Dépouillements

Getting ready for national service: A preliminary investigation of the perspectives of young autistic pre-enlistees and their caregivers on national service / Pei Yun CHAY in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 69 (January 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 69 (January 2020) . - p.101451 Titre : Getting ready for national service: A preliminary investigation of the perspectives of young autistic pre-enlistees and their caregivers on national service Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Pei Yun CHAY, Auteur ; Sin Yean YAM, Auteur ; Christopher Cheng Soon CHEOK, Auteur ; Iliana MAGIATI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.101451 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Autism spectrum disorder  National service  Military  Perspectives  Experiences  Transition  Adults  Enlistees  Conscription  Supports Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : As global rates of diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) rise, so too will the number of young adults with ASD who are conscripted into National Service (NS) programs. Given the current lack of studies investigating how NS programs can support and cater to such individuals, and how young people can be supported and prepared for NS, this preliminary cross-sectional mixed methods study aimed to: (a) examine the perspectives on NS of young autistic men prior to their enlistment; and (b) investigate the expected roles of family, schools and NS organisations in supporting individuals with ASD before and during NS. Participants were 13 Singaporean male pre-enlistees with ASD (aged 15-17) and 34 caregivers. Thematic analyses were conducted on participant responses to open ended questions. Overall, autistic participants reported feeling both unprepared and reluctant to serve NS. The thematic analysis identified two main subthemes for both young pre-enlistees and their caregivers: one relating to anticipated opportunities (organized in two subthemes of personal development and social contributions/ relationships); and one focusing on possible anticipated challenges (organized into common NS and ASD-related challenges). Participants hope and expect family, schools and NS organisations to play a substantial role in supporting autistic individuals in preparation for NS and provided several specific recommendations to create an inter-connected network of preparation and support, with NS organisations playing a primary role. Recommendations to improve how NS programs can better support individuals with ASD are provided. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2019.101451 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=412 [article] Getting ready for national service: A preliminary investigation of the perspectives of young autistic pre-enlistees and their caregivers on national service [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Pei Yun CHAY, Auteur ; Sin Yean YAM, Auteur ; Christopher Cheng Soon CHEOK, Auteur ; Iliana MAGIATI, Auteur . - p.101451. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 69 (January 2020) . - p.101451 Mots-clés : Autism  Autism spectrum disorder  National service  Military  Perspectives  Experiences  Transition  Adults  Enlistees  Conscription  Supports Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : As global rates of diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) rise, so too will the number of young adults with ASD who are conscripted into National Service (NS) programs. Given the current lack of studies investigating how NS programs can support and cater to such individuals, and how young people can be supported and prepared for NS, this preliminary cross-sectional mixed methods study aimed to: (a) examine the perspectives on NS of young autistic men prior to their enlistment; and (b) investigate the expected roles of family, schools and NS organisations in supporting individuals with ASD before and during NS. Participants were 13 Singaporean male pre-enlistees with ASD (aged 15-17) and 34 caregivers. Thematic analyses were conducted on participant responses to open ended questions. Overall, autistic participants reported feeling both unprepared and reluctant to serve NS. The thematic analysis identified two main subthemes for both young pre-enlistees and their caregivers: one relating to anticipated opportunities (organized in two subthemes of personal development and social contributions/ relationships); and one focusing on possible anticipated challenges (organized into common NS and ASD-related challenges). Participants hope and expect family, schools and NS organisations to play a substantial role in supporting autistic individuals in preparation for NS and provided several specific recommendations to create an inter-connected network of preparation and support, with NS organisations playing a primary role. Recommendations to improve how NS programs can better support individuals with ASD are provided. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2019.101451 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=412

