Autistic Adults are Not Impaired at Maintaining or Switching Between Counterfactual and Factual Worlds: An ERP Study / H. J. FERGUSON in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52-1 (January 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 52-1 (January 2022) . - p.349-360 Titre : Autistic Adults are Not Impaired at Maintaining or Switching Between Counterfactual and Factual Worlds: An ERP Study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : H. J. FERGUSON, Auteur ; L. WIMMER, Auteur ; J. BLACK, Auteur ; Mahsa BARZY, Auteur ; D. WILLIAMS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.349-360 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder/diagnosis  Brain  Comprehension  Evoked Potentials  Humans  Reading  Autism  Counterfactuals  Event-related potentials  Language comprehension  N400 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We report an event-related brain potential (ERP) experiment that tests whether autistic adults are able to maintain and switch between counterfactual and factual worlds. Participants (N?=?48) read scenarios that set up a factual or counterfactual scenario, then either maintained the counterfactual world or switched back to the factual world. When the context maintained the world, participants showed appropriate detection of the inconsistent critical word. In contrast, when participants had to switch from a counterfactual to factual world, they initially experienced interference from the counterfactual context, then favoured the factual interpretation of events. None of these effects were modulated by group, despite group-level impairments in Theory of Mind and cognitive flexibility among the autistic adults. These results demonstrate that autistic adults can appropriately use complex contextual cues to maintain and/or update mental representations of counterfactual and factual events. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-04939-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=455 [article] Autistic Adults are Not Impaired at Maintaining or Switching Between Counterfactual and Factual Worlds: An ERP Study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / H. J. FERGUSON, Auteur ; L. WIMMER, Auteur ; J. BLACK, Auteur ; Mahsa BARZY, Auteur ; D. WILLIAMS, Auteur . - p.349-360. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 52-1 (January 2022) . - p.349-360 Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder/diagnosis  Brain  Comprehension  Evoked Potentials  Humans  Reading  Autism  Counterfactuals  Event-related potentials  Language comprehension  N400 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We report an event-related brain potential (ERP) experiment that tests whether autistic adults are able to maintain and switch between counterfactual and factual worlds. Participants (N?=?48) read scenarios that set up a factual or counterfactual scenario, then either maintained the counterfactual world or switched back to the factual world. When the context maintained the world, participants showed appropriate detection of the inconsistent critical word. In contrast, when participants had to switch from a counterfactual to factual world, they initially experienced interference from the counterfactual context, then favoured the factual interpretation of events. None of these effects were modulated by group, despite group-level impairments in Theory of Mind and cognitive flexibility among the autistic adults. These results demonstrate that autistic adults can appropriately use complex contextual cues to maintain and/or update mental representations of counterfactual and factual events. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-04939-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=455

