Chronic peer victimization heightens neural sensitivity to risk taking / Eva H. TELZER in Development and Psychopathology, 30-1 (February 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 30-1 (February 2018) . - p.13-26 Titre : Chronic peer victimization heightens neural sensitivity to risk taking Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Eva H. TELZER, Auteur ; Michelle E. MIERNICKI, Auteur ; Karen D. RUDOLPH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.13-26 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although behavioral and experimental studies have shown links between victimization and antisocial behavior, the neural correlates explaining this link are relatively unknown. In the current study, we recruited adolescent girls from a longitudinal study that tracked youths’ reports of peer victimization experiences annually from the second through eighth grades. Based on these reports, 46 adolescents were recruited: 25 chronically victimized and 21 nonvictimized. During a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan, participants completed a risk-taking task. Chronic peer victimization was associated with greater risk-taking behavior during the task and higher levels of self-reported antisocial behavior in everyday life. At the neural level, chronically victimized girls showed greater activation in regions involved in affective sensitivity, social cognition, and cognitive control, which significantly mediated victimization group differences in self-reported antisocial behavior. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579417000438 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=335 [article] Chronic peer victimization heightens neural sensitivity to risk taking [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Eva H. TELZER, Auteur ; Michelle E. MIERNICKI, Auteur ; Karen D. RUDOLPH, Auteur . - p.13-26. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 30-1 (February 2018) . - p.13-26 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although behavioral and experimental studies have shown links between victimization and antisocial behavior, the neural correlates explaining this link are relatively unknown. In the current study, we recruited adolescent girls from a longitudinal study that tracked youths’ reports of peer victimization experiences annually from the second through eighth grades. Based on these reports, 46 adolescents were recruited: 25 chronically victimized and 21 nonvictimized. During a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan, participants completed a risk-taking task. Chronic peer victimization was associated with greater risk-taking behavior during the task and higher levels of self-reported antisocial behavior in everyday life. At the neural level, chronically victimized girls showed greater activation in regions involved in affective sensitivity, social cognition, and cognitive control, which significantly mediated victimization group differences in self-reported antisocial behavior. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579417000438 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=335

Discrimination of amygdala response predicts future separation anxiety in youth with early deprivation / Shulamite A. GREEN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-10 (October 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-10 (October 2016) . - p.1135-1144 Titre : Discrimination of amygdala response predicts future separation anxiety in youth with early deprivation Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Shulamite A. GREEN, Auteur ; Bonnie GOFF, Auteur ; Dylan G. GEE, Auteur ; Laurel GABARD-DURNAM, Auteur ; Jessica FLANNERY, Auteur ; Eva H. TELZER, Auteur ; Kathryn L. HUMPHREYS, Auteur ; Jennifer LOUIE, Auteur ; Nim TOTTENHAM, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1135-1144 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Amygdala development  parents  stress  institutional rearing  separation anxiety  social Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Significant disruption in caregiving is associated with increased internalizing symptoms, most notably heightened separation anxiety symptoms during childhood. It is also associated with altered functional development of the amygdala, a neurobiological correlate of anxious behavior. However, much less is known about how functional alterations of amygdala predict individual differences in anxiety. Here, we probed amygdala function following institutional caregiving using very subtle social-affective stimuli (trustworthy and untrustworthy faces), which typically result in large differences in amygdala signal, and change in separation anxiety behaviors over a 2-year period. We hypothesized that the degree of differentiation of amygdala signal to trustworthy versus untrustworthy face stimuli would predict separation anxiety symptoms. Methods Seventy-four youths mean (SD) age = 9.7 years (2.64) with and without previous institutional care, who were all living in families at the time of testing, participated in an fMRI task designed to examine differential amygdala response to trustworthy versus untrustworthy faces. Parents reported on their children's separation anxiety symptoms at the time of scan and again 2 years later. Results Previous institutional care was associated with diminished amygdala signal differences and behavioral differences to the contrast of untrustworthy and trustworthy faces. Diminished differentiation of these stimuli types predicted more severe separation anxiety symptoms 2 years later. Older age at adoption was associated with diminished differentiation of amygdala responses. Conclusions A history of institutional care is associated with reduced differential amygdala responses to social-affective cues of trustworthiness that are typically exhibited by comparison samples. Individual differences in the degree of amygdala differential responding to these cues predict the severity of separation anxiety symptoms over a 2-year period. These findings provide a biological mechanism to explain the associations between early caregiving adversity and individual differences in internalizing symptomology during development, thereby contributing to individualized predictions of future clinical outcomes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12578 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=295 [article] Discrimination of amygdala response predicts future separation anxiety in youth with early deprivation [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Shulamite A. GREEN, Auteur ; Bonnie GOFF, Auteur ; Dylan G. GEE, Auteur ; Laurel GABARD-DURNAM, Auteur ; Jessica FLANNERY, Auteur ; Eva H. TELZER, Auteur ; Kathryn L. HUMPHREYS, Auteur ; Jennifer LOUIE, Auteur ; Nim TOTTENHAM, Auteur . - p.1135-1144. