Dépouillements

Editorial: Process to progress? Investigative trials, mechanism and clinical science / Jonathan GREEN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-1 (January 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-1 (January 2015) . - p.1-3 Titre : Editorial: Process to progress? Investigative trials, mechanism and clinical science Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jonathan GREEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1-3 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Investigative trials  childhood mental health practice  complex interventions  treatment trial design  developmental science  moderated mediation  causal effects Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In 2002 Helena Kraemer and colleagues published an important article on the analysis of clinical trials in mental health, which advocated a planned focus on mechanisms to investigate the processes behind treatment effects. Kraemer et al. considered not only new approaches to mediation analysis, but also a theoretical approach to factors, both pre-treatment and during treatment, that might moderate this mediation. Trials should not just be about whether a treatment ‘worked’, but how it worked; with the results informing modification of the intervention for the next trial by discarding aspects that were not effective and reinforcing aspects that were – an iterative procedure towards greater effectiveness. Can we enjoy similar ambitions for complex interventions within mental health? It is not so long ago when the received wisdom within the clinical and much of the research community was that it was simply impossible in practice to mount randomised controlled trials relevant to the kind of psychosocial interventions we use in child and adolescent mental health (CAMHS). How different the situation is now, with burgeoning interest in a systematic evidence base for psychological treatment and the possibilities for unexpected advances (as well as unexpected harms). Nevertheless it is probably still fair to say that the systematic use of process and mechanism study within trials in our field is the exception rather than the rule. What are the possibilities and implications for our field? En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12377 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=259 [article] Editorial: Process to progress? Investigative trials, mechanism and clinical science [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jonathan GREEN, Auteur . - p.1-3. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-1 (January 2015) . - p.1-3 Mots-clés : Investigative trials  childhood mental health practice  complex interventions  treatment trial design  developmental science  moderated mediation  causal effects Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In 2002 Helena Kraemer and colleagues published an important article on the analysis of clinical trials in mental health, which advocated a planned focus on mechanisms to investigate the processes behind treatment effects. Kraemer et al. considered not only new approaches to mediation analysis, but also a theoretical approach to factors, both pre-treatment and during treatment, that might moderate this mediation. Trials should not just be about whether a treatment ‘worked’, but how it worked; with the results informing modification of the intervention for the next trial by discarding aspects that were not effective and reinforcing aspects that were – an iterative procedure towards greater effectiveness. Can we enjoy similar ambitions for complex interventions within mental health? It is not so long ago when the received wisdom within the clinical and much of the research community was that it was simply impossible in practice to mount randomised controlled trials relevant to the kind of psychosocial interventions we use in child and adolescent mental health (CAMHS). How different the situation is now, with burgeoning interest in a systematic evidence base for psychological treatment and the possibilities for unexpected advances (as well as unexpected harms). Nevertheless it is probably still fair to say that the systematic use of process and mechanism study within trials in our field is the exception rather than the rule. What are the possibilities and implications for our field? En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12377 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=259

Practitioner Review: Diagnosing childhood resilience – a systemic approach to the diagnosis of adaptation in adverse social and physical ecologies / Michael UNGAR in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-1 (January 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-1 (January 2015) . - p.4-17 Titre : Practitioner Review: Diagnosing childhood resilience – a systemic approach to the diagnosis of adaptation in adverse social and physical ecologies Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Michael UNGAR, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.4-17 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Resilience  vulnerable child populations  diagnostic criteria  adversity  social ecologies  social capital  differential diagnosis  differential impact Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background With growing interest in resilience among mental health care providers globally, there is a need for a simple way to consider the complex interactions that predict adaptive coping when there is exposure to high levels of adversity such as family violence, mental illness of a child or caregiver, natural disasters, social marginalization, or political conflict. Methods This article presents diagnostic criteria for assessing childhood resilience in a way that is sensitive to the systemic factors that influence a child's wellbeing. The most important characteristics of children who cope well under adversity and avoid problems like depression, PTSD, and delinquency are highlighted. Results A multidimensional assessment of resilience is presented that examines, first, the severity, chronicity, ecological level, children's attributions of causality, and cultural and contextual relevance of experiences of adversity. Second, promotive and protective factors related to resilience are assessed with sensitivity to the differential impact these have on outcomes depending on a child's level of exposure to adversity. These factors include individual qualities like temperament, personality, and cognitions, as well as contextual dimensions of positive functioning related to the available and accessibility of resources, their strategic use, positive reinforcement by a child's significant others, and the adaptive capacity of the environment itself. Third, an assessment of resilience includes temporal and cultural factors that increase or decrease the influence of protective factors. A decision tree for the diagnosis of resilience is presented, followed by a case study and diagnosis of a 15-year-old boy who required treatment for a number of mental health challenges. Conclusions The diagnostic criteria for assessing resilience and its application to clinical practice demonstrate the potential usefulness of a systemic approach to understanding resilience among child populations. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12306 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=259 [article] Practitioner Review: Diagnosing childhood resilience – a systemic approach to the diagnosis of adaptation in adverse social and physical ecologies [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Michael UNGAR, Auteur . - p.4-17. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-1 (January 2015) . - p.4-17 Mots-clés : Resilience  vulnerable child populations  diagnostic criteria  adversity  social ecologies  social capital  differential diagnosis  differential impact Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background With growing interest in resilience among mental health care providers globally, there is a need for a simple way to consider the complex interactions that predict adaptive coping when there is exposure to high levels of adversity such as family violence, mental illness of a child or caregiver, natural disasters, social marginalization, or political conflict. Methods This article presents diagnostic criteria for assessing childhood resilience in a way that is sensitive to the systemic factors that influence a child's wellbeing. The most important characteristics of children who cope well under adversity and avoid problems like depression, PTSD, and delinquency are highlighted. Results A multidimensional assessment of resilience is presented that examines, first, the severity, chronicity, ecological level, children's attributions of causality, and cultural and contextual relevance of experiences of adversity. Second, promotive and protective factors related to resilience are assessed with sensitivity to the differential impact these have on outcomes depending on a child's level of exposure to adversity. These factors include individual qualities like temperament, personality, and cognitions, as well as contextual dimensions of positive functioning related to the available and accessibility of resources, their strategic use, positive reinforcement by a child's significant others, and the adaptive capacity of the environment itself. Third, an assessment of resilience includes temporal and cultural factors that increase or decrease the influence of protective factors. A decision tree for the diagnosis of resilience is presented, followed by a case study and diagnosis of a 15-year-old boy who required treatment for a number of mental health challenges. Conclusions The diagnostic criteria for assessing resilience and its application to clinical practice demonstrate the potential usefulness of a systemic approach to understanding resilience among child populations. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12306 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=259

Commentary: A social environment approach to promotive and protective practice in childhood resilience – reflections on Ungar (2014) / Michael G. WESSELLS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-1 (January 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-1 (January 2015) . - p.18-20 Titre : Commentary: A social environment approach to promotive and protective practice in childhood resilience – reflections on Ungar (2014) Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Michael G. WESSELLS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.18-20 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Childhood  adversity  resilience  promotive factors  protective factors  social environment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The field of mental health and psychosocial support for children in humanitarian emergencies has been evolving rapidly. A decade ago, researchers and practitioners frequently took a deficits approach that emphasized problems such as trauma, particularly post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), in zones of armed conflict. Assessments focused on PTSD and typically led to the provision of curative responses such as Western psychotherapies as the first response for the affected population. Practitioners expressed diverse concerns about this approach, including its narrow, medicalized definition of the problem (mental disorder), the unsustainability of the programs it generated, the relative inattention to the context, the privileging of individual over systemic approaches, and the lack of cultural sensitivity. For these and other reasons, humanitarian practitioners have increasingly favored a resilience approach that features the agency of children, families, and communities and seeks to build upon existing assets or strengths. Already there is evidence of the effectiveness of numerous interventions that embody a resilience approach. Yet resilience approaches have been limited by a lack of conceptual clarity and ongoing questions about how to assess and measure it. In this context, Michael Ungar's Practitioner Review is an important contribution to practice. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12367 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=259 [article] Commentary: A social environment approach to promotive and protective practice in childhood resilience – reflections on Ungar (2014) [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Michael G. WESSELLS, Auteur . - p.18-20. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-1 (January 2015) . - p.18-20 Mots-clés : Childhood  adversity  resilience  promotive factors  protective factors  social environment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The field of mental health and psychosocial support for children in humanitarian emergencies has been evolving rapidly. A decade ago, researchers and practitioners frequently took a deficits approach that emphasized problems such as trauma, particularly post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), in zones of armed conflict. Assessments focused on PTSD and typically led to the provision of curative responses such as Western psychotherapies as the first response for the affected population. Practitioners expressed diverse concerns about this approach, including its narrow, medicalized definition of the problem (mental disorder), the unsustainability of the programs it generated, the relative inattention to the context, the privileging of individual over systemic approaches, and the lack of cultural sensitivity. For these and other reasons, humanitarian practitioners have increasingly favored a resilience approach that features the agency of children, families, and communities and seeks to build upon existing assets or strengths. Already there is evidence of the effectiveness of numerous interventions that embody a resilience approach. Yet resilience approaches have been limited by a lack of conceptual clarity and ongoing questions about how to assess and measure it. In this context, Michael Ungar's Practitioner Review is an important contribution to practice. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12367 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=259

Prenatal depression and 5-HTTLPR interact to predict dysregulation from 3 to 36 months – A differential susceptibility model / Vanessa BABINEAU in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-1 (January 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-1 (January 2015) . - p.21-29 Titre : Prenatal depression and 5-HTTLPR interact to predict dysregulation from 3 to 36 months – A differential susceptibility model Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Vanessa BABINEAU, Auteur ; Cathryn Gordon GREEN, Auteur ; Alexis JOLICOEUR-MARTINEAU, Auteur ; Andrée-Anne BOUVETTE-TURCOT, Auteur ; Klaus MINDE, Auteur ; Roberto SASSI, Auteur ; Martin ST-ANDRÉ, Auteur ; Normand J. CARREY, Auteur ; Leslie ATKINSON, Auteur ; James L. KENNEDY, Auteur ; John LYDON, Auteur ; Meir STEINER, Auteur ; Helene GAUDREAU, Auteur ; Robert LEVITAN, Auteur ; Michael MEANEY, Auteur ; Ashley WAZANA, Auteur ; THE MAVAN PROJECT,, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.21-29 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Child development  emotional dysregulation  gene–environment interaction (GxE)  longitudinal studies  maternal depression  Prenatal Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Childhood dysregulation, which reflects deficits in the capacity to regulate or control one's thoughts, emotions and behaviours, is associated with psychopathology throughout childhood and into adulthood. Exposures to adversity during the prenatal period, including prenatal depression, can influence the development of dysregulation, and a number of candidate genes have been suggested as moderators of prenatal exposure, including polymorphisms in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR). We examined whether prenatal depression and child 5-HTTLPR interact to predict childhood dysregulation. Method Sample of N = 213 mother–child pairs from the Maternal Adversity, Vulnerability and Neurodevelopment (MAVAN) project. Mothers reported the IBQ-R at 3 and 6 months, and the ECBQ at 18 and 36 months, from which measures of dysregulation were extracted. Mothers' self-reported symptoms of depression on the CES-D at 24–36 weeks of gestation, and at 6, 12, 24 and 36 months postnatal. 