Food fussiness and food neophobia share a common etiology in early childhood / Andrea D. SMITH in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58-2 (February 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-2 (February 2017) . - p.189-196 Titre : Food fussiness and food neophobia share a common etiology in early childhood Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Andrea D. SMITH, Auteur ; Moritz HERLE, Auteur ; Alison FILDES, Auteur ; Lucy COOKE, Auteur ; Silje STEINSBEKK, Auteur ; Clare H. LLEWELLYN, Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : p.189-196 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Eating behavior  twin design  behavioral genetics  food fussiness  food neophobia Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background ‘Food fussiness’ (FF) is the tendency to be highly selective about which foods one is willing to eat, and emerges in early childhood; ‘food neophobia’ (FN) is a closely related characteristic but specifically refers to rejection of unfamiliar food. These behaviors are associated, but the extent to which their etiological architecture overlaps is unknown. The objective of this study was to quantify the relative contribution of genetic and environmental influences to variation in FF and FN in early childhood; and to establish the extent to which they share common genetic and environmental influences. Method Participants were 1,921 families with 16-month-old twins from the Gemini birth cohort. Parents completed the Child Eating Behaviour Questionnaire which included three FF items and four FN items. Bivariate quantitative genetic modeling was used to quantify: (a) genetic and environmental contributions to variation in FF and FN; and (b) the extent to which genetic or environmental influences on FF and FN are shared across the traits. Results Food fussiness and FN were strongly correlated (r = .72, p < .001). Proportions of variation in FF were equally explained by genetic (.46; 95% CI: 0.41–0.52) and shared environmental influences (.46; 95% CI: 0.41–0.51). Shared environmental effects accounted for a significantly lower proportion of variation in FN (.22; 95% CI: 0.14–0.30), but genetic influences were not significantly different from those on FF (.58, 95% CI: 0.50–0.67). FF and FN largely shared a common etiology, indicated by high genetic (.73; 95% CI: 0.67–0.78) and shared environmental correlations (.78; 95% CI: 0.69–0.86) across the two traits. Conclusions Food fussiness and FN both show considerable heritability at 16 months but shared environmental factors, for example the home environment, influenced more interindividual differences in the expression of FF than in FN. FF and FN largely share a common etiology. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12647 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=2990 [article] Food fussiness and food neophobia share a common etiology in early childhood [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Andrea D. SMITH, Auteur ; Moritz HERLE, Auteur ; Alison FILDES, Auteur ; Lucy COOKE, Auteur ; Silje STEINSBEKK, Auteur ; Clare H. LLEWELLYN, Auteur . - 2017 . - p.189-196. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-2 (February 2017) . - p.189-196 Mots-clés : Eating behavior  twin design  behavioral genetics  food fussiness  food neophobia Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background ‘Food fussiness’ (FF) is the tendency to be highly selective about which foods one is willing to eat, and emerges in early childhood; ‘food neophobia’ (FN) is a closely related characteristic but specifically refers to rejection of unfamiliar food. These behaviors are associated, but the extent to which their etiological architecture overlaps is unknown. The objective of this study was to quantify the relative contribution of genetic and environmental influences to variation in FF and FN in early childhood; and to establish the extent to which they share common genetic and environmental influences. Method Participants were 1,921 families with 16-month-old twins from the Gemini birth cohort. Parents completed the Child Eating Behaviour Questionnaire which included three FF items and four FN items. Bivariate quantitative genetic modeling was used to quantify: (a) genetic and environmental contributions to variation in FF and FN; and (b) the extent to which genetic or environmental influences on FF and FN are shared across the traits. Results Food fussiness and FN were strongly correlated (r = .72, p < .001). Proportions of variation in FF were equally explained by genetic (.46; 95% CI: 0.41–0.52) and shared environmental influences (.46; 95% CI: 0.41–0.51). Shared environmental effects accounted for a significantly lower proportion of variation in FN (.22; 95% CI: 0.14–0.30), but genetic influences were not significantly different from those on FF (.58, 95% CI: 0.50–0.67). FF and FN largely shared a common etiology, indicated by high genetic (.73; 95% CI: 0.67–0.78) and shared environmental correlations (.78; 95% CI: 0.69–0.86) across the two traits. Conclusions Food fussiness and FN both show considerable heritability at 16 months but shared environmental factors, for example the home environment, influenced more interindividual differences in the expression of FF than in FN. FF and FN largely share a common etiology. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12647 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=2990

