Brain morphology, autistic traits, and polygenic risk for autism: A population-based neuroimaging study / Silvia ALEMANY in Autism Research, 14-10 (October 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-10 (October 2021) . - p.2085-2099 Titre : Brain morphology, autistic traits, and polygenic risk for autism: A population-based neuroimaging study Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Silvia ALEMANY, Auteur ; Elisabet BLOK, Auteur ; Philip R. JANSEN, Auteur ; Ryan L. MUETZEL, Auteur ; Tiffany C. WHITE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2085-2099 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnostic imaging/genetics  Autistic Disorder/diagnostic imaging/genetics  Brain/diagnostic imaging  Child  Humans  Magnetic Resonance Imaging  Neuroimaging  autism  cortical thickness  genetics  gyrification  surface area Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are associated with widespread brain alterations. Previous research in our group linked autistic traits with altered gyrification, but without pronounced differences in cortical thickness. Herein, we aim to replicate and extend these findings using a larger and older sample. Additionally, we examined whether (a) brain correlates of autistic traits were associated with polygenic risk scores (PRS) for ASD, and (b) autistic traits are related with brain morphological changes over time in a subset of children with longitudinal data available. The sample included 2400 children from the Generation R cohort. Autistic traits were measured using the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) at age 6 years. Gyrification, cortical thickness, surface area, and global morphological measures were obtained from high-resolution structural MRI scans at ages 9-to-12 years. We performed multiple linear regression analyses on a vertex-wise level. Corresponding regions of interest were tested for association with PRS. Results showed that autistic traits were related to (a) lower gyrification in the lateral occipital and the superior and inferior parietal lobes, (b) lower cortical thickness in the superior frontal region, and (c) lower surface area in inferior temporal and rostral middle frontal regions. PRS for ASD and longitudinal analyses showed significant associations that did not survive correction for multiple testing. Our findings support stability in the relationship between higher autistic symptoms and lower gyrification and smaller surface areas in school-aged children. These relationships remained when excluding ASD cases, providing neurobiological evidence for the extension of autistic traits into the general population. LAY SUMMARY: We found that school-aged children with higher levels of autistic traits had smaller total brain volume, cerebellum, cortical thickness, and surface area. Further, we also found differences in the folding patterns of the brain (gyrification). Overall, genetic susceptibility for autism spectrum disorders was not related to these brain regions suggesting that other factors could be involved in their origin. These results remained significant when excluding children with a diagnosis of ASD, providing support for the extension of the relationship between autistic traits and brain findings into the general population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2576 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450 [article] Brain morphology, autistic traits, and polygenic risk for autism: A population-based neuroimaging study [texte imprimé] / Silvia ALEMANY, Auteur ; Elisabet BLOK, Auteur ; Philip R. JANSEN, Auteur ; Ryan L. MUETZEL, Auteur ; Tiffany C. WHITE, Auteur . - p.2085-2099. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-10 (October 2021) . - p.2085-2099 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnostic imaging/genetics  Autistic Disorder/diagnostic imaging/genetics  Brain/diagnostic imaging  Child  Humans  Magnetic Resonance Imaging  Neuroimaging  autism  cortical thickness  genetics  gyrification  surface area Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are associated with widespread brain alterations. Previous research in our group linked autistic traits with altered gyrification, but without pronounced differences in cortical thickness. Herein, we aim to replicate and extend these findings using a larger and older sample. Additionally, we examined whether (a) brain correlates of autistic traits were associated with polygenic risk scores (PRS) for ASD, and (b) autistic traits are related with brain morphological changes over time in a subset of children with longitudinal data available. The sample included 2400 children from the Generation R cohort. Autistic traits were measured using the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) at age 6 years. Gyrification, cortical thickness, surface area, and global morphological measures were obtained from high-resolution structural MRI scans at ages 9-to-12 years. We performed multiple linear regression analyses on a vertex-wise level. Corresponding regions of interest were tested for association with PRS. Results showed that autistic traits were related to (a) lower gyrification in the lateral occipital and the superior and inferior parietal lobes, (b) lower cortical thickness in the superior frontal region, and (c) lower surface area in inferior temporal and rostral middle frontal regions. PRS for ASD and longitudinal analyses showed significant associations that did not survive correction for multiple testing. Our findings support stability in the relationship between higher autistic symptoms and lower gyrification and smaller surface areas in school-aged children. These relationships remained when excluding ASD cases, providing neurobiological evidence for the extension of autistic traits into the general population. LAY SUMMARY: We found that school-aged children with higher levels of autistic traits had smaller total brain volume, cerebellum, cortical thickness, and surface area. Further, we also found differences in the folding patterns of the brain (gyrification). Overall, genetic susceptibility for autism spectrum disorders was not related to these brain regions suggesting that other factors could be involved in their origin. These results remained significant when excluding children with a diagnosis of ASD, providing support for the extension of the relationship between autistic traits and brain findings into the general population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2576 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450

Childhood sleep disturbances and white matter microstructure in preadolescence / Tessa A. MULDER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 60-11 (November 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 60-11 (November 2019) . - p.1242-1250 Titre : Childhood sleep disturbances and white matter microstructure in preadolescence Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Tessa A. MULDER, Auteur ; Desana KOCEVSKA, Auteur ; Ryan L. MUETZEL, Auteur ; Maria Elisabeth KOOPMAN-VERHOEFF, Auteur ; Manon H.J. HILLEGERS, Auteur ; Tiffany C. WHITE, Auteur ; Henning TIEMEIER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1242-1250 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Dti  Sleep problems  repeated measurements  white matter microstructure Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Sleep problems occur in up to 30% of children and have been associated with adverse developmental outcomes. However, due to a lack of longitudinal neuroimaging studies, the neurobiological changes that may underlie some of these associations have remained unclear. This study explored the association between sleep problems during childhood and white matter (WM) microstructure in preadolescence. METHODS: Children from the population-based birth cohort, the Generation R Study, who had repeatedly assessed sleep problems between 1.5 and 10 years of age and a MRI scan at age 10 (N = 2,449), were included. Mothers reported on their child's sleep problems using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL 1.5-5) when children were 1.5, 3, and 6 years of age. At age 2, mothers completed very similar questions. At age 10, both children and their mothers reported on sleep problems. We used whole-brain and tract-specific fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) values obtained through diffusion tensor imaging as measures of WM microstructure. RESULTS: Childhood sleep problems at 1.5, 2, and 6 years of age were associated with less WM microstructural integrity (approximately 0.05 SD lower global FA score per 1-SD sleep problems). In repeated-measures analyses, children with more sleep problems (per 1-SD) at baseline had lower FA values at age 10 in particular in the corticospinal tract (-0.12 SD, 95% CI:-0.20;-0.05), the uncinate fasciculus (-0.12 SD, 95% CI:-0.19;-0.05), and the forceps major (-0.11 SD, 95% CI:-0.18;-0.03), although effect estimates across the tracts did not differ substantially. CONCLUSIONS: Childhood sleep disturbances are associated with less WM microstructural integrity in preadolescence. Our results show that early neurodevelopment may be a period of particular vulnerability to sleep problems. This study cannot demonstrate causality but suggests that preventive interventions addressing sleep problems should be further explored to test whether they impact adverse neurodevelopment. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13085 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=408 [article] Childhood sleep disturbances and white matter microstructure in preadolescence [texte imprimé] / Tessa A. MULDER, Auteur ; Desana KOCEVSKA, Auteur ; Ryan L. MUETZEL, Auteur ; Maria Elisabeth KOOPMAN-VERHOEFF, Auteur ; Manon H.J. HILLEGERS, Auteur ; Tiffany C. WHITE, Auteur ; Henning TIEMEIER, Auteur . - p.1242-1250. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 60-11 (November 2019) . - p.1242-1250 Mots-clés : Dti  Sleep problems  repeated measurements  white matter microstructure Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Sleep problems occur in up to 30% of children and have been associated with adverse developmental outcomes. However, due to a lack of longitudinal neuroimaging studies, the neurobiological changes that may underlie some of these associations have remained unclear. This study explored the association between sleep problems during childhood and white matter (WM) microstructure in preadolescence. METHODS: Children from the population-based birth cohort, the Generation R Study, who had repeatedly assessed sleep problems between 1.5 and 10 years of age and a MRI scan at age 10 (N = 2,449), were included. Mothers reported on their child's sleep problems using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL 1.5-5) when children were 1.5, 3, and 6 years of age. At age 2, mothers completed very similar questions. At age 10, both children and their mothers reported on sleep problems. We used whole-brain and tract-specific fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) values obtained through diffusion tensor imaging as