Adults with autism spectrum disorder and the criminal justice system: An investigation of prevalence of contact with the criminal justice system, risk factors and sex differences in a specialist assessment service / Charlotte E. BLACKMORE in Autism, 26-8 (November 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 26-8 (November 2022) . - p.2098-2107 Titre : Adults with autism spectrum disorder and the criminal justice system: An investigation of prevalence of contact with the criminal justice system, risk factors and sex differences in a specialist assessment service Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Charlotte E. BLACKMORE, Auteur ; Emma L. WOODHOUSE, Auteur ; Nicola GILLAN, Auteur ; Ellie WILSON, Auteur ; Karen L. ASHWOOD, Auteur ; Vladimira STOENCHEVA, Auteur ; Alexandra NOLAN, Auteur ; Gráinne M. MCALONAN, Auteur ; Dene M. ROBERTSON, Auteur ; Susannah WHITWELL, Auteur ; Quinton DEELEY, Auteur ; Michael C. CRAIG, Auteur ; Janneke ZINKSTOK, Auteur ; Rob WICHERS, Auteur ; Debbie SPAIN, Auteur ; Ged ROBERTS, Auteur ; Declan GM MURPHY, Auteur ; Clodagh M. MURPHY, Auteur ; Eileen DALY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2098-2107 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Humans  Male  Female  Autism Spectrum Disorder/epidemiology  Criminal Law  Prevalence  Sex Characteristics  Risk Factors  autism spectrum disorders  crime  criminal justice system  offending  risk factors  research, authorship and/or publication of this article. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There has been growing interest in offending and contact with the criminal justice system (CJS) by people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, it is not clear whether people with ASD offend more than those without ASD. Studies have started to look at whether there are particular offences people with ASD are more likely to commit and whether there are any factors that can affect whether someone comes into contact with the CJS as a potential suspect. This study looked at the patients who attended an ASD diagnostic service over a 17-year period to see the rate of contact with the CJS of those who were diagnosed with ASD and whether there were any particular factors that might increase the risk of CJS contact. Nearly a quarter of the ASD group had some contact with the CJS as a potential suspect. Factors that seemed to increase whether someone with ASD was more likely to have contact with the CJS were being male, being diagnosed with ADHD, and being diagnosed with psychosis. This study is one of the largest studies to investigate the rate of CJS contact as a potential suspect in a sample of adults with ASD in an attempt to give a clearer picture of what might influence someone with ASD to engage in offending behaviour in order to try to see what mental health services can offer to reduce the likelihood of someone with ASD coming into contact with the CJS, for example, treatment for another condition or support. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221081343 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=488 [article] Adults with autism spectrum disorder and the criminal justice system: An investigation of prevalence of contact with the criminal justice system, risk factors and sex differences in a specialist assessment service [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Charlotte E. BLACKMORE, Auteur ; Emma L. WOODHOUSE, Auteur ; Nicola GILLAN, Auteur ; Ellie WILSON, Auteur ; Karen L. ASHWOOD, Auteur ; Vladimira STOENCHEVA, Auteur ; Alexandra NOLAN, Auteur ; Gráinne M. MCALONAN, Auteur ; Dene M. ROBERTSON, Auteur ; Susannah WHITWELL, Auteur ; Quinton DEELEY, Auteur ; Michael C. CRAIG, Auteur ; Janneke ZINKSTOK, Auteur ; Rob WICHERS, Auteur ; Debbie SPAIN, Auteur ; Ged ROBERTS, Auteur ; Declan GM MURPHY, Auteur ; Clodagh M. MURPHY, Auteur ; Eileen DALY, Auteur . - p.2098-2107. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 26-8 (November 2022) . - p.2098-2107 Mots-clés : Adult  Humans  Male  Female  Autism Spectrum Disorder/epidemiology  Criminal Law  Prevalence  Sex Characteristics  Risk Factors  autism spectrum disorders  crime  criminal justice system  offending  risk factors  research, authorship and/or publication of this article. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There has been growing interest in offending and contact with the criminal justice system (CJS) by people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, it is not clear whether people with ASD offend more than those without ASD. Studies have started to look at whether there are particular offences people with ASD are more likely to commit and whether there are any factors that can affect whether someone comes into contact with the CJS as a potential suspect. This study looked at the patients who attended an ASD diagnostic service over a 17-year period to see the rate of contact with the CJS of those who were diagnosed with ASD and whether there were any particular factors that might increase the risk of CJS contact. Nearly a quarter of the ASD group had some contact with the CJS as a potential suspect. Factors that seemed to increase whether someone with ASD was more likely to have contact with the CJS were being male, being diagnosed with ADHD, and being diagnosed with psychosis. This study is one of the largest studies to investigate the rate of CJS contact as a potential suspect in a sample of adults with ASD in an attempt to give a clearer picture of what might influence someone with ASD to engage in offending behaviour in order to try to see what mental health services can offer to reduce the likelihood of someone with ASD coming into contact with the CJS, for example, treatment for another condition or support. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221081343 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=488

Randomized controlled double-blind trial of optimal dose methylphenidate in children and adolescents with severe attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and intellectual disability / Emily SIMONOFF in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54-5 (May 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-5 (May 2013) . - p.527-535 Titre : Randomized controlled double-blind trial of optimal dose methylphenidate in children and adolescents with severe attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and intellectual disability Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Emily SIMONOFF, Auteur ; Eric TAYLOR, Auteur ; Gillian BAIRD, Auteur ; Sarah BERNARD, Auteur ; Oliver CHADWICK, Auteur ; Holan LIANG, Auteur ; Susannah WHITWELL, Auteur ; Kirsten RIEMER, Auteur ; Kishan SHARMA, Auteur ; Santvana Pandey SHARMA, Auteur ; Nicky WOOD, Auteur ; Joanna KELLY, Auteur ; Ania GOLASZEWSKI, Auteur ; Juliet KENNEDY, Auteur ; Lydia RODNEY, Auteur ; Nicole WEST, Auteur ; Rebecca WALWYN, Auteur ; Fatima JICHI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.527-535 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity  Randomized controlled trial  autism  mental retardation  intellectual disability  methylphenidate  stimulants Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is increased in children with intellectual disability. Previous research has suggested stimulants are less effective than in typically developing children but no studies have titrated medication for individual optimal dosing or tested the effects for longer than 4 weeks. Method: One hundred and twenty two drug-free children aged 7–15 with hyperkinetic disorder and IQ 30–69 were recruited to a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial that randomized participants using minimization by probability, stratified by referral source and IQ level in a one to one ratio. Methylphenidate was compared with placebo. Dose titration comprised at least 1 week each of low (0.5 mg/kg/day), medium (1.0 mg/kg/day) and high dose (1.5 mg/kg/day). Parent and teacher Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) index of the Conners Rating Scale-Short Version at 16 weeks provided the primary outcome measures. Clinical response was determined with the Clinical Global Impressions scale (CGI-I). Adverse effects were evaluated by a parent-rated questionnaire, weight, pulse and blood pressure. Analyses were by intention to treat. Trial registration: ISRCTN 68384912. Results: Methylphenidate was superior to placebo with effect sizes of 0.39 [95% confidence intervals (CIs) 0.09, 0.70] and 0.52 (95% CIs 0.23, 0.82) for the parent and teacher Conners ADHD index. Four (7%) children on placebo versus 24 (40%) of those on methylphenidate were judged improved or much improved on the CGI. IQ and autistic symptoms did not affect treatment efficacy. Active medication was associated with sleep difficulty, loss of appetite and weight loss but there were no significant differences in pulse or blood pressure. Conclusions: Optimal dosing of methylphenidate is practical and effective in some children with hyperkinetic disorder and intellectual disability. Adverse effects typical of methylphenidate were seen and medication use may require close monitoring in this vulnerable group. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02569.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=196 [article] Randomized controlled double-blind trial of optimal dose methylphenidate in children and adolescents with severe attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and intellectual disability [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Emily SIMONOFF, Auteur ; Eric TAYLOR, Auteur ; Gillian BAIRD, Auteur ; Sarah BERNARD, Auteur ; Oliver CHADWICK, Auteur ; Holan LIANG, Auteur ; Susannah WHITWELL, Auteur ; Kirsten RIEMER, Auteur ; Kishan SHARMA, Auteur ; Santvana Pandey SHARMA, Auteur ; Nicky WOOD, Auteur ; Joanna KELLY, Auteur ; Ania GOLASZEWSKI, Auteur ; Juliet KENNEDY, Auteur ; Lydia RODNEY, Auteur ; Nicole WEST, Auteur ; Rebecca WALWYN, Auteur ; Fatima JICHI, Auteur . - p.527-535. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-5 (May 2013) . - p.527-535 Mots-clés : Attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity  Randomized controlled trial  autism  mental retardation  intellectual disability  methylphenidate  stimulants Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is increased in children with intellectual disability. Previous research has suggested stimulants are less effective than in typically developing children but no studies have titrated medication for individual optimal dosing or tested the effects for longer than 4 weeks. Method: One hundred and twenty two drug-free children aged 7–15 with hyperkinetic disorder and IQ 30–69 were recruited to a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial that randomized participants using minimization by probability, stratified by referral source and IQ level in a one to one ratio. Methylphenidate was compared with placebo. Dose titration comprised at least 1 week each of low (0.5 mg/kg/day), medium (1.0 mg/kg/day) and high dose (1.5 mg/kg/day). Parent and teacher Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) index of the Conners Rating Scale-Short Version at 16 weeks provided the primary outcome measures. Clinical response was determined with the Clinical Global Impressions scale (CGI-I). Adverse effects were evaluated by a parent-rated questionnaire, weight, pulse and blood pressure. Analyses were by intention to treat. Trial registration: ISRCTN 68384912. Results: Methylphenidate was superior to placebo with effect sizes of 0.39 [95% confidence intervals (CIs) 0.09, 0.70] and 0.52 (95% CIs 0.23, 0.82) for the parent and teacher Conners ADHD index. Four (7%) children on placebo versus 24 (40%) of those on methylphenidate were judged improved or much improved on the CGI. IQ and autistic symptoms did not affect treatment efficacy. Active medication was associated with sleep difficulty, loss of appetite and weight loss but there were no significant differences in pulse or blood pressure. Conclusions: Optimal dosing of methylphenidate is practical and effective in some children with hyperkinetic disorder and intellectual disability. Adverse effects typical of methylphenidate were seen and medication use may require close monitoring in this vulnerable group. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02569.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=196

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