Homotypic and heterotypic continuity of symptoms of psychiatric disorders from age 4 to 10 years: a dynamic panel model / Lars WICHSTRØM in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58-11 (November 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-11 (November 2017) . - p.1239-1247 Titre : Homotypic and heterotypic continuity of symptoms of psychiatric disorders from age 4 to 10 years: a dynamic panel model Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lars WICHSTRØM, Auteur ; Jay BELSKY, Auteur ; Silje STEINSBEKK, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1239-1247 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder  anxiety  conduct disorder  continuity  depression  fixed effects  heterotypic  homotypic  longitudinal  life-events  oppositional defiant disorder  prospective  psychiatric disorder  symptoms Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Childhood psychiatric disorders and their symptoms evince both within-disorder (homotypic) and between-disorder (heterotypic) continuities. These continuities may be due to earlier symptoms causing later symptoms or, alternatively, that the same (unknown) causes (e.g., genetics) are operating across time. Applying a novel data analytic approach, we disentangle these two explanations. Methods Participants in a Norwegian community study were assessed biennially from 4 to 10 years of age with clinical interviews (n = 1,042). Prospective reciprocal relations between symptoms of disorders were analyzed with a dynamic panel model within a structural equation framework, adjusting for all unmeasured time-invariant confounders and time-varying negative life-events. Results Homotypic continuities in symptoms characterized all disorders; strongest for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (r = .32–.62), moderate for behavioral disorders (r = .31–.48) and for anxiety and depression (r = .15–.40), and stronger between 8 and 10 than between 4 and 6 years. Heterotypic continuity also characterized all disorders. A dynamic panel model showed that most continuities were due to unmeasured time-invariant factors rather than effects of earlier symptoms on later symptoms, although symptoms of behavioral disorders, which evinced two-year homotypic continuity (B = .14, 95% CI: .04, .25), did influence later symptoms of ADHD (B = .13, CI: .03, .23), and earlier ADHD symptoms influenced later anxiety disorder symptoms (B = .07, CI: .01, .12). Conclusions Homotypic and heterotypic continuities of symptoms of childhood psychiatric disorders are mostly due to unobserved time-invariant factors. Nonetheless, symptoms of earlier behavioral disorders may affect later symptoms of such disorders and of ADHD, and ADHD may increase the risk of later anxiety. Thus, even if interventions do not alter basic etiological factors, symptom reduction may itself cause later symptom reduction. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12754 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=3265 [article] Homotypic and heterotypic continuity of symptoms of psychiatric disorders from age 4 to 10 years: a dynamic panel model [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lars WICHSTRØM, Auteur ; Jay BELSKY, Auteur ; Silje STEINSBEKK, Auteur . - p.1239-1247. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-11 (November 2017) . - p.1239-1247 Mots-clés : Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder  anxiety  conduct disorder  continuity  depression  fixed effects  heterotypic  homotypic  longitudinal  life-events  oppositional defiant disorder  prospective  psychiatric disorder  symptoms Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Childhood psychiatric disorders and their symptoms evince both within-disorder (homotypic) and between-disorder (heterotypic) continuities. These continuities may be due to earlier symptoms causing later symptoms or, alternatively, that the same (unknown) causes (e.g., genetics) are operating across time. Applying a novel data analytic approach, we disentangle these two explanations. Methods Participants in a Norwegian community study were assessed biennially from 4 to 10 years of age with clinical interviews (n = 1,042). Prospective reciprocal relations between symptoms of disorders were analyzed with a dynamic panel model within a structural equation framework, adjusting for all unmeasured time-invariant confounders and time-varying negative life-events. Results Homotypic continuities in symptoms characterized all disorders; strongest for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (r = .32–.62), moderate for behavioral disorders (r = .31–.48) and for anxiety and depression (r = .15–.40), and stronger between 8 and 10 than between 4 and 6 years. Heterotypic continuity also characterized all disorders. A dynamic panel model showed that most continuities were due to unmeasured time-invariant factors rather than effects of earlier symptoms on later symptoms, although symptoms of behavioral disorders, which evinced two-year homotypic continuity (B = .14, 95% CI: .04, .25), did influence later symptoms of ADHD (B = .13, CI: .03, .23), and earlier ADHD symptoms influenced later anxiety disorder symptoms (B = .07, CI: .01, .12). Conclusions Homotypic and heterotypic continuities of symptoms of childhood psychiatric disorders are mostly due to unobserved time-invariant factors. Nonetheless, symptoms of earlier behavioral disorders may affect later symptoms of such disorders and of ADHD, and ADHD may increase the risk of later anxiety. Thus, even if interventions do not alter basic etiological factors, symptom reduction may itself cause later symptom reduction. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12754 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=3265

