An investigation of the diet, exercise, sleep, BMI, and health outcomes of autistic adults / E. WEIR in Molecular Autism, 12 (2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 12 (2021) . - 31 p. Titre : An investigation of the diet, exercise, sleep, BMI, and health outcomes of autistic adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : E. WEIR, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; K. K. ONG, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : 31 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult outcomes  Comorbidities  Exercise  Healthcare  Nutrition  Physical health  Sleep Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Studies of autistic children suggest that restricted eating, reduced physical activity, and sleep disorders are common; however, no studies attempt to broadly describe the diet, exercise, and sleep patterns of autistic adults or consider relationships between lifestyle behaviors and the widely reported increased risks of obesity and chronic conditions. To address this, the authors developed the largest study of lifestyle patterns of autistic adults and assessed their relationships to body mass index, health outcomes, and family history. METHODS: We administered an anonymized, online survey to n?=?2386 adults (n?=?1183 autistic) aged 16-90 years of age. We employed Fisher's exact tests and binomial logistic regression to describe diet, exercise, and sleep patterns; mediation of seizure disorders on sleep; body mass index (BMI); relationships of lifestyle factors to BMI, cardiovascular conditions, and diabetic conditions; and sex differences among autistic adults. RESULTS: Autistic adults, and particularly autistic females, exhibit unhealthy diet, exercise, and sleep patterns; they are also more likely to be underweight or obese. Limited sleep duration and high rates of sleep disturbances cannot be accounted for by epilepsy or seizure disorders. Lifestyle factors are positively related to higher risk of cardiovascular conditions among autistic males, even more than family history. LIMITATIONS: Our sample may not be representative of all autistic and non-autistic people, as it primarily comprised individuals who are white, female, have a high school education or higher, and reside in the UK. Our sampling methods may also exclude some individuals on the autism spectrum, and particularly those with moderate to severe intellectual disability. This is a cross-sectional sample that can test for relationships between factors (e.g., lifestyle factors and health outcomes) but cannot assess the direction of these relationships. CONCLUSIONS: Autistic adults are less likely to meet minimal health recommendations for diet, exercise, and sleep-and these unhealthy behaviors may relate to excess risk of cardiovascular conditions. Although the present study can only provide preliminary, correlational evidence, our findings suggest that diet, exercise, and sleep should be considered and further investigated as key targets for reducing the now widely reported and dramatically increased risks of health comorbidity and premature death among autistic individuals compared to others. Physicians should work cooperatively with patients to provide health education and develop individualized strategies for how to better manage challenges with diet, exercise, and sleep. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-021-00441-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=459 [article] An investigation of the diet, exercise, sleep, BMI, and health outcomes of autistic adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / E. WEIR, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; K. K. ONG, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur . - 31 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 12 (2021) . - 31 p. Mots-clés : Adult outcomes  Comorbidities  Exercise  Healthcare  Nutrition  Physical health  Sleep Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Studies of autistic children suggest that restricted eating, reduced physical activity, and sleep disorders are common; however, no studies attempt to broadly describe the diet, exercise, and sleep patterns of autistic adults or consider relationships between lifestyle behaviors and the widely reported increased risks of obesity and chronic conditions. To address this, the authors developed the largest study of lifestyle patterns of autistic adults and assessed their relationships to body mass index, health outcomes, and family history. METHODS: We administered an anonymized, online survey to n?=?2386 adults (n?=?1183 autistic) aged 16-90 years of age. We employed Fisher's exact tests and binomial logistic regression to describe diet, exercise, and sleep patterns; mediation of seizure disorders on sleep; body mass index (BMI); relationships of lifestyle factors to BMI, cardiovascular conditions, and diabetic conditions; and sex differences among autistic adults. RESULTS: Autistic adults, and particularly autistic females, exhibit unhealthy diet, exercise, and sleep patterns; they are also more likely to be underweight or obese. Limited sleep duration and high rates of sleep disturbances cannot be accounted for by epilepsy or seizure disorders. Lifestyle factors are positively related to higher risk of cardiovascular conditions among autistic males, even more than family history. LIMITATIONS: Our sample may not be representative of all autistic and non-autistic people, as it primarily comprised individuals who are white, female, have a high school education or higher, and reside in the UK. Our sampling methods may also exclude some individuals on the autism spectrum, and particularly those with moderate to severe intellectual disability. This is a cross-sectional sample that can test for relationships between factors (e.g., lifestyle factors and health outcomes) but cannot assess the direction of these relationships. CONCLUSIONS: Autistic adults are less likely to meet minimal health recommendations for diet, exercise, and sleep-and these unhealthy behaviors may relate to excess risk of cardiovascular conditions. Although the present study can only provide preliminary, correlational evidence, our findings suggest that diet, exercise, and sleep should be considered and further investigated as key targets for reducing the now widely reported and dramatically increased risks of health comorbidity and premature death among autistic individuals compared to others. Physicians should work cooperatively with patients to provide health education and develop individualized strategies for how to better manage challenges with diet, exercise, and sleep. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-021-00441-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=459

