Cognitive and behavioral differences in toddlers with autism spectrum disorder from multiplex and simplex families / Cheryl DISSANAYAKE in Autism Research, 12-4 (April 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-4 (April 2019) . - p.682-693 Titre : Cognitive and behavioral differences in toddlers with autism spectrum disorder from multiplex and simplex families Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Cheryl DISSANAYAKE, Auteur ; J. SEARLES, Auteur ; Josephine BARBARO, Auteur ; N. SADKA, Auteur ; L. P. LAWSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.682-693 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  autism symptoms  cognition  multiplex  simplex  toddlers Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Prospective, longitudinal designs utilizing "high-risk" infant siblings of children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD-sibs) have provided unique and valuable insights regarding the early ASD phenotype. However, it remains unclear whether these cases are representative of all children with ASD. The objective in the present study was to investigate whether the early development of toddlers with ASD from multiplex (MPX) families, who have an affected older sibling, is similar or different to toddlers with ASD from simplex (SPX) families, where there is no affected sibling. A further aim was to examine patterns of association between autism symptom severity and cognitive functioning within each group to inform possible mechanisms for group similarities/differences. Behavioral and cognitive assessment data from a sample of toddlers with ASD was utilized, comprising 45 MPX, 127 first-born SPX, and 72 later-born SPX toddlers. Participants in the MPX group had significantly higher developmental quotients on the Mullen Scales of Early Learning compared to those in the SPX groups, who did not differ from each other. However, all three groups were similar on their autism severity scores (measured using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule and the Autism Diagnostic Interview), and the pattern of relationships between cognitive ability and autism symptom severity. The results suggest that caution be exercised in generalizing findings from ASD-sib samples to other samples of children with ASD. The higher cognitive abilities in the MPX group, in addition to biological differences, may also be an outcome of family environmental factors, which deserves further investigation. Autism Research 2019, 12: 682-693. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: We sought to establish whether toddlers with autism from families where there is more than one affected child, called multiplex families, are different to children from simplex families, where there is only one affected child, and no other members within the immediate family with an autism diagnosis. We found that while toddlers from multiplex families were similar to those from simplex families in their autism symptoms, they were more developmentally advanced than children in the latter group. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2074 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=389 [article] Cognitive and behavioral differences in toddlers with autism spectrum disorder from multiplex and simplex families [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Cheryl DISSANAYAKE, Auteur ; J. SEARLES, Auteur ; Josephine BARBARO, Auteur ; N. SADKA, Auteur ; L. P. LAWSON, Auteur . - p.682-693. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-4 (April 2019) . - p.682-693 Mots-clés : autism  autism symptoms  cognition  multiplex  simplex  toddlers Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Prospective, longitudinal designs utilizing "high-risk" infant siblings of children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD-sibs) have provided unique and valuable insights regarding the early ASD phenotype. However, it remains unclear whether these cases are representative of all children with ASD. The objective in the present study was to investigate whether the early development of toddlers with ASD from multiplex (MPX) families, who have an affected older sibling, is similar or different to toddlers with ASD from simplex (SPX) families, where there is no affected sibling. A further aim was to examine patterns of association between autism symptom severity and cognitive functioning within each group to inform possible mechanisms for group similarities/differences. Behavioral and cognitive assessment data from a sample of toddlers with ASD was utilized, comprising 45 MPX, 127 first-born SPX, and 72 later-born SPX toddlers. Participants in the MPX group had significantly higher developmental quotients on the Mullen Scales of Early Learning compared to those in the SPX groups, who did not differ from each other. However, all three groups were similar on their autism severity scores (measured using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule and the Autism Diagnostic Interview), and the pattern of relationships between cognitive ability and autism symptom severity. The results suggest that caution be exercised in generalizing findings from ASD-sib samples to other samples of children with ASD. The higher cognitive abilities in the MPX group, in addition to biological differences, may also be an outcome of family environmental factors, which deserves further investigation. Autism Research 2019, 12: 682-693. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: We sought to establish whether toddlers with autism from families where there is more than one affected child, called multiplex families, are different to children from simplex families, where there is only one affected child, and no other members within the immediate family with an autism diagnosis. We found that while toddlers from multiplex families were similar to those from simplex families in their autism symptoms, they were more developmentally advanced than children in the latter group. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2074 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=389