Longitudinal relations between impaired executive function and symptoms of psychiatric disorders in childhood / Marte HALSE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 63-12 (December 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 63-12 (December 2022) . - p.1574-1582 Titre : Longitudinal relations between impaired executive function and symptoms of psychiatric disorders in childhood Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Marte HALSE, Auteur ; Silje STEINSBEKK, Auteur ; ASA HAMMAR, Auteur ; Lars WICHSTRØM, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1574-1582 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Child  Adolescent  Child, Preschool  Humans  Executive Function  Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders/epidemiology  Conduct Disorder  Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity  Anxiety Disorders  Adolescents  Brief  Capa  Papa  child development  developmental psychopathology  longitudinal  mental health  p factor  psychiatric disorder  self-regulation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Malfunctioning of executive functions correlates with psychopathology in children. However, the directionality, the extent to which the relation varies for various disorders, and whether prospective relations afford causal interpretations are not known. METHODS: A community sample of Norwegian children (n=874) was studied biennially from the age of 6 to 14 years. Executive functions were assessed using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function Teacher-report and symptoms of psychopathology were assessed using the Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment (age 6; parents) and Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment (ages 8-14; children and parents). Prospective reciprocal relations were examined using a random intercept cross-lagged panel model that adjusts for all unobserved time-invariant confounders. RESULTS: Even when time-invariant confounders were accounted for, reduced executive functions predicted increased symptoms of depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and conduct disorder (CD) 2 years later, even when previous changes in these symptoms were adjusted for. The level of prediction (B=.83, 95% CI [.37, 1.3]) was not different for different disorders or ages. Conversely, reduced executive functions were predicted by increased symptoms of all disorders (B=.01, 95% CI [.01, .02]). CONCLUSIONS: Reduced executive functioning may be involved in the etiology of depression, anxiety, ADHD, and ODD/CD to an equal extent. Moreover, increased depression, anxiety, ADHD, and ODD/CD may negatively impact executive functioning. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13622 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4903 [article] Longitudinal relations between impaired executive function and symptoms of psychiatric disorders in childhood [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Marte HALSE, Auteur ; Silje STEINSBEKK, Auteur ; ASA HAMMAR, Auteur ; Lars WICHSTRØM, Auteur . - p.1574-1582. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 63-12 (December 2022) . - p.1574-1582 Mots-clés : Child  Adolescent  Child, Preschool  Humans  Executive Function  Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders/epidemiology  Conduct Disorder  Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity  Anxiety Disorders  Adolescents  Brief  Capa  Papa  child development  developmental psychopathology  longitudinal  mental health  p factor  psychiatric disorder  self-regulation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Malfunctioning of executive functions correlates with psychopathology in children. However, the directionality, the extent to which the relation varies for various disorders, and whether prospective relations afford causal interpretations are not known. METHODS: A community sample of Norwegian children (n=874) was studied biennially from the age of 6 to 14 years. Executive functions were assessed using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function Teacher-report and symptoms of psychopathology were assessed using the Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment (age 6; parents) and Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment (ages 8-14; children and parents). Prospective reciprocal relations were examined using a random intercept cross-lagged panel model that adjusts for all unobserved time-invariant confounders. RESULTS: Even when time-invariant confounders were accounted for, reduced executive functions predicted increased symptoms of depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and conduct disorder (CD) 2 years later, even when previous changes in these symptoms were adjusted for. The level of prediction (B=.83, 95% CI [.37, 1.3]) was not different for different disorders or ages. Conversely, reduced executive functions were predicted by increased symptoms of all disorders (B=.01, 95% CI [.01, .02]). CONCLUSIONS: Reduced executive functioning may be involved in the etiology of depression, anxiety, ADHD, and ODD/CD to an equal extent. Moreover, increased depression, anxiety, ADHD, and ODD/CD may negatively impact executive functioning. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13622 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4903