Are Autism Spectrum Conditions More Prevalent in an Information-Technology Region? A School-Based Study of Three Regions in the Netherlands / Martine T. ROELFSEMA in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42-5 (May 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 42-5 (May 2012) . - p.734-739 Titre : Are Autism Spectrum Conditions More Prevalent in an Information-Technology Region? A School-Based Study of Three Regions in the Netherlands Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Martine T. ROELFSEMA, Auteur ; Rosa A. HOEKSTRA, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Sally WHEELWRIGHT, Auteur ; Carol BRAYNE, Auteur ; Fiona E. MATTHEWS, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.734-739 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum conditions  Prevalence  Regional differences  Hyper-systemizing theory Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We tested for differences in the prevalence of autism spectrum conditions (ASC) in school-aged children in three geographical regions in the Netherlands. Schools were asked to provide the number of children enrolled, the number having a clinical diagnosis of ASC and/or two control neurodevelopmental conditions. Prevalence was evaluated by negative binomial regression and adjustments were made for non-response and size of the schools. The prevalence estimates of ASC in Eindhoven was 229 per 10,000, significantly higher than in Haarlem (84 per 10,000) and Utrecht (57 per 10,000), whilst the prevalence for the control conditions were similar in all regions. Phase two is planned to validate school-reported cases using standardized diagnostic methods and to explore the possible causes for these differences. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1302-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=154 [article] Are Autism Spectrum Conditions More Prevalent in an Information-Technology Region? A School-Based Study of Three Regions in the Netherlands [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Martine T. ROELFSEMA, Auteur ; Rosa A. HOEKSTRA, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Sally WHEELWRIGHT, Auteur ; Carol BRAYNE, Auteur ; Fiona E. MATTHEWS, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.734-739. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 42-5 (May 2012) . - p.734-739 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum conditions  Prevalence  Regional differences  Hyper-systemizing theory Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We tested for differences in the prevalence of autism spectrum conditions (ASC) in school-aged children in three geographical regions in the Netherlands. Schools were asked to provide the number of children enrolled, the number having a clinical diagnosis of ASC and/or two control neurodevelopmental conditions. Prevalence was evaluated by negative binomial regression and adjustments were made for non-response and size of the schools. The prevalence estimates of ASC in Eindhoven was 229 per 10,000, significantly higher than in Haarlem (84 per 10,000) and Utrecht (57 per 10,000), whilst the prevalence for the control conditions were similar in all regions. Phase two is planned to validate school-reported cases using standardized diagnostic methods and to explore the possible causes for these differences. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1302-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=154

