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Phenotypic differences between female and male individuals with suspicion of autism spectrum disorder / Sanna STROTH in Molecular Autism, 13 (2022)
[article]
Titre : Phenotypic differences between female and male individuals with suspicion of autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sanna STROTH, Auteur ; Johannes TAUSCHER, Auteur ; Nicole WOLFF, Auteur ; Charlotte KÜPPER, Auteur ; Luise POUSTKA, Auteur ; Stefan ROEPKE, Auteur ; Veit ROESSNER, Auteur ; Dominik HEIDER, Auteur ; Inge KAMP-BECKER, Auteur Article en page(s) : 11 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Affect Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis Autistic Disorder Female Humans Intellectual Disability/diagnosis Male Adi-r Ados Asd Diagnostics Female autism Phenotype Sex Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Although autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common developmental disorder, our knowledge about a behavioral and neurobiological female phenotype is still scarce. As the conceptualization and understanding of ASD are mainly based on the investigation of male individuals, females with ASD may not be adequately identified by routine clinical diagnostics. The present machine learning approach aimed to identify diagnostic information from the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) that discriminates best between ASD and non-ASD in females and males. METHODS: Random forests (RF) were used to discover patterns of symptoms in diagnostic data from the ADOS (modules 3 and 4) in 1057 participants with ASD (18.1% female) and 1230 participants with non-ASD (17.9% % female). Predictive performances of reduced feature models were explored and compared between females and males without intellectual disabilities. RESULTS: Reduced feature models relied on considerably fewer features from the ADOS in females compared to males, while still yielding similar classification performance (e.g., sensitivity, specificity). LIMITATIONS: As in previous studies, the current sample of females with ASD is smaller than the male sample and thus, females may still be underrepresented, limiting the statistical power to detect small to moderate effects. CONCLUSION: Our results do not suggest the need for new or altered diagnostic algorithms for females with ASD. Although we identified some phenotypic differences between females and males, the existing diagnostic tools seem to sufficiently capture the core autistic features in both groups. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-022-00491-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=477
in Molecular Autism > 13 (2022) . - 11 p.[article] Phenotypic differences between female and male individuals with suspicion of autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sanna STROTH, Auteur ; Johannes TAUSCHER, Auteur ; Nicole WOLFF, Auteur ; Charlotte KÜPPER, Auteur ; Luise POUSTKA, Auteur ; Stefan ROEPKE, Auteur ; Veit ROESSNER, Auteur ; Dominik HEIDER, Auteur ; Inge KAMP-BECKER, Auteur . - 11 p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > 13 (2022) . - 11 p.
Mots-clés : Affect Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis Autistic Disorder Female Humans Intellectual Disability/diagnosis Male Adi-r Ados Asd Diagnostics Female autism Phenotype Sex Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Although autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common developmental disorder, our knowledge about a behavioral and neurobiological female phenotype is still scarce. As the conceptualization and understanding of ASD are mainly based on the investigation of male individuals, females with ASD may not be adequately identified by routine clinical diagnostics. The present machine learning approach aimed to identify diagnostic information from the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) that discriminates best between ASD and non-ASD in females and males. METHODS: Random forests (RF) were used to discover patterns of symptoms in diagnostic data from the ADOS (modules 3 and 4) in 1057 participants with ASD (18.1% female) and 1230 participants with non-ASD (17.9% % female). Predictive performances of reduced feature models were explored and compared between females and males without intellectual disabilities. RESULTS: Reduced feature models relied on considerably fewer features from the ADOS in females compared to males, while still yielding similar classification performance (e.g., sensitivity, specificity). LIMITATIONS: As in previous studies, the current sample of females with ASD is smaller than the male sample and thus, females may still be underrepresented, limiting the statistical power to detect small to moderate effects. CONCLUSION: Our results do not suggest the need for new or altered diagnostic algorithms for females with ASD. Although we identified some phenotypic differences between females and males, the existing diagnostic tools seem to sufficiently capture the core autistic features in both groups. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-022-00491-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=477 A Qualitative Exploration of the Female Experience of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) / V. MILNER in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49-6 (June 2019)
[article]
