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Factors associated with age at autism diagnosis in a community sample of Australian adults / Y. HUANG in Autism Research, 14-12 (December 2021)
[article]
Titre : Factors associated with age at autism diagnosis in a community sample of Australian adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Y. HUANG, Auteur ; Samuel R. C. ARNOLD, Auteur ; K. R. FOLEY, Auteur ; L. P. LAWSON, Auteur ; A. L. RICHDALE, Auteur ; J. N. TROLLOR, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2677-2687 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult Aged Australia/epidemiology Autism Spectrum Disorder Autistic Disorder/diagnosis/epidemiology Child Cross-Sectional Studies Female Humans Longitudinal Studies adults aging/ASD in adults diagnosis gender/female ASD Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism diagnosis in adulthood has become increasingly common due to a range of factors including changes in awareness, diagnostic criteria, and professional practices. Past research identified a range of demographic and autism-related factors associated with autism diagnosis age in children. However, it is unclear whether these apply to autistic adults. This study aimed to examine predictors of autism diagnosis age in adults while controlling for current age and autistic traits. We used a cross-sectional sample of 657 adults aged 15-80 from three self and carer-report studies: the Australian Longitudinal Study of Autism in Adulthood (ALSAA), Study of Australian School-Leavers with Autism (SASLA) and Pathways, Predictors and Impact of Receiving an Autism Spectrum Diagnosis in Adulthood (Pathways). Using hierarchical multiplicative heteroscedastic regression, we found that older current age and higher self-reported autistic traits predicted older diagnosis age, and that female gender, lack of intellectual disability, language other than English, family history of autism, lifetime depression, and no obsessive-compulsive disorder predicted older diagnosis age beyond current age and autistic traits. The paradoxical relationship between high autistic traits and older diagnosis age requires further investigation. Based on these findings, we recommended strategies to improve autism recognition in women and people from non-English-speaking backgrounds. Future studies could extend the findings by examining the effects of childhood and adulthood socioeconomic status on adult diagnosis age. LAY SUMMARY: We studied the relationship between age at autism diagnosis and other characteristics in adults. We found that both older current age and higher autistic traits, female gender, language other than English, family history of autism, and history of depression were related to older age at diagnosis, while intellectual disability and history of obsessive-compulsive disorder were related to younger age at diagnosis. Our findings suggest more work is needed to help recognize autism in women and people from non-English-speaking backgrounds. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2610 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450
in Autism Research > 14-12 (December 2021) . - p.2677-2687[article] Factors associated with age at autism diagnosis in a community sample of Australian adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Y. HUANG, Auteur ; Samuel R. C. ARNOLD, Auteur ; K. R. FOLEY, Auteur ; L. P. LAWSON, Auteur ; A. L. RICHDALE, Auteur ; J. N. TROLLOR, Auteur . - p.2677-2687.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 14-12 (December 2021) . - p.2677-2687
Mots-clés : Adult Aged Australia/epidemiology Autism Spectrum Disorder Autistic Disorder/diagnosis/epidemiology Child Cross-Sectional Studies Female Humans Longitudinal Studies adults aging/ASD in adults diagnosis gender/female ASD Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism diagnosis in adulthood has become increasingly common due to a range of factors including changes in awareness, diagnostic criteria, and professional practices. Past research identified a range of demographic and autism-related factors associated with autism diagnosis age in children. However, it is unclear whether these apply to autistic adults. This study aimed to examine predictors of autism diagnosis age in adults while controlling for current age and autistic traits. We used a cross-sectional sample of 657 adults aged 15-80 from three self and carer-report studies: the Australian Longitudinal Study of Autism in Adulthood (ALSAA), Study of Australian School-Leavers with Autism (SASLA) and Pathways, Predictors and Impact of Receiving an Autism Spectrum Diagnosis in Adulthood (Pathways). Using hierarchical multiplicative heteroscedastic regression, we found that older current age and higher self-reported autistic traits predicted older diagnosis age, and that female