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-10 (October 2016) . - p.1135-1144 Mots-clés : Amygdala development  parents  stress  institutional rearing  separation anxiety  social Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Significant disruption in caregiving is associated with increased internalizing symptoms, most notably heightened separation anxiety symptoms during childhood. It is also associated with altered functional development of the amygdala, a neurobiological correlate of anxious behavior. However, much less is known about how functional alterations of amygdala predict individual differences in anxiety. Here, we probed amygdala function following institutional caregiving using very subtle social-affective stimuli (trustworthy and untrustworthy faces), which typically result in large differences in amygdala signal, and change in separation anxiety behaviors over a 2-year period. We hypothesized that the degree of differentiation of amygdala signal to trustworthy versus untrustworthy face stimuli would predict separation anxiety symptoms. Methods Seventy-four youths mean (SD) age = 9.7 years (2.64) with and without previous institutional care, who were all living in families at the time of testing, participated in an fMRI task designed to examine differential amygdala response to trustworthy versus untrustworthy faces. Parents reported on their children's separation anxiety symptoms at the time of scan and again 2 years later. Results Previous institutional care was associated with diminished amygdala signal differences and behavioral differences to the contrast of untrustworthy and trustworthy faces. Diminished differentiation of these stimuli types predicted more severe separation anxiety symptoms 2 years later. Older age at adoption was associated with diminished differentiation of amygdala responses. Conclusions A history of institutional care is associated with reduced differential amygdala responses to social-affective cues of trustworthiness that are typically exhibited by comparison samples. Individual differences in the degree of amygdala differential responding to these cues predict the severity of separation anxiety symptoms over a 2-year period. These findings provide a biological mechanism to explain the associations between early caregiving adversity and individual differences in internalizing symptomology during development, thereby contributing to individualized predictions of future clinical outcomes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12578 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=295

Positive valence bias and parent–child relationship security moderate the association between early institutional caregiving and internalizing symptoms / Michelle R. VANTIEGHEM in Development and Psychopathology, 29-2 (May 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 29-2 (May 2017) . - p.519-533 Titre : Positive valence bias and parent–child relationship security moderate the association between early institutional caregiving and internalizing symptoms Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Michelle R. VANTIEGHEM, Auteur ; Laurel GABARD-DURNAM, Auteur ; Bonnie GOFF, Auteur ; Jessica FLANNERY, Auteur ; Kathryn L. HUMPHREYS, Auteur ; Eva H. TELZER, Auteur ; Christina CALDERA, Auteur ; Jennifer Y. LOUIE, Auteur ; Mor SHAPIRO, Auteur ; Niall BOLGER, Auteur ; Nim TOTTENHAM, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.519-533 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Institutional caregiving is associated with significant deviations from species-expected caregiving, altering the normative sequence of attachment formation and placing children at risk for long-term emotional difficulties. However, little is known about factors that can promote resilience following early institutional caregiving. In the current study, we investigated how adaptations in affective processing (i.e., positive valence bias) and family-level protective factors (i.e., secure parent–child relationships) moderate risk for internalizing symptoms in previously institutionalized (PI) youth. Children and adolescents with and without a history of institutional care performed a laboratory-based affective processing task and self-reported measures of parent–child relationship security. PI youth were more likely than comparison youth to show positive valence biases when interpreting ambiguous facial expressions. Both positive valence bias and parent–child relationship security moderated the association between institutional care and parent-reported internalizing symptoms, such that greater positive valence bias and more secure parent–child relationships predicted fewer symptoms in PI youth. However, when both factors were tested concurrently, parent–child relationship security more strongly moderated the link between PI status and internalizing symptoms. These findings suggest that both individual-level adaptations in affective processing and family-level factors of secure parent–child relationships may ameliorate risk for internalizing psychopathology following early institutional caregiving. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579417000153 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=305 [article] Positive valence bias and parent–child relationship security moderate the association between early institutional caregiving and internalizing symptoms [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Michelle R. VANTIEGHEM, Auteur ; Laurel GABARD-DURNAM, Auteur ; Bonnie GOFF, Auteur ; Jessica FLANNERY, Auteur ; Kathryn L. HUMPHREYS, Auteur ; Eva H. TELZER, Auteur ; Christina CALDERA, Auteur ; Jennifer Y. LOUIE, Auteur ; Mor SHAPIRO, Auteur ; Niall BOLGER, Auteur ; Nim TOTTENHAM, Auteur . - p.519-533. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 29-2 (May 2017) . - p.519-533 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Institutional caregiving is associated with significant deviations from species-expected caregiving, altering the normative sequence of attachment formation and placing children at risk for long-term emotional difficulties. However, little is known about factors that can promote resilience following early institutional caregiving. In the current study, we investigated how adaptations in affective processing (i.e., positive valence bias) and family-level protective factors (i.e., secure parent–child relationships) moderate risk for internalizing symptoms in previously institutionalized (PI) youth. Children and adolescents with and without a history of institutional care performed a laboratory-based affective processing task and self-reported measures of parent–child relationship security. PI youth were more likely than comparison youth to show positive valence biases when interpreting ambiguous facial expressions. Both positive valence bias and parent–child relationship security moderated the association between institutional care and parent-reported internalizing symptoms, such that greater positive valence bias and more secure parent–child relationships predicted fewer symptoms in PI youth. However, when both factors were tested concurrently, parent–child relationship security more strongly moderated the link between PI status and internalizing symptoms. These findings suggest that both individual-level adaptations in affective processing and family-level factors of secure parent–child relationships may ameliorate risk for internalizing psychopathology following early institutional caregiving. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579417000153 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=305

Racial/ethnic disparities in cortisol diurnal patterns and affect in adolescence / LillyBelle K. DEER in Development and Psychopathology, 30-5 (December 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 30-5 (December 2018) . - p.1977-1993 Titre : Racial/ethnic disparities in cortisol diurnal patterns and affect in adolescence Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : LillyBelle K. DEER, Auteur ; Grant S. SHIELDS, Auteur ; Susannah L. IVORY, Auteur ; Camelia E. HOSTINAR, Auteur ; Eva H. TELZER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1977-1993 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Racial/ethnic minorities are more vulnerable to mental and physical health problems, but we know little about the psychobiological underpinnings of these disparities. In this study, we examined racial/ethnic differences in cortisol diurnal patterns and affect as initial steps toward elucidating long-term health disparities. A racially/ethnically diverse (39.5% White, 60.5% minority) sample of 370 adolescents (57.3% female) between the ages of 11.9 and 18 years (M = 14.65 years, SD = 1.39) participated in this study. These adolescents provided 16 cortisol samples (4 samples per day across 4 days), allowing the computation of diurnal cortisol slopes, the cortisol awakening response, and diurnal cortisol output (area under the curve), as well as daily diary ratings of high-arousal and low-arousal positive and negative affect. Consistent with prior research, we found that racial/ethnic minorities (particularly African American and Latino youth) exhibited flatter diurnal cortisol slopes compared to White youth, F (1, 344.7) = 5.26, p = .02, effect size g = 0.25. Furthermore, African American and Asian American youth reported lower levels of positive affect (both high arousal and low arousal) compared to White youth. Racial/ethnic differences in affect did not explain differences in cortisol patterns, suggesting a need to refine our models of relations between affect and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical activity. We conclude by proposing that a deeper understanding of cultural development may help elucidate the complex associations between affect and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical functioning and how they explain racial/ethnic differences in both affect and stress biology. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579418001098 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=371 [article] Racial/ethnic disparities in cortisol diurnal patterns and affect in adolescence [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / LillyBelle K. DEER, Auteur ; Grant S. SHIELDS, Auteur ; Susannah L. IVORY, Auteur ; Camelia E. HOSTINAR, Auteur ; Eva H. TELZER, Auteur . - p.1977-1993. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 30-5 (December 2018) . - p.1977-1993 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Racial/ethnic minorities are more vulnerable to mental and physical health problems, but we know little about the psychobiological underpinnings of these disparities. In this study, we examined racial/ethnic differences in cortisol diurnal patterns and affect as initial steps toward elucidating long-term health disparities. A racially/ethnically diverse (39.5% White, 60.5% minority) sample of 370 adolescents (57.3% female) between the ages of 11.9 and 18 years (M = 14.65 years, SD = 1.39) participated in this study. These adolescents provided 16 cortisol samples (4 samples per day across 4 days), allowing the computation of diurnal cortisol slopes, the cortisol awakening response, and diurnal cortisol output (area under the curve), as well as daily diary ratings of high-arousal