Differences in Cognition and Behaviour in Multiplex and Simplex Autism: Does Prior Experience Raising a Child with Autism Matter? / D. BERENDS in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49-8 (August 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 49-8 (August 2019) . - p.3401-3411 Titre : Differences in Cognition and Behaviour in Multiplex and Simplex Autism: Does Prior Experience Raising a Child with Autism Matter? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : D. BERENDS, Auteur ; Cheryl DISSANAYAKE, Auteur ; L. P. LAWSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3401-3411 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Cognition  Multiplex  Parent experience  Simplex Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous research has found multiplex (MPX) children have an advantage in cognition compared to simplex (SPX) children. However, MPX parent's previous experience with older diagnosed siblings has not been considered. We used a large database sample to investigate the MPX advantage and contribution of birth order. Children from the Autism Genetic Resource Exchange (AGRE) were stratified into first- (MPX(1), n = 152) and second-affected MPX (MPX(2), n = 143), SPX (n = 111), and only-child SPX (SPX(OC), n = 23) groups. Both MPX groups had higher cognitive scores compared to SPX groups, with no differences between MPX(1) and MPX(2) groups. No differences were found for autism symptoms or adaptive behaviour. These results suggest parent experience due to birth order is an unlikely contributor to the MPX cognitive advantage. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04052-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=403 [article] Differences in Cognition and Behaviour in Multiplex and Simplex Autism: Does Prior Experience Raising a Child with Autism Matter? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / D. BERENDS, Auteur ; Cheryl DISSANAYAKE, Auteur ; L. P. LAWSON, Auteur . - p.3401-3411. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 49-8 (August 2019) . - p.3401-3411 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Cognition  Multiplex  Parent experience  Simplex Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous research has found multiplex (MPX) children have an advantage in cognition compared to simplex (SPX) children. However, MPX parent's previous experience with older diagnosed siblings has not been considered. We used a large database sample to investigate the MPX advantage and contribution of birth order. Children from the Autism Genetic Resource Exchange (AGRE) were stratified into first- (MPX(1), n = 152) and second-affected MPX (MPX(2), n = 143), SPX (n = 111), and only-child SPX (SPX(OC), n = 23) groups. Both MPX groups had higher cognitive scores compared to SPX groups, with no differences between MPX(1) and MPX(2) groups. No differences were found for autism symptoms or adaptive behaviour. These results suggest parent experience due to birth order is an unlikely contributor to the MPX cognitive advantage. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04052-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=403

Factors associated with age at autism diagnosis in a community sample of Australian adults / Y. HUANG in Autism Research, 14-12 (December 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-12 (December 2021) . - p.2677-2687 Titre : Factors associated with age at autism diagnosis in a community sample of Australian adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Y. HUANG, Auteur ; Samuel R. C. ARNOLD, Auteur ; K. R. FOLEY, Auteur ; L. P. LAWSON, Auteur ; A. L. RICHDALE, Auteur ; J. N. TROLLOR, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2677-2687 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Aged  Australia/epidemiology  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder/diagnosis/epidemiology  Child  Cross-Sectional Studies  Female  Humans  Longitudinal Studies  adults  aging/ASD in adults  diagnosis  gender/female ASD Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism diagnosis in adulthood has become increasingly common due to a range of factors including changes in awareness, diagnostic criteria, and professional practices. Past research identified a range of demographic and autism-related factors associated with autism diagnosis age in children. However, it is unclear whether these apply to autistic adults. This study aimed to examine predictors of autism diagnosis age in adults while controlling for current age and autistic traits. We used a cross-sectional sample of 657 adults aged 15-80 from three self and carer-report studies: the Australian Longitudinal Study of Autism in Adulthood (ALSAA), Study of Australian School-Leavers with Autism (SASLA) and Pathways, Predictors and Impact of Receiving an Autism Spectrum Diagnosis in Adulthood (Pathways). Using hierarchical multiplicative heteroscedastic regression, we found that older current age and higher self-reported autistic traits predicted older diagnosis age, and that female gender, lack of intellectual disability, language other than English, family history of autism, lifetime depression, and no obsessive-compulsive disorder predicted older diagnosis age beyond current age and autistic traits. The paradoxical relationship between high autistic traits and older diagnosis age requires further investigation. Based on these findings, we recommended strategies to improve autism recognition in women and people from non-English-speaking backgrounds. Future studies could extend the findings by examining the effects of childhood and adulthood socioeconomic status on adult diagnosis age. LAY SUMMARY: We studied the relationship between age at autism diagnosis and other characteristics in adults. We found that both older current age and higher autistic traits, female gender, language other than English, family history of autism, and history of depression were related to older age at diagnosis, while intellectual disability and history of obsessive-compulsive disorder were related to younger age at diagnosis. Our findings suggest more work is needed to help recognize autism in women and people from non-English-speaking backgrounds. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2610 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450 [article] Factors associated with age at autism diagnosis in a community sample of Australian adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Y. HUANG, Auteur ; Samuel R. C. ARNOLD, Auteur ; K. R. FOLEY, Auteur ; L. P. LAWSON, Auteur ; A. L. RICHDALE, Auteur ; J. N. TROLLOR, Auteur . - p.2677-2687. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-12 (December 2021) . - p.2677-2687 Mots-clés : Adult  Aged  Australia/epidemiology  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder/diagnosis/epidemiology  Child  Cross-Sectional Studies  Female  Humans  Longitudinal Studies  adults  aging/ASD in adults  diagnosis  gender/female ASD Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism diagnosis in adulthood has become increasingly common due to a range of factors including changes in awareness, diagnostic criteria, and professional practices. Past research identified a range of demographic and autism-related factors associated with autism diagnosis age in children. However, it is unclear whether these apply to autistic adults. This study aimed to examine predictors of autism diagnosis age in adults while controlling for current age and autistic traits. We used a cross-sectional sample of 657 adults aged 15-80 from three self and carer-report studies: the Australian Longitudinal Study of Autism in Adulthood (ALSAA), Study of Australian School-Leavers with Autism (SASLA) and Pathways, Predictors and Impact of Receiving an Autism Spectrum Diagnosis in Adulthood (Pathways). Using hierarchical multiplicative heteroscedastic regression, we found that older current age and higher self-reported autistic traits predicted older diagnosis age, and that female gender, lack of intellectual disability, language other than English, family history of autism, lifetime depression, and no obsessive-compulsive disorder predicted older diagnosis age beyond current age and autistic traits. The paradoxical relationship between high autistic traits and older diagnosis age requires further investigation. Based on these findings, we recommended strategies to improve autism recognition in women and people from non-English-speaking backgrounds. Future studies could extend the findings by examining the effects of childhood and adulthood socioeconomic status on adult diagnosis age. LAY SUMMARY: We studied the relationship between age at autism diagnosis and other characteristics in adults. We found that both older current age and higher autistic traits, female gender, language other than English, family history of autism, and history of depression were related to older age at diagnosis, while intellectual disability and history of obsessive-compulsive disorder were related to younger age at diagnosis. Our findings suggest more work is needed to help recognize autism in women and people from non-English-speaking backgrounds. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2610 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450

Gender Differences During Toddlerhood in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Prospective Community-Based Longitudinal Follow-Up Study / L. P. LAWSON in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48-8 (August 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 48-8 (August 2018) . - p.2619-2628 Titre : Gender Differences During Toddlerhood in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Prospective Community-Based Longitudinal Follow-Up Study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : L. P. LAWSON, Auteur ; R. JOSHI, Auteur ; Josephine BARBARO, Auteur ; Cheryl DISSANAYAKE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2619-2628 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Community based cohort  Gender differences  Longitudinal Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Relatively few studies have examined gender differences in infants and toddlers, and most focus on clinically referred samples or high-risk infant cohorts. The current study aimed to examine gender differences in early autism manifestations and cognitive development in a community-ascertained sample. In total, 46 males and 21 females with ASD were seen at approximately 24 and 48 months of age. No significant gender differences were observed on overall cognitive ability, verbal skills, non-verbal skills, overall autism severity, or restricted repetitive behaviours. However, females were found to exhibit more social communication impairments than males. These findings may indicate that female toddlers with less severe or different, social communication impairments may be more likely to be missed during routine surveillance during toddlerhood. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3516-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=367 [article] Gender Differences During Toddlerhood in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Prospective Community-Based Longitudinal Follow-Up Study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / L. P. LAWSON, Auteur ; R. JOSHI, Auteur ; Josephine BARBARO, Auteur ; Cheryl DISSANAYAKE, Auteur . - p.2619-2628. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 48-8 (August 2018) . - p.2619-2628 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Community based cohort  Gender differences  Longitudinal Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Relatively few studies have examined gender differences in infants and toddlers, and most focus on clinically referred samples or high-risk infant cohorts. The current study aimed to examine gender differences in early autism manifestations and cognitive development in a community-ascertained sample. In total, 46 males and 21 females with ASD were seen at approximately 24 and 48 months of age. No significant gender differences were observed on overall cognitive ability, verbal skills, non-verbal skills, overall autism severity, or restricted repetitive behaviours. However, females were found to exhibit more social communication impairments than males. These findings may indicate that female toddlers with less severe or different, social communication impairments may be more likely to be missed during routine surveillance during toddlerhood. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3516-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=367

