Employment profiles of autistic adults in Australia / M. HARVERY in Autism Research, 14-10 (October 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-10 (October 2021) . - p.2061-2077 Titre : Employment profiles of autistic adults in Australia Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : M. HARVERY, Auteur ; E. H. FROUDE, Auteur ; K. R. FOLEY, Auteur ; J. N. TROLLOR, Auteur ; Samuel R. C. ARNOLD, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2061-2077 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Australia  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder/epidemiology  Employment  Humans  Longitudinal Studies  adults  employment  work  workplace adjustments Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic adults experience a high number of job changes, reduced working hours, minimal workplace supports, and overrepresentation in entry-level and low paid positions. This study adds to the existing evidence base to guide clinical decisions and interventions for this population. This study utilized baseline data collected between 2015 and 2017 from the Autism CRC's Australian Longitudinal Study of Autism in Adulthood. The aim was to describe the employment profiles and explore factors related to employment for Australian autistic adults aged 25 and older (N = 149). Comparisons between participants and the Australian workforce were made using Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) data. Two logistic regression models were conducted to explore the association between underemployment and underutilisation with personal and environmental factors. In comparison to the Australian workforce, autistic adults were more likely to work part-time, work reduced hours and be employed at skill levels lower than their qualifications warranted. Logistic regressions reported that more autistic traits, more social supports and having workplace adjustments implemented were significantly associated with a higher odds of autistic adults being appropriately employed and/or utilized in the workforce. Results suggest that interventions implementing appropriate workplace adjustments, a supportive workplace environment, and adequate social supports may improve employment outcomes for autistic adults. All employees may benefit from workplace resources targeted toward fostering an inclusive workplace environment. LAY SUMMARY: This study aimed to describe the employment profiles and explore factors related to employment for Australian autistic adults. We compared this with the Australian workforce using data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Autistic adults with more autistic traits and more social and workplace supports were more likely to be employed and have jobs that were better suited to them. Autistic adults might have better employment outcomes if they have the appropriate workplace adjustments, a supportive workplace and adequate social supports. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2588 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450 [article] Employment profiles of autistic adults in Australia [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / M. HARVERY, Auteur ; E. H. FROUDE, Auteur ; K. R. FOLEY, Auteur ; J. N. TROLLOR, Auteur ; Samuel R. C. ARNOLD, Auteur . - p.2061-2077. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-10 (October 2021) . - p.2061-2077 Mots-clés : Adult  Australia  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder/epidemiology  Employment  Humans  Longitudinal Studies  adults  employment  work  workplace adjustments Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic adults experience a high number of job changes, reduced working hours, minimal workplace supports, and overrepresentation in entry-level and low paid positions. This study adds to the existing evidence base to guide clinical decisions and interventions for this population. This study utilized baseline data collected between 2015 and 2017 from the Autism CRC's Australian Longitudinal Study of Autism in Adulthood. The aim was to describe the employment profiles and explore factors related to employment for Australian autistic adults aged 25 and older (N = 149). Comparisons between participants and the Australian workforce were made using Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) data. Two logistic regression models were conducted to explore the association between underemployment and underutilisation with personal and environmental factors. In comparison to the Australian workforce, autistic adults were more likely to work part-time, work reduced hours and be employed at skill levels lower than their qualifications warranted. Logistic regressions reported that more autistic traits, more social supports and having workplace adjustments implemented were significantly associated with a higher odds of autistic adults being appropriately employed and/or utilized in the workforce. Results suggest that interventions implementing appropriate workplace adjustments, a supportive workplace environment, and adequate social supports may improve employment outcomes for autistic adults. All employees may benefit from workplace resources targeted toward fostering an inclusive workplace environment. LAY SUMMARY: This study aimed to describe the employment profiles and explore factors related to employment for Australian autistic adults. We compared this with the Australian workforce using data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Autistic adults with more autistic traits and more social and workplace supports were more likely to be employed and have jobs that were better suited to them. Autistic adults might have better employment outcomes if they have the appropriate workplace adjustments, a supportive workplace and adequate social supports. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2588 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450

