Dépouillements

Editorial: 'It's a family affair' - the social drivers of child and adolescent resilience / Edmund J. S. SONUGA-BARKE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 60-1 (January 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 60-1 (January 2019) . - p.1-3 Titre : Editorial: 'It's a family affair' - the social drivers of child and adolescent resilience Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Edmund J. S. SONUGA-BARKE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1-3 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Studies of risk and vulnerability processes may provide important ways of identifying new treatment targets - based on the principle that mending something is much easier if you know in what way it is broken. However, in our field, knowing its source may not always tell us about how to remediate impairment. Studies focusing on resilience may be more informative from this perspective. In this editorial I discuss four papers that highlight the value of resilience studies from a translational perspective - in particular contrasting the strengths and limitations of observational and experimental designs. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13011 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=374 [article] Editorial: 'It's a family affair' - the social drivers of child and adolescent resilience [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Edmund J. S. SONUGA-BARKE, Auteur . - p.1-3. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 60-1 (January 2019) . - p.1-3 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Studies of risk and vulnerability processes may provide important ways of identifying new treatment targets - based on the principle that mending something is much easier if you know in what way it is broken. However, in our field, knowing its source may not always tell us about how to remediate impairment. Studies focusing on resilience may be more informative from this perspective. In this editorial I discuss four papers that highlight the value of resilience studies from a translational perspective - in particular contrasting the strengths and limitations of observational and experimental designs. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13011 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=374

Practitioner Review: School refusal: developments in conceptualisation and treatment since 2000 / J. G. ELLIOTT in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 60-1 (January 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 60-1 (January 2019) . - p.4-15 Titre : Practitioner Review: School refusal: developments in conceptualisation and treatment since 2000 Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : J. G. ELLIOTT, Auteur ; M. PLACE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.4-15 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Anxiety  cognitive behaviour therapy  fears  phobias  school attendance  school refusal Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: A generation has passed since the literature on the conceptualisation, assessment and treatment of school refusal was reviewed in this journal (Elliott, ). In the light of considerable gaps in the literature, identified at that time, and growing international interest, the current paper sought to identify progress subsequently made this century. METHODS: We open with discussion of continuing conceptual uncertainty as to whether school refusal should incorporate both truancy and absenteeism marked by anxiety and distress. We then consider progress in treatment, and conclude by examining prognosis and subsequent adult functioning. In selecting intervention studies for review, our primary focus has been upon RCTS, systematic reviews and meta-analyses. RESULTS: The literature review indicates that, since the turn of the century, there has been little substantial advance in knowledge that can guide practitioners. Many of the issues raised in the 1999 paper, in particular, conceptual confusion over this heterogeneous condition, a dearth of rigorous RCT designs, limited knowledge of underlying mechanisms and uncertainty as to the long-term effects of specific forms of intervention, are little clearer than before. CONCLUSIONS: While several sound publications are available to guide intervention for school refusal, there is a continuing need for rigorous studies that can provide evidence to support individualised and tailored responses to an incapacitating problem with many causes and manifestations. While a multisystemic response to intervention approach is considered attractive, the practicalities of operating this across disparate professional borders are likely to present a long-term challenge. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12848 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=374 [article] Practitioner Review: School refusal: developments in conceptualisation and treatment since 2000 [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / J. G. ELLIOTT, Auteur ; M. PLACE, Auteur . - p.4-15. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 60-1 (January 2019) . - p.4-15 Mots-clés : Anxiety  cognitive behaviour therapy  fears  phobias  school attendance  school refusal Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: A generation has passed since the literature on the conceptualisation, assessment and treatment of school refusal was reviewed in this journal (Elliott, ). In the light of considerable gaps in the literature, identified at that time, and growing international interest, the current paper sought to identify progress subsequently made this century. METHODS: We open with discussion of continuing conceptual uncertainty as to whether school refusal should incorporate both truancy and absenteeism marked by anxiety and distress. We then consider progress in treatment, and conclude by examining prognosis and subsequent adult functioning. In selecting intervention studies for review, our primary focus has been upon RCTS, systematic reviews and meta-analyses. RESULTS: The literature review indicates that, since the turn of the century, there has been little substantial advance in knowledge that can guide practitioners. Many of the issues raised in the 1999 paper, in particular, conceptual confusion over this heterogeneous condition, a dearth of rigorous RCT designs, limited knowledge of underlying mechanisms and uncertainty as to the long-term effects of specific forms of intervention, are little clearer than before. CONCLUSIONS: While several sound publications are available to guide intervention for school refusal, there is a continuing need for rigorous studies that can provide evidence to support individualised and tailored responses to an incapacitating problem with many causes and manifestations. While a multisystemic response to intervention approach is considered attractive, the practicalities of operating this across disparate professional borders are likely to present a long-term challenge. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12848 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=374