Inter-relationships between trait resilience, coping strategies, and mental health outcomes in autistic adults / M. MUNIANDY in Autism Research, 14-10 (October 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-10 (October 2021) . - p.2156-2168 Titre : Inter-relationships between trait resilience, coping strategies, and mental health outcomes in autistic adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : M. MUNIANDY, Auteur ; A. L. RICHDALE, Auteur ; Samuel R. C. ARNOLD, Auteur ; J. N. TROLLOR, Auteur ; L. P. LAWSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2156-2168 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adaptation, Psychological  Adult  Australia  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder  Humans  Outcome Assessment, Health Care  adults  autism  coping  mental health  resilience  stress Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Resilience has been depicted as a key characteristic in the promotion of mental health in the face of stress and adversity. Despite high levels of stress encountered in the autistic population, resilience studies remain scarce. Using data from an Australian longitudinal adult study, this study explored the inter-relationships between trait resilience, coping, and mental health in a sample of autistic adults (N = 78). In particular, we examined the relationship between resilience and use of coping strategies, and the potential mediating role of coping strategies in the relationship between resilience and mental health outcomes. Our findings suggested that increased use of engagement coping (e.g., problem-solving, positive appraisal) and decreased use of disengagement coping (e.g., self-blame, being in denial) strategies were associated with higher levels of resilience. Further, mediation analysis results suggest that disengagement coping mediated the associations between resilience and all three mental health outcomes (i.e., depression, anxiety, and well-being), while engagement coping strategies mediated the relationship between resilience and well-being only. Our results illustrate that coping strategies may be an important mechanism in explaining the resilience-mental health relationship in autistic adults, highlighting the importance of considering stress-related constructs together (i.e., trait resilience and coping) when addressing support and intervention options for mental health difficulties in the autistic adult population. LAY SUMMARY: This research explored how resilience and coping strategies influence the mental health and well-being of autistic adults. We found that resilient autistic adults used more engagement coping strategies, less disengagement coping strategies, and reported better mental health and well-being. Considering stress-related factors together (i.e., resilience and coping) offers a novel perspective to mental health difficulties in autistic adults and may be a vital step in the development of support options in this population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2564 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450 [article] Inter-relationships between trait resilience, coping strategies, and mental health outcomes in autistic adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / M. MUNIANDY, Auteur ; A. L. RICHDALE, Auteur ; Samuel R. C. ARNOLD, Auteur ; J. N. TROLLOR, Auteur ; L. P. LAWSON, Auteur . - p.2156-2168. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-10 (October 2021) . - p.2156-2168 Mots-clés : Adaptation, Psychological  Adult  Australia  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder  Humans  Outcome Assessment, Health Care  adults  autism  coping  mental health  resilience  stress Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Resilience has been depicted as a key characteristic in the promotion of mental health in the face of stress and adversity. Despite high levels of stress encountered in the autistic population, resilience studies remain scarce. Using data from an Australian longitudinal adult study, this study explored the inter-relationships between trait resilience, coping, and mental health in a sample of autistic adults (N = 78). In particular, we examined the relationship between resilience and use of coping strategies, and the potential mediating role of coping strategies in the relationship between resilience and mental health outcomes. Our findings suggested that increased use of engagement coping (e.g., problem-solving, positive appraisal) and decreased use of disengagement coping (e.g., self-blame, being in denial) strategies were associated with higher levels of resilience. Further, mediation analysis results suggest that disengagement coping mediated the associations between resilience and all three mental health outcomes (i.e., depression, anxiety, and well-being), while engagement coping strategies mediated the relationship between resilience and well-being only. Our results illustrate that coping strategies may be an important mechanism in explaining the resilience-mental health relationship in autistic adults, highlighting the importance of considering stress-related constructs together (i.e., trait resilience and coping) when addressing support and intervention options for mental health difficulties in the autistic adult population. LAY SUMMARY: This research explored how resilience and coping strategies influence the mental health and well-being of autistic adults. We found that resilient autistic adults used more engagement coping strategies, less disengagement coping strategies, and reported better mental health and well-being. Considering stress-related factors together (i.e., resilience and coping) offers a novel perspective to mental health difficulties in autistic adults and may be a vital step in the development of support options in this population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2564 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450

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