gender, lack of intellectual disability, language other than English, family history of autism, lifetime depression, and no obsessive-compulsive disorder predicted older diagnosis age beyond current age and autistic traits. The paradoxical relationship between high autistic traits and older diagnosis age requires further investigation. Based on these findings, we recommended strategies to improve autism recognition in women and people from non-English-speaking backgrounds. Future studies could extend the findings by examining the effects of childhood and adulthood socioeconomic status on adult diagnosis age. LAY SUMMARY: We studied the relationship between age at autism diagnosis and other characteristics in adults. We found that both older current age and higher autistic traits, female gender, language other than English, family history of autism, and history of depression were related to older age at diagnosis, while intellectual disability and history of obsessive-compulsive disorder were related to younger age at diagnosis. Our findings suggest more work is needed to help recognize autism in women and people from non-English-speaking backgrounds. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2610 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450 Autistic adults have poorer quality healthcare and worse health based on self-report data / Elizabeth WEIR in Molecular Autism, 13 (2022)
[article]
Titre : Autistic adults have poorer quality healthcare and worse health based on self-report data Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Elizabeth WEIR, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : 23 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult Autistic Disorder/diagnosis/epidemiology Cross-Sectional Studies Delivery of Health Care Female Health Status Disparities Humans Infant, Newborn Self Report Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Recent research suggests that autistic individuals have shorter lifespans and experience worse health (greater health burden) than non-autistic individuals. Small, qualitative studies suggest that autistic adults also experience poor self-reported healthcare quality. METHODS: An anonymized, cross-sectional, self-report questionnaire was administered to n=4158 individuals. The study assessed prevalence of chronic health conditions, healthcare quality, differences in overall health inequality score, and effects of the coronavirus pandemic on healthcare quality. We used Fisher's exact tests, binomial logistic regression, and predictive machine learning tools, as appropriate. RESULTS: The final sample included n=2649 participants (n=1285 autistic) aged 16-96 years. Autistic adults reported lower quality healthcare than non-autistic adults across 50/51 items, including poorer access to healthcare and poorer communication, alongside increased anxiety, sensory sensitivity, system-level problems, shutdowns, and meltdowns. Differences between groups were stark: aggregated health inequality scores predicted autism diagnosis, even after stratifying by sex. Autistic adults were also more likely to have chronic health conditions than non-autistic adults. There were no significant differences in healthcare quality for autistic adults before and during the pandemic, although they received relatively poorer quality healthcare than non-autistic adults across both periods. LIMITATIONS: The study's sampling methods are not likely to capture the perspectives of all autistic individuals, especially those with intellectual disability. Both the autistic and control samples are biased towards UK residents, white individuals, those assigned female at birth, and those who completed an undergraduate degree or higher education. As such, these results may limit their generalizability to other groups. Finally, these results relate to self-reported differences in healthcare quality between autistic and non-autistic adults. The observed group differences may in part reflect differences in perception and communication rather than differences in actual healthcare quality. CONCLUSIONS: Autistic adults are more likely to have chronic health conditions alongside self-reported lower quality healthcare than others. Health inequalities between these groups are widespread and dramatic; unfortunately, they existed before and have persisted after the onset of the coronavirus pandemic. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-022-00501-w Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=491
in Molecular Autism > 13 (2022) . - 23 p.[article] Autistic adults have poorer quality healthcare and worse health based on self-report data [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Elizabeth WEIR, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur . - 23 p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > 13 (2022) . - 23 p.
Mots-clés : Adult Autistic Disorder/diagnosis/epidemiology Cross-Sectional Studies Delivery of Health Care Female Health Status Disparities Humans Infant, Newborn Self Report Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Recent research suggests that autistic individuals have shorter lifespans and experience worse health (greater health burden) than non-autistic individuals. Small, qualitative studies suggest that autistic adults also experience poor self-reported healthcare quality. METHODS: An anonymized, cross-sectional, self-report questionnaire was administered to n=4158 individuals. The study assessed prevalence of chronic health conditions, healthcare quality, differences in overall health inequality score, and effects of the coronavirus pandemic on healthcare quality. We used Fisher's exact tests, binomial logistic regression, and predictive machine learning tools, as appropriate. RESULTS: The final sample included n=2649 participants (n=1285 autistic) aged 16-96 years. Autistic adults reported lower quality healthcare than non-autistic adults across 50/51 items, including poorer access to healthcare and poorer communication, alongside increased anxiety, sensory sensitivity, system-level problems, shutdowns, and meltdowns. Differences between groups were stark: aggregated health inequality scores predicted autism diagnosis, even after stratifying by sex. Autistic adults were also more likely to have chronic health conditions than non-autistic adults. There were no significant differences in healthcare quality for autistic adults before and during the pandemic, although they received relatively poorer quality healthcare than non-autistic adults across both periods. LIMITATIONS: The study's sampling methods are not likely to capture the perspectives of all autistic individuals, especially those with intellectual disability. Both the autistic and control samples are biased towards UK residents, white individuals, those assigned female at birth, and those who completed an undergraduate degree or higher education. As such, these results may limit their generalizability to other groups. Finally, these results relate to self-reported differences in healthcare quality between autistic and non-autistic adults. The observed group differences may in part reflect differences in perception and communication rather than differences in actual healthcare quality. CONCLUSIONS: Autistic adults are more likely to have chronic health conditions alongside self-reported lower quality healthcare than others. Health inequalities between these groups are widespread and dramatic; unfortunately, they existed before and have persisted after the onset of the coronavirus pandemic. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-022-00501-w Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=491 Less Illusion of a Just World in People with Formally Diagnosed Autism and Higher Autistic Traits / Alex BERTRAMS in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51-10 (October 2021)
[article]
Titre : Less Illusion of a Just World in People with Formally Diagnosed Autism and Higher Autistic Traits Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Alex BERTRAMS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3733-3743 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis Autistic Disorder/diagnosis/epidemiology Cognition Humans Illusions Male Autism Autistic traits Belief in a just world Locus of control Self-deception Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : People differ in how strongly they believe that, in general, one gets what (s)he deserves (i.e., individual differences in the general belief in a just world). In this study (N?=?588; n?=?60 with a formal autism diagnosis), whether or not autistic people and those with high autistic traits have a relatively low general belief in a just world is examined. The results revealed the expected relationship between autism/higher autistic traits and a lower general belief in a just world. In a subsample (n?=?388), personal belief in a just world, external locus of control, and self-deception mediated this relationship. These findings are discussed in terms of autistic strengths (less biased information processing) and problems (lowered well-being). En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04831-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=453
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-10 (October 2021) . - p.3733-3743[article] Less Illusion of a Just World in People with Formally Diagnosed Autism and Higher Autistic Traits [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Alex BERTRAMS, Auteur . - p.3733-3743.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-10 (October 2021) . - p.3733-3743
Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis Autistic Disorder/diagnosis/epidemiology Cognition Humans Illusions Male Autism Autistic traits Belief in a just world Locus of control Self-deception Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : People differ in how strongly they believe that, in general, one gets what (s)he deserves (i.e., individual differences in the general belief in a just world). In this study (N?=?588; n?=?60 with a formal autism diagnosis), whether or not autistic people and those with high autistic traits have a relatively low general belief in a just world is examined. The results revealed the expected relationship between autism/higher autistic traits and a lower general belief in a just world. In a subsample (n?=?388), personal belief in a just world, external locus of control, and self-deception mediated this relationship. These findings are discussed in terms of autistic strengths (less biased information processing) and problems (lowered well-being). En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04831-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=453 Practice Patterns and Potential Barriers to Early Diagnosis of Autism in Bosnia and Herzegovina: A Preliminary Study / N. PISTOLJEVIC in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51-12 (December 2021)
[article]
Titre : Practice Patterns and Potential Barriers to Early Diagnosis of Autism in Bosnia and Herzegovina: A Preliminary Study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : N. PISTOLJEVIC, Auteur ; E. DZANKO, Auteur ; M. GHAZIUDDIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.4447-4455 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis/epidemiology Autistic Disorder/diagnosis/epidemiology Bosnia and Herzegovina/epidemiology Child Child, Preschool Early Diagnosis Humans Infant Parents Autism spectrum disorder Bosnia Early autism diagnosis Eastern Europe Herzegovina Low-and middle-income countries Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The aim of this preliminary study was to identify the practice patterns and potential barriers to diagnosing autism in Bosnia & Herzegovina. 126 children aged 23 to 94 months with developmental concerns referred to treatment centers participated in the study. Although parents had reported developmental problems in their children usually around the age of 17 months, it took them 812 visits to professionals (>?6 visits per child) over several months (mean 16.8, range 2-52 months) to get diagnosed with any developmental disorder. Only 8 children (6.3%) received a diagnosis of autism. However, when we re-examined 110 of the 126 children, 90 of them (71%) were identified with autism. Implications of these findings are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-04875-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=454
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-12 (December 2021) . - p.4447-4455[article] Practice Patterns and Potential Barriers to Early Diagnosis of Autism in Bosnia and Herzegovina: A Preliminary Study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / N. PISTOLJEVIC, Auteur ; E. DZANKO, Auteur ; M. GHAZIUDDIN, Auteur . - p.4447-4455.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-12 (December 2021) . - p.4447-4455
Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis/epidemiology Autistic Disorder/diagnosis/epidemiology Bosnia and Herzegovina/epidemiology Child Child, Preschool Early Diagnosis Humans Infant Parents Autism spectrum disorder Bosnia Early autism diagnosis Eastern Europe Herzegovina Low-and middle-income countries Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The aim of this preliminary study was to identify the practice patterns and potential barriers to diagnosing autism in Bosnia & Herzegovina. 126 children aged 23 to 94 months with developmental concerns referred to treatment centers participated in the study. Although parents had reported developmental problems in their children usually around the age of 17 months, it took them 812 visits to professionals (>?6 visits per child) over several months (mean 16.8, range 2-52 months) to get diagnosed with any developmental disorder. Only 8 children (6.3%) received a diagnosis of autism. However, when we re-examined 110 of the 126 children, 90 of them (71%) were identified with autism. Implications of these findings are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-04875-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=454 Identifying autism symptom severity trajectories across childhood / Einat WAIZBARD-BARTOV in Autism Research, 15-4 (April 2022)
[article]
Titre : Identifying autism symptom severity trajectories across childhood Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Einat WAIZBARD-BARTOV, Auteur ; Emilio FERRER, Auteur ; Brianna HEATH, Auteur ; Sally J. ROGERS, Auteur ; Christine W. NORDAHL, Auteur ; Marjorie SOLOMON, Auteur ; David G. AMARAL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.687-701 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis Autistic Disorder/diagnosis/epidemiology Child Child, Preschool Family Female Humans Individuality Male Parents Ados autism spectrum disorder calibrated severity scores longitudinal severity change sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : An individual's autism symptom severity level can change across childhood. The prevalence and direction of change, however, are still not well understood. Nor are the characteristics of children that experience change. Symptom severity trajectories were evaluated from early to middle childhood (approximately ages 3-11) for 182 autistic children. Symptom severity change was evaluated using individual change scores and the Reliable Change Index. Fifty-one percent of participants experienced symptom severity change: 27% of children decreased in severity, 24% increased and 49% were stable. Symptom severity decreases were more common during early childhood. Severity increases occurred at both early and middle childhood but increase in social