5-HTTLPR genotype was extracted from buccal swabs. Mixed-model and confirmatory analyses were conducted. Results Prenatal depression and 5-HTTLPR interacted to predict dysregulation from 3 to 36 months, within a model of strong differential susceptibility. Conclusion Children with S or LG alleles, when exposed to prenatal depression, have higher levels of dysregulation, and when exposed to lower or little prenatal depression, have higher capacity for regulation. Our findings support efforts to identify, support and treat prenatal depression. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12246 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=259 [article] Prenatal depression and 5-HTTLPR interact to predict dysregulation from 3 to 36 months – A differential susceptibility model [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Vanessa BABINEAU, Auteur ; Cathryn Gordon GREEN, Auteur ; Alexis JOLICOEUR-MARTINEAU, Auteur ; Andrée-Anne BOUVETTE-TURCOT, Auteur ; Klaus MINDE, Auteur ; Roberto SASSI, Auteur ; Martin ST-ANDRÉ, Auteur ; Normand J. CARREY, Auteur ; Leslie ATKINSON, Auteur ; James L. KENNEDY, Auteur ; John LYDON, Auteur ; Meir STEINER, Auteur ; Helene GAUDREAU, Auteur ; Robert LEVITAN, Auteur ; Michael MEANEY, Auteur ; Ashley WAZANA, Auteur ; THE MAVAN PROJECT,, Auteur . - p.21-29. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-1 (January 2015) . - p.21-29 Mots-clés : Child development  emotional dysregulation  gene–environment interaction (GxE)  longitudinal studies  maternal depression  Prenatal Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Childhood dysregulation, which reflects deficits in the capacity to regulate or control one's thoughts, emotions and behaviours, is associated with psychopathology throughout childhood and into adulthood. Exposures to adversity during the prenatal period, including prenatal depression, can influence the development of dysregulation, and a number of candidate genes have been suggested as moderators of prenatal exposure, including polymorphisms in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR). We examined whether prenatal depression and child 5-HTTLPR interact to predict childhood dysregulation. Method Sample of N = 213 mother–child pairs from the Maternal Adversity, Vulnerability and Neurodevelopment (MAVAN) project. Mothers reported the IBQ-R at 3 and 6 months, and the ECBQ at 18 and 36 months, from which measures of dysregulation were extracted. Mothers' self-reported symptoms of depression on the CES-D at 24–36 weeks of gestation, and at 6, 12, 24 and 36 months postnatal. 5-HTTLPR genotype was extracted from buccal swabs. Mixed-model and confirmatory analyses were conducted. Results Prenatal depression and 5-HTTLPR interacted to predict dysregulation from 3 to 36 months, within a model of strong differential susceptibility. Conclusion Children with S or LG alleles, when exposed to prenatal depression, have higher levels of dysregulation, and when exposed to lower or little prenatal depression, have higher capacity for regulation. Our findings support efforts to identify, support and treat prenatal depression. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12246 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=259

Phonological awareness and reading in boys with fragile X syndrome / Suzanne M. ADLOF in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-1 (January 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-1 (January 2015) . - p.30-39 Titre : Phonological awareness and reading in boys with fragile X syndrome Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Suzanne M. ADLOF, Auteur ; Jessica KLUSEK, Auteur ; Svetlana V. SHINKAREVA, Auteur ; Marissa L. ROBINSON, Auteur ; Jane E. ROBERTS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.30-39 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Phonological processing  intellectual disability  longitudinal studies  reading  developmental delay Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Reading delays are well documented in children with fragile X syndrome (FXS), but few studies have examined linguistic precursors of reading in this population. This study examined the longitudinal development of phonological awareness and its relationship with basic reading in boys with FXS. Individual differences in genetic, social-behavioral and environmental factors were also investigated as predictors of phonological awareness. Methods Participants included 54 boys with FXS and 53 typically developing (TD) mental age-matched peers who completed assessments of phonological awareness, nonverbal intelligence, and reading annually for up to 4 years. FMRP level and autism symptomatology were also measured within the FXS group. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to examine change in phonological awareness over time and its predictors. Linear regression was used to examine phonological awareness as a predictor of word reading. Results Boys with FXS exhibited slower growth than TD peers in phonological awareness only when nonverbal cognitive abilities were not controlled. The rate of change in phonological awareness decreased significantly after age 10 in boys with FXS. Phonological awareness accounted for 18% unique variance in basic reading ability after controlling for nonverbal cognition, with similar relationships across groups. Conclusion Phonological awareness skills in the boys with FXS were commensurate with their nonverbal cognitive abilities, with similar relationships between phonological awareness and reading as observed in the TD mental age-matched peers. More research is needed to examine potential causal relationships between phonological awareness, other language skills, and reading abilities in individuals with FXS and other neurodevelopmental disorders. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12267 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=259 [article] Phonological awareness and reading in boys with fragile X syndrome [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Suzanne M. ADLOF, Auteur ; Jessica KLUSEK, Auteur ; Svetlana V. SHINKAREVA, Auteur ; Marissa L. ROBINSON, Auteur ; Jane E. ROBERTS, Auteur . - p.30-39. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-1 (January 2015) . - p.30-39 Mots-clés : Phonological processing  intellectual disability  longitudinal studies  reading  developmental delay Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Reading delays are well documented in children with fragile X syndrome (FXS), but few studies have examined linguistic precursors of reading in this population. This study examined the longitudinal development of phonological awareness and its relationship with basic reading in boys with FXS. Individual differences in genetic, social-behavioral and environmental factors were also investigated as predictors of phonological awareness. Methods Participants included 54 boys with FXS and 53 typically developing (TD) mental age-matched peers who completed assessments of phonological awareness, nonverbal intelligence, and reading annually for up to 4 years. FMRP level and autism symptomatology were also measured within the FXS group. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to examine change in phonological awareness over time and its predictors. Linear regression was used to examine phonological awareness as a predictor of word reading. Results Boys with FXS exhibited slower growth than TD peers in phonological awareness only when nonverbal cognitive abilities were not controlled. The rate of change in phonological awareness decreased significantly after age 10 in boys with FXS. Phonological awareness accounted for 18% unique variance in basic reading ability after controlling for nonverbal cognition, with similar relationships across groups. Conclusion Phonological awareness skills in the boys with FXS were commensurate with their nonverbal cognitive abilities, with similar relationships between phonological awareness and reading as observed in the TD mental age-matched peers. More research is needed to examine potential causal relationships between phonological awareness, other language skills, and reading abilities in individuals with FXS and other neurodevelopmental disorders. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12267 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=259

Differential impact of methylphenidate and atomoxetine on sustained attention in youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder / Anne-Claude V. BÉDARD in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-1 (January 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-1 (January 2015) . - p.40-48 Titre : Differential impact of methylphenidate and atomoxetine on sustained attention in youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Anne-Claude V. BÉDARD, Auteur ; Mark A. STEIN, Auteur ; Jeffrey M. HALPERIN, Auteur ; Beth KRONE, Auteur ; Estrella RAJWAN, Auteur ; Jeffrey H. NEWCORN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.40-48 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder  atomoxetine  methylphenidate  attention  vigilance Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background This study examined the effects of atomoxetine (ATX) and OROS methylphenidate (MPH) on laboratory measures of inhibitory control and attention in youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It was hypothesized that performance would be improved by both treatments, but response profiles would differ because the medications work via different mechanisms. Methods One hundred and two youth (77 male; mean age = 10.5 ± 2.7 years) with ADHD received ATX (1.4 ± 0.5 mg/kg) and MPH (52.4 ± 16.6 mg) in a randomized, double-blind, crossover design. Medication was titrated in 4–6-week blocks separated by a 2-week placebo washout. Inhibitory control and attention measures were obtained at baseline, following washout, and at the end of each treatment using Conners' Continuous Performance Test II (CPT-II), which provided age-adjusted T-scores for reaction time (RT), reaction time variability (RT variability), and errors. Repeated-measures analyses of variance were performed, with Time (premedication, postmedication) and Treatment type (ATX, MPH) entered as within-subject factors. Data from the two treatment blocks were checked for order effects and combined if order effects were not present. Clinical trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT00183391. Results Main effects for Time on RT (p = .03), RTSD (p = .001), and omission errors (p = .01) were significant. A significant Drug × Time interaction indicated that MPH improved RT, RTSD, and omission errors more than ATX (p < .05). Changes in performance with treatment did not correlate with changes in ADHD symptoms. Conclusions MPH has greater effects than ATX on CPT measures of sustained attention in youth with ADHD. However, the dissociation of cognitive and behavioral change with treatment indicates that CPT measures cannot be considered proxies for symptomatic improvement. Further research on the dissociation of cognitive and behavioral endpoints for ADHD is indicated. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12272 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=259 [article] Differential impact of methylphenidate and atomoxetine on sustained attention in youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Anne-Claude V. BÉDARD, Auteur ; Mark A. STEIN, Auteur ; Jeffrey M. HALPERIN, Auteur ; Beth KRONE, Auteur ; Estrella RAJWAN, Auteur ; Jeffrey H. NEWCORN, Auteur . - p.40-48. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-1 (January 2015) . - p.40-48 Mots-clés : Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder  atomoxetine  methylphenidate  attention  vigilance Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background This study examined the effects of atomoxetine (ATX) and OROS methylphenidate (MPH) on laboratory measures of inhibitory control and attention in youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It was hypothesized that performance would be improved by both treatments, but response profiles would differ because the medications work via different mechanisms. Methods One hundred and two youth (77 male; mean age = 10.5 ± 2.7 years) with ADHD received ATX (1.4 ± 0.5 mg/kg) and MPH (52.4 ± 16.6 mg) in a randomized, double-blind, crossover design. Medication was titrated in 4–6-week blocks separated by a 2-week placebo washout. Inhibitory control and attention measures were obtained at baseline, following washout, and at the end of each treatment using Conners' Continuous Performance Test II (CPT-II), which provided age-adjusted T-scores for reaction time (RT), reaction time variability (RT variability), and errors. Repeated-measures analyses of variance were performed, with Time (premedication, postmedication) and Treatment type (ATX, MPH) entered as within-subject factors. Data from the two treatment blocks were checked for order effects and combined if order effects were not present. Clinical trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT00183391. Results Main effects for Time on RT (p = .03), RTSD (p = .001), and omission errors (p = .01) were significant. A significant Drug × Time interaction indicated that MPH improved RT, RTSD, and omission errors more than ATX (p < .05). Changes in performance with treatment did not correlate with changes in ADHD symptoms. Conclusions MPH has greater effects than ATX on CPT measures of sustained attention in youth with ADHD. However, the dissociation of cognitive and behavioral change with treatment indicates that CPT measures cannot be considered proxies for symptomatic improvement. Further research on the dissociation of cognitive and behavioral endpoints for ADHD is indicated. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12272 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=259