Prevalence and course of anxiety disorders and symptoms from preschool to adolescence: a 6-wave community study / Silje STEINSBEKK in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 63-5 (May 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 63-5 (May 2022) . - p.527-534 Titre : Prevalence and course of anxiety disorders and symptoms from preschool to adolescence: a 6-wave community study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Silje STEINSBEKK, Auteur ; Bror RANUM, Auteur ; Lars WICHSTRØM, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.527-534 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent  Anxiety/epidemiology  Anxiety Disorders/epidemiology  Child  Child, Preschool  Humans  Phobic Disorders/epidemiology  Prevalence  Anxiety  continuity  development  longitudinal studies  stability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: The rate of various anxiety disorders in early childhood and whether they continue into middle childhood or adolescence is not known. We therefore report on the prevalence and stability of DSM-5-defined anxiety disorders and their symptoms, capturing the period from preschool to adolescence. METHODS: By means of interviewer-based clinical interviews, anxiety was measured in a sample of Norwegian children at six measurement points from age 4 to 14 (n=1,041). To adjust for time-invariant factors, we applied random intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPMs) capturing within-person changes. RESULTS: Nearly 10% (95% CI=7.29, 12.63) had an anxiety disorder at some timepoint. Specific phobia was the most prevalent disorder in early and middle childhood, whereas generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) increased in prevalence and became the most common anxiety disorder at age 14 (4.51%, 95% CI=2.78, 6.23). When time-invariant confounding was adjusted for, homotypic continuity in anxiety symptoms typically first emerged in late middle childhood or adolescence. Even so, such within-person analyses revealed a heterotypic path from increased number of early childhood symptoms of specific phobia to increased number of GAD symptoms in middle childhood (B=.41, 95% CI=.06, .75). Increased separation anxiety in middle childhood predicted increased symptoms of GAD in adolescence (B=.38, 95% CI=.14, .62), and vice versa (B=.05, 95% CI=.00, .09). Only minor gender differences were revealed. CONCLUSIONS: Anxiety disorders are prevalent in childhood. In early childhood, anxiety symptoms generally do not predict later anxiety symptoms. In middle childhood, however, such symptoms are less likely to vanish, indicating this developmental period to be particularly important for preventive and treatment efforts. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13487 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4765 [article] Prevalence and course of anxiety disorders and symptoms from preschool to adolescence: a 6-wave community study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Silje STEINSBEKK, Auteur ; Bror RANUM, Auteur ; Lars WICHSTRØM, Auteur . - p.527-534. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 63-5 (May 2022) . - p.527-534 Mots-clés : Adolescent  Anxiety/epidemiology  Anxiety Disorders/epidemiology  Child  Child, Preschool  Humans  Phobic Disorders/epidemiology  Prevalence  Anxiety  continuity  development  longitudinal studies  stability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: The rate of various anxiety disorders in early childhood and whether they continue into middle childhood or adolescence is not known. We therefore report on the prevalence and stability of DSM-5-defined anxiety disorders and their symptoms, capturing the period from preschool to adolescence. METHODS: By means of interviewer-based clinical interviews, anxiety was measured in a sample of Norwegian children at six measurement points from age 4 to 14 (n=1,041). To adjust for time-invariant factors, we applied random intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPMs) capturing within-person changes. RESULTS: Nearly 10% (95% CI=7.29, 12.63) had an anxiety disorder at some timepoint. Specific phobia was the most prevalent disorder in early and middle childhood, whereas generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) increased in prevalence and became the most common anxiety disorder at age 14 (4.51%, 95% CI=2.78, 6.23). When time-invariant confounding was adjusted for, homotypic continuity in anxiety symptoms typically first emerged in late middle childhood or adolescence. Even so, such within-person analyses revealed a heterotypic path from increased number of early childhood symptoms of specific phobia to increased number of GAD symptoms in middle childhood (B=.41, 95% CI=.06, .75). Increased separation anxiety in middle childhood predicted increased symptoms of GAD in adolescence (B=.38, 95% CI=.14, .62), and vice versa (B=.05, 95% CI=.00, .09). Only minor gender differences were revealed. CONCLUSIONS: Anxiety disorders are prevalent in childhood. In early childhood, anxiety symptoms generally do not predict later anxiety symptoms. In middle childhood, however, such symptoms are less likely to vanish, indicating this developmental period to be particularly important for preventive and treatment efforts. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13487 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4765