Are autistic people disadvantaged by the criminal justice system? A case comparison / Rachel SLAVNY-CROSS in Autism, 27-5 (July 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 27-5 (July 2023) . - p.1438-1448 Titre : Are autistic people disadvantaged by the criminal justice system? A case comparison Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rachel SLAVNY-CROSS, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Sarah GRIFFITHS, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1438-1448 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism;criminal justice;meltdown;reasonable adjustments;shutdown Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The UK government identified "improving support within the criminal justice systems" as a priority for autistic people. There is a lack of quantitative research to enable policymakers to make evidence-based decisions on how to improve access to justice for autistic people. This study used a case-comparison design to compare the experiences of 145 autistic and 116 non-autistic adults who had been arrested at some point in their life. Autistic participants were nearly five times more likely to state that they were not given an appropriate adult even though they believed they needed one and felt less able to communicate with the police. Autistic participants felt less able to cope with stress, twice as likely to have experienced meltdowns and five times more likely to have experienced shutdowns because of their criminal justice involvement. We conclude that there are inequalities that autistic people face when navigating the criminal justice system and the degree to which they can participate effectively in the justice process. This has an impact on their mental health. Policy recommendations are discussed based on this evidence. Lay Abstract Most autistic people will never experience being arrested or charged with a crime, however for those who do tend to be less satisfied with the way they were treated. The purpose of this study was to find out if autistic people are being disadvantaged by the criminal justice system if they are arrested. Previous research has shown that autistic people may have difficulties communicating with the police. This study builds on this knowledge by uncovering why autistic people may not feel able to communicate with the police and whether the police made any adjustments to help them. This study also measures the impact of being involved with the criminal justice system on autistic people?s mental health, such as stress, meltdowns and shutdowns. The results show that autistic people were not always given the support they felt they needed. For example, not all autistic people had an appropriate adult with them at the police station who could help to make sure they understood what was happening around them. Autistic people were also more likely to feel less able to cope with the stress and more likely to suffer meltdowns and shutdowns because of their involvement with the criminal justice system. We hope this study will help police officers and lawyers to better support autistic people if they become involved with the criminal justice system. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221140284 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507 [article] Are autistic people disadvantaged by the criminal justice system? A case comparison [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rachel SLAVNY-CROSS, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Sarah GRIFFITHS, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur . - p.1438-1448. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 27-5 (July 2023) . - p.1438-1448 Mots-clés : autism;criminal justice;meltdown;reasonable adjustments;shutdown Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The UK government identified "improving support within the criminal justice systems" as a priority for autistic people. There is a lack of quantitative research to enable policymakers to make evidence-based decisions on how to improve access to justice for autistic people. This study used a case-comparison design to compare the experiences of 145 autistic and 116 non-autistic adults who had been arrested at some point in their life. Autistic participants were nearly five times more likely to state that they were not given an appropriate adult even though they believed they needed one and felt less able to communicate with the police. Autistic participants felt less able to cope with stress, twice as likely to have experienced meltdowns and five times more likely to have experienced shutdowns because of their criminal justice involvement. We conclude that there are inequalities that autistic people face when navigating the criminal justice system and the degree to which they can participate effectively in the justice process. This has an impact on their mental health. Policy recommendations are discussed based on this evidence. Lay Abstract Most autistic people will never experience being arrested or charged with a crime, however for those who do tend to be less satisfied with the way they were treated. The purpose of this study was to find out if autistic people are being disadvantaged by the criminal justice system if they are arrested. Previous research has shown that autistic people may have difficulties communicating with the police. This study builds on this knowledge by uncovering why autistic people may not feel able to communicate with the police and whether the police made any adjustments to help them. This study also measures the impact of being involved with the criminal justice system on autistic people?s mental health, such as stress, meltdowns and shutdowns. The results show that autistic people were not always given the support they felt they needed. For example, not all autistic people had an appropriate adult with them at the police station who could help to make sure they understood what was happening around them. Autistic people were also more likely to feel less able to cope with the stress and more likely to suffer meltdowns and shutdowns because of their involvement with the criminal justice system. We hope this study will help police officers and lawyers to better support autistic people if they become involved with the criminal justice system. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221140284 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507