Titre : A Qualitative Exploration of the Female Experience of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : V. MILNER, Auteur ; H. MCINTOSH, Auteur ; E. COLVERT, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2389-2402 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Experience Female autism Gender Sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder is thought to be a predominantly male diagnosis, however recent research suggests a smaller gender disparity in prevalence than previously assumed. Accounts of the female experience of autism are important to help reduce likely male-bias in current understanding and recognition of autism. Eighteen autistic females and four mothers of autistic females took part in discussions with a topic guide around diagnosis, impact and coping. A thematic analysis was conducted. Five themes were identified: fitting in the with the norm, potential obstacles for autistic women and girls, negative aspects of autism, the perspective of others, and positive aspects of having autism. We hope that greater understanding of the experiences of autistic females may lead to improved awareness, diagnosis and support for women and girls. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-03906-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=400
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 49-6 (June 2019) . - p.2389-2402[article] A Qualitative Exploration of the Female Experience of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / V. MILNER, Auteur ; H. MCINTOSH, Auteur ; E. COLVERT, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur . - p.2389-2402.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 49-6 (June 2019) . - p.2389-2402
Mots-clés : Autism Experience Female autism Gender Sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder is thought to be a predominantly male diagnosis, however recent research suggests a smaller gender disparity in prevalence than previously assumed. Accounts of the female experience of autism are important to help reduce likely male-bias in current understanding and recognition of autism. Eighteen autistic females and four mothers of autistic females took part in discussions with a topic guide around diagnosis, impact and coping. A thematic analysis was conducted. Five themes were identified: fitting in the with the norm, potential obstacles for autistic women and girls, negative aspects of autism, the perspective of others, and positive aspects of having autism. We hope that greater understanding of the experiences of autistic females may lead to improved awareness, diagnosis and support for women and girls. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-03906-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=400 Autism Heterogeneity in a Densely Sampled U.S. Population: Results From the First 1,000 Participants in the RI-CART Study / Carolyn E. B. MCCORMICK in Autism Research, 13-3 (March 2020)
[article]
Titre : Autism Heterogeneity in a Densely Sampled U.S. Population: Results From the First 1,000 Participants in the RI-CART Study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Carolyn E. B. MCCORMICK, Auteur ; Brian C. KAVANAUGH, Auteur ; Danielle SIPSOCK, Auteur ; Giulia RIGHI, Auteur ; Lindsay M. OBERMAN, Auteur ; Daniel MORENO DE LUCA, Auteur ; Ece D. GAMSIZ UZUN, Auteur ; Carrie R. BEST, Auteur ; Beth A. JERSKEY, Auteur ; Joanne G. QUINN, Auteur ; Susan B. JEWEL, Auteur ; Pei-Chi WU, Auteur ; Rebecca L. MCLEAN, Auteur ; Todd P. LEVINE, Auteur ; Hasmik TOKADJIAN, Auteur ; Kayla A. PERKINS, Auteur ; Elaine B. CLARKE, Auteur ; Brittany DUNN, Auteur ; Alan H. GERBER, Auteur ; Elena J. TENENBAUM, Auteur ; Thomas F. ANDERS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.474-488 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder comorbidity female autism population study registry Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The objective of this study was to establish a large, densely sampled, U.S. population-based cohort of people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The Rhode Island Consortium for Autism Research and Treatment (RI-CART) represents a unique public-private-academic collaboration involving all major points of service for families in Rhode Island affected by ASD. Diagnosis was based on direct behavioral observation via the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition. For the first 1,000 participants, ages ranged from 21 months to 64 years. Using Geographic Information System and published prevalence rates, the overall cohort is estimated to represent between 20% and 49% of pediatric age persons in Rhode Island with ASD, with demographics representative of U.S. Census. We observed a high rate of co-occurring medical and psychiatric conditions in affected individuals. Among the most prominent findings of immediate clinical importance, we found that females received a first diagnosis of ASD at a later age than males, potentially due to more advanced language abilities in females with ASD. In summary, this is the first analysis of a large, population-based U.S. cohort with ASD. Given the depth of sampling, the RI-CART study reflects an important new resource for studying ASD in a representative U.S. population. Psychiatric and medical comorbidities in ASD constitute a substantial burden and warrant adequate attention as part of overall treatment. Our study also suggests that new strategies for earlier diagnosis of ASD in females may be warranted. Autism Res 2020, 13: 474-488. (c) 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: The Rhode Island Consortium for Autism Research and Treatment (RI-CART) represents a unique public-private-academic collaboration involving all major points of service for families in Rhode Island affected by autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this article, we provide results from the first 1,000 participants, estimated to represent >20% of affected families in the state. Importantly, we find a later age at first diagnosis of ASD in females, which potentially calls attention to the need for improved early diagnosis in girls. Also, we report a high rate of co-occurring medical and psychiatric conditions in affected individuals. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2261 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=421
in Autism Research > 13-3 (March 2020) . - p.474-488[article] Autism Heterogeneity in a Densely Sampled U.S. Population: Results From the First 1,000 Participants in the RI-CART Study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Carolyn E. B. MCCORMICK, Auteur ; Brian C. KAVANAUGH, Auteur ; Danielle SIPSOCK, Auteur ; Giulia RIGHI, Auteur ; Lindsay M. OBERMAN, Auteur ; Daniel MORENO DE LUCA, Auteur ; Ece D. GAMSIZ UZUN, Auteur ; Carrie R. BEST, Auteur ; Beth A. JERSKEY, Auteur ; Joanne G. QUINN, Auteur ; Susan B. JEWEL, Auteur ; Pei-Chi WU, Auteur ; Rebecca L. MCLEAN, Auteur ; Todd P. LEVINE, Auteur ; Hasmik TOKADJIAN, Auteur ; Kayla A. PERKINS, Auteur ; Elaine B. CLARKE, Auteur ; Brittany DUNN, Auteur ; Alan H. GERBER, Auteur ; Elena J. TENENBAUM, Auteur ; Thomas F. ANDERS, Auteur . - p.474-488.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 13-3 (March 2020) . - p.474-488
Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder comorbidity female autism population study registry Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The objective of this study was to establish a large, densely sampled, U.S. population-based cohort of people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The Rhode Island Consortium for Autism Research and Treatment (RI-CART) represents a unique public-private-academic collaboration involving all major points of service for families in Rhode Island affected by ASD. Diagnosis was based on direct behavioral observation via the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition. For the first 1,000 participants, ages ranged from 21 months to 64 years. Using Geographic Information System and published prevalence rates, the overall cohort is estimated to represent between 20% and 49% of pediatric age persons in Rhode Island with ASD, with demographics representative of U.S. Census. We observed a high rate of co-occurring medical and psychiatric conditions in affected individuals. Among the most prominent findings of immediate clinical importance, we found that females received a first diagnosis of ASD at a later age than males, potentially due to more advanced language abilities in females with ASD. In summary, this is the first analysis of a large, population-based U.S. cohort with ASD. Given the depth of sampling, the RI-CART study reflects an important new resource for studying ASD in a representative U.S. population. Psychiatric and medical comorbidities in ASD constitute a substantial burden and warrant adequate attention as part of overall treatment. Our study also suggests that new strategies for earlier diagnosis of ASD in females may be warranted. Autism Res 2020, 13: 474-488. (c) 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: The Rhode Island Consortium for Autism Research and Treatment (RI-CART) represents a unique public-private-academic collaboration involving all major points of service for families in Rhode Island affected by autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this article, we provide results from the first 1,000 participants, estimated to represent >20% of affected families in the state. Importantly, we find a later age at first diagnosis of ASD in females, which potentially calls attention to the need for improved early diagnosis in girls. Also, we report a high rate of co-occurring medical and psychiatric conditions in affected individuals. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2261 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=421 Sex differences in predictors and outcomes of camouflaging: Comparing diagnosed autistic, high autistic trait and low autistic trait young adults / Victoria MILNER in Autism, 27-2 (February 2023)
[article]
Titre : Sex differences in predictors and outcomes of camouflaging: Comparing diagnosed autistic, high autistic trait and low autistic trait young adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Victoria MILNER, Auteur ; Will MANDY, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur ; Emma COLVERT, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.402-414 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism camouflaging compensation female autism sex differences in autism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Many autistic individuals camouflage socially atypical behaviours. Evidence suggests autistic females camouflage more than autistic males. Although camouflaging may confer some benefits, it is also associated with negative outcomes including poorer mental health and well-being. Those with high autistic traits but no clinical diagnosis are not seldom included in camouflaging research, therefore we cannot ascertain whether camouflaging plays a role in the underdiagnosis of autistic females. Data from young adults with a diagnosis of autism (n=78), high autistic traits but no diagnosis (n=177) or low autistic traits (n=180) revealed autistic females reported camouflaging significantly more than other groups. Males and females with low autistic traits reported significantly lower camouflaging than high trait and diagnosed groups. Loneliness was a key predictor of camouflaging for the diagnosed group only. Camouflaging was found to predict lower psychological quality of life for the diagnosed group, and lower social quality of life for the high trait and low trait groups. Overall, findings indicated that, although all groups reported camouflaging, the motivations for doing so may be different for diagnosed autistic individuals. It is important for stakeholders and society to improve understanding of autism and acceptance of atypical behaviour to alleviate possible negative outcomes associated with camouflaging. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221098240 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=493
in Autism > 27-2 (February 2023) . - p.402-414[article] Sex differences in predictors and outcomes of camouflaging: Comparing diagnosed autistic, high autistic trait and low autistic trait young adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Victoria MILNER, Auteur ; Will MANDY, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur ; Emma COLVERT, Auteur . - p.402-414.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism > 27-2 (February 2023) . - p.402-414