Assessment of personal narrative writing in children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder / Elizabeth HILVERT in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 69 (January 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 69 (January 2020) . - p.101453 Titre : Assessment of personal narrative writing in children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Elizabeth HILVERT, Auteur ; Denise DAVIDSON, Auteur ; Perla B. GÁMEZ, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.101453 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Writing  Personal narrative  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Theory of mind Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Research has demonstrated that writing may be challenging for many children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD; Mayes & Calhoun, 2006). In our study, we used linguistic analysis to identify and examine the personal narrative writing skills of children with ASD in comparison to neurotypical (NT) children. Method This study included 22 children with ASD and 22?NT children. Groups did not differ in terms of age, IQ, and language. Writing samples were coded and compared for aspects of microstructure (e.g., lexical and syntactic complexity, errors) and macrostructure (e.g., quality, or ratings of coherence, structure, and content). We also examined the link between theory of mind (ToM) and personal narrative writing. Of interest was whether ToM uniquely predicted writing performance after controlling for diagnostic group, chronological age, and language ability. Results The texts of children with ASD were less syntactically diverse, contained more grammatical errors, and were reduced in overall quality compared to NT children. However, children with ASD did not differ from NT children in terms of lexical complexity, frequency of writing conventions errors, and use of evaluative devices. Overall, ToM uniquely predicted syntactic complexity and text quality in children. Conclusions Study findings showed that children with ASD demonstrate some challenges with personal narrative writing compared to NT children. Additionally, difficulty with narrative writing was linked to poorer ToM performance, particularly in children with ASD. Findings highlight the utility of obtaining a variety of writing outcomes, as well as mechanisms related to writing, when evaluating writing for educational decisions. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2019.101453 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=412 [article] Assessment of personal narrative writing in children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Elizabeth HILVERT, Auteur ; Denise DAVIDSON, Auteur ; Perla B. GÁMEZ, Auteur . - p.101453. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 69 (January 2020) . - p.101453 Mots-clés : Writing  Personal narrative  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Theory of mind Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Research has demonstrated that writing may be challenging for many children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD; Mayes & Calhoun, 2006). In our study, we used linguistic analysis to identify and examine the personal narrative writing skills of children with ASD in comparison to neurotypical (NT) children. Method This study included 22 children with ASD and 22?NT children. Groups did not differ in terms of age, IQ, and language. Writing samples were coded and compared for aspects of microstructure (e.g., lexical and syntactic complexity, errors) and macrostructure (e.g., quality, or ratings of coherence, structure, and content). We also examined the link between theory of mind (ToM) and personal narrative writing. Of interest was whether ToM uniquely predicted writing performance after controlling for diagnostic group, chronological age, and language ability. Results The texts of children with ASD were less syntactically diverse, contained more grammatical errors, and were reduced in overall quality compared to NT children. However, children with ASD did not differ from NT children in terms of lexical complexity, frequency of writing conventions errors, and use of evaluative devices. Overall, ToM uniquely predicted syntactic complexity and text quality in children. Conclusions Study findings showed that children with ASD demonstrate some challenges with personal narrative writing compared to NT children. Additionally, difficulty with narrative writing was linked to poorer ToM performance, particularly in children with ASD. Findings highlight the utility of obtaining a variety of writing outcomes, as well as mechanisms related to writing, when evaluating writing for educational decisions. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2019.101453 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=412

Parents’ experiences from participating in an infant sibling study of autism spectrum disorder / Sheila ACHERMANN in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 69 (January 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 69 (January 2020) . - p.101454 Titre : Parents’ experiences from participating in an infant sibling study of autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sheila ACHERMANN, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur ; Terje FALCK-YTTER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.101454 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Infant siblings  Early identification  Ethics  Risk factors Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Prospective longitudinal studies of infant siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) play an important role in advancing our knowledge about early developmental pathways in ASD. Despite this clear benefit, currently little is known about potential risks or disadvantages for participating families. As a first step in addressing this issue, we asked parents about their experiences from participating in an infant sibling study. Method Eighty-eight families responded to a questionnaire examining parents’ experiences from participating in an infant sibling study. The questions assessed parents’ satisfaction with the study, the child’s perceived satisfaction, and the parents’ motivation for participating. The study included parents of two groups, (1) infants with an older sibling diagnosed with ASD (HR, high risk, n?=?43) and (2) infants with no familial history of ASD (LR, low risk, n?=?21). Results The results indicated that parents are generally positive about study participation and few disadvantages were reported. This pattern was mirrored when splitting parents’ responses into the two groups. There was no indication for group differences between parents of infants at high risk and low risk for ASD. Conclusion Our findings present a first step into understanding parents’ experiences from participating in an infant sibling study. Most parents were satisfied with participation in the study and only few disadvantages were reported. Our results have implications for ethical discussions about benefits and risks regarding infant sibling studies in various fields. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2019.101454 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=412 [article] Parents’ experiences from participating in an infant sibling study of autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sheila ACHERMANN, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur ; Terje FALCK-YTTER, Auteur . - p.101454. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 69 (January 2020) . - p.101454 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Infant siblings  Early identification  Ethics  Risk factors Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Prospective longitudinal studies of infant siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) play an important role in advancing our knowledge about early developmental pathways in ASD. Despite this clear benefit, currently little is known about potential risks or disadvantages for participating families. As a first step in addressing this issue, we asked parents about their experiences from participating in an infant sibling study. Method Eighty-eight families responded to a questionnaire examining parents’ experiences from participating in an infant sibling study. The questions assessed parents’ satisfaction with the study, the child’s perceived satisfaction, and the parents’ motivation for participating. The study included parents of two groups, (1) infants with an older sibling diagnosed with ASD (HR, high risk, n?=?43) and (2) infants with no familial history of ASD (LR, low risk, n?=?21). Results The results indicated that parents are generally positive about study participation and few disadvantages were reported. This pattern was mirrored when splitting parents’ responses into the two groups. There was no indication for group differences between parents of infants at high risk and low risk for ASD. Conclusion Our findings present a first step into understanding parents’ experiences from participating in an infant sibling study. Most parents were satisfied with participation in the study and only few disadvantages were reported. Our results have implications for ethical discussions about benefits and risks regarding infant sibling studies in various fields. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2019.101454 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=412

Systematic review of cognitive biases in autism spectrum disorders: A neuropsychological framework towards an understanding of the high prevalence of co-occurring depression / M. Annemiek BERGMAN in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 69 (January 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 69 (January 2020) . - p.101455 Titre : Systematic review of cognitive biases in autism spectrum disorders: A neuropsychological framework towards an understanding of the high prevalence of co-occurring depression Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : M. Annemiek BERGMAN, Auteur ; Aart H. SCHENE, Auteur ; Constance T. W. M. VISSERS, Auteur ; Janna N. VRIJSEN, Auteur ; Cornelis C. KAN, Auteur ; Iris VAN OOSTROM, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.101455 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders  Major depression  Affective stimuli  Information processing bias  Cognitive bias Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Cognitive theories of major depressive disorder (MDD) assume that cognitive biases engender and maintain depressive symptoms. Given the higher prevalence of MDD in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) than in the general population, we performed a structured review of the empirical literature on cognitive biases in ASD to examine the possible role of biases in the increased cognitive vulnerability for MDD. Method We reviewed the recent literature on cognitive biases in individuals with ASD. Literature searches were conducted by using the databases PubMed and PsycInfo consistent with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards. The 31 identified studies meeting our inclusion criteria were evaluated for quality using a modified version of the Systematic Assessment of Quality in Observational Research (SAQOR) rating system. Results The results show that half of the studies included did not find differences in cognitive biases in individuals with ASD compared to controls. In the studies that did establish differences in cognitive bias, individuals with ASD were reported to show less pronounced negative biases. A closer inspection reveals that Theory of Mind demands of the task and developmental age might partially have influenced these results. Importantly, most of the studies included did not control for symptoms of depression and/or anxiety. Conclusions Although, based on the current literature, differential cognitive biases may not be a marker for MDD in ASD, more research is needed taking specific potential confounders, and distorting influences into account. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2019.101455 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=412 [article] Systematic review of cognitive biases in autism spectrum disorders: A neuropsychological framework towards an understanding of the high prevalence of co-occurring depression [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / M. Annemiek BERGMAN, Auteur ; Aart H. SCHENE, Auteur ; Constance T. W. M. VISSERS, Auteur ; Janna N. VRIJSEN, Auteur ; Cornelis C. KAN, Auteur ; Iris VAN OOSTROM, Auteur . - p.101455. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 69 (January 2020) . - p.101455 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders  Major depression  Affective stimuli  Information processing bias  Cognitive bias Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Cognitive theories of major depressive disorder (MDD) assume that cognitive biases engender and maintain depressive symptoms. Given the higher prevalence of MDD in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) than in the general population, we performed a structured review of the empirical literature on cognitive biases in ASD to examine the possible role of biases in the increased cognitive vulnerability for MDD. Method We reviewed the recent literature on cognitive biases in individuals with ASD. Literature searches were conducted by using the databases PubMed and PsycInfo consistent with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards. The 31 identified studies meeting our inclusion criteria were evaluated for quality using a modified version of the Systematic Assessment of Quality in Observational Research (SAQOR) rating system. Results The results show that half of the studies included did not find differences in cognitive biases in individuals with ASD compared to controls. In the studies that did establish differences in cognitive bias, individuals with ASD were reported to show less pronounced negative biases. A closer inspection reveals that Theory of Mind demands of the task and developmental age might partially have influenced these results. Importantly, most of the studies included did not control for symptoms of depression and/or anxiety. Conclusions Although, based on the current literature, differential cognitive biases may not be a marker for MDD in ASD, more research is needed taking specific potential confounders, and distorting influences into account. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2019.101455 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=412

Exploratory study of dorsal visual stream dysfunction in autism; A case series / I. HAY in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 69 (January 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 69 (January 2020) . - p.101456 Titre : Exploratory study of dorsal visual stream dysfunction in autism; A case series Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : I. HAY, Auteur ; G. N. DUTTON, Auteur ; S. BIGGAR, Auteur ; H. IBRAHIM, Auteur ; D. ASSHETON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.101456 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Dorsal visual stream dysfunction  Cerebral visual impairment  motor impairment  Autism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Robust neuroscientific evidence supports the existence of an association between autism and a visual motion processing deficit, arising from dysfunction of the dorsal visual stream, a pathway connecting the primary visual and parieto-occipital cortices. The neuro-ophthalmic consequences of dorsal visual stream dysfunction (DVSD) are well-described but seldom reported: simultanagnosia, optic ataxia (OA), and gaze apraxia. Method The clinical records of thirteen motor-impaired autistic children, with clinical diagnoses of DVSD, were retrospectively reviewed six years after DVSD diagnosis to determine the frequency and severity of their neuro-visual impairment. Two measures to rate severity of visual perceptual impairment were employed: frequency of parent-reported behaviours denoting impaired visual function, given as mean individual Cerebral Visual Impairment Inventory Scores (CVIS), and severity of age-inappropriate configural disruption of drawings, rated on Beery-VMI Visual Motor Integration standard scores (VMIS). Applying the 90th percentile cut-off CVIS of 0.74 for the typical population as marker of normal visual function a CVIS???2.5 indicated very severe impairment. Evidence was also sought for a correlation between central OA and severe motor coordination impairment (MCI), rated by the Beery Motor Coordination assessment, using method agreement analysis. Results Significant correlation between CVIS and VMIS was determined by linear regression analysis: r = -0.81 [95% CI -0.94 to -0.47], p=0.0008. Agreement for MCI? 5th percentile with central OA, determined by Cohen’s weighted Kappa statistic (K), was significant: K?=?1[95% CI: 0.46–1.54], p=0.0002. Conclusions We conclude that mechanisms driving OA (which is defined as ‘impaired visually guided movement’) may underpin severe motor impairment, in autism. CVIS and VMIS may be useful indicators of severity of spatial cognitive impairment. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2019.101456 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=412 [article] Exploratory study of dorsal visual stream dysfunction in autism; A case series [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / I. HAY, Auteur ; G. N. DUTTON, Auteur ; S. BIGGAR, Auteur ; H. IBRAHIM, Auteur ; D. ASSHETON, Auteur . - p.101456. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 69 (January 2020) . - p.101456 Mots-clés : Dorsal visual stream dysfunction  Cerebral visual impairment  motor impairment  Autism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Robust neuroscientific evidence supports the existence of an association between autism and a visual motion processing deficit, arising from dysfunction of the dorsal visual stream, a pathway connecting the primary visual and parieto-occipital cortices. The neuro-ophthalmic consequences of dorsal visual stream dysfunction (DVSD) are well-described but seldom reported: simultanagnosia, optic ataxia (OA), and gaze apraxia. Method The clinical records of thirteen motor-impaired autistic children, with clinical diagnoses of DVSD, were retrospectively reviewed six years after DVSD diagnosis to determine the frequency and severity of their neuro-visual impairment. Two measures to rate severity of visual perceptual impairment were employed: frequency of parent-reported behaviours denoting impaired visual function, given as mean individual Cerebral Visual Impairment Inventory Scores (CVIS), and severity of age-inappropriate configural disruption of drawings, rated on Beery-VMI Visual Motor Integration standard scores (VMIS). Applying the 90th percentile cut-off CVIS of 0.74 for the typical population as marker of normal visual function a CVIS???2.5 indicated very severe impairment. Evidence was also sought for a correlation between central OA and severe motor coordination impairment (MCI), rated by the Beery Motor Coordination assessment, using method agreement analysis. Results Significant correlation between CVIS and VMIS was determined by linear regression analysis: r = -0.81 [95% CI -0.94 to -0.47], p=0.0008. Agreement for MCI? 5th percentile with central OA, determined by Cohen’s weighted Kappa statistic (K), was significant: K?