Camouflaging in Autism: Examining Sex-Based and Compensatory Models in Social Cognition and Communication / Blythe A. CORBETT in Autism Research, 14-1 (January 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-1 (January 2021) . - p.127-142 Titre : Camouflaging in Autism: Examining Sex-Based and Compensatory Models in Social Cognition and Communication Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Blythe A. CORBETT, Auteur ; Jessica M. SCHWARTZMAN, Auteur ; Erin J. LIBSACK, Auteur ; Rachael A. MUSCATELLO, Auteur ; Matthew D LERNER, Auteur ; Grace L. SIMMONS, Auteur ; Susan W. WHITE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.127-142 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : anxiety  autism  camouflage  compensation  female  sex Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Camouflaging refers to behavioral adaptations that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), especially females, use to mask symptoms during social situations. Compensation is a component of camouflaging in which an individual's observed behavior is considerably better than actual ability. The study explored diagnostic, sex-based, and compensatory differences using the Contextual Assessment of Social Skills (CASS). The sample included 161 youth 10:0-to-16:11?years (115 males, 46 females). T-tests were performed based on sex (female, male) or High (good ADOS?+?poor Theory of Mind (TOM)) compared to Low (poor ADOS?+?poor TOM) Compensation groups. Comparisons were examined for Social Affect (SA), Restricted Repetitive Behavior, (RRB), IQ, social behavior (Positive Affect, Overall Involvement) and communication (Vocal Expression, Gestures). Females exhibited fewer RRB t(158) = 3.05, P = 0.003, d = 0.54. For the CASS, females evidenced more Vocal Expressiveness t(157) = -2.03, P = 0.05, d = 0.35, which corroborates sex-based differences in the literature. Compensation group differences indicated the High compared to Low group showed stronger Social and Communication behaviors on the CASS for Vocal Expression t(72) = 2.56, P = 0.01, d = 0.62, and overall rapport t(72) = 2.36, P = 0.02, d = 0.56. Several differences were observed when the groups were stratified based on level of compensation, with the High compensation participants showing stronger social engagement and communication behaviors. Findings may inform efforts to understand camouflaging, compensation, and clinical practices for male and female adolescents with ASD. A more nuanced consideration of camouflaging alongside compensation models reveals subtle differences in cognition, behavior, and affect that may reflect underlying profiles of challenge and strength in youth with ASD. LAY SUMMARY: Camouflaging refers to ways individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), especially females, mask symptoms. Compensation occurs when a person's observed behavior appears more typical than what would be expected based on underlying ability and symptoms. The study explored camouflaging and compensation differences in 161 youth with ASD. Findings suggest sex-based differences with females showing better vocal expression. However, several compensation differences were observed with the High compensators showing stronger social communication and rapport. A more nuanced consideration of camouflaging using compensation models reveal subtle differences in underlying challenge and strength. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2440 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441 [article] Camouflaging in Autism: Examining Sex-Based and Compensatory Models in Social Cognition and Communication [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Blythe A. CORBETT, Auteur ; Jessica M. SCHWARTZMAN, Auteur ; Erin J. LIBSACK, Auteur ; Rachael A. MUSCATELLO, Auteur ; Matthew D LERNER, Auteur ; Grace L. SIMMONS, Auteur ; Susan W. WHITE, Auteur . - p.127-142. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-1 (January 2021) . - p.127-142 Mots-clés : anxiety  autism  camouflage  compensation  female  sex Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Camouflaging refers to behavioral adaptations that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), especially females, use to mask symptoms during social situations. Compensation is a component of camouflaging in which an individual's observed behavior is considerably better than actual ability. The study explored diagnostic, sex-based, and compensatory differences using the Contextual Assessment of Social Skills (CASS). The sample included 161 youth 10:0-to-16:11?years (115 males, 46 females). T-tests were performed based on sex (female, male) or High (good ADOS?+?poor Theory of Mind (TOM)) compared to Low (poor ADOS?+?poor TOM) Compensation groups. Comparisons were examined for Social Affect (SA), Restricted Repetitive Behavior, (RRB), IQ, social behavior (Positive Affect, Overall Involvement) and communication (Vocal Expression, Gestures). Females exhibited fewer RRB t(158) = 3.05, P = 0.003, d = 0.54. For the CASS, females evidenced more Vocal Expressiveness t(157) = -2.03, P = 0.05, d = 0.35, which corroborates sex-based differences in the literature. Compensation group differences indicated the High compared to Low group showed stronger Social and Communication behaviors on the CASS for Vocal Expression t(72) = 2.56, P = 0.01, d = 0.62, and overall rapport t(72) = 2.36, P = 0.02, d = 0.56. Several differences were observed when the groups were stratified based on level of compensation, with the High compensation participants showing stronger social engagement and communication behaviors. Findings may inform efforts to understand camouflaging, compensation, and clinical practices for male and female adolescents with ASD. A more nuanced consideration of camouflaging alongside compensation models reveals subtle differences in cognition, behavior, and affect that may reflect underlying profiles of challenge and strength in youth with ASD. LAY SUMMARY: Camouflaging refers to ways individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), especially females, mask symptoms. Compensation occurs when a person's observed behavior appears more typical than what would be expected based on underlying ability and symptoms. The study explored camouflaging and compensation differences in 161 youth with ASD. Findings suggest sex-based differences with females showing better vocal expression. However, several compensation differences were observed with the High compensators showing stronger social communication and rapport. A more nuanced consideration of camouflaging using compensation models reveal subtle differences in underlying challenge and strength. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2440 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441