measures of WM microstructure. RESULTS: Childhood sleep problems at 1.5, 2, and 6 years of age were associated with less WM microstructural integrity (approximately 0.05 SD lower global FA score per 1-SD sleep problems). In repeated-measures analyses, children with more sleep problems (per 1-SD) at baseline had lower FA values at age 10 in particular in the corticospinal tract (-0.12 SD, 95% CI:-0.20;-0.05), the uncinate fasciculus (-0.12 SD, 95% CI:-0.19;-0.05), and the forceps major (-0.11 SD, 95% CI:-0.18;-0.03), although effect estimates across the tracts did not differ substantially. CONCLUSIONS: Childhood sleep disturbances are associated with less WM microstructural integrity in preadolescence. Our results show that early neurodevelopment may be a period of particular vulnerability to sleep problems. This study cannot demonstrate causality but suggests that preventive interventions addressing sleep problems should be further explored to test whether they impact adverse neurodevelopment. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13085 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=408

Cognitive performance in children and adolescents with psychopathology traits: A cross-sectional multicohort study in the general population / Elisabet BLOK in Development and Psychopathology, 35-2 (May 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 35-2 (May 2023) . - p.926-940 Titre : Cognitive performance in children and adolescents with psychopathology traits: A cross-sectional multicohort study in the general population Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Elisabet BLOK, Auteur ; Isabel K. SCHUURMANS, Auteur ; Anne J. TIJBURG, Auteur ; Manon H.J. HILLEGERS, Auteur ; Maria Elisabeth KOOPMAN-VERHOEFF, Auteur ; Ryan L. MUETZEL, Auteur ; Henning TIEMEIER, Auteur ; Tonya WHITE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.926-940 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adolescence  childhood  cognition  Child Behavior Checklist  psychopathology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Psychopathology and cognitive development are closely related. Assessing the relationship between multiple domains of psychopathology and cognitive performance can elucidate which cognitive tasks are related to specific domains of psychopathology. This can help build theory and improve clinical decision-making in the future. In this study, we included 13,841 children and adolescents drawn from two large population-based samples (Generation R and ABCD studies). We assessed the cross-sectional relationship between three psychopathology domains (internalizing, externalizing, dysregulation profile (DP)) and four cognitive domains (vocabulary, fluid reasoning, working memory, and processing speed) and the full-scale intelligence quotient. Lastly, differential associations between symptoms of psychopathology and cognitive performance by sex were assessed. Results indicated that internalizing symptoms were related to worse performance in working memory and processing speed, but better performance in the verbal domain. Externalizing and DP symptoms were related to poorer global cognitive performance. Notably, those in the DP subgroup had a 5.0 point lower IQ than those without behavioral problems. Cognitive performance was more heavily affected in boys than in girls given comparable levels of psychopathology. Taken together, we provide evidence for globally worse cognitive performance in children and adolescents with externalizing and DP symptoms, with those in the DP subgroup being most heavily affected. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579422000165 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=504 [article] Cognitive performance in children and adolescents with psychopathology traits: A cross-sectional multicohort study in the general population [texte imprimé] / Elisabet BLOK, Auteur ; Isabel K. SCHUURMANS, Auteur ; Anne J. TIJBURG, Auteur ; Manon H.J. HILLEGERS, Auteur ; Maria Elisabeth KOOPMAN-VERHOEFF, Auteur ; Ryan L. MUETZEL, Auteur ; Henning TIEMEIER, Auteur ; Tonya WHITE, Auteur . - p.926-940. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 35-2 (May 2023) . - p.926-940 Mots-clés : adolescence  childhood  cognition  Child Behavior Checklist  psychopathology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Psychopathology and cognitive development are closely related. Assessing the relationship between multiple domains of psychopathology and cognitive performance can elucidate which cognitive tasks are related to specific domains of psychopathology. This can help build theory and improve clinical decision-making in the future. In this study, we included 13,841 children and adolescents drawn from two large population-based samples (Generation R and ABCD studies). We assessed the cross-sectional relationship between three psychopathology domains (internalizing, externalizing, dysregulation profile (DP)) and four cognitive domains (vocabulary, fluid reasoning, working memory, and processing speed) and the full-scale intelligence quotient. Lastly, differential associations between symptoms of psychopathology and cognitive performance by sex were assessed. Results indicated that internalizing symptoms were related to worse performance in working memory and processing speed, but better performance in the verbal domain. Externalizing and DP symptoms were related to poorer global cognitive performance. Notably, those in the DP subgroup had a 5.0 point lower IQ than those without behavioral problems. Cognitive performance was more heavily affected in boys than in girls given comparable levels of psychopathology. Taken together, we provide evidence for globally worse cognitive performance in children and adolescents with externalizing and DP symptoms, with those in the DP subgroup being most heavily affected. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579422000165 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=504