Trends in parent- and teacher-rated emotional, conduct and ADHD problems and their impact in prepubertal children in Great Britain: 1999–2008 / Ruth SELLERS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-1 (January 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-1 (January 2015) . - p.49-57 Titre : Trends in parent- and teacher-rated emotional, conduct and ADHD problems and their impact in prepubertal children in Great Britain: 1999–2008 Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ruth SELLERS, Auteur ; Barbara MAUGHAN, Auteur ; Andrew PICKLES, Auteur ; Anita THAPAR, Auteur ; Stephan COLLISHAW, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.49-57 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Symptomatology  survey  psychopathology  prevalence  gender difference Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Evidence from Western countries indicates marked increases in diagnosis and treatment of childhood psychiatric disorders in recent years. These could reflect changes in prevalence of mental health problems, changes in their impact or increased clinical recognition and help-seeking. Epidemiological cross-cohort comparisons are required to test possible changes in prevalence, but are lacking for pre-adolescent children in Great Britain. Methods Parent and teacher Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) ratings were used to compare rates of emotional, conduct and hyperactivity problems in 7-year-old children across three nationally representative British samples assessed in 1999 (n = 1033), 2004 (n = 648) and 2008 (n = 13 857). The SDQ impact supplement was used to assess associated distress, social, and educational impairment. Stratified analyses examined trends by gender and socio-economic group. Results There was a decline in mean problem scores and a fall in the percentages scoring in the ‘abnormal’ range for all symptom types across the period of study. This decline was observed for all demographic groups, for parent and teacher reports, and was more marked for boys than girls. Both parent- and teacher-rated impact scores differed across the three cohorts for boys. Teacher-rated impact scores differed across cohorts for girls. Conclusions The first decade of the 21st Century saw a reduction in perceived levels of emotional and behaviour problems in pre-adolescent children in Great Britain. The threshold at which mental health problems have an impact on children's distress and classroom learning has changed over time. Continued monitoring of child mental health remains a priority. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12273 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=259 [article] Trends in parent- and teacher-rated emotional, conduct and ADHD problems and their impact in prepubertal children in Great Britain: 1999–2008 [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ruth SELLERS, Auteur ; Barbara MAUGHAN, Auteur ; Andrew PICKLES, Auteur ; Anita THAPAR, Auteur ; Stephan COLLISHAW, Auteur . - p.49-57. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-1 (January 2015) . - p.49-57 Mots-clés : Symptomatology  survey  psychopathology  prevalence  gender difference Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Evidence from Western countries indicates marked increases in diagnosis and treatment of childhood psychiatric disorders in recent years. These could reflect changes in prevalence of mental health problems, changes in their impact or increased clinical recognition and help-seeking. Epidemiological cross-cohort comparisons are required to test possible changes in prevalence, but are lacking for pre-adolescent children in Great Britain. Methods Parent and teacher Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) ratings were used to compare rates of emotional, conduct and hyperactivity problems in 7-year-old children across three nationally representative British samples assessed in 1999 (n = 1033), 2004 (n = 648) and 2008 (n = 13 857). The SDQ impact supplement was used to assess associated distress, social, and educational impairment. Stratified analyses examined trends by gender and socio-economic group. Results There was a decline in mean problem scores and a fall in the percentages scoring in the ‘abnormal’ range for all symptom types across the period of study. This decline was observed for all demographic groups, for parent and teacher reports, and was more marked for boys than girls. Both parent- and teacher-rated impact scores differed across the three cohorts for boys. Teacher-rated impact scores differed across cohorts for girls. Conclusions The first decade of the 21st Century saw a reduction in perceived levels of emotional and behaviour problems in pre-adolescent children in Great Britain. The threshold at which mental health problems have an impact on children's distress and classroom learning has changed over time. Continued monitoring of child mental health remains a priority. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12273 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=259

The possible involvement of genetic variants of NET1 in the etiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder comorbid with oppositional defiant disorder / Lu LIU in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-1 (January 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-1 (January 2015) . - p.58-66 Titre : The possible involvement of genetic variants of NET1 in the etiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder comorbid with oppositional defiant disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lu LIU, Auteur ; Jia CHENG, Auteur ; Haimei LI, Auteur ; Li YANG, Auteur ; Qiujin QIAN, Auteur ; Yufeng WANG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.58-66 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ADHD  ODD  NET1  association Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) often coexist and shared some genetic influences. Evidence from the existing literature indicated that comorbid with ODD may increase the heterogeneity of ADHD genetics. Our present study sought to investigate the role of norepinephrine transporter gene (NET1) for ADHD comorbid with ODD. Methods Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of NET1 were genotyped for a total of 1,815 ADHD cases, including 587 subjects (32.3%) with ODD. Chi-square tests were conducted for pseudo case–control study comparing allelic and genotypic distributions between ADHD with and without ODD. Among them, there were 1,249 probands together with their parents composing trios for family-based association studies using transmission disequilibrium tests (TDTs). In addition, 1,337 ADHD probands have detailed information of ODD symptoms and were included for quantitative analyses with genotypes using analyses of covariance (ANCOVA). To consider the overlap and correlation of other comorbidities with ODD and eliminate their potential confounding effect, we further repeated above analyses for ‘pure ADHD+ODD’ versus ‘ADHD-only’ after excluding other comorbidities except for ODD. Results The pseudo case–control study showed different allelic and genotypic distributions of SNP rs3785143 between ADHD with ODD and those without ODD. Family-based association tests indicated overtransmission of the T allele of rs3785143 in ADHD with ODD trios, but no biased transmission in those without ODD. ANCOVA showed association between genotypes of rs3785143 with ODD symptoms in ADHD probands, especially with ‘Argumentative/Defiant Behavior (ADB)’ dimension after controlling gender, age, clinical subtypes and intelligence. Above association still existed after removing the samples with other comorbidities. Conclusion NET1 was associated with comorbidity of ODD and ODD symptoms in ADHD probands. Our findings emphasize the importance of considering the comorbidity of ODD in ADHD genetic studies, especially ADHD with ADB. However, further replication in independent sample or different populations is still needed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12278 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=259 [article] The possible involvement of genetic variants of NET1 in the etiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder comorbid with oppositional defiant disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lu LIU, Auteur ; Jia CHENG, Auteur ; Haimei LI, Auteur ; Li YANG, Auteur ; Qiujin QIAN, Auteur ; Yufeng WANG, Auteur . - p.58-66. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-1 (January 2015) . - p.58-66 Mots-clés : ADHD  ODD  NET1  association Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) often coexist and shared some genetic influences. Evidence from the existing literature indicated that comorbid with ODD may increase the heterogeneity of ADHD genetics. Our present study sought to investigate the role of norepinephrine transporter gene (NET1) for ADHD comorbid with ODD. Methods Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of NET1 were genotyped for a total of 1,815 ADHD cases, including 587 subjects (32.3%) with ODD. Chi-square tests were conducted for pseudo case–control study comparing allelic and genotypic distributions between ADHD with and without ODD. Among them, there were 1,249 probands together with their parents composing trios for family-based association studies using transmission disequilibrium tests (TDTs). In addition, 1,337 ADHD probands have detailed information of ODD symptoms and were included for quantitative analyses with genotypes using analyses of covariance (ANCOVA). To consider the overlap and correlation of other comorbidities with ODD and eliminate their potential confounding effect, we further repeated above analyses for ‘pure ADHD+ODD’ versus ‘ADHD-only’ after excluding other comorbidities except for ODD. Results The pseudo case–control study showed different allelic and genotypic distributions of SNP rs3785143 between ADHD with ODD and those without ODD. Family-based association tests indicated overtransmission of the T allele of rs3785143 in ADHD with ODD trios, but no biased transmission in those without ODD. ANCOVA showed association between genotypes of rs3785143 with ODD symptoms in ADHD probands, especially with ‘Argumentative/Defiant Behavior (ADB)’ dimension after controlling gender, age, clinical subtypes and intelligence. Above association still existed after removing the samples with other comorbidities. Conclusion NET1 was associated with comorbidity of ODD and ODD symptoms in ADHD probands. Our findings emphasize the importance of considering the comorbidity of ODD in ADHD genetic studies, especially ADHD with ADB. However, further replication in independent sample or different populations is still needed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12278 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=259

The contribution of early language development to children's emotional and behavioural functioning at 6 years: an analysis of data from the Children in Focus sample from the ALSPAC birth cohort / Judy CLEGG in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-1 (January 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-1 (January 2015) . - p.67-75 Titre : The contribution of early language development to children's emotional and behavioural functioning at 6 years: an analysis of data from the Children in Focus sample from the ALSPAC birth cohort Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Judy CLEGG, Auteur ; James LAW, Auteur ; Robert RUSH, Auteur ; Tim J. PETERS, Auteur ; Susan ROULSTONE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.67-75 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Children  language development  ALSPAC  emotional and behavioural functioning Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background An association between children's early language development and their emotional and behavioural functioning is reported in the literature. The nature of the association remains unclear and it has not been established if such an association is found in a population-based cohort in addition to clinical populations. Methods This study examines the reported association between language development and emotional and behavioural functioning in a population-based cohort. Data from 1,314 children in the Children in Focus (CiF) sample from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) were analysed. Regression models identified the extent to which early language ability at 2 years of age and later language ability at 4 years of age is associated with emotional and behavioural functioning at 6 years while accounting for biological and social risk and adjusting for age and performance intelligence (PIQ). Results A series of univariable and multivariable analyses identified a strong influence of biological risk, social risk and early and later language ability to emotional and behavioural functioning. Interestingly, social risk dropped out of the multivariate analyses when age and PIQ were controlled for. Early expressive vocabulary at 2 years and receptive language at 4 years made a strong contribution to emotional and behavioural functioning at 6 years in addition to biological risk. The final model accounted for 11.6% of the variance in emotional and behavioural functioning at 6 years. Conclusions The study identified that early language ability at 2 years, specifically expressive vocabulary and later receptive language at 4 years both made a moderate, but important contribution to emotional and behavioural functioning at 6 years of age. Although children's language development is important in understanding children's emotional and behavioural functioning, the study shows that it is one of many developmental factors involved. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12281 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=259 [article] The contribution of early language development to children's emotional and behavioural functioning at 6 years: an analysis of data from the Children in Focus sample from the ALSPAC birth cohort [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Judy CLEGG, Auteur ; James LAW, Auteur ; Robert RUSH, Auteur ; Tim J. PETERS, Auteur ; Susan ROULSTONE, Auteur . - p.67-75. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-1 (January 2015) . - p.67-75 Mots-clés : Children  language development  ALSPAC  emotional and behavioural functioning Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background An association between children's early language development and their emotional and behavioural functioning is reported in the literature. The nature of the association remains unclear and it has not been established if such an association is found in a population-based cohort in addition to clinical populations. Methods This study examines the reported association between language development and emotional and behavioural functioning in a population-based cohort. Data from 1,314 children in the Children in Focus (CiF) sample from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) were analysed. Regression models identified the extent to which early language ability at 2 years of age and later language ability at 4 years of age is associated with emotional and behavioural functioning at 6 years while accounting for biological and social risk and adjusting for age and performance intelligence (PIQ). Results A series of univariable and multivariable analyses identified a strong influence of biological risk, social risk and early and later language ability to emotional and behavioural functioning. Interestingly, social risk dropped out of the multivariate analyses when age and PIQ were controlled for. Early expressive vocabulary at 2 years and receptive language at 4 years made a strong contribution to emotional and behavioural functioning at 6 years in addition to biological risk. The final model accounted for 11.6% of the variance in emotional and behavioural functioning at 6 years. Conclusions The study identified that early language ability at 2 years, specifically expressive vocabulary and later receptive language at 4 years both made a moderate, but important contribution to emotional and behavioural functioning at 6 years of age. Although children's language development is important in understanding children's emotional and behavioural functioning, the study shows that it is one of many developmental factors involved. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12281 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=259