=?1[95% CI: 0.46–1.54], p=0.0002. Conclusions We conclude that mechanisms driving OA (which is defined as ‘impaired visually guided movement’) may underpin severe motor impairment, in autism. CVIS and VMIS may be useful indicators of severity of spatial cognitive impairment. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2019.101456 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=412

Anxiety in adults with autism: Perspectives from practitioners / Kirsty AINSWORTH in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 69 (January 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 69 (January 2020) . - p.101457 Titre : Anxiety in adults with autism: Perspectives from practitioners Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kirsty AINSWORTH, Auteur ; Ashley E. ROBERTSON, Auteur ; Heather WELSH, Auteur ; Matthew DAY, Auteur ; Jane WATT, Auteur ; Fiona BARRY, Auteur ; Andrew STANFIELD, Auteur ; Craig MELVILLE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.101457 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Adults  Anxiety  Thematic analysis  Practitioners Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Autism is a neurodevelopmental condition, characterized by differences in social communication and social interaction as well as restricted interests and repetitive behaviours (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Research has suggested that 50% of adults with autism meet criteria for an anxiety disorder diagnosis (Russell et al., 2013). Despite a call for multidisciplinary insights (White et al., 2018), few studies have included perspectives of practitioners in this field. Method We conducted interviews with eight practitioners (6 Clinical Psychologists, 1 Consultant Clinical Psychologist and 1 Nurse Practitioner) who work with adults with autism and anxiety on a regular basis. Results Via thematic analysis, four key themes were identified: 1. Modifications to psychological therapy 2. Thinking outside the box 3. Continued support 4. Issues with anxiety measures. Conclusion Modification of standard anxiety interventions are common in practice but the course and nature of these modifications are inconsistent and may depend on practitioner experience. Practitioners may consistently have to think inventively in order to best serve adults with autism and anxiety. Current anxiety measures could be improved in order to accurately gauge anxiety, specific to adults with autism. These findings are discussed in relation to practice and future research. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2019.101457 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=412 [article] Anxiety in adults with autism: Perspectives from practitioners [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kirsty AINSWORTH, Auteur ; Ashley E. ROBERTSON, Auteur ; Heather WELSH, Auteur ; Matthew DAY, Auteur ; Jane WATT, Auteur ; Fiona BARRY, Auteur ; Andrew STANFIELD, Auteur ; Craig MELVILLE, Auteur . - p.101457. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 69 (January 2020) . - p.101457 Mots-clés : Autism  Adults  Anxiety  Thematic analysis  Practitioners Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Autism is a neurodevelopmental condition, characterized by differences in social communication and social interaction as well as restricted interests and repetitive behaviours (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Research has suggested that 50% of adults with autism meet criteria for an anxiety disorder diagnosis (Russell et al., 2013). Despite a call for multidisciplinary insights (White et al., 2018), few studies have included perspectives of practitioners in this field. Method We conducted interviews with eight practitioners (6 Clinical Psychologists, 1 Consultant Clinical Psychologist and 1 Nurse Practitioner) who work with adults with autism and anxiety on a regular basis. Results Via thematic analysis, four key themes were identified: 1. Modifications to psychological therapy 2. Thinking outside the box 3. Continued support 4. Issues with anxiety measures. Conclusion Modification of standard anxiety interventions are common in practice but the course and nature of these modifications are inconsistent and may depend on practitioner experience. Practitioners may consistently have to think inventively in order to best serve adults with autism and anxiety. Current anxiety measures could be improved in order to accurately gauge anxiety, specific to adults with autism. These findings are discussed in relation to practice and future research. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2019.101457 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=412