Connecting the dots: social networks in the classroom and white matter connections in the brain / Rosa H. MULDER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 63-12 (December 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 63-12 (December 2022) . - p.1622-1630 Titre : Connecting the dots: social networks in the classroom and white matter connections in the brain Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Rosa H. MULDER, Auteur ; Monica LOPEZ-VICENTE, Auteur ; Andrea P. CORTES HIDALGO, Auteur ; Lisa R. STEENKAMP, Auteur ; Berna GUROÄŽLU, Auteur ; Henning TIEMEIER, Auteur ; Ryan L. MUETZEL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1622-1630 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Child  Humans  White Matter/diagnostic imaging  Diffusion Tensor Imaging  Cross-Sectional Studies  Brain/diagnostic imaging  Social Networking  Bullying behavior  Generation R Study  brain imaging  peer acceptance  peer rejection  peer victimization  white matter microstructure Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Peer connections in school classrooms play an important role in social-emotional development and mental health. However, research on the association between children's peer relationships and white matter connections in the brain is scarce. We studied associations between peer relationships in the classroom and white matter structural connectivity in a pediatric population-based sample. METHODS: Bullying and victimization, as well as rejection and acceptance, were assessed in classrooms in 634 children at age 7. White matter microstructure (fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD)) was measured with diffusion tensor imaging at age 10. We examined global metrics of white matter microstructure and used Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) for voxel-wise associations. RESULTS: Peer victimization was associated with higher global FA and lower global MD and peer rejection was associated with lower global MD; however, these associations did not remain after multiple testing correction. Voxel-wise TBSS results for peer victimization and rejection were in line with global metrics both in terms of direction and spatial extent of the associations, with associated voxels (p(FWE) <.05) observed throughout the brain (including corpus callosum, corona radiata, sagittal stratum and superior longitudinal fasciculi). CONCLUSIONS: Although based only on cross-sectional data, the findings could indicate accelerated white matter microstructure maturation in certain brain areas of children who are victimized or rejected more often. However, repeated measurements are essential to unravel this complex interplay of peer connections, maturation and brain development over time. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13647 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=490 [article] Connecting the dots: social networks in the classroom and white matter connections in the brain [texte imprimé] / Rosa H. MULDER, Auteur ; Monica LOPEZ-VICENTE, Auteur ; Andrea P. CORTES HIDALGO, Auteur ; Lisa R. STEENKAMP, Auteur ; Berna GUROÄŽLU, Auteur ; Henning TIEMEIER, Auteur ; Ryan L. MUETZEL, Auteur . - p.1622-1630. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 63-12 (December 2022) . - p.1622-1630 Mots-clés : Child  Humans  White Matter/diagnostic imaging  Diffusion Tensor Imaging  Cross-Sectional Studies  Brain/diagnostic imaging  Social Networking  Bullying behavior  Generation R Study  brain imaging  peer acceptance  peer rejection  peer victimization  white matter microstructure Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Peer connections in school classrooms play an important role in social-emotional development and mental health. However, research on the association between children's peer relationships and white matter connections in the brain is scarce. We studied associations between peer relationships in the classroom and white matter structural connectivity in a pediatric population-based sample. METHODS: Bullying and victimization, as well as rejection and acceptance, were assessed in classrooms in 634 children at age 7. White matter microstructure (fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD)) was measured with diffusion tensor imaging at age 10. We examined global metrics of white matter microstructure and used Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) for voxel-wise associations. RESULTS: Peer victimization was associated with higher global FA and lower global MD and peer rejection was associated with lower global MD; however, these associations did not remain after multiple testing correction. Voxel-wise TBSS results for peer victimization and rejection were in line with global metrics both in terms of direction and spatial extent of the associations, with associated voxels (p(FWE) <.05) observed throughout the brain (including corpus callosum, corona radiata, sagittal stratum and superior longitudinal fasciculi). CONCLUSIONS: Although based only on cross-sectional data, the findings could indicate accelerated white matter microstructure maturation in certain brain areas of children who are victimized or rejected more often. However, repeated measurements are essential to unravel this complex interplay of peer connections, maturation and brain development over time. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13647 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=490