Intact counterfactual emotion processing in autism spectrum disorder: Evidence from eye-tracking / J. BLACK in Autism Research, 12-3 (March 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-3 (March 2019) . - p.422-444 Titre : Intact counterfactual emotion processing in autism spectrum disorder: Evidence from eye-tracking Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : J. BLACK, Auteur ; Mahsa BARZY, Auteur ; D. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; H. FERGUSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.422-444 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : anomaly detection  autism spectrum disorder  counterfactual emotions  eye-tracking  reading  regret  relief Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Counterfactual emotions, such as regret and relief, require an awareness of how things could have been different. We report a preregistered experiment that examines how adults with and without ASD process counterfactual emotions in real-time, based on research showing that the developmental trajectory of counterfactual thinking may be disrupted in people with ASD. Participants were eye-tracked as they read narratives in which a character made an explicit decision then subsequently experienced either a mildly negative or positive outcome. The final sentence in each story included an explicit remark about the character's mood that was either consistent or inconsistent with the character's expected feelings of regret or relief (e.g., "... she feels happy/annoyed about her decision."). Results showed that adults with ASD are unimpaired in processing emotions based on counterfactual reasoning, and in fact showed earlier sensitivity to inconsistencies within relief contexts compared to TD participants. This finding highlights a previously unknown strength in empathy and emotion processing in adults with ASD, which may have been masked in previous research that has typically relied on explicit, response-based measures to record emotional inferences, which are likely to be susceptible to demand characteristics and response biases. Therefore, this study highlights the value of employing implicit measures that provide insights on peoples' immediate responses to emotional content without disrupting ongoing processing. Autism Res 2019, 12: 422-444 (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Despite known difficulties with empathy and perspective-taking, we found that adults with autism are unimpaired at inferring complex emotions (regret and relief) in others. This finding extends existing evidence showing dysfunctional counterfactual thinking in children with autism. We highlight the value of using implicit measures to identify strengths and abilities in ASD that may be masked by explicit tasks that require participants to interact socially or report their own thoughts. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2056 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=387 [article] Intact counterfactual emotion processing in autism spectrum disorder: Evidence from eye-tracking [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / J. BLACK, Auteur ; Mahsa BARZY, Auteur ; D. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; H. FERGUSON, Auteur . - p.422-444. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-3 (March 2019) . - p.422-444 Mots-clés : anomaly detection  autism spectrum disorder  counterfactual emotions  eye-tracking  reading  regret  relief Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Counterfactual emotions, such as regret and relief, require an awareness of how things could have been different. We report a preregistered experiment that examines how adults with and without ASD process counterfactual emotions in real-time, based on research showing that the developmental trajectory of counterfactual thinking may be disrupted in people with ASD. Participants were eye-tracked as they read narratives in which a character made an explicit decision then subsequently experienced either a mildly negative or positive outcome. The final sentence in each story included an explicit remark about the character's mood that was either consistent or inconsistent with the character's expected feelings of regret or relief (e.g., "... she feels happy/annoyed about her decision."). Results showed that adults with ASD are unimpaired in processing emotions based on counterfactual reasoning, and in fact showed earlier sensitivity to inconsistencies within relief contexts compared to TD participants. This finding highlights a previously unknown strength in empathy and emotion processing in adults with ASD, which may have been masked in previous research that has typically relied on explicit, response-based measures to record emotional inferences, which are likely to be susceptible to demand characteristics and response biases. Therefore, this study highlights the value of employing implicit measures that provide insights on peoples' immediate responses to emotional content without disrupting ongoing processing. Autism Res 2019, 12: 422-444 (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Despite known difficulties with empathy and perspective-taking, we found that adults with autism are unimpaired at inferring complex emotions (regret and relief) in others. This finding extends existing evidence showing dysfunctional counterfactual thinking in children with autism. We highlight the value of using implicit measures to identify strengths and abilities in ASD that may be masked by explicit tasks that require participants to interact socially or report their own thoughts. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2056 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=387

Interoception is Impaired in Children, But Not Adults, with Autism Spectrum Disorder / T. NICHOLSON in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49-9 (September 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 49-9 (September 2019) . - p.3625-3637 Titre : Interoception is Impaired in Children, But Not Adults, with Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : T. NICHOLSON, Auteur ; D. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Katie CARPENTER, Auteur ; A. KALLITSOUNAKI, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : p.3625-3637 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Developmental disorders  Interoception  Interoceptive accuracy Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Interoception (the ability to sense what's going on inside one's body) is considered integral to many higher-order cognitive processes. Some have speculated that impaired interoception may underpin some features of ASD. Yet, in Experiment 1, we found no evidence of a between-group difference in either cardiac or respiratory interoceptive accuracy among 21 adults with ASD and 21 matched controls. Bayesian analyses suggested the data strongly supported the null hypothesis. In Experiment 2, we measured cardiac interoceptive accuracy in 21 children with ASD and 21 matched controls. Here interoceptve accuracy was significantly diminished in the ASD group and was associated with a moderate-to-large effect size. Results suggest early interoception difficulties are resolved or compensated for by adulthood in people with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04079-w Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=405 [article] Interoception is Impaired in Children, But Not Adults, with Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / T. NICHOLSON, Auteur ; D. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Katie CARPENTER, Auteur ; A. KALLITSOUNAKI, Auteur . - 2019 . - p.3625-3637. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 49-9 (September 2019) . - p.3625-3637 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Developmental disorders  Interoception  Interoceptive accuracy Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Interoception (the ability to sense what's going on inside one's body) is considered integral to many higher-order cognitive processes. Some have speculated that impaired interoception may underpin some features of ASD. Yet, in Experiment 1, we found no evidence of a between-group difference in either cardiac or respiratory interoceptive accuracy among 21 adults with ASD and 21 matched controls. Bayesian analyses suggested the data strongly supported the null hypothesis. In Experiment 2, we measured cardiac interoceptive accuracy in 21 children with ASD and 21 matched controls. Here interoceptve accuracy was significantly diminished in the ASD group and was associated with a moderate-to-large effect size. Results suggest early interoception difficulties are resolved or compensated for by adulthood in people with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04079-w Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=405