Autism and transgender identity: Implications for depression and anxiety / Jennifer MURPHY in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 69 (January 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 69 (January 2020) . - p.101466 Titre : Autism and transgender identity: Implications for depression and anxiety Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jennifer MURPHY, Auteur ; Freya PRENTICE, Auteur ; Reubs J. WALSH, Auteur ; Caroline CATMUR, Auteur ; Geoffrey BIRD, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.101466 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Gender identity  Autism  Transgender  Gender variance  Depression  Anxiety Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic traits are over-represented in transgender populations, and gender variance is high in autistic individuals. Furthermore, some evidence suggests that the autism/transgender overlap is limited to individuals sex assigned female. Few studies, however, have investigated the impact of this overlap on mental health. This study therefore sought to investigate whether the autism/transgender overlap confers an increased risk of depression or anxiety. An online study of 727 individuals revealed a substantial overlap between transgender identity and autism, with increased autistic traits found in trans men compared to trans women. Depression and anxiety were highest in autistic-trans individuals, but no superadditive effect was observed. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the wider healthcare system. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2019.101466 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=412 [article] Autism and transgender identity: Implications for depression and anxiety [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jennifer MURPHY, Auteur ; Freya PRENTICE, Auteur ; Reubs J. WALSH, Auteur ; Caroline CATMUR, Auteur ; Geoffrey BIRD, Auteur . - p.101466. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 69 (January 2020) . - p.101466 Mots-clés : Gender identity  Autism  Transgender  Gender variance  Depression  Anxiety Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic traits are over-represented in transgender populations, and gender variance is high in autistic individuals. Furthermore, some evidence suggests that the autism/transgender overlap is limited to individuals sex assigned female. Few studies, however, have investigated the impact of this overlap on mental health. This study therefore sought to investigate whether the autism/transgender overlap confers an increased risk of depression or anxiety. An online study of 727 individuals revealed a substantial overlap between transgender identity and autism, with increased autistic traits found in trans men compared to trans women. Depression and anxiety were highest in autistic-trans individuals, but no superadditive effect was observed. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the wider healthcare system. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2019.101466 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=412

Challenging child behaviours positively predict symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder in parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Rare Diseases / Michelle STEWART in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 69 (January 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 69 (January 2020) . - p.101467 Titre : Challenging child behaviours positively predict symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder in parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Rare Diseases Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Michelle STEWART, Auteur ; Alexandra SCHNABEL, Auteur ; David J. HALLFORD, Auteur ; Jane A. MCGILLIVRAY, Auteur ; David FORBES, Auteur ; Madeline FOSTER, Auteur ; Kerrie SHANDLEY, Auteur ; Madeleine GARDAM, Auteur ; David W. AUSTIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.101467 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  ASD  Rare diseases  Traumatic stress  Trauma  PTSD Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background This study investigated the validity of conceptualising elevated stress in parents of children who exhibit challenging behaviour within the framework of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It was hypothesised that parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and parents of children with a rare disease would endorse greater PTSD symptomatology than parents of typically developing (TD) children, and that challenging child behaviours would positively predict PTSD symptomatology. Method The Life Events Checklist for DSM-5, Developmental Behaviour Checklist (Parent) and PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 were administered to 395 parents. Results Significantly more PTSD symptomatology was reported by parents of children with ASD and parents of children with a rare disease than parents of TD children, and challenging child behaviours positively predicted PTSD symptomatology in both groups. Conclusion A PTSD framework may validly explain elevated stress among some parents of children with ASD and parents of children with a rare disease, and has important implications for support delivered to parents by healthcare providers. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2019.101467 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=412 [article] Challenging child behaviours positively predict symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder in parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Rare Diseases [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Michelle STEWART, Auteur ; Alexandra SCHNABEL, Auteur ; David J. HALLFORD, Auteur ; Jane A. MCGILLIVRAY, Auteur ; David FORBES, Auteur ; Madeline FOSTER, Auteur ; Kerrie SHANDLEY, Auteur ; Madeleine GARDAM, Auteur ; David W. AUSTIN, Auteur . - p.101467. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 69 (January 2020) . - p.101467 Mots-clés : Autism  ASD  Rare diseases  Traumatic stress  Trauma  PTSD Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background This study investigated the validity of conceptualising elevated stress in parents of children who exhibit challenging behaviour within the framework of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It was hypothesised that parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and parents of children with a rare disease would endorse greater PTSD symptomatology than parents of typically developing (TD) children, and that challenging child behaviours would positively predict PTSD symptomatology. Method The Life Events Checklist for DSM-5, Developmental Behaviour Checklist (Parent) and PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 were administered to 395 parents. Results Significantly more PTSD symptomatology was reported by parents of children with ASD and parents of children with a rare disease than parents of TD children, and challenging child behaviours positively predicted PTSD symptomatology in both groups. Conclusion A PTSD framework may validly explain elevated stress among some parents of children with ASD and parents of children with a rare disease, and has important implications for support delivered to parents by healthcare providers. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2019.101467 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=412

Identifying comorbid ADHD in autism: Attending to the inattentive presentation / Srishti RAU in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 69 (January 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 69 (January 2020) . - p.101468 Titre : Identifying comorbid ADHD in autism: Attending to the inattentive presentation Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Srishti RAU, Auteur ; Mary F. SKAPEK, Auteur ; Kaitlyn TIPLADY, Auteur ; Sydney SEESE, Auteur ; Alison BURNS, Auteur ; Anna Chelsea ARMOUR, Auteur ; Lauren KENWORTHY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.101468 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ASD  ADHD  Comorbidity  Assessment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background There are high rates of comorbidity between ADHD and ASD; however, there has been limited work parsing rates by ADHD presentation. In addition, commonly used questionnaires have demonstrated reduced utility in capturing ADHD symptoms in individuals with ASD. We examined the prevalence of comorbid Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) parsed by DSM-5 presentation in clinic-referred youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) without intellectual disability (ID). We compared common rating scales to determine which most effectively identified comorbid ADHD. Method We examined comorbid ADHD diagnoses from archival assessment data for 419 youth with ASD without ID. We examined diagnostic discriminability of the parent and teacher ADHD Rating Scale (ADHD R-S), and Attention and ADH Problems Scales of the Child Behavior Checklist and Teacher Report Form using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Hierarchical logistic regression was used to examine measures’ unique contribution to ADHD diagnosis. Results Sixty-one percent of the study sample met DSM-5 criteria for an attention disorder. ADHD, Combined (ADHD-C) represented the largest proportion of ADHD diagnoses (76.8%), followed by Inattentive (ADHD-I;19.7%), Hyperactive/Impulsive (.02%), and Un-/Other Specified (.02%). Measures provided greater diagnostic discriminability in identifying ADHD-C relative to ADHD-I. The ADHD R-S inattentive symptom count provided the greatest discriminability for both subtypes and was the only scale that provided clinically meaningful differentiation between those with ASD only and ASD?+?ADHD-I. Conclusions These results support using the ADHD R-S to capture comorbid ADHD symptoms in ASD. The findings underscore the need for more thorough examination of inattentive symptoms to rule out ADHD-I. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2019.101468 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=412 [article] Identifying comorbid ADHD in autism: Attending to the inattentive presentation [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Srishti RAU, Auteur ; Mary F. SKAPEK, Auteur ; Kaitlyn TIPLADY, Auteur ; Sydney SEESE, Auteur ; Alison BURNS, Auteur ; Anna Chelsea ARMOUR, Auteur ; Lauren KENWORTHY, Auteur . - p.101468. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 69 (January 2020) . - p.101468 Mots-clés : ASD  ADHD  Comorbidity  Assessment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background There are high rates of comorbidity between ADHD and ASD; however, there has been limited work parsing rates by ADHD presentation. In addition, commonly used questionnaires have demonstrated reduced utility in capturing ADHD symptoms in individuals with ASD. We examined the prevalence of comorbid Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) parsed by DSM-5 presentation in clinic-referred youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) without intellectual disability (ID). We compared common rating scales to determine which most effectively identified comorbid ADHD. Method We examined comorbid ADHD diagnoses from archival assessment data for 419 youth with ASD without ID. We examined diagnostic discriminability of the parent and teacher ADHD Rating Scale (ADHD R-S), and Attention and ADH Problems Scales of the Child Behavior Checklist and Teacher Report Form using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Hierarchical logistic regression was used to examine measures’ unique contribution to ADHD diagnosis. Results Sixty-one percent of the study sample met DSM-5 criteria for an attention disorder. ADHD, Combined (ADHD-C) represented the largest proportion of ADHD diagnoses (76.8%), followed by Inattentive (ADHD-I;19.7%), Hyperactive/Impulsive (.02%), and Un-/Other Specified (.02%). Measures provided greater diagnostic discriminability in identifying ADHD-C relative to ADHD-I. The ADHD R-S inattentive symptom count provided the greatest discriminability for both subtypes and was the only scale that provided clinically meaningful differentiation between those with ASD only and ASD?+?ADHD-I. Conclusions These results support using the ADHD R-S to capture comorbid ADHD symptoms in ASD. The findings underscore the need for more thorough examination of inattentive symptoms to rule out ADHD-I. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2019.101468 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=412