Mots-clés : autism camouflaging compensation female autism sex differences in autism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Many autistic individuals camouflage socially atypical behaviours. Evidence suggests autistic females camouflage more than autistic males. Although camouflaging may confer some benefits, it is also associated with negative outcomes including poorer mental health and well-being. Those with high autistic traits but no clinical diagnosis are not seldom included in camouflaging research, therefore we cannot ascertain whether camouflaging plays a role in the underdiagnosis of autistic females. Data from young adults with a diagnosis of autism (n=78), high autistic traits but no diagnosis (n=177) or low autistic traits (n=180) revealed autistic females reported camouflaging significantly more than other groups. Males and females with low autistic traits reported significantly lower camouflaging than high trait and diagnosed groups. Loneliness was a key predictor of camouflaging for the diagnosed group only. Camouflaging was found to predict lower psychological quality of life for the diagnosed group, and lower social quality of life for the high trait and low trait groups. Overall, findings indicated that, although all groups reported camouflaging, the motivations for doing so may be different for diagnosed autistic individuals. It is important for stakeholders and society to improve understanding of autism and acceptance of atypical behaviour to alleviate possible negative outcomes associated with camouflaging. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221098240 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=493 'You don't look autistic': A qualitative exploration of women's experiences of being the 'autistic other' / K. SEERS in Autism, 25-6 (August 2021)
[article]
Titre : 'You don't look autistic': A qualitative exploration of women's experiences of being the 'autistic other' Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : K. SEERS, Auteur ; R. C. HOGG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1553-1564 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult Aged Autism Spectrum Disorder Autistic Disorder Female Gender Identity Humans Qualitative Research adult autism female autism gender social constructionism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Most autism spectrum condition research addresses the neurological and biological causes of autism spectrum condition, focusing upon deficits associated with autism spectrum condition and behavioural interventions designed to minimise these deficits. Little is known about the lived experiences of adult women on the autism spectrum and how they navigate social expectations around gender, autism spectrum condition and gendered understandings of autism spectrum condition. The lived experiences of eight women on the AS will be shared here, with attention to how gendered expectations influence women's experiences of autism spectrum condition, their sense of self and well-being. Findings showed these women struggled to reconcile the expectations of others, particularly early in life. The women had difficultly conforming to stereotypical ideals of femininity, yet as they aged, they felt less need to conform, valuing their unique style and behaviours. The women also rejected deficit-oriented descriptions of autism spectrum condition generated by the medical community, preferring to focus on their strengths and unique characteristics. It is hoped this article helps psychologists and the wider community to understand and meet the needs of women on the AS. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361321993722 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=451
in Autism > 25-6 (August 2021) . - p.1553-1564[article] 'You don't look autistic': A qualitative exploration of women's experiences of being the 'autistic other' [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / K. SEERS, Auteur ; R. C. HOGG, Auteur . - p.1553-1564.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism > 25-6 (August 2021) . - p.1553-1564
Mots-clés : Adult Aged Autism Spectrum Disorder Autistic Disorder Female Gender Identity Humans Qualitative Research adult autism female autism gender social constructionism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Most autism spectrum condition research addresses the neurological and biological causes of autism spectrum condition, focusing upon deficits associated with autism spectrum condition and behavioural interventions designed to minimise these deficits. Little is known about the lived experiences of adult women on the autism spectrum and how they navigate social expectations around gender, autism spectrum condition and gendered understandings of autism spectrum condition. The lived experiences of eight women on the AS will be shared here, with attention to how gendered expectations influence women's experiences of autism spectrum condition, their sense of self and well-being. Findings showed these women struggled to reconcile the expectations of others, particularly early in life. The women had difficultly conforming to stereotypical ideals of femininity, yet as they aged, they felt less need to conform, valuing their unique style and behaviours. The women also rejected deficit-oriented descriptions of autism spectrum condition generated by the medical community, preferring to focus on their strengths and unique characteristics. It is hoped this article helps psychologists and the wider community to understand and meet the needs of women on the AS. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361321993722 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=451 'You don't look autistic': A qualitative exploration of women's experiences of being the 'autistic other' / Kate SEERS in Autism, 26-6 (August 2022)
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