Diagnostic- and sex-based differences in depression symptoms in autistic and neurotypical early adolescents / Jessica M. SCHWARTZMAN in Autism, 26-1 (January 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 26-1 (January 2022) . - p.256-269 Titre : Diagnostic- and sex-based differences in depression symptoms in autistic and neurotypical early adolescents Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jessica M. SCHWARTZMAN, Auteur ; Z. J. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; B. A. CORBETT, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.256-269 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  depression  early adolescent  measurement  peers  sex  financial compensation from the non-profit 501©(3) entity. Zachary Williams serves  on the Family Advisory Committee of the Autism Speaks Autism Treatment Network  Vanderbilt site. He also consults for Roche. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Depression is more common in autistic adolescents than their neurotypical peers, but the effects of diagnosis and sex on the severity and types of depressive symptoms remain unclear. The study explored diagnostic- and sex-based differences in depressive symptoms in 212 autistic and neurotypical early adolescents. Results show that autism spectrum disorder and female may pose elevated risks, and depressive symptoms related to interpersonal problems and negative self-esteem are more frequent in autism spectrum disorder. Autistic males and females endorsed similar severity and type of depressive symptoms, but unique differences emerged when compared to sex-matched neurotypical peers. Exploratory analyses in a clinical subsample of early adolescents with elevated depressive symptoms (Children's Depression Inventory, Second Edition, Total T-score ?60) revealed more endorsement of beliefs of worthlessness in autistic early adolescents. Findings suggest initial intervention targets for treating depression in autistic early adolescents. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613211025895 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=451 [article] Diagnostic- and sex-based differences in depression symptoms in autistic and neurotypical early adolescents [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jessica M. SCHWARTZMAN, Auteur ; Z. J. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; B. A. CORBETT, Auteur . - p.256-269. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 26-1 (January 2022) . - p.256-269 Mots-clés : autism  depression  early adolescent  measurement  peers  sex  financial compensation from the non-profit 501©(3) entity. Zachary Williams serves  on the Family Advisory Committee of the Autism Speaks Autism Treatment Network  Vanderbilt site. He also consults for Roche. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Depression is more common in autistic adolescents than their neurotypical peers, but the effects of diagnosis and sex on the severity and types of depressive symptoms remain unclear. The study explored diagnostic- and sex-based differences in depressive symptoms in 212 autistic and neurotypical early adolescents. Results show that autism spectrum disorder and female may pose elevated risks, and depressive symptoms related to interpersonal problems and negative self-esteem are more frequent in autism spectrum disorder. Autistic males and females endorsed similar severity and type of depressive symptoms, but unique differences emerged when compared to sex-matched neurotypical peers. Exploratory analyses in a clinical subsample of early adolescents with elevated depressive symptoms (Children's Depression Inventory, Second Edition, Total T-score ?60) revealed more endorsement of beliefs of worthlessness in autistic early adolescents. Findings suggest initial intervention targets for treating depression in autistic early adolescents. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613211025895 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=451