Research Review: Test-retest reliability of standardized diagnostic interviews to assess child and adolescent psychiatric disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis / L. DUNCAN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 60-1 (January 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 60-1 (January 2019) . - p.16-29 Titre : Research Review: Test-retest reliability of standardized diagnostic interviews to assess child and adolescent psychiatric disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : L. DUNCAN, Auteur ; J. COMEAU, Auteur ; L. WANG, Auteur ; I. VITOROULIS, Auteur ; Michael H. BOYLE, Auteur ; Kathryn J. BENNETT, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.16-29 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Reliability  adolescent  child  meta-analysis  psychiatric disorders  structured interviews  systematic review Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: A better understanding of factors contributing to the observed variability in estimates of test-retest reliability in published studies on standardized diagnostic interviews (SDI) is needed. The objectives of this systematic review and meta-analysis were to estimate the pooled test-retest reliability for parent and youth assessments of seven common disorders, and to examine sources of between-study heterogeneity in reliability. METHODS: Following a systematic review of the literature, multilevel random effects meta-analyses were used to analyse 202 reliability estimates (Cohen's kappa = ) from 31 eligible studies and 5,369 assessments of 3,344 children and youth. RESULTS: Pooled reliability was moderate at = .58 (CI 95% 0.53-0.63) and between-study heterogeneity was substantial (Q = 2,063 (df = 201), p < .001 and I(2) = 79%). In subgroup analysis, reliability varied across informants for specific types of psychiatric disorder ( = .53-.69 for parent vs. = .39-.68 for youth) with estimates significantly higher for parents on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder and the broad groupings of externalizing and any disorder. Reliability was also significantly higher in studies with indicators of poor or fair study methodology quality (sample size <50, retest interval <7 days). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings raise important questions about the meaningfulness of published evidence on the test-retest reliability of SDIs and the usefulness of these tools in both clinical and research contexts. Potential remedies include the introduction of standardized study and reporting requirements for reliability studies, and exploration of other approaches to assessing and classifying child and adolescent psychiatric disorder. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12876 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=374 [article] Research Review: Test-retest reliability of standardized diagnostic interviews to assess child and adolescent psychiatric disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / L. DUNCAN, Auteur ; J. COMEAU, Auteur ; L. WANG, Auteur ; I. VITOROULIS, Auteur ; Michael H. BOYLE, Auteur ; Kathryn J. BENNETT, Auteur . - p.16-29. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 60-1 (January 2019) . - p.16-29 Mots-clés : Reliability  adolescent  child  meta-analysis  psychiatric disorders  structured interviews  systematic review Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: A better understanding of factors contributing to the observed variability in estimates of test-retest reliability in published studies on standardized diagnostic interviews (SDI) is needed. The objectives of this systematic review and meta-analysis were to estimate the pooled test-retest reliability for parent and youth assessments of seven common disorders, and to examine sources of between-study heterogeneity in reliability. METHODS: Following a systematic review of the literature, multilevel random effects meta-analyses were used to analyse 202 reliability estimates (Cohen's kappa = ) from 31 eligible studies and 5,369 assessments of 3,344 children and youth. RESULTS: Pooled reliability was moderate at = .58 (CI 95% 0.53-0.63) and between-study heterogeneity was substantial (Q = 2,063 (df = 201), p < .001 and I(2) = 79%). In subgroup analysis, reliability varied across informants for specific types of psychiatric disorder ( = .53-.69 for parent vs. = .39-.68 for youth) with estimates significantly higher for parents on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder and the broad groupings of externalizing and any disorder. Reliability was also significantly higher in studies with indicators of poor or fair study methodology quality (sample size <50, retest interval <7 days). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings raise important questions about the meaningfulness of published evidence on the test-retest reliability of SDIs and the usefulness of these tools in both clinical and research contexts. Potential remedies include the introduction of standardized study and reporting requirements for reliability studies, and exploration of other approaches to assessing and classifying child and adolescent psychiatric disorder. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12876 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=374

Maternal depression impacts child psychopathology across the first decade of life: Oxytocin and synchrony as markers of resilience / A. PRIEL in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 60-1 (January 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 60-1 (January 2019) . - p.30-42 Titre : Maternal depression impacts child psychopathology across the first decade of life: Oxytocin and synchrony as markers of resilience Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : A. PRIEL, Auteur ; A. DJALOVSKI, Auteur ; O. ZAGOORY-SHARON, Auteur ; R. FELDMAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.30-42 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Maternal depression  child psychopathology  longitudinal studies  oxytocin  resilience  synchrony Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: While maternal depression is known to carry long-term negative consequences for offspring, very few studies followed children longitudinally to address markers of resilience in the context of maternal depression. We focused on oxytocin (OT) and mother-child synchrony - the biological and behavioral arms of the neurobiology of affiliation - as correlates of resilience among children of depressed mothers. METHOD: A community birth-cohort was recruited on the second postbirth day and repeatedly assessed for maternal depression across the first year. At 6 and 10 years, mothers and children underwent psychiatric diagnosis, mother-child interactions were coded for maternal sensitivity, child social engagement, and mother-child synchrony, children's OT assayed, and externalizing and internalizing problems reported. RESULTS: Exposure to maternal depression markedly increased child propensity to develop Axis-I disorder at 6 and 10 years. Child OT showed main effects for both maternal depression and child psychiatric disorder at 6 and 10 years, with maternal or child psychopathology attenuating OT response. In contrast, maternal depression decreased synchrony at 6 years but by 10 years synchrony showed only child disorder effect, highlighting the shift from direct to indirect effects as children grow older. Path analysis linking maternal depression to child externalizing and internalizing problems at 10 years controlling for 6-year variables indicated that depression linked with decreased maternal sensitivity and child OT, which predicted reduced child engagement and synchrony, leading to higher externalizing and internalizing problems. OT and synchrony mediated the effects of maternal depression on child behavior problems and an alternative model without these resilience components provided less adequate fit. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal depression continues to play a role in children's development beyond infancy. The mediating effects of OT and synchronous, mutually regulated interactions underscore the role of plasticity in resilience. Results emphasize the need to follow children of depressed mothers across middle childhood and construct interventions that bolster age-appropriate synchrony. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12880 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=374 [article] Maternal depression impacts child psychopathology across the first decade of life: Oxytocin and synchrony as markers of resilience [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / A. PRIEL, Auteur ; A. DJALOVSKI, Auteur ; O. ZAGOORY-SHARON, Auteur ; R. FELDMAN, Auteur . - p.30-42. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 60-1 (January 2019) . - p.30-42 Mots-clés : Maternal depression  child psychopathology  longitudinal studies  oxytocin  resilience  synchrony Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: While maternal depression is known to carry long-term negative consequences for offspring, very few studies followed children longitudinally to address markers of resilience in the context of maternal depression. We focused on oxytocin (OT) and mother-child synchrony - the biological and behavioral arms of the neurobiology of affiliation - as correlates of resilience among children of depressed mothers. METHOD: A community birth-cohort was recruited on the second postbirth day and repeatedly assessed for maternal depression across the first year. At 6 and 10 years, mothers and children underwent psychiatric diagnosis, mother-child interactions were coded for maternal sensitivity, child social engagement, and mother-child synchrony, children's OT assayed, and externalizing and internalizing problems reported. RESULTS: Exposure to maternal depression markedly increased child propensity to develop Axis-I disorder at 6 and 10 years. Child OT showed main effects for both maternal depression and child psychiatric disorder at 6 and 10 years, with maternal or child psychopathology attenuating OT response. In contrast, maternal depression decreased synchrony at 6 years but by 10 years synchrony showed only child disorder effect, highlighting the shift from direct to indirect effects as children grow older. Path analysis linking maternal depression to child externalizing and internalizing problems at 10 years controlling for 6-year variables indicated that depression linked with decreased maternal sensitivity and child OT, which predicted reduced child engagement and synchrony, leading to higher externalizing and internalizing problems. OT and synchrony mediated the effects of maternal depression on child behavior problems and an alternative model without these resilience components provided less adequate fit. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal depression continues to play a role in children's development beyond infancy. The mediating effects of OT and synchronous, mutually regulated interactions underscore the role of plasticity in resilience. Results emphasize the need to follow children of depressed mothers across middle childhood and construct interventions that bolster age-appropriate synchrony. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12880 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=374

Infant temperament reactivity and early maternal caregiving: independent and interactive links to later childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms / N. V. MILLER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 60-1 (January 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 60-1 (January 2019) . - p.43-53 Titre : Infant temperament reactivity and early maternal caregiving: independent and interactive links to later childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : N. V. MILLER, Auteur ; Kathryn A. DEGNAN, Auteur ; A. A. HANE, Auteur ; N. A. FOX, Auteur ; A. CHRONIS-TUSCANO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.43-53 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder  infancy  parenting  temperament Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with origins early in life. There is growing evidence that individual differences in temperament reactivity are predictive of ADHD symptoms, yet little is known about the relations between temperament reactivity in early infancy and later ADHD symptoms or the combined effect of reactivity with early environmental factors on ADHD symptom development. Using a 9-year prospective longitudinal design, this study tested the independent and interactive contributions of infant reactivity and maternal caregiving behaviors (MCB) on parent- and teacher-reported childhood ADHD symptoms. METHODS: Participants included 291 children (135 male; 156 female) who participated in a larger study of temperament and social-emotional development. Reactivity was assessed by behavioral observation of negative affect, positive affect, and motor activity during novel stimuli presentations at 4 months of age. MCB were observed during a series of semistructured mother-infant tasks at 9 months of age. Finally, ADHD symptoms were assessed by parent- and teacher-report questionnaires at 7 and 9 years, respectively. RESULTS: Reactivity was predictive of ADHD symptoms, but results were sex specific. For boys, infant motor activity was positively predictive of later ADHD symptoms, but only at lower quality MCB. For girls, infant positive affect was positively predictive of later ADHD symptoms at lower quality MCB, and-unexpectedly-infant positive affect and motor activity were negatively predictive of later ADHD symptoms at higher quality MCB. CONCLUSIONS: These results point to early parenting as a moderating factor to mitigate temperament-related risk for later ADHD, suggesting this as a potential intervention target to mitigate risk for ADHD among reactive infants. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12934 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=374 [article] Infant temperament reactivity and early maternal caregiving: independent and interactive links to later childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / N. V. MILLER, Auteur ; Kathryn A. DEGNAN, Auteur ; A. A. HANE, Auteur ; N. A. FOX, Auteur ; A. CHRONIS-TUSCANO, Auteur . - p.43-53. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 60-1 (January 2019) . - p.43-53 Mots-clés : Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder  infancy  parenting  temperament Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with origins early in life. There is growing evidence that individual differences in temperament reactivity are predictive of ADHD symptoms, yet little is known about the relations between temperament reactivity in early infancy and later ADHD symptoms or the combined effect of reactivity with early environmental factors on ADHD symptom development. Using a 9-year prospective longitudinal design, this study tested the independent and interactive contributions of infant reactivity and maternal caregiving behaviors (MCB) on parent- and teacher-reported childhood ADHD symptoms. METHODS: Participants included 291 children (135 male; 156 female) who participated in a larger study of temperament and social-emotional development. Reactivity was assessed by behavioral observation of negative affect, positive affect, and motor activity during novel stimuli presentations at 4 months of age. MCB were observed during a series of semistructured mother-infant tasks at 9 months of age. Finally, ADHD symptoms were assessed by parent- and teacher-report questionnaires at 7 and 9 years, respectively. RESULTS: Reactivity was predictive of ADHD symptoms, but results were sex specific. For boys, infant motor activity was positively predictive of later ADHD symptoms, but only at lower quality MCB. For girls, infant positive affect was positively predictive of later ADHD symptoms at lower quality MCB, and-unexpectedly-infant positive affect and motor activity were negatively predictive of later ADHD symptoms at higher quality MCB. CONCLUSIONS: These results point to early parenting as a moderating factor to mitigate temperament-related risk for later ADHD, suggesting this as a potential intervention target to mitigate risk for ADHD among reactive infants. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12934 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=374

The impact of school support on depression among adolescent orphans: a cluster-randomized trial in Kenya / E. P. GREEN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 60-1 (January 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 60-1 (January 2019) . - p.54-62 Titre : The impact of school support on depression among adolescent orphans: a cluster-randomized trial in Kenya Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : E. P. GREEN, Auteur ; H. CHO, Auteur ; J. GALLIS, Auteur ; E. S. PUFFER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.54-62 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Kenya  Orphan  depression  school support Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to determine if a school support intervention for adolescent orphans in Kenya had effects on mental health, a secondary outcome. METHODS: In this paper, we analyzed data from a 4-year cluster-randomized trial of a school support intervention (school uniforms, school fees, and nurse visits) conducted with orphaned adolescents in Siaya County, western Kenya, who were about to transition to secondary school. 26 primary schools were randomized (1:1) to intervention (410 students) or control (425 students) arms. The study was longitudinal with annual repeated measures collected over 4 years from 2011 to 2014. We administered five items from the 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale Revised, a self-reported depression screening instrument. RESULTS: The intervention prevented depression severity scores from increasing over time among adolescents recruited from intervention schools. There was no evidence of treatment heterogeneity by gender or baseline depression status. The intervention effect on depression was partially mediated by higher levels of continuous school enrollment among the intervention group, but this mediated effect was small. CONCLUSIONS: School support for orphans may help to buffer against the onset or worsening of depression symptoms over time, promoting resilience among an important at-risk population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12955 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=374 [article] The impact of school support on depression among adolescent orphans: a cluster-randomized trial in Kenya [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / E. P. GREEN, Auteur ; H. CHO, Auteur ; J. GALLIS, Auteur ; E. S. PUFFER, Auteur . - p.54-62. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 60-1 (January 2019) . - p.54-62 Mots-clés : Kenya  Orphan  depression  school support Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to determine if a school support intervention for adolescent orphans in Kenya had effects on mental health, a secondary outcome. METHODS: In this paper, we analyzed data from a 4-year cluster-randomized trial of a school support intervention (school uniforms, school fees, and nurse visits) conducted with orphaned adolescents in Siaya County, western Kenya, who were about to transition to secondary school. 26 primary schools were randomized (1:1) to intervention (410 students) or control (425 students) arms. The study was longitudinal with annual repeated measures collected over 4 years from 2011 to 2014. We administered five items from the 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale Revised, a self-reported depression screening instrument. RESULTS: The intervention prevented depression severity scores from increasing over time among adolescents recruited from intervention schools. There was no evidence of treatment heterogeneity by gender or baseline depression status. The intervention effect on depression was partially mediated by higher levels of continuous school enrollment among the intervention group, but this mediated effect was small. CONCLUSIONS: School support for orphans may help to buffer against the onset or worsening of depression symptoms over time, promoting resilience among an important at-risk population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12955 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=374

Preventive parenting intervention during childhood and young black adults' unhealthful behaviors: a randomized controlled trial / Gene H. BRODY in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 60-1 (January 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 60-1 (January 2019) . - p.63-71 Titre : Preventive parenting intervention during childhood and young black adults' unhealthful behaviors: a randomized controlled trial Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Gene H. BRODY, Auteur ; T. YU, Auteur ; G. E. MILLER, Auteur ; K. B. EHRLICH, Auteur ; Edith CHEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.63-71 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Black Americans  body weight  parent-child relations  preventive intervention  substance use Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : OBJECTIVE: Lifestyle variables such as drug use and excessive weight gain contribute to adult morbidity and mortality. This study was designed to determine whether participation in a preventive intervention designed to enhance supportive parenting can reduce drug use and body mass index (BMI) in young Black adults from disadvantaged neighborhoods. METHOD: This study was conducted in the rural southeastern United States. Black parents and their 11-year-old children (517 families) were assigned randomly to the Strong African American Families (SAAF) prevention trial or a control condition. Data assessing neighborhood socioeconomic status and supportive parenting were obtained when the youths were ages 11 and 16. When youths were ages 19-21 and 25, drug use and BMI were measured. RESULTS: As hypothesized, significant three-way interactions were detected among neighborhood disadvantage, prevention condition, and gender for BMI (B = 3.341, p = .009, 95% CI [0.832, 5.849]) and substance use (B = -0.169, p = .049, 95% CI [-0.337, -0.001]). Living in a disadvantaged neighborhood during adolescence was associated with increased drug use among young men in the control group (simple-slope = 0.215, p < .003) but not among those in the SAAF condition (simple-slope = 0.030, p = .650). Neighborhood disadvantage was associated with elevated BMI among young women in the control group (simple-slope = 3.343, p < .001), but not in the SAAF condition (simple-slope = 0.204, p = .820). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that participation during childhood in a preventive intervention to enhance supportive parenting can ameliorate the effects of life in a disadvantaged neighborhood on men's drug use and women's BMI across ages 19-25 years. These findings suggest a possible role for parenting enhancement programs in narrowing health disparities. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12968 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=374 [article] Preventive parenting intervention during childhood and young black adults' unhealthful behaviors: a randomized controlled trial [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Gene H. BRODY, Auteur ; T. YU, Auteur ; G. E. MILLER, Auteur ; K. B. EHRLICH, Auteur ; Edith CHEN, Auteur . - p.63-71. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 60-1 (January 2019) . - p.63-71 Mots-clés : Black Americans  body weight  parent-child relations  preventive intervention  substance use Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : OBJECTIVE: Lifestyle variables such as drug use and excessive weight gain contribute to adult morbidity and mortality. This study was designed to determine whether participation in a preventive intervention designed to enhance supportive parenting can reduce drug use and body mass index (BMI) in young Black adults from disadvantaged neighborhoods. METHOD: This study was conducted in the rural southeastern United States. Black parents and their 11-year-old children (517 families) were assigned randomly to the Strong African American Families (SAAF) prevention trial or a control condition. Data assessing neighborhood socioeconomic status and supportive parenting were obtained when the youths were ages 11 and 16. When youths were ages 19-21 and 25, drug use and BMI were measured. RESULTS: As hypothesized, significant three-way interactions were detected among neighborhood disadvantage, prevention condition, and gender for BMI (B = 3.341, p = .009, 95% CI [0.832, 5.849]) and substance use (B = -0.169, p = .049, 95% CI [-0.337, -0.001]). Living in a disadvantaged neighborhood during adolescence was associated with increased drug use among young men in the control group (simple-slope = 0.215, p < .003) but not among those in the SAAF condition (simple-slope = 0.030, p = .650). Neighborhood disadvantage was associated with elevated BMI among young women in the control group (simple-slope = 3.343, p < .001), but not in the SAAF condition (simple-slope = 0.204, p = .820). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that participation during childhood in a preventive intervention to enhance supportive parenting can ameliorate the effects of life in a disadvantaged neighborhood on men's drug use and women's BMI across ages 19-25 years. These findings suggest a possible role for parenting enhancement programs in narrowing health disparities. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12968 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=374

Violence exposure in an urban city: A GxE interaction with aggressive and impulsive behaviors / R. J. MUSCI in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 60-1 (January 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 60-1 (January 2019) . - p.72-81 Titre : Violence exposure in an urban city: A GxE interaction with aggressive and impulsive behaviors Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : R. J. MUSCI, Auteur ; Amie F. BETTENCOURT, Auteur ; D. SISTO, Auteur ; B. MAHER, Auteur ; K. MASYN, Auteur ; N. S. IALONGO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.72-81 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Aggression  genetics  molecular  violence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Previous research has demonstrated a reciprocal relationship between community violence exposure and disruptive behavior problems among youth. No study to date, however, has explored the potential interaction between violence exposure in early adolescence and genetics. METHODS: We explore the gene x environment interaction's impact on teacher-rated aggressive and impulsive behaviors. Violence exposure during the middle school years was assessed using self-report. Genetic data collection occurred in emerging adulthood. A polygenic score was created using findings from a conduct disorder symptomatology genome-wide association study. RESULTS: Three longitudinal classes of teacher reported aggressive and impulsive behavior were identified. We found a significant relationship between violence exposure and class membership. There was a significant GxE interaction, such that those with below average levels of the polygenic score and who were exposed to violence were more likely to be in the moderately high aggressive and impulsive class as compared to the no to low class. CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the influence of genetic risk together with violence exposure on adolescent problem behavior. Although youth may have little control over the environments in which they live, interventions can and should focus on helping all youth. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12966 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=374 [article] Violence exposure in an urban city: A GxE interaction with aggressive and impulsive behaviors [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / R. J. MUSCI, Auteur ; Amie F. BETTENCOURT, Auteur ; D. SISTO, Auteur ; B. MAHER, Auteur ; K. MASYN, Auteur ; N. S. IALONGO, Auteur . - p.72-81. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 60-1 (January 2019) . - p.72-81 Mots-clés : Aggression  genetics  molecular  violence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Previous research has demonstrated a reciprocal relationship between community violence exposure and disruptive behavior problems among youth. No study to date, however, has explored the potential interaction between violence exposure in early adolescence and genetics. METHODS: We explore the gene x environment interaction's impact on teacher-rated aggressive and impulsive behaviors. Violence exposure during the middle school years was assessed using self-report. Genetic data collection occurred in emerging adulthood. A polygenic score was created using findings from a conduct disorder symptomatology genome-wide association study. RESULTS: Three longitudinal classes of teacher reported aggressive and impulsive behavior were identified. We found a significant relationship between violence exposure and class membership. There was a significant GxE interaction, such that those with below average levels of the polygenic score and who were exposed to violence were more likely to be in the moderately high aggressive and impulsive class as compared to the no to low class. CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the influence of genetic risk together with violence exposure on adolescent problem behavior. Although youth may have little control over the environments in which they live, interventions can and should focus on helping all youth. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12966 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=374

