprehensive Autistic Trait Inventory in partnership with autistic people [texte imprimé] / Outi TUOMAINEN, Auteur ; Nathan WEBER, Auteur ; Frank FAHR, Auteur ; Bodie KARLEK, Auteur ; Marie MAROSKE, Auteur ; Meike MISIA, Auteur ; Nathan CARUANA, Auteur . - 7. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 16 (2025) . - 7 Mots-clés : Humans  Female  Male  Autistic Disorder/diagnosis/psychology  Adult  Self Report  Adolescent  Young Adult  Middle Aged  Reproducibility of Results  Psychometrics  Autism spectrum  Autistic traits  Gender disparity  Neurodiversity  Participatory research  Psychological testing  Psychometric validation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: In this study, we revised the comprehensive autistic trait inventory (CATI)-a self-report inventory of autistic traits, in collaboration with autistic people and provided preliminary evidence for its validity as a self-report measure of autistic traits in the general population. An established strength of the CATI is its ability to capture female autistic traits. Our project aimed to extend this further, to increase the inventory's accessibility, and to minimise stigma induced by deficit-based representations of autistic experience. METHODS: Together with 22 individuals from the autism and autistic communities, we created the Revised Comprehensive Autistic Trait Inventory (CATI-R). Revisions included rewording items to increase clarity or reduce stigma and expanding items to capture diverse autistic experiences. We also present a series of guidelines for developing self-report inventories of subclinical neurodivergent traits. We validated the CATI-R within a large sample (n = 1439), comprising people with a self-reported autism diagnosis (n = 331), people who self-identified as autistic (n = 44), and non-autistic participants (n = 1046). RESULTS: We successfully validated a revision of the CATI. A confirmatory factor analysis supported the six-subscale structure (two-factor bifactors model: Chi-squared = 2705.73, p < .001, RMSEA = .04, SRMR = .03, CFI = .95, TLI = .94). Spearman's rank correlations showed positive relationships between all subscales (all rs >  .56, ps < .001). Convergent validity was demonstrated by significant correlations between the CATI-R and two contemporary inventories of autistic traits: the AQ (rho = .86, p < .01) and BAPQ (rho = .82, p < .01). Finally, a measurement invariance analysis indicated that total-scale scores can be compared across genders. LIMITATIONS: Our study presents only initial evidence for the validity of the CATI-R that should be enriched with further analyses and types of data, including a larger number of participants who do not identify as male or female. CONCLUSIONS: This project provides a revised trait inventory that resonates with actual autistic experience, along with guidelines for creating self-report measures that are sensitive, accessible, and non-stigmatising. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-025-00643-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=555

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