Enhancing Social Initiations Using Naturalistic Behavioral Intervention: Outcomes from a Randomized Controlled Trial for Children with Autism / G. W. GENGOUX in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51-10 (October 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-10 (October 2021) . - p.3547-3563 Titre : Enhancing Social Initiations Using Naturalistic Behavioral Intervention: Outcomes from a Randomized Controlled Trial for Children with Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : G. W. GENGOUX, Auteur ; Jessica M. SCHWARTZMAN, Auteur ; M. E. MILLAN, Auteur ; R. K. SCHUCK, Auteur ; A. A. RUIZ, Auteur ; Y. WENG, Auteur ; J. LONG, Auteur ; A. Y. HARDAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3547-3563 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/therapy  Autistic Disorder/therapy  Behavior Therapy  Child  Humans  Peer Group  Social Skills  Autism  Initiation to peers  Naturalistic behavioral intervention  Social skills group Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Deficits in social skills are common in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and there is an urgent need for effective social skills interventions, especially for improving interactions with typically developing peers. This study examined the effects of a naturalistic behavioral social skills intervention in improving social initiations to peers through a randomized controlled trial. Analyses of multimethod, multi-informant measures indicated that children in the active group (SIMI) demonstrated greater improvement in the types of initiations which were systematically prompted and reinforced during treatment (i.e., behavior regulation). Generalization to joint attention and social interaction initiation types, as well as collateral gains in broader social functioning on clinician- and parent-rated standardized measures were also observed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04787-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=453 [article] Enhancing Social Initiations Using Naturalistic Behavioral Intervention: Outcomes from a Randomized Controlled Trial for Children with Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / G. W. GENGOUX, Auteur ; Jessica M. SCHWARTZMAN, Auteur ; M. E. MILLAN, Auteur ; R. K. SCHUCK, Auteur ; A. A. RUIZ, Auteur ; Y. WENG, Auteur ; J. LONG, Auteur ; A. Y. HARDAN, Auteur . - p.3547-3563. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-10 (October 2021) . - p.3547-3563 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/therapy  Autistic Disorder/therapy  Behavior Therapy  Child  Humans  Peer Group  Social Skills  Autism  Initiation to peers  Naturalistic behavioral intervention  Social skills group Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Deficits in social skills are common in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and there is an urgent need for effective social skills interventions, especially for improving interactions with typically developing peers. This study examined the effects of a naturalistic behavioral social skills intervention in improving social initiations to peers through a randomized controlled trial. Analyses of multimethod, multi-informant measures indicated that children in the active group (SIMI) demonstrated greater improvement in the types of initiations which were systematically prompted and reinforced during treatment (i.e., behavior regulation). Generalization to joint attention and social interaction initiation types, as well as collateral gains in broader social functioning on clinician- and parent-rated standardized measures were also observed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04787-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=453

Higher depressive symptoms in early adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder by self- and parent-report compared to typically-developing peers / Jessica M. SCHWARTZMAN in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 77 (September 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 77 (September 2020) . - 101613 Titre : Higher depressive symptoms in early adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder by self- and parent-report compared to typically-developing peers Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jessica M. SCHWARTZMAN, Auteur ; Blythe A. CORBETT, Auteur Article en page(s) : 101613 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Depression  Early adolescence  Typically-developing peers  Parent ratings Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Depression is more prevalent among male early adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) than their typically- developing (TD) peers, but findings are limited to two male-only studies. Therefore, a broader understanding of depressive symptoms among both male and female early adolescents with ASD in larger samples is needed. Self- and parent-ratings are frequently used, yet rater differences may emerge and provide unique insights. Method Ratings of adolescent depressive symptoms were examined among 230 early adolescents (10:0?13:5 years) with and without ASD using self- (Children’s Depression Inventory, Second Edition; CDI-2) and parent- report (Child Behavior Checklist; CBCL) measures. The influence of diagnostic group (ASD vs. TD) and rater (early adolescent vs. parent) on ratings were examined with Full Scale IQ and sex as covariates. Additionally, the reliability and strength of agreement between raters were examined. Results Higher depressive symptoms were reported by both raters in the ASD group (Borderline range) compared to the TD group (Average range). The interaction of diagnostic group and rater was nonsignificant, but significant main effects emerged. Sex was a significant covariate, but Full Scale IQ was not. The reliability and strength of agreement between raters in the ASD group only were not significant. Conclusions Findings suggest that depressive symptoms may be higher in both male and female early adolescents with ASD across self- and parent- reports. However, measurement of depression in ASD may be complicated by nonsignificant reliability and strength of agreement between raters. Results have implications for screening and intervention for early adolescents with ASD. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101613 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=432 [article] Higher depressive symptoms in early adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder by self- and parent-report compared to typically-developing peers [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jessica M. SCHWARTZMAN, Auteur ; Blythe A. CORBETT, Auteur . - 101613. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 77 (September 2020) . - 101613 Mots-clés : Autism  Depression  Early adolescence  Typically-developing peers  Parent ratings Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Depression is more prevalent among male early adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) than their typically- developing (TD) peers, but findings are limited to two male-only studies. Therefore, a broader understanding of depressive symptoms among both male and female early adolescents with ASD in larger samples is needed. Self- and parent-ratings are frequently used, yet rater differences may emerge and provide unique insights. Method Ratings of adolescent depressive symptoms were examined among 230 early adolescents (10:0?13:5 years) with and without ASD using self- (Children’s Depression Inventory, Second Edition; CDI-2) and parent- report (Child Behavior Checklist; CBCL) measures. The influence of diagnostic group (ASD vs. TD) and rater (early adolescent vs. parent) on ratings were examined with Full Scale IQ and sex as covariates. Additionally, the reliability and strength of agreement between raters were examined. Results Higher depressive symptoms were reported by both raters in the ASD group (Borderline range) compared to the TD group (Average range). The interaction of diagnostic group and rater was nonsignificant, but significant main effects emerged. Sex was a significant covariate, but Full Scale IQ was not. The reliability and strength of agreement between raters in the ASD group only were not significant. Conclusions Findings suggest that depressive symptoms may be higher in both male and female early adolescents with ASD across self- and parent- reports. However, measurement of depression in ASD may be complicated by nonsignificant reliability and strength of agreement between raters. Results have implications for screening and intervention for early adolescents with ASD. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101613 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=432