and low-arousal positive and negative affect. Consistent with prior research, we found that racial/ethnic minorities (particularly African American and Latino youth) exhibited flatter diurnal cortisol slopes compared to White youth, F (1, 344.7) = 5.26, p = .02, effect size g = 0.25. Furthermore, African American and Asian American youth reported lower levels of positive affect (both high arousal and low arousal) compared to White youth. Racial/ethnic differences in affect did not explain differences in cortisol patterns, suggesting a need to refine our models of relations between affect and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical activity. We conclude by proposing that a deeper understanding of cultural development may help elucidate the complex associations between affect and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical functioning and how they explain racial/ethnic differences in both affect and stress biology. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579418001098 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=371

Subjective social status and neural processing of race in Mexican American adolescents / Keely A. MUSCATELL in Development and Psychopathology, 30-5 (December 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 30-5 (December 2018) . - p.1837-1848 Titre : Subjective social status and neural processing of race in Mexican American adolescents Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Keely A. MUSCATELL, Auteur ; Ethan MCCORMICK, Auteur ; Eva H. TELZER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1837-1848 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Adolescence is a sensitive period for sociocultural development in which facets of social identity, including social status and race, become especially salient. Despite the heightened importance of both social status and race during this developmental period, no known work has examined how individual differences in social status influence perceptions of race in adolescents. Thus, in the present study, we investigated how both subjective social status and objective socioeconomic status (SES) influence neural responses to race. Twenty-three Mexican American adolescents (15 females; mean age = 17.22 years) were scanned using functional magnetic resonance imaging while they viewed Black and White faces in a standard labeling task. Adolescents rated their subjective social status in US society, while their parents responded to questions about their educational background, occupation, and economic strain (objective SES). Results demonstrated a negative association between subjective social status and neural responses in the amygdala, fusiform face area, and medial prefrontal cortex when adolescents viewed Black (relative to White) faces. In other words, adolescents with lower subjective social status showed greater activity in neural regions involved in processing salience, perceptual expertise, and thinking about the minds of others when they viewed images of Black faces, suggesting enhanced salience of race for these youth. There was no relationship between objective SES and neural responses to the faces. Moreover, instructing participants to focus on the gender or emotion expression on the face attenuated the relationship between subjective social status and neural processing of race. Together, these results demonstrate that subjective social status shapes the way the brain responds to race, which may have implications for psychopathology. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579418000949 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=370 [article] Subjective social status and neural processing of race in Mexican American adolescents [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Keely A. MUSCATELL, Auteur ; Ethan MCCORMICK, Auteur ; Eva H. TELZER, Auteur . - p.1837-1848. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 30-5 (December 2018) . - p.1837-1848 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Adolescence is a sensitive period for sociocultural development in which facets of social identity, including social status and race, become especially salient. Despite the heightened importance of both social status and race during this developmental period, no known work has examined how individual differences in social status influence perceptions of race in adolescents. Thus, in the present study, we investigated how both subjective social status and objective socioeconomic status (SES) influence neural responses to race. Twenty-three Mexican American adolescents (15 females; mean age = 17.22 years) were scanned using functional magnetic resonance imaging while they viewed Black and White faces in a standard labeling task. Adolescents rated their subjective social status in US society, while their parents responded to questions about their educational background, occupation, and economic strain (objective SES). Results demonstrated a negative association between subjective social status and neural responses in the amygdala, fusiform face area, and medial prefrontal cortex when adolescents viewed Black (relative to White) faces. In other words, adolescents with lower subjective social status showed greater activity in neural regions involved in processing salience, perceptual expertise, and thinking about the minds of others when they viewed images of Black faces, suggesting enhanced salience of race for these youth. There was no relationship between objective SES and neural responses to the faces. Moreover, instructing participants to focus on the gender or emotion expression on the face attenuated the relationship between subjective social status and neural processing of race. Together, these results demonstrate that subjective social status shapes the way the brain responds to race, which may have implications for psychopathology. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579418000949 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=370

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