Right-lateralization of N2-amplitudes in depressive adolescents: an emotional go/no-go study / Monika TRINKL in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-1 (January 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-1 (January 2015) . - p.76-86 Titre : Right-lateralization of N2-amplitudes in depressive adolescents: an emotional go/no-go study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Monika TRINKL, Auteur ; Ellen GREIMEL, Auteur ; Jürgen BARTLING, Auteur ; Barbara GRÜNEWALD, Auteur ; Gerd SCHULTE-KÖRNE, Auteur ; Nicola GROSSHEINRICH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.76-86 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ERP  MDD  major depression  emotion regulation  asymmetry  left frontal hypoactivation  endophenotype  sensation seeking  experience seeking  appetitive stimuli  impulsivity  adolescence  go nogo Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Recent studies have proposed the process of emotion regulation as a promising target to study the neurophysiological basis of adolescent depression. Emotion regulation has repeatedly been studied with emotional go/no-go paradigms. To date, no study has examined if the left-frontal hypoactivation associated with depression generalizes to active tasks. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the hemispheric asymmetry of the N2 component in depressed adolescents in an emotion regulation paradigm. Methods Twenty-four adolescents diagnosed with major depression (age 11–18) and 30 healthy controls (age 11–18) performed two emotional go/no-go tasks exhibiting negative faces as go trials and positive faces as no-go trials and vice versa. Results On the behavioral level, no significant group differences emerged. On the neural level, we found a more right-lateralized N2-amplitude in depressed subjects, while it was more left-lateralized in controls. Furthermore, both groups showed a less negative N2-amplitude to positive no-go stimuli. Conclusion This study provides strong support for a general left-frontal hypoactivity in adolescent depression, which also applies to active emotional go/no-go paradigms. Furthermore, the less negative N2 to positive stimuli is consistent with a generally enhanced impulsivity of adolescents toward appetitive stimuli, which is possibly the base of the differential clinical pattern of adolescent in contrast to adult depression. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12282 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=259 [article] Right-lateralization of N2-amplitudes in depressive adolescents: an emotional go/no-go study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Monika TRINKL, Auteur ; Ellen GREIMEL, Auteur ; Jürgen BARTLING, Auteur ; Barbara GRÜNEWALD, Auteur ; Gerd SCHULTE-KÖRNE, Auteur ; Nicola GROSSHEINRICH, Auteur . - p.76-86. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-1 (January 2015) . - p.76-86 Mots-clés : ERP  MDD  major depression  emotion regulation  asymmetry  left frontal hypoactivation  endophenotype  sensation seeking  experience seeking  appetitive stimuli  impulsivity  adolescence  go nogo Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Recent studies have proposed the process of emotion regulation as a promising target to study the neurophysiological basis of adolescent depression. Emotion regulation has repeatedly been studied with emotional go/no-go paradigms. To date, no study has examined if the left-frontal hypoactivation associated with depression generalizes to active tasks. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the hemispheric asymmetry of the N2 component in depressed adolescents in an emotion regulation paradigm. Methods Twenty-four adolescents diagnosed with major depression (age 11–18) and 30 healthy controls (age 11–18) performed two emotional go/no-go tasks exhibiting negative faces as go trials and positive faces as no-go trials and vice versa. Results On the behavioral level, no significant group differences emerged. On the neural level, we found a more right-lateralized N2-amplitude in depressed subjects, while it was more left-lateralized in controls. Furthermore, both groups showed a less negative N2-amplitude to positive no-go stimuli. Conclusion This study provides strong support for a general left-frontal hypoactivity in adolescent depression, which also applies to active emotional go/no-go paradigms. Furthermore, the less negative N2 to positive stimuli is consistent with a generally enhanced impulsivity of adolescents toward appetitive stimuli, which is possibly the base of the differential clinical pattern of adolescent in contrast to adult depression. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12282 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=259

Prevalence of purging at age 16 and associations with negative outcomes among girls in three community-based cohorts / Francesca SOLMI in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-1 (January 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-1 (January 2015) . - p.87-96 Titre : Prevalence of purging at age 16 and associations with negative outcomes among girls in three community-based cohorts Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Francesca SOLMI, Auteur ; Kendrin R. SONNEVILLE, Auteur ; Abigail EASTER, Auteur ; Nicholas J. HORTON, Auteur ; Ross D. CROSBY, Auteur ; Janet TREASURE, Auteur ; Alina RODRIGUEZ, Auteur ; Marjo-Riitta JARVELIN, Auteur ; Alison E. FIELD, Auteur ; Nadia MICALI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.87-96 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescence  epidemiology  prevalence  eating behaviour  eating disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The comorbidity of purging behaviours, such as vomiting, inappropriate use of laxatives, diuretics or slimming medications, has been examined in literature. However, most studies do not include adolescents, individuals who purge in the absence of binge eating, or those purging at subclinical frequency. This study examines the prevalence of purging among 16-year-old girls across three countries and their association with substance use and psychological comorbidity. Methods Data were obtained by questionnaire in 3 population-based cohorts (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), United Kingdom, n = 1,608; Growing Up Today Study (GUTS), USA, n = 3,504; North Finland Birth Cohort (NFBC85/86), Finland, n = 2,306). Multivariate logistic regressions were employed to estimate associations between purging and outcomes. Four models were fit adjusting for binge eating and potential confounders of these associations. Results In ALSPAC, 9.7% of girls reported purging in the 12-months prior to assessment, 7.3% in GUTS, and 3.5% in NFBC. In all 3 cohorts, purging was associated with adverse outcomes such as binge drinking (ALSPAC: odds ratio (OR) = 2.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.4–2.9; GUTS: OR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.5–4.0; NFBC: OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.0–2.8), drug use (ALSPAC: OR = 2.9, 95% CI = 1.8–4.7; GUTS: OR = 4.5, 95% CI = 2.8–7.3; NFBC: OR = 4.1, 95% CI = 2.6–6.6), depressive symptoms in ALSPAC (OR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.5–3.1) and GUTS(OR = 3.7, 95% CI = 2.2–6.3), and several psychopathology measures including clinical anxiety/depression in NFBC (OR = 11.2, 95% CI = 3.9, 31.7). Conclusions Results show a higher prevalence of purging behaviours among girls in the United Kingdom compared to those in the United States and Finland. Our findings support evidence highlighting that purging in adolescence is associated with negative outcomes, independent of its frequency and binge eating. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12283 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=259 [article] Prevalence of purging at age 16 and associations with negative outcomes among girls in three community-based cohorts [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Francesca SOLMI, Auteur ; Kendrin R. SONNEVILLE, Auteur ; Abigail EASTER, Auteur ; Nicholas J. HORTON, Auteur ; Ross D. CROSBY, Auteur ; Janet TREASURE, Auteur ; Alina RODRIGUEZ, Auteur ; Marjo-Riitta JARVELIN, Auteur ; Alison E. FIELD, Auteur ; Nadia MICALI, Auteur . - p.87-96. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-1 (January 2015) . - p.87-96 Mots-clés : Adolescence  epidemiology  prevalence  eating behaviour  eating disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The comorbidity of purging behaviours, such as vomiting, inappropriate use of laxatives, diuretics or slimming medications, has been examined in literature. However, most studies do not include adolescents, individuals who purge in the absence of binge eating, or those purging at subclinical frequency. This study examines the prevalence of purging among 16-year-old girls across three countries and their association with substance use and psychological comorbidity. Methods Data were obtained by questionnaire in 3 population-based cohorts (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), United Kingdom, n = 1,608; Growing Up Today Study (GUTS), USA, n = 3,504; North Finland Birth Cohort (NFBC85/86), Finland, n = 2,306). Multivariate logistic regressions were employed to estimate associations between purging and outcomes. Four models were fit adjusting for binge eating and potential confounders of these associations. Results In ALSPAC, 9.7% of girls reported purging in the 12-months prior to assessment, 7.3% in GUTS, and 3.5% in NFBC. In all 3 cohorts, purging was associated with adverse outcomes such as binge drinking (ALSPAC: odds ratio (OR) = 2.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.4–2.9; GUTS: OR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.5–4.0; NFBC: OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.0–2.8), drug use (ALSPAC: OR = 2.9, 95% CI = 1.8–4.7; GUTS: OR = 4.5, 95% CI = 2.8–7.3; NFBC: OR = 4.1, 95% CI = 2.6–6.6), depressive symptoms in ALSPAC (OR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.5–3.1) and GUTS(OR = 3.7, 95% CI = 2.2–6.3), and several psychopathology measures including clinical anxiety/depression in NFBC (OR = 11.2, 95% CI = 3.9, 31.7). Conclusions Results show a higher prevalence of purging behaviours among girls in the United Kingdom compared to those in the United States and Finland. Our findings support evidence highlighting that purging in adolescence is associated with negative outcomes, independent of its frequency and binge eating. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12283 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=259

Longitudinal study of symptom severity and language in minimally verbal children with autism / Audrey THURM in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-1 (January 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-1 (January 2015) . - p.97-104 Titre : Longitudinal study of symptom severity and language in minimally verbal children with autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Audrey THURM, Auteur ; Stacy S. MANWARING, Auteur ; Lauren SWINEFORD, Auteur ; Cristan FARMER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.97-104 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Language  autism spectrum disorders  preschool children  assessment  minimally verbal Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background A significant minority of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are considered ‘minimally verbal’ due to language development stagnating at a few words. Recent developments allow for the severity of ASD symptoms to be examined using Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) Social Affect (SA) and Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors (RRB) domain severity scores. The aim of the current study was to explore language outcomes in a cohort of minimally verbal children with autism evaluated through the preschool years and determine if and how ASD symptom severity in core domains predicts the development of spoken language by age 5. Methods The sample consisted of 70 children with autism aged 1–5 years at the first evaluation who were examined at least 1 year later, during their fifth year of age. The ADOS overall level of language item was used to categorize children as minimally verbal or having phrase speech, and the Mullen Scales of Early Learning was used as a continuous measure of expressive language. Results At Time 1, 65% (n = 47) of children in the sample were minimally verbal and by Time 2, 36% (n = 17 of 47) of them had developed phrase speech. While the Time 1 ADOS calibrated severity scores did not predict whether or not a child remained minimally verbal at Time 2, change in the SA calibrated severity score (but not RRB) was predictive of the continuous measure of expressive language. However, change in SA severity no longer predicted continuous expressive language when nonverbal cognitive ability was added to the model. Conclusions Findings indicate that the severity of SA symptoms has some relationship with continuous language outcome, but not categorical. However, the omnipresent influence of nonverbal cognitive ability was confirmed in the current study, as the addition of it to the model rendered null the predictive utility of SA severity. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12285 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=259 [article] Longitudinal study of symptom severity and language in minimally verbal children with autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Audrey THURM, Auteur ; Stacy S. MANWARING, Auteur ; Lauren SWINEFORD, Auteur ; Cristan FARMER, Auteur . - p.97-104. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-1 (January 2015) . - p.97-104 Mots-clés : Language  autism spectrum disorders  preschool children  assessment  minimally verbal Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background A significant minority of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are considered ‘minimally verbal’ due to language development stagnating at a few words. Recent developments allow for the severity of ASD symptoms to be examined using Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) Social Affect (SA) and Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors (RRB) domain severity scores. The aim of the current study was to explore language outcomes in a cohort of minimally verbal children with autism evaluated through the preschool years and determine if and how ASD symptom severity in core domains predicts the development of spoken language by age 5. Methods The sample consisted of 70 children with autism aged 1–5 years at the first evaluation who were examined at least 1 year later, during their fifth year of age. The ADOS overall level of language item was used to categorize children as minimally verbal or having phrase speech, and the Mullen Scales of Early Learning was used as a continuous measure of expressive language. Results At Time 1, 65% (n = 47) of children in the sample were minimally verbal and by Time 2, 36% (n = 17 of 47) of them had developed phrase speech. While the Time 1 ADOS calibrated severity scores did not predict whether or not a child remained minimally verbal at Time 2, change in the SA calibrated severity score (but not RRB) was predictive of the continuous measure of expressive language. However, change in SA severity no longer predicted continuous expressive language when nonverbal cognitive ability was added to the model. Conclusions Findings indicate that the severity of SA symptoms has some relationship with continuous language outcome, but not categorical. However, the omnipresent influence of nonverbal cognitive ability was confirmed in the current study, as the addition of it to the model rendered null the predictive utility of SA severity. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12285 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=259