Social skills and symptoms of anxiety disorders from preschool to adolescence: a prospective cohort study / Mojtaba HABIBI ASGARABAD in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 64-7 (July 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 64-7 (July 2023) . - p.1045-1055 Titre : Social skills and symptoms of anxiety disorders from preschool to adolescence: a prospective cohort study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Mojtaba HABIBI ASGARABAD, Auteur ; Silje STEINSBEKK, Auteur ; Lars WICHSTRØM, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1045-1055 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescence  anxiety disorders  random intercept cross-lagged panel model  longitudinal  social skills Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Prior research, mostly cross-sectional or prospective studies with short follow-up periods, has indicated that childhood anxiety is associated with difficulties with social interaction. However, the etiological role of social skills in the development of anxiety in childhood remains unknown. Moreover, it is not known whether childhood anxiety impedes the development of age-appropriate social skills. Methods The relation between anxiety and social skills was, therefore, examined in two birth cohorts of children who were assessed biennially from the ages of 4 to 14years (n =1,043). Semistructured psychiatric diagnostic interviews of children (from age 8) and parents were used to measure symptoms of separation, generalized, and social anxiety disorders as well as specific phobias. Social skills were measured through the parent-reported Social Skills Rating System. A random intercept cross-lagged panel model was used to analyze the data, adjusting for observed time-variant covariates (emotion regulation, secure attachment, bullying victimization, and global self-esteem) and all unobserved time-invariant confounding effects. Results Reduced social skills predicted increased symptoms of anxiety at ages 8, 10, and 12 ( =.26,  =.17, and  =.15, respectively), whereas an increased number of anxiety symptoms did not forecast changes in social skills. Conclusions The findings suggest that reduced social skills may be involved in the development of anxiety symptoms in middle childhood and should, therefore, be considered in efforts to prevent and treat childhood anxiety. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13787 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=5086 [article] Social skills and symptoms of anxiety disorders from preschool to adolescence: a prospective cohort study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Mojtaba HABIBI ASGARABAD, Auteur ; Silje STEINSBEKK, Auteur ; Lars WICHSTRØM, Auteur . - p.1045-1055. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 64-7 (July 2023) . - p.1045-1055 Mots-clés : Adolescence  anxiety disorders  random intercept cross-lagged panel model  longitudinal  social skills Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Prior research, mostly cross-sectional or prospective studies with short follow-up periods, has indicated that childhood anxiety is associated with difficulties with social interaction. However, the etiological role of social skills in the development of anxiety in childhood remains unknown. Moreover, it is not known whether childhood anxiety impedes the development of age-appropriate social skills. Methods The relation between anxiety and social skills was, therefore, examined in two birth cohorts of children who were assessed biennially from the ages of 4 to 14years (n =1,043). Semistructured psychiatric diagnostic interviews of children (from age 8) and parents were used to measure symptoms of separation, generalized, and social anxiety disorders as well as specific phobias. Social skills were measured through the parent-reported Social Skills Rating System. A random intercept cross-lagged panel model was used to analyze the data, adjusting for observed time-variant covariates (emotion regulation, secure attachment, bullying victimization, and global self-esteem) and all unobserved time-invariant confounding effects. Results Reduced social skills predicted increased symptoms of anxiety at ages 8, 10, and 12 ( =.26,  =.17, and  =.15, respectively), whereas an increased number of anxiety symptoms did not forecast changes in social skills. Conclusions The findings suggest that reduced social skills may be involved in the development of anxiety symptoms in middle childhood and should, therefore, be considered in efforts to prevent and treat childhood anxiety. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13787 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=5086

The co-occurrence between symptoms of internet gaming disorder and psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence: prospective relations or common causes? / Beate WOLD HYGEN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 61-8 (August 2020)  

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