Assessing Autism in Adults: An Evaluation of the Developmental, Dimensional and Diagnostic Interview-Adult Version (3Di-Adult) / W. MANDY in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48-2 (February 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 48-2 (February 2018) . - p.549-560 Titre : Assessing Autism in Adults: An Evaluation of the Developmental, Dimensional and Diagnostic Interview-Adult Version (3Di-Adult) Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : W. MANDY, Auteur ; K. CLARKE, Auteur ; M. MCKENNER, Auteur ; A. STRYDOM, Auteur ; J. CRABTREE, Auteur ; Meng-Chuan LAI, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; D. SKUSE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.549-560 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adults  Assessment and diagnosis  Autism spectrum conditions (ASC)  Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)  Diagnostic and statistical manual, fifth edition (DSM-5) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We developed a brief, informant-report interview for assessing autism spectrum conditions (ASC) in adults, called the Developmental, Dimensional and Diagnostic Interview-Adult Version (3Di-Adult); and completed a preliminary evaluation. Informant reports were collected for participants with ASC (n = 39), a non-clinical comparison group (n = 29) and a clinical comparison group (n = 20) who had non-autistic mental health conditions. Mean administration time was 38 min (50 min for ASC). Internal consistency (alphas >/= 0.93) and inter-rater agreement (ICCs >/= 0.99) were high. When discriminating ASC from non-ASC, the 3Di-Adult showed excellent sensitivity (95%) and specificity (92%). The 3Di-Adult shows promise as a psychometrically sound and time-efficient interview for collecting standardised informant reports for DSM-5 assessments of ASC in adults, in research and clinical practice. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3321-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=338 [article] Assessing Autism in Adults: An Evaluation of the Developmental, Dimensional and Diagnostic Interview-Adult Version (3Di-Adult) [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / W. MANDY, Auteur ; K. CLARKE, Auteur ; M. MCKENNER, Auteur ; A. STRYDOM, Auteur ; J. CRABTREE, Auteur ; Meng-Chuan LAI, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; D. SKUSE, Auteur . - p.549-560. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 48-2 (February 2018) . - p.549-560 Mots-clés : Adults  Assessment and diagnosis  Autism spectrum conditions (ASC)  Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)  Diagnostic and statistical manual, fifth edition (DSM-5) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We developed a brief, informant-report interview for assessing autism spectrum conditions (ASC) in adults, called the Developmental, Dimensional and Diagnostic Interview-Adult Version (3Di-Adult); and completed a preliminary evaluation. Informant reports were collected for participants with ASC (n = 39), a non-clinical comparison group (n = 29) and a clinical comparison group (n = 20) who had non-autistic mental health conditions. Mean administration time was 38 min (50 min for ASC). Internal consistency (alphas >/= 0.93) and inter-rater agreement (ICCs >/= 0.99) were high. When discriminating ASC from non-ASC, the 3Di-Adult showed excellent sensitivity (95%) and specificity (92%). The 3Di-Adult shows promise as a psychometrically sound and time-efficient interview for collecting standardised informant reports for DSM-5 assessments of ASC in adults, in research and clinical practice. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3321-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=338