Factors associated with age at autism diagnosis in a community sample of Australian adults / Y. HUANG in Autism Research, 14-12 (December 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-12 (December 2021) . - p.2677-2687 Titre : Factors associated with age at autism diagnosis in a community sample of Australian adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Y. HUANG, Auteur ; Samuel R. C. ARNOLD, Auteur ; K. R. FOLEY, Auteur ; L. P. LAWSON, Auteur ; A. L. RICHDALE, Auteur ; J. N. TROLLOR, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2677-2687 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Aged  Australia/epidemiology  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder/diagnosis/epidemiology  Child  Cross-Sectional Studies  Female  Humans  Longitudinal Studies  adults  aging/ASD in adults  diagnosis  gender/female ASD Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism diagnosis in adulthood has become increasingly common due to a range of factors including changes in awareness, diagnostic criteria, and professional practices. Past research identified a range of demographic and autism-related factors associated with autism diagnosis age in children. However, it is unclear whether these apply to autistic adults. This study aimed to examine predictors of autism diagnosis age in adults while controlling for current age and autistic traits. We used a cross-sectional sample of 657 adults aged 15-80 from three self and carer-report studies: the Australian Longitudinal Study of Autism in Adulthood (ALSAA), Study of Australian School-Leavers with Autism (SASLA) and Pathways, Predictors and Impact of Receiving an Autism Spectrum Diagnosis in Adulthood (Pathways). Using hierarchical multiplicative heteroscedastic regression, we found that older current age and higher self-reported autistic traits predicted older diagnosis age, and that female gender, lack of intellectual disability, language other than English, family history of autism, lifetime depression, and no obsessive-compulsive disorder predicted older diagnosis age beyond current age and autistic traits. The paradoxical relationship between high autistic traits and older diagnosis age requires further investigation. Based on these findings, we recommended strategies to improve autism recognition in women and people from non-English-speaking backgrounds. Future studies could extend the findings by examining the effects of childhood and adulthood socioeconomic status on adult diagnosis age. LAY SUMMARY: We studied the relationship between age at autism diagnosis and other characteristics in adults. We found that both older current age and higher autistic traits, female gender, language other than English, family history of autism, and history of depression were related to older age at diagnosis, while intellectual disability and history of obsessive-compulsive disorder were related to younger age at diagnosis. Our findings suggest more work is needed to help recognize autism in women and people from non-English-speaking backgrounds. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2610 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450 [article] Factors associated with age at autism diagnosis in a community sample of Australian adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Y. HUANG, Auteur ; Samuel R. C. ARNOLD, Auteur ; K. R. FOLEY, Auteur ; L. P. LAWSON, Auteur ; A. L. RICHDALE, Auteur ; J. N. TROLLOR, Auteur . - p.2677-2687. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-12 (December 2021) . - p.2677-2687 Mots-clés : Adult  Aged  Australia/epidemiology  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder/diagnosis/epidemiology  Child  Cross-Sectional Studies  Female  Humans  Longitudinal Studies  adults  aging/ASD in adults  diagnosis  gender/female ASD Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism diagnosis in adulthood has become increasingly common due to a range of factors including changes in awareness, diagnostic criteria, and professional practices. Past research identified a range of demographic and autism-related factors associated with autism diagnosis age in children. However, it is unclear whether these apply to autistic adults. This study aimed to examine predictors of autism diagnosis age in adults while controlling for current age and autistic traits. We used a cross-sectional sample of 657 adults aged 15-80 from three self and carer-report studies: the Australian Longitudinal Study of Autism in Adulthood (ALSAA), Study of Australian School-Leavers with Autism (SASLA) and Pathways, Predictors and Impact of Receiving an Autism Spectrum Diagnosis in Adulthood (Pathways). Using hierarchical