Reduced reward responsiveness moderates the effect of maternal depression on depressive symptoms in offspring: evidence across levels of analysis / A. KUJAWA in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 60-1 (January 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 60-1 (January 2019) . - p.82-90 Titre : Reduced reward responsiveness moderates the effect of maternal depression on depressive symptoms in offspring: evidence across levels of analysis Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : A. KUJAWA, Auteur ; G. HAJCAK, Auteur ; D. N. KLEIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.82-90 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adolescence  depression  event-related potentials  maternal depression  resilience  reward  vulnerability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Reduced reward responsiveness (RR) may contribute to depression vulnerability. At the neurophysiological level, RR is reliably and validly assessed using the reward positivity (RewP) event-related potential component. We previously identified a blunted RewP in 9-year-old children at high risk for depression due to maternal depression, but the role of RR in pathways from parental history to the development of depressive symptoms has not been examined. METHODS: At age 9, never-depressed children (N = 369) completed a task in which RewP was measured in response to monetary reward and loss feedback. Parental history of depression was assessed using semistructured interviews, and children reported on their depressive symptoms. At age 12, youth depressive symptoms were reassessed, along with a self-report measure of RR. We tested RR as a moderator of the effects of parental depression on depressive symptoms at age 12, using both neurophysiological and self-report measures and controlling for age 9 symptoms. RESULTS: Main effects of RR and interactions with maternal depression were significant. Maternal depression predicted greater depressive symptoms in youth with blunted and average RewP but was not a significant predictor in youth with an enhanced RewP. A similar pattern was observed for self-reported RR. The two measures of RR were not correlated with each other and accounted for unique variance in symptoms. Interactions between RR and paternal depression were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced RR, as measured by neurophysiology and self-report, moderates the effects of maternal depression on depressive symptoms in offspring. Assessment of RR along with risk factors such as parental depression may aid in identifying children at greatest risk and enhancing RR could be a potential target for prevention. Results highlight the utility of multimethod approaches for advancing understanding of depression risk. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12944 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=374 [article] Reduced reward responsiveness moderates the effect of maternal depression on depressive symptoms in offspring: evidence across levels of analysis [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / A. KUJAWA, Auteur ; G. HAJCAK, Auteur ; D. N. KLEIN, Auteur . - p.82-90. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 60-1 (January 2019) . - p.82-90 Mots-clés : adolescence  depression  event-related potentials  maternal depression  resilience  reward  vulnerability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Reduced reward responsiveness (RR) may contribute to depression vulnerability. At the neurophysiological level, RR is reliably and validly assessed using the reward positivity (RewP) event-related potential component. We previously identified a blunted RewP in 9-year-old children at high risk for depression due to maternal depression, but the role of RR in pathways from parental history to the development of depressive symptoms has not been examined. METHODS: At age 9, never-depressed children (N = 369) completed a task in which RewP was measured in response to monetary reward and loss feedback. Parental history of depression was assessed using semistructured interviews, and children reported on their depressive symptoms. At age 12, youth depressive symptoms were reassessed, along with a self-report measure of RR. We tested RR as a moderator of the effects of parental depression on depressive symptoms at age 12, using both neurophysiological and self-report measures and controlling for age 9 symptoms. RESULTS: Main effects of RR and interactions with maternal depression were significant. Maternal depression predicted greater depressive symptoms in youth with blunted and average RewP but was not a significant predictor in youth with an enhanced RewP. A similar pattern was observed for self-reported RR. The two measures of RR were not correlated with each other and accounted for unique variance in symptoms. Interactions between RR and paternal depression were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced RR, as measured by neurophysiology and self-report, moderates the effects of maternal depression on depressive symptoms in offspring. Assessment of RR along with risk factors such as parental depression may aid in identifying children at greatest risk and enhancing RR could be a potential target for prevention. Results highlight the utility of multimethod approaches for advancing understanding of depression risk. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12944 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=374

What distinguishes adolescents with suicidal thoughts from those who have attempted suicide? A population-based birth cohort study / B. MARS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 60-1 (January 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 60-1 (January 2019) . - p.91-99 Titre : What distinguishes adolescents with suicidal thoughts from those who have attempted suicide? A population-based birth cohort study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : B. MARS, Auteur ; J. HERON, Auteur ; E. D. KLONSKY, Auteur ; P. MORAN, Auteur ; R. C. O'CONNOR, Auteur ; K. TILLING, Auteur ; P. WILKINSON, Auteur ; D. GUNNELL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.91-99 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Alspac  Suicide attempt  ideation  self-harm  suicidal thoughts Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Only one-third of young people who experience suicidal ideation attempt suicide. It is important to identify factors which differentiate those who attempt suicide from those who experience suicidal ideation but do not act on these thoughts. METHODS: Participants were 4,772 members of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a UK population-based birth cohort. Suicide ideation and attempts were assessed at age 16 years via self-report questionnaire. Multinomial regression was used to examine associations between factors that differentiated adolescents in three groups: no suicidal ideation or attempts, suicidal ideation only and suicide attempts. Analyses were conducted on an imputed data set based on those with complete outcome data (suicidal thoughts and attempts) at age 16 years (N = 4,772). RESULTS: The lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempts in the sample was 9.6% and 6.8% respectively. Compared to adolescents who had experienced suicidal ideation, those who attempted suicide were more likely to report exposure to self-harm in others (adjusted OR for family member self-harm: 1.95, for friend self-harm: 2.61 and for both family and friend self-harm: 5.26). They were also more likely to have a psychiatric disorder (adjusted OR for depression: 3.63; adjusted OR for anxiety disorder: 2.20; adjusted OR for behavioural disorder: 2.90). Other risk factors included female gender, lower IQ, higher impulsivity, higher intensity seeking, lower conscientiousness, a greater number of life events, body dissatisfaction, hopelessness, smoking and illicit drug use (excluding cannabis). CONCLUSIONS: The extent of exposure to self-harm in others and the presence of psychiatric disorder most clearly differentiate adolescents who attempt suicide from those who only experience suicidal ideation. Further longitudinal research is needed to explore whether these risk factors predict progression from suicidal ideation to attempts over time. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12878 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=374 [article] What distinguishes adolescents with suicidal thoughts from those who have attempted suicide? A population-based birth cohort study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / B. MARS, Auteur ; J. HERON, Auteur ; E. D. KLONSKY, Auteur ; P. MORAN, Auteur ; R. C. O'CONNOR, Auteur ; K. TILLING, Auteur ; P. WILKINSON, Auteur ; D. GUNNELL, Auteur . - p.91-99. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 60-1 (January 2019) . - p.91-99 Mots-clés : Alspac  Suicide attempt  ideation  self-harm  suicidal thoughts Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Only one-third of young people who experience suicidal ideation attempt suicide. It is important to identify factors which differentiate those who attempt suicide from those who experience suicidal ideation but do not act on these thoughts. METHODS: Participants were 4,772 members of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a UK population-based birth cohort. Suicide ideation and attempts were assessed at age 16 years via self-report questionnaire. Multinomial regression was used to examine associations between factors that differentiated adolescents in three groups: no suicidal ideation or attempts, suicidal ideation only and suicide attempts. Analyses were conducted on an imputed data set based on those with complete outcome data (suicidal thoughts and attempts) at age 16 years (N = 4,772). RESULTS: The lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempts in the sample was 9.6% and 6.8% respectively. Compared to adolescents who had experienced suicidal ideation, those who attempted suicide were more likely to report exposure to self-harm in others (adjusted OR for family member self-harm: 1.95, for friend self-harm: 2.61 and for both family and friend self-harm: 5.26). They were also more likely to have a psychiatric disorder (adjusted OR for depression: 3.63; adjusted OR for anxiety disorder: 2.20; adjusted OR for behavioural disorder: 2.90). Other risk factors included female gender, lower IQ, higher impulsivity, higher intensity seeking, lower conscientiousness, a greater number of life events, body dissatisfaction, hopelessness, smoking and illicit drug use (excluding cannabis). CONCLUSIONS: The extent of exposure to self-harm in others and the presence of psychiatric disorder most clearly differentiate adolescents who attempt suicide from those who only experience suicidal ideation. Further longitudinal research is needed to explore whether these risk factors predict progression from suicidal ideation to attempts over time. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12878 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=374

No better than chance? Developments in predicting adolescent suicide, a commentary on Mars et al. (2018) and Beckman et al. (2018) / R. SEDGWICK in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 60-1 (January 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 60-1 (January 2019) . - p.100-101 Titre : No better than chance? Developments in predicting adolescent suicide, a commentary on Mars et al. (2018) and Beckman et al. (2018) Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : R. SEDGWICK, Auteur ; D. OUGRIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.100-101 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Suicide is the second leading cause of death in young people aged 10-24 globally (Patton et al., 2009) and it is therefore of vital importance that we understand more about how to identify those at risk. Many of those who proceed to die by suicide will not have interacted with mental health services (Kidger et al., 2012), and therefore predictors of suicide attempts and completed suicides are relevant not only to mental health services but also to schools and communities. Despite years of research, it continues to be challenging to identify those young people who undergo transition from thinking about suicide to attempting suicide as well as those young people who undergo transition from self-harm to completed suicide. This commentary will look at the two accompanying papers by Mars et al. (2018) and Beckman et al. (2018); which seek to increase our understanding of which children and young people may proceed to engage with self-harm and die by suicide. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12982 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=374 [article] No better than chance? Developments in predicting adolescent suicide, a commentary on Mars et al. (2018) and Beckman et al. (2018) [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / R. SEDGWICK, Auteur ; D. OUGRIN, Auteur . - p.100-101. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 60-1 (January 2019) . - p.100-101 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Suicide is the second leading cause of death in young people aged 10-24 globally (Patton et al., 2009) and it is therefore of vital importance that we understand more about how to identify those at risk. Many of those who proceed to die by suicide will not have interacted with mental health services (Kidger et al., 2012), and therefore predictors of suicide attempts and completed suicides are relevant not only to mental health services but also to schools and communities. Despite years of research, it continues to be challenging to identify those young people who undergo transition from thinking about suicide to attempting suicide as well as those young people who undergo transition from self-harm to completed suicide. This commentary will look at the two accompanying papers by Mars et al. (2018) and Beckman et al. (2018); which seek to increase our understanding of which children and young people may proceed to engage with self-harm and die by suicide. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12982 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=374

Good social skills despite poor theory of mind: exploring compensation in autism spectrum disorder / L. A. LIVINGSTON in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 60-1 (January 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 60-1 (January 2019) . - p.102-110 Titre : Good social skills despite poor theory of mind: exploring compensation in autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : L. A. LIVINGSTON, Auteur ; E. COLVERT, Auteur ; Patrick BOLTON, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.102-110 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  adaptation  camouflaging  compensation  compensatory mechanisms  executive function  remediation  theory of mind Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: It is proposed that some individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) can 'compensate' for their underlying difficulties (e.g. in theory of mind; ToM), thus demonstrating relatively few behavioural symptoms, despite continued core cognitive deficits. The mechanisms underpinning compensation are largely unexplored, as is its potential impact on mental health. This study aimed to estimate compensation patterns in ASD, by contrasting overt social behaviour with ToM task performance, in order to compare the characteristics of 'Low' and 'High' Compensators. METHODS: A total of 136 autistic adolescents, from the ongoing Social Relationships Study, completed a range of cognitive tasks, the Autistic Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) and a self-report anxiety questionnaire. Participants were assigned compensation group status; High Compensators demonstrated good ADOS scores despite poor ToM performance, while Low Compensators demonstrated similarly poor ToM, accompanied by poor ADOS scores. RESULTS: High Compensators demonstrated better IQ and executive function (EF), but greater self-reported anxiety, compared with Low Compensators. Such differences were not found when comparing individuals who had good versus poor ADOS scores, when ToM performance was good. Other core autistic characteristics (weak central coherence, nonsocial symptoms) did not differentiate the High and Low Compensators. CONCLUSIONS: IQ, EF and anxiety appear to be implicated in the processes by which certain autistic young people can compensate for their underlying ToM difficulties. This tendency to compensate does not appear to reflect the severity of 'hit' for ASD per se, suggesting that well-compensated individuals are not experiencing a milder form of ASD. The construct of compensation in ASD has implications for research and clinical practice. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12886 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=374 [article] Good social skills despite poor theory of mind: exploring compensation in autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / L. A. LIVINGSTON, Auteur ; E. COLVERT, Auteur ; Patrick BOLTON, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur . - p.102-110. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 60-1 (January 2019) . - p.102-110 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  adaptation  camouflaging  compensation  compensatory mechanisms  executive function  remediation  theory of mind Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: It is proposed that some individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) can 'compensate' for their underlying difficulties (e.g. in theory of mind; ToM), thus demonstrating relatively few behavioural symptoms, despite continued core cognitive deficits. The mechanisms underpinning compensation are largely unexplored, as is its potential impact on mental health. This study aimed to estimate compensation patterns in ASD, by contrasting overt social behaviour with ToM task performance, in order to compare the characteristics of 'Low' and 'High' Compensators. METHODS: A total of 136 autistic adolescents, from the ongoing Social Relationships Study, completed a range of cognitive tasks, the Autistic Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) and a self-report anxiety questionnaire. Participants were assigned compensation group status; High Compensators demonstrated good ADOS scores despite poor ToM performance, while Low Compensators demonstrated similarly poor ToM, accompanied by poor ADOS scores. RESULTS: High Compensators demonstrated better IQ and executive function (EF), but greater self-reported anxiety, compared with Low Compensators. Such differences were not found when comparing individuals who had good versus poor ADOS scores, when ToM performance was good. Other core autistic characteristics (weak central coherence, nonsocial symptoms) did not differentiate the High and Low Compensators. CONCLUSIONS: IQ, EF and anxiety appear to be implicated in the processes by which certain autistic young people can compensate for their underlying ToM difficulties. This tendency to compensate does not appear to reflect the severity of 'hit' for ASD per se, suggesting that well-compensated individuals are not experiencing a milder form of ASD. The construct of compensation in ASD has implications for research and clinical practice. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12886 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=374

Autism's existential crisis: a reflection on Livingston et al. (2018) / J. C. MCPARTLAND in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 60-1 (January 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 60-1 (January 2019) . - p.111-113 Titre : Autism's existential crisis: a reflection on Livingston et al. (2018) Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : J. C. MCPARTLAND, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.111-113 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Livingston and colleagues present an empirical investigation of the compensatory framework describing the autism clinical phenotype as the sum of intrinsic neurocognitive deficits and compensatory mechanisms. This commentary highlights several methodologic features of the study that are pertinent to interpretation and reflects on the reduction of social behavior to cognitive processes. Taken together, the notion of compensation calls into question the validity and utility of the current behavioral diagnosis of autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12989 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=374 [article] Autism's existential crisis: a reflection on Livingston et al. (2018) [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / J. C. MCPARTLAND, Auteur . - p.111-113. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 60-1 (January 2019) . - p.111-113 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Livingston and colleagues present an empirical investigation of the compensatory framework describing the autism clinical phenotype as the sum of intrinsic neurocognitive deficits and compensatory mechanisms. This commentary highlights several methodologic features of the study that are pertinent to interpretation and reflects on the reduction of social behavior to cognitive processes. Taken together, the notion of compensation calls into question the validity and utility of the current behavioral diagnosis of autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12989 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=374

Erratum in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 60-1 (January 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 60-1 (January 2019) . - p.e1 Titre : Erratum Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Article en page(s) : p.e1 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13013 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=374 [article] Erratum [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - p.e1. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 60-1 (January 2019) . - p.e1 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13013 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=374