Parenting stress in autism spectrum disorder may account for discrepancies in parent and clinician ratings of child functioning / Jessica M. SCHWARTZMAN in Autism, 25-6 (August 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 25-6 (August 2021) . - p.1601-1614 Titre : Parenting stress in autism spectrum disorder may account for discrepancies in parent and clinician ratings of child functioning Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jessica M. SCHWARTZMAN, Auteur ; A. Y. HARDAN, Auteur ; G. W. GENGOUX, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1601-1614 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder  Child  Child Behavior  Child, Preschool  Humans  Parenting  Parents  Problem Behavior  autism  clinician ratings  measurement  parent ratings  parenting stress Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Elevated parenting stress among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder is well-documented; however, there is limited information about differences in parenting stress and potential relationships with parent ratings of child functioning. The aim of this study was to explore profiles of parenting stress among 100 parents of young children with autism spectrum disorder enrolled in two clinical trials and to explore relationships between parenting stress level and parent ratings of child functioning before treatment. Secondary aims examined differential patterns of association between parenting stress profiles and parent versus clinician ratings of child functioning. We show that stress may influence parent ratings of certain child behaviors (e.g. problem behaviors) and not others (e.g. language), yet clinician ratings of these same children do not differ. This new understanding of parenting stress has implications for parent-rated measures, tracking treatment outcome, and the design of clinical trials. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361321998560 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=451 [article] Parenting stress in autism spectrum disorder may account for discrepancies in parent and clinician ratings of child functioning [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jessica M. SCHWARTZMAN, Auteur ; A. Y. HARDAN, Auteur ; G. W. GENGOUX, Auteur . - p.1601-1614. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 25-6 (August 2021) . - p.1601-1614 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder  Child  Child Behavior  Child, Preschool  Humans  Parenting  Parents  Problem Behavior  autism  clinician ratings  measurement  parent ratings  parenting stress Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Elevated parenting stress among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder is well-documented; however, there is limited information about differences in parenting stress and potential relationships with parent ratings of child functioning. The aim of this study was to explore profiles of parenting stress among 100 parents of young children with autism spectrum disorder enrolled in two clinical trials and to explore relationships between parenting stress level and parent ratings of child functioning before treatment. Secondary aims examined differential patterns of association between parenting stress profiles and parent versus clinician ratings of child functioning. We show that stress may influence parent ratings of certain child behaviors (e.g. problem behaviors) and not others (e.g. language), yet clinician ratings of these same children do not differ. This new understanding of parenting stress has implications for parent-rated measures, tracking treatment outcome, and the design of clinical trials. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361321998560 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=451

Parenting stress in autism spectrum disorder may account for discrepancies in parent and clinician ratings of child functioning / Jessica M. SCHWARTZMAN in Autism, 26-6 (August 2022)  

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Predictors of self-reported resilience in parents of autistic children / Jessica M. SCHWARTZMAN in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 94 (June 2022)  

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Resilience Intervention for Parents of Children with Autism: Findings from a Randomized Controlled Trial of the AMOR Method / Jessica M. SCHWARTZMAN in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52-2 (February 2022)  

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The impact of COVID-19 on stress, anxiety, and coping in youth with and without autism and their parents / B. A. CORBETT in Autism Research, 14-7 (July 2021)  

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Understanding the heterogeneity of anxiety in autistic youth: A person-centered approach / Emily SPACKMAN in Autism Research, 15-9 (September 2022)  

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