affect severity was especially prominent during middle childhood. Most children experienced significant change during only one period and remained stable during the other. Girls decreased more and increased less in symptom severity than boys. Children that increased in severity decreased in adaptive functioning across childhood. Exploratory analyses indicated that a decrease in severity was associated with higher parental education level and older parental age at the time of the child's birth. Conversely, increase in autism severity was associated with lower parental education level and younger parental age at the child's birth. These findings extend recent observations that symptom severity change is more likely than previously appreciated. An understanding of the role of both biological and sociodemographic factors in determining a child's symptom trajectory may factor into future decisions on allocation and type of interventions distributed to young autistic children. LAY SUMMARY: We studied whether a child's autism severity changed from initial diagnosis until middle childhood (ages 3-11). We found that 27% of the children decreased in severity, 24% increased and the rest stayed the same. Symptom severity decreases were more common during early childhood while severity increases were more prominent during middle childhood. We also found that girls were more likely to decrease than boys. Whether a child decreased or increased is related, in part, to parental characteristics. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2674 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473
in Autism Research > 15-4 (April 2022) . - p.687-701[article] Identifying autism symptom severity trajectories across childhood [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Einat WAIZBARD-BARTOV, Auteur ; Emilio FERRER, Auteur ; Brianna HEATH, Auteur ; Sally J. ROGERS, Auteur ; Christine W. NORDAHL, Auteur ; Marjorie SOLOMON, Auteur ; David G. AMARAL, Auteur . - p.687-701.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 15-4 (April 2022) . - p.687-701
Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis Autistic Disorder/diagnosis/epidemiology Child Child, Preschool Family Female Humans Individuality Male Parents Ados autism spectrum disorder calibrated severity scores longitudinal severity change sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : An individual's autism symptom severity level can change across childhood. The prevalence and direction of change, however, are still not well understood. Nor are the characteristics of children that experience change. Symptom severity trajectories were evaluated from early to middle childhood (approximately ages 3-11) for 182 autistic children. Symptom severity change was evaluated using individual change scores and the Reliable Change Index. Fifty-one percent of participants experienced symptom severity change: 27% of children decreased in severity, 24% increased and 49% were stable. Symptom severity decreases were more common during early childhood. Severity increases occurred at both early and middle childhood but increase in social affect severity was especially prominent during middle childhood. Most children experienced significant change during only one period and remained stable during the other. Girls decreased more and increased less in symptom severity than boys. Children that increased in severity decreased in adaptive functioning across childhood. Exploratory analyses indicated that a decrease in severity was associated with higher parental education level and older parental age at the time of the child's birth. Conversely, increase in autism severity was associated with lower parental education level and younger parental age at the child's birth. These findings extend recent observations that symptom severity change is more likely than previously appreciated. An understanding of the role of both biological and sociodemographic factors in determining a child's symptom trajectory may factor into future decisions on allocation and type of interventions distributed to young autistic children. LAY SUMMARY: We studied whether a child's autism severity changed from initial diagnosis until middle childhood (ages 3-11). We found that 27% of the children decreased in severity, 24% increased and the rest stayed the same. Symptom severity decreases were more common during early childhood while severity increases were more prominent during middle childhood. We also found that girls were more likely to decrease than boys. Whether a child decreased or increased is related, in part, to parental characteristics. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2674 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473 A radical change in our autism research strategy is needed: Back to prototypes / L. MOTTRON in Autism Research, 14-10 (October 2021)
PermalinkSelf-reported sex differences in high-functioning adults with autism: a meta-analysis / R. L. MOSELEY in Molecular Autism, 9 (2018)
PermalinkDysregulation in Children and Adolescents Presenting to a Multidisciplinary Autism Clinic / Roma A. VASA in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52-4 (April 2022)
PermalinkThe prevalence and profile of autism in Sturge-Weber syndrome / Jenny SLONEEM in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52-5 (May 2022)
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