Insensitive parenting may accelerate the development of the amygdala–medial prefrontal cortex circuit / Sandra THIJSSEN in Development and Psychopathology, 29-2 (May 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 29-2 (May 2017) . - p.505-518 Titre : Insensitive parenting may accelerate the development of the amygdala–medial prefrontal cortex circuit Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Sandra THIJSSEN, Auteur ; Ryan L. MUETZEL, Auteur ; Marian J. BAKERMANS-KRANENBURG, Auteur ; Vincent W.V. JADDOE, Auteur ; Henning TIEMEIER, Auteur ; Frank C. VERHULST, Auteur ; Tonya WHITE, Auteur ; Marinus H. VAN IJZENDOORN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.505-518 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study examined whether the association between age and amygdala–medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) connectivity in typically developing 6- to 10-year-old children is correlated with parental care. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired from 124 children of the Generation R Study who at 4 years old had been observed interacting with their parents to assess maternal and paternal sensitivity. Amygdala functional connectivity was assessed using a general linear model with the amygdalae time series as explanatory variables. Higher level analyses assessing Sensitivity × Age as well as exploratory Sensitivity × Age × Gender interaction effects were performed restricted to voxels in the mPFC. We found significant Sensitivity × Age interaction effects on amygdala–mPFC connectivity. Age was related to stronger amygdala–mPFC connectivity in children with a lower combined parental sensitivity score (b = 0.11, p = .004, b = 0.06, p = .06, right and left amygdala, respectively), but not in children with a higher parental sensitivity score, (b = –0.07, p = .12, b = –0.06, p = .12, right and left amygdala, respectively). A similar effect was found for maternal sensitivity, with stronger amygdala–mPFC connectivity in children with less sensitive mothers. Exploratory (parental, maternal, paternal) Sensitivity × Age × Gender interaction analyses suggested that this effect was especially pronounced in girls. Amygdala-mPFC resting-state functional connectivity has been shown to increase from age 10.5 years onward, implying that the positive association between age and amygdala–mPFC connectivity in 6- to 10-year-old children of less sensitive parents represents accelerated development of the amygdala–mPFC circuit. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579417000141 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=305 [article] Insensitive parenting may accelerate the development of the amygdala–medial prefrontal cortex circuit [texte imprimé] / Sandra THIJSSEN, Auteur ; Ryan L. MUETZEL, Auteur ; Marian J. BAKERMANS-KRANENBURG, Auteur ; Vincent W.V. JADDOE, Auteur ; Henning TIEMEIER, Auteur ; Frank C. VERHULST, Auteur ; Tonya WHITE, Auteur ; Marinus H. VAN IJZENDOORN, Auteur . - p.505-518. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 29-2 (May 2017) . - p.505-518 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study examined whether the association between age and amygdala–medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) connectivity in typically developing 6- to 10-year-old children is correlated with parental care. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired from 124 children of the Generation R Study who at 4 years old had been observed interacting with their parents to assess maternal and paternal sensitivity. Amygdala functional connectivity was assessed using a general linear model with the amygdalae time series as explanatory variables. Higher level analyses assessing Sensitivity × Age as well as exploratory Sensitivity × Age × Gender interaction effects were performed restricted to voxels in the mPFC. We found significant Sensitivity × Age interaction effects on amygdala–mPFC connectivity. Age was related to stronger amygdala–mPFC connectivity in children with a lower combined parental sensitivity score (b = 0.11, p = .004, b = 0.06, p = .06, right and left amygdala, respectively), but not in children with a higher parental sensitivity score, (b = –0.07, p = .12, b = –0.06, p = .12, right and left amygdala, respectively). A similar effect was found for maternal sensitivity, with stronger amygdala–mPFC connectivity in children with less sensitive mothers. Exploratory (parental, maternal, paternal) Sensitivity × Age × Gender interaction analyses suggested that this effect was especially pronounced in girls. Amygdala-mPFC resting-state functional connectivity has been shown to increase from age 10.5 years onward, implying that the positive association between age and amygdala–mPFC connectivity in 6- to 10-year-old children of less sensitive parents represents accelerated development of the amygdala–mPFC circuit. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579417000141 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=305

A multicohort, longitudinal study of cerebellar development in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder / Philip SHAW in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 59-10 (October 2018)  

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