multiplicative heteroscedastic regression, we found that older current age and higher self-reported autistic traits predicted older diagnosis age, and that female gender, lack of intellectual disability, language other than English, family history of autism, lifetime depression, and no obsessive-compulsive disorder predicted older diagnosis age beyond current age and autistic traits. The paradoxical relationship between high autistic traits and older diagnosis age requires further investigation. Based on these findings, we recommended strategies to improve autism recognition in women and people from non-English-speaking backgrounds. Future studies could extend the findings by examining the effects of childhood and adulthood socioeconomic status on adult diagnosis age. LAY SUMMARY: We studied the relationship between age at autism diagnosis and other characteristics in adults. We found that both older current age and higher autistic traits, female gender, language other than English, family history of autism, and history of depression were related to older age at diagnosis, while intellectual disability and history of obsessive-compulsive disorder were related to younger age at diagnosis. Our findings suggest more work is needed to help recognize autism in women and people from non-English-speaking backgrounds. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2610 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450

General practice encounters for young patients with autism spectrum disorder in Australia / K. R. FOLEY in Autism, 22-7 (October 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 22-7 (October 2018) . - p.784-793 Titre : General practice encounters for young patients with autism spectrum disorder in Australia Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : K. R. FOLEY, Auteur ; A. J. POLLACK, Auteur ; H. C. BRITT, Auteur ; N. G. LENNOX, Auteur ; J. N. TROLLOR, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.784-793 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  intellectual disability  mental health  primary health care Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study compared the patient demographics and reasons for encounter in general practice for patients <25 years with and without an autism spectrum disorder identified as a reason for encounter and/or problem managed. The Bettering the Evaluation and Care of Health programme collected information about clinical activities in Australian general practice. Each year, the programme recruited a random sample of 1000 general practitioners, each of whom collected data for 100 consecutive consultations (encounters). Encounters with patients <25 years, where at least one autism spectrum disorder was recorded as a reason for encounter and/or a problem managed (n = 579), were compared with all other encounters (n = 281,473) from April 2000 to March 2014 inclusive. Data were age-sex standardised. Patients at autism spectrum disorder encounters (compared to non-autism spectrum disorder encounters) were more likely to be younger and male. There was a dramatic rise in the number of general practitioner consultations at autism spectrum disorder encounters from 2000 to 2013. More reasons for encounter were recorded at autism spectrum disorder encounters than at non-autism spectrum disorder encounters (156.4 (95% confidence interval: 144.0-168.8) and 140.5 (95% confidence interval: 140.0-141.0), respectively). At autism spectrum disorder (vs non-autism spectrum disorder) encounters, there were more psychological, general and unspecified, and social reasons for encounter and fewer preventive and acute health reasons for encounter. People with an autism spectrum disorder have complex health care needs that require a skilled general practice workforce. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361317702560 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=369 [article] General practice encounters for young patients with autism spectrum disorder in Australia [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / K. R. FOLEY, Auteur ; A. J. POLLACK, Auteur ; H. C. BRITT, Auteur ; N. G. LENNOX, Auteur ; J. N. TROLLOR, Auteur . - p.784-793. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 22-7 (October 2018) . - p.784-793 Mots-clés : autism  intellectual disability  mental health  primary health care Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study compared the patient demographics and reasons for encounter in general practice for patients <25 years with and without an autism spectrum disorder identified as a reason for encounter and/or problem managed. The Bettering the Evaluation and Care of Health programme collected information about clinical activities in Australian general practice. Each year, the programme recruited a random sample of 1000 general practitioners, each of whom collected data for 100 consecutive consultations (encounters). Encounters with patients <25 years, where at least one autism spectrum disorder was recorded as a reason for encounter and/or a problem managed (n = 579), were compared with all other encounters (n = 281,473) from April 2000 to March 2014 inclusive. Data were age-sex standardised. Patients at autism spectrum disorder encounters (compared to non-autism spectrum disorder encounters) were more likely to be younger and male. There was a dramatic rise in the number of general practitioner consultations at autism spectrum disorder encounters from 2000 to 2013. More reasons for encounter were recorded at autism spectrum disorder encounters than at non-autism spectrum disorder encounters (156.4 (95% confidence interval: 144.0-168.8) and 140.5 (95% confidence interval: 140.0-141.0), respectively). At autism spectrum disorder (vs non-autism spectrum disorder) encounters, there were more psychological, general and unspecified, and social reasons for encounter and fewer preventive and acute health reasons for encounter. People with an autism spectrum disorder have complex health care needs that require a skilled general practice workforce. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361317702560 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=369

Leisure participation and satisfaction in autistic adults and neurotypical adults / T. L. STACEY in Autism, 23-4 (May 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 23-4 (May 2019) . - p.993-1004 Titre : Leisure participation and satisfaction in autistic adults and neurotypical adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : T. L. STACEY, Auteur ; E. H. FROUDE, Auteur ; J. TROLLOR, Auteur ; K. R. FOLEY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.993-1004 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adults  autism spectrum disorder  leisure participation  leisure satisfaction  mental health  occupational therapy  recreational activities  social activities Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Leisure participation is important for well-being and has been attributed to improved quality of life for autistic individuals. Rigorous studies exploring the leisure participation of autistic adults are sparse. This study aimed to compare the type of leisure activity and frequency of participation between autistic adults and neurotypical adults as well as compare and identify factors associated with their leisure satisfaction. Data for 145 autistic and 104 neurotypical adults were obtained from time point one of the Australian Longitudinal Study of Adults with Autism. The primary outcome measure used was the Leisure Satisfaction Scale. Autistic adults were less satisfied with their leisure overall (mean = 3.29, standard deviation = 0.75) compared with neurotypical adults (mean = 3.69, standard deviation = 0.55). Multiple linear regression revealed being younger and reporting less depressive symptoms were significantly associated with higher leisure satisfaction in autistic but not neurotypical adults. Engagement in solitary leisure activities was comparable across participants, but socialising in person was predominated by neurotypical adults. Leisure activity preferences of autistic adults' and the frequency of their leisure participation are important factors for clinicians to understand when working with this population and tailoring well-being interventions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361318791275 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=397 [article] Leisure participation and satisfaction in autistic adults and neurotypical adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / T. L. STACEY, Auteur ; E. H. FROUDE, Auteur ; J. TROLLOR, Auteur ; K. R. FOLEY, Auteur . - p.993-1004. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 23-4 (May 2019) . - p.993-1004 Mots-clés : adults  autism spectrum disorder  leisure participation  leisure satisfaction  mental health  occupational therapy  recreational activities  social activities Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Leisure participation is important for well-being and has been attributed to improved quality of life for autistic individuals. Rigorous studies exploring the leisure participation of autistic adults are sparse. This study aimed to compare the type of leisure activity and frequency of participation between autistic adults and neurotypical adults as well as compare and identify factors associated with their leisure satisfaction. Data for 145 autistic and 104 neurotypical adults were obtained from time point one of the Australian Longitudinal Study of Adults with Autism. The primary outcome measure used was the Leisure Satisfaction Scale. Autistic adults were less satisfied with their leisure overall (mean = 3.29, standard deviation = 0.75) compared with neurotypical adults (mean = 3.69, standard deviation = 0.55). Multiple linear regression revealed being younger and reporting less depressive symptoms were significantly associated with higher leisure satisfaction in autistic but not neurotypical adults. Engagement in solitary leisure activities was comparable across participants, but socialising in person was predominated by neurotypical adults. Leisure activity preferences of autistic adults' and the frequency of their leisure participation are important factors for clinicians to understand when working with this population and tailoring well-being interventions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361318791275 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=397

Mortality and cause of death of Australians on the autism spectrum / Y. I. J. HWANG in Autism Research, 12-5 (May 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-5 (May 2019) . - p.806-815 Titre : Mortality and cause of death of Australians on the autism spectrum Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Y. I. J. HWANG, Auteur ; P. SRASUEBKUL, Auteur ; K. R. FOLEY, Auteur ; S. ARNOLD, Auteur ; J. N. TROLLOR, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.806-815 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  cause of death  intellectual disability  linked data  mortality Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Focused investigations regarding mortality rates, risk factors, and cause of death in autistic populations remain scarce. The present study used large linked datasets spanning 2001-2015 to report the rates and risk factors for mortality and cause of death in individuals on the autism spectrum (n = 35,929 age range 5-64) with and without concurrent intellectual disability (ID) in New South Wales, Australia. Mortality rates for those on the autism spectrum were 2.06 times that of the general population. Concurrent ID, epilepsy, mental health conditions, and chronic physical health conditions were associated with a higher risk of death for those on the spectrum, whereas demographic variables such as gender and socioeconomic status were not. A differing profile of top causes of death was found for autistic individuals relative to the general population, with "nervous system and sense disorders" and "injury and poisoning" being the top-ranked causes for those on the spectrum. The findings alert the need for health promotion and management of concurrent physical and mental health conditions for those on the autism spectrum. There is also a need for better identification, diagnosis, and documentation of older adults on the autism spectrum. Autism Research 2019, 12: 806-815. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Rates of death are higher for autistic individuals compared to the general population. There is higher risk of death for autistic individuals who have additional mental and physical health conditions. The leading causes of death for autistic individuals with and without ID are "nervous system and sense disorders", which includes epilepsy and "injury and poisoning", respectively. To minimize risk of death, it is important to manage the mental and physical health individuals on the autism spectrum and to better understand the circumstances surrounding preventable deaths for this population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2086 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=397 [article] Mortality and cause of death of Australians on the autism spectrum [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Y. I. J. HWANG, Auteur ; P. SRASUEBKUL, Auteur ; K. R. FOLEY, Auteur ; S. ARNOLD, Auteur ; J. N. TROLLOR, Auteur . - p.806-815. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-5 (May 2019) . - p.806-815 Mots-clés : autism  cause of death  intellectual disability  linked data  mortality Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Focused investigations regarding mortality rates, risk factors, and cause of death in autistic populations remain scarce. The present study used large linked datasets spanning 2001-2015 to report the rates and risk factors for mortality and cause of death in individuals on the autism spectrum (n = 35,929 age range 5-64) with and without concurrent intellectual disability (ID) in New South Wales, Australia. Mortality rates for those on the autism spectrum were 2.06 times that of the general population. Concurrent ID, epilepsy, mental health conditions, and chronic physical health conditions were associated with a higher risk of death for those on the spectrum, whereas demographic variables such as gender and socioeconomic status were not. A differing profile of top causes of death was found for autistic individuals relative to the general population, with "nervous system and sense disorders" and "injury and poisoning" being the top-ranked causes for those on the spectrum. The findings alert the need for health promotion and management of concurrent physical and mental health conditions for those on the autism spectrum. There is also a need for better identification, diagnosis, and documentation of older adults on the autism spectrum. Autism Research 2019, 12: 806-815. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Rates of death are higher for autistic individuals compared to the general population. There is higher risk of death for autistic individuals who have additional mental and physical health conditions. The leading causes of death for autistic individuals with and without ID are "nervous system and sense disorders", which includes epilepsy and "injury and poisoning", respectively. To minimize risk of death, it is important to manage the mental and physical health individuals on the autism spectrum and to better understand the circumstances surrounding preventable deaths for this population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2086 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=397

Problems managed and medications prescribed during encounters with people with autism spectrum disorder in Australian general practice / R. C. BIRCH in Autism, 22-8 (November 2018)  

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