Autism and the criminal justice system: An analysis of 93 cases / Rachel SLAVNY-CROSS in Autism Research, 15-5 (May 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-5 (May 2022) . - p.904-914 Titre : Autism and the criminal justice system: An analysis of 93 cases Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rachel SLAVNY-CROSS, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Sarah GRIFFITHS, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.904-914 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/psychology  Autistic Disorder  Criminal Law  Humans  Police  Surveys and Questionnaires  autism  criminal justice  mitigation  offending  reasonable adjustments Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We investigate whether autistic people's vulnerability is taken into account at each stage of the criminal justice system (CJS). Defense lawyers from 12 nations were included in the study although the sample was predominantly from the UK. Lawyers completed an online survey regarding one case in which they had defended an autistic client between January 2015 and January 2020; and on one case in which they had defended a nonautistic client charged with a similar offense, to provide a comparison group. Ninety-three lawyers (85% in the UK) reported on one autistic case, and 53 also reported on one nonautistic case. 75% of autistic clients were not given reasonable adjustments during the process. Only 43% were offered an appropriate adult during police investigations, even though they had an existing diagnosis of autism. 59% of prosecution barristers and 46% of judges said or did something during the trial that made the lawyers concerned that they did not have an adequate understanding of autism. Lawyers were 7.58 times more likely to be concerned about their autistic client's effective participation in court and were 3.83 times more likely to be concerned that their autistic clients would engage in self-harm, compared with their nonautistic clients. There is a failure to identify and address autistic peoples' disability within the CJS. There is a need for mandatory autism training for police officers and the judiciary, with a focus on identifying autism and understanding the needs of autistic people so that reasonable adjustments are offered in all cases. LAY SUMMARY: This study sought to investigate if the needs of autistic people are being overlooked by the police and other professionals within the CJS. Results show that autistic people are not always given the support they need during police questioning or in court. The experience of being involved with the police may also have a more negative impact on autistic peoples' mental health than that of nonautistic people. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2690 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473 [article] Autism and the criminal justice system: An analysis of 93 cases [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rachel SLAVNY-CROSS, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Sarah GRIFFITHS, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur . - p.904-914. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-5 (May 2022) . - p.904-914 Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/psychology  Autistic Disorder  Criminal Law  Humans  Police  Surveys and Questionnaires  autism  criminal justice  mitigation  offending  reasonable adjustments Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We investigate whether autistic people's vulnerability is taken into account at each stage of the criminal justice system (CJS). Defense lawyers from 12 nations were included in the study although the sample was predominantly from the UK. Lawyers completed an online survey regarding one case in which they had defended an autistic client between January 2015 and January 2020; and on one case in which they had defended a nonautistic client charged with a similar offense, to provide a comparison group. Ninety-three lawyers (85% in the UK) reported on one autistic case, and 53 also reported on one nonautistic case. 75% of autistic clients were not given reasonable adjustments during the process. Only 43% were offered an appropriate adult during police investigations, even though they had an existing diagnosis of autism. 59% of prosecution barristers and 46% of judges said or did something during the trial that made the lawyers concerned that they did not have an adequate understanding of autism. Lawyers were 7.58 times more likely to be concerned about their autistic client's effective participation in court and were 3.83 times more likely to be concerned that their autistic clients would engage in self-harm, compared with their nonautistic clients. There is a failure to identify and address autistic peoples' disability within the CJS. There is a need for mandatory autism training for police officers and the judiciary, with a focus on identifying autism and understanding the needs of autistic people so that reasonable adjustments are offered in all cases. LAY SUMMARY: This study sought to investigate if the needs of autistic people are being overlooked by the police and other professionals within the CJS. Results show that autistic people are not always given the support they need during police questioning or in court. The experience of being involved with the police may also have a more negative impact on autistic peoples' mental health than that of nonautistic people. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2690 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473

Autism prevalence in China is comparable to Western prevalence / X. SUN in Molecular Autism, 10 (2019)  

Permalink

Autism screening and conditional cash transfers in Chile: Using the Quantitative Checklist (Q-CHAT) for early autism detection in a low resource setting / Andres ROMAN-URRESTARAZU in Autism, 25-4 (May 2021)  

Permalink

Autism screening at 18 months of age: a comparison of the Q-CHAT-10 and M-CHAT screeners / R. STURNER in Molecular Autism, 13 (2022)  

Permalink

Autism Traits in Individuals with Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum / Yolanda C. LAU in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43-5 (May 2013)  

Permalink

Autistic adults have poorer quality healthcare and worse health based on self-report data / Elizabeth WEIR in Molecular Autism, 13 (2022)  

Permalink

Autistic People?s Perinatal Experiences I: A Survey of Pregnancy Experiences / Carrie ALLISON ; Simon BARON-COHEN ; Rosemary HOLT in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 54-1 (January 2024)  

Permalink

Autistic traits in adults who have attempted suicide / G. RICHARDS in Molecular Autism, 10 (2019)  

Permalink

Autistic Traits in Treatment-Seeking Transgender Adults / A. NOBILI in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48-12 (December 2018)  

Permalink

Brief Report: Development of the Adolescent Empathy and Systemizing Quotients / Bonnie AUYEUNG in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42-10 (October 2012)  

Permalink

Brief Report: The Go/No-Go Task Online: Inhibitory Control Deficits in Autism in a Large Sample / F. UZEFOVSKY in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46-8 (August 2016)  

Permalink

---

1 2 3 4 5 (1 - 15 / 73) Par page : 25 50 Tout afficher