Language impairments in childhood – A range of profiles, a variety of reasons / Nicola BOTTING in Autism & Developmental Language Impairments, 1 (January-December 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism & Developmental Language Impairments > 1 (January-December 2016) Titre : Language impairments in childhood – A range of profiles, a variety of reasons Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Nicola BOTTING, Auteur ; Allison BEAN ELLAWADI, Auteur ; D. WILLIAMS, Auteur Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1177/2396941516654609 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=386 [article] Language impairments in childhood – A range of profiles, a variety of reasons [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Nicola BOTTING, Auteur ; Allison BEAN ELLAWADI, Auteur ; D. WILLIAMS, Auteur. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism & Developmental Language Impairments > 1 (January-December 2016) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1177/2396941516654609 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=386

When do Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Take Common Ground into Account During Communication? / L. MALKIN in Autism Research, 11-10 (October 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 11-10 (October 2018) . - p.1366-1375 Titre : When do Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Take Common Ground into Account During Communication? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : L. MALKIN, Auteur ; Kirsten ABBOT-SMITH, Auteur ; D. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; J. AYLING, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1366-1375 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  children  common ground  comprehension  production  reference  verbal social communication Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : One feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a deficit in verbal reference production, that is, providing an appropriate amount of verbal information for the listener to refer to things, people, and events. However, very few studies have manipulated whether individuals with ASD can take a speaker's perspective to interpret verbal reference. A critical limitation of all interpretation studies is that comprehension of another's verbal reference required the participant to represent only the other's visual perspective. Yet, many everyday interpretations of verbal reference require knowledge of social perspective (i.e., a consideration of which experiences one has shared with which interlocutor). We investigated whether 22 5;0-7;11-year-old children with ASD and 22 well-matched typically developing (TD) children used social perspective to comprehend (Study 1) and produce (Study 2) verbal reference. Social perspective-taking was manipulated by having children collaboratively complete activities with one of two interlocutors such that for a given activity, one interlocutor was Knowledgeable and one was Naive. Study 1 found no between-group differences for the interpretation of ambiguous references based on social perspective. In Study 2, when producing referring terms, the ASD group made modifications based on listener needs, but this effect was significantly stronger in the TD group. Overall, the findings suggest that high-functioning children with ASD know with which interlocutor they have previously shared a given experience and can take this information into account to steer verbal reference. Nonetheless, they show clear performance limitations in this regard relative to well-matched controls. Autism Res 2018, 11: 1366-1375. (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: No one had studied if young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) could take into account previous collaboration with particular conversation partners to drive how well they communicate with others. In both their language understanding and spoken language, we found that five to 7-year-olds with ASD were able to consider what they had previously shared with the conversation partner. However, they were impaired when compared to typically developing children in the degree to which they tailored their spoken language for a specific listener. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2007 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=369 [article] When do Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Take Common Ground into Account During Communication? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / L. MALKIN, Auteur ; Kirsten ABBOT-SMITH, Auteur ; D. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; J. AYLING, Auteur . - p.1366-1375. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 11-10 (October 2018) . - p.1366-1375 Mots-clés : autism  children  common ground  comprehension  production  reference  verbal social communication Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : One feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a deficit in verbal reference production, that is, providing an appropriate amount of verbal information for the listener to refer to things, people, and events. However, very few studies have manipulated whether individuals with ASD can take a speaker's perspective to interpret verbal reference. A critical limitation of all interpretation studies is that comprehension of another's verbal reference required the participant to represent only the other's visual perspective. Yet, many everyday interpretations of verbal reference require knowledge of social perspective (i.e., a consideration of which experiences one has shared with which interlocutor). We investigated whether 22 5;0-7;11-year-old children with ASD and 22 well-matched typically developing (TD) children used social perspective to comprehend (Study 1) and produce (Study 2) verbal reference. Social perspective-taking was manipulated by having children collaboratively complete activities with one of two interlocutors such that for a given activity, one interlocutor was Knowledgeable and one was Naive. Study 1 found no between-group differences for the interpretation of ambiguous references based on social perspective. In Study 2, when producing referring terms, the ASD group made modifications based on listener needs, but this effect was significantly stronger in the TD group. Overall, the findings suggest that high-functioning children with ASD know with which interlocutor they have previously shared a given experience and can take this information into account to steer verbal reference. Nonetheless, they show clear performance limitations in this regard relative to well-matched controls. Autism Res 2018, 11: 1366-1375. (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: No one had studied if young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) could take into account previous collaboration with particular conversation partners to drive how well they communicate with others. In both their language understanding and spoken language, we found that five to 7-year-olds with ASD were able to consider what they had previously shared with the conversation partner. However, they were impaired when compared to typically developing children in the degree to which they tailored their spoken language for a specific listener. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2007 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=369

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