Assessing general cognitive and adaptive abilities in adults with Down syndrome: a systematic review / Sarah HAMBURG in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 11-1 (December 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 11-1 (December 2019) . - 20 p. Titre : Assessing general cognitive and adaptive abilities in adults with Down syndrome: a systematic review Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Sarah HAMBURG, Auteur ; Bryony LOWE, Auteur ; Carla Marie STARTIN, Auteur ; Concepcion PADILLA, Auteur ; Antonia COPPUS, Auteur ; Wendy SILVERMAN, Auteur ; Juan FORTEA, Auteur ; Shahid ZAMAN, Auteur ; Elizabeth HEAD, Auteur ; Benjamin L. HANDEN, Auteur ; Ira LOTT, Auteur ; Weihong SONG, Auteur ; Andre STRYDOM, Auteur Article en page(s) : 20 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Ab  Adaptive ability  Adaptive behaviour  Cognition  Down syndrome  General ability  Iq  Intelligence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Measures of general cognitive and adaptive ability in adults with Down syndrome (DS) used by previous studies vary substantially. This review summarises the different ability measures used previously, focusing on tests of intelligence quotient (IQ) and adaptive behaviour (AB), and where possible examines floor effects and differences between DS subpopulations. We aimed to use information regarding existing measures to provide recommendations for individual researchers and the DS research community. RESULTS: Nineteen studies reporting IQ test data met inclusion for this review, with 17 different IQ tests used. Twelve of these IQ tests were used in only one study while five were used in two different studies. Eleven studies reporting AB test data met inclusion for this review, with seven different AB tests used. The only AB scales to be used by more than one study were the Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scale (VABS; used by three studies) and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale 2nd Edition (VABS-II; used by two studies). A variety of additional factors were identified which make comparison of test scores between studies problematic, including different score types provided between studies (e.g. raw scores compared to age-equivalent scores) and different participant inclusion criteria (e.g. whether individuals with cognitive decline were excluded). Floor effects were common for IQ tests (particularly for standardised test scores). Data exists to suggest that floor effects may be minimised by the use of raw test scores rather than standardised test scores. Raw scores may, therefore, be particularly useful in longitudinal studies to track change in cognitive ability over time. CONCLUSIONS: Studies assessing general ability in adults with DS are likely to benefit from the use of both IQ and AB scales. The DS research community may benefit from the development of reporting standards for IQ and AB data, and from the sharing of raw study data enabling further in-depth investigation of issues highlighted by this review. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-019-9279-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=409 [article] Assessing general cognitive and adaptive abilities in adults with Down syndrome: a systematic review [texte imprimé] / Sarah HAMBURG, Auteur ; Bryony LOWE, Auteur ; Carla Marie STARTIN, Auteur ; Concepcion PADILLA, Auteur ; Antonia COPPUS, Auteur ; Wendy SILVERMAN, Auteur ; Juan FORTEA, Auteur ; Shahid ZAMAN, Auteur ; Elizabeth HEAD, Auteur ; Benjamin L. HANDEN, Auteur ; Ira LOTT, Auteur ; Weihong SONG, Auteur ; Andre STRYDOM, Auteur . - 20 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 11-1 (December 2019) . - 20 p. Mots-clés : Ab  Adaptive ability  Adaptive behaviour  Cognition  Down syndrome  General ability  Iq  Intelligence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Measures of general cognitive and adaptive ability in adults with Down syndrome (DS) used by previous studies vary substantially. This review summarises the different ability measures used previously, focusing on tests of intelligence quotient (IQ) and adaptive behaviour (AB), and where possible examines floor effects and differences between DS subpopulations. We aimed to use information regarding existing measures to provide recommendations for individual researchers and the DS research community. RESULTS: Nineteen studies reporting IQ test data met inclusion for this review, with 17 different IQ tests used. Twelve of these IQ tests were used in only one study while five were used in two different studies. Eleven studies reporting AB test data met inclusion for this review, with seven different AB tests used. The only AB scales to be used by more than one study were the Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scale (VABS; used by three studies) and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale 2nd Edition (VABS-II; used by two studies). A variety of additional factors were identified which make comparison of test scores between studies problematic, including different score types provided between studies (e.g. raw scores compared to age-equivalent scores) and different participant inclusion criteria (e.g. whether individuals with cognitive decline were excluded). Floor effects were common for IQ tests (particularly for standardised test scores). Data exists to suggest that floor effects may be minimised by the use of raw test scores rather than standardised test scores. Raw scores may, therefore, be particularly useful in longitudinal studies to track change in cognitive ability over time. CONCLUSIONS: Studies assessing general ability in adults with DS are likely to benefit from the use of both IQ and AB scales. The DS research community may benefit from the development of reporting standards for IQ and AB data, and from the sharing of raw study data enabling further in-depth investigation of issues highlighted by this review. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-019-9279-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=409

Comparison of resting-state EEG between adults with Down syndrome and typically developing controls / Sarah HAMBURG in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 13 (2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 13 (2021) Titre : Comparison of resting-state EEG between adults with Down syndrome and typically developing controls Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Sarah HAMBURG, Auteur ; Daniel BUSH, Auteur ; Andre STRYDOM, Auteur ; Carla M. STARTIN, Auteur Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnosis  Down Syndrome/diagnosis  Electroencephalography  Humans  Intellectual Disability/diagnosis  Alpha peak  Down syndrome  Eeg  Resting state  Trisomy 21 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability (ID) worldwide. Understanding electrophysiological characteristics associated with DS provides potential mechanistic insights into ID, helping inform biomarkers and targets for intervention. Currently, electrophysiological characteristics associated with DS remain unclear due to methodological differences between studies and inadequate controls for cognitive decline as a potential cofounder. METHODS: Eyes-closed resting-state EEG measures (specifically delta, theta, alpha, and beta absolute and relative powers, and alpha peak amplitude, frequency and frequency variance) in occipital and frontal regions were compared between adults with DS (with no diagnosis of dementia or evidence of cognitive decline) and typically developing (TD) matched controls (n = 25 per group). RESULTS: We report an overall 'slower' EEG spectrum, characterised by higher delta and theta power, and lower alpha and beta power, for both regions in people with DS. Alpha activity in particular showed strong group differences, including lower power, lower peak amplitude and greater peak frequency variance in people with DS. CONCLUSIONS: Such EEG 'slowing' has previously been associated with cognitive decline in both DS and TD populations. These findings indicate the potential existence of a universal EEG signature of cognitive impairment, regardless of origin (neurodevelopmental or neurodegenerative), warranting further exploration. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-021-09392-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=574 [article] Comparison of resting-state EEG between adults with Down syndrome and typically developing controls [texte imprimé] / Sarah HAMBURG, Auteur ; Daniel BUSH, Auteur ; Andre STRYDOM, Auteur ; Carla M. STARTIN, Auteur. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 13 (2021) Mots-clés : Adult  Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnosis  Down Syndrome/diagnosis  Electroencephalography  Humans  Intellectual Disability/diagnosis  Alpha peak  Down syndrome  Eeg  Resting state  Trisomy 21 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability (ID) worldwide. Understanding electrophysiological characteristics associated with DS provides potential mechanistic insights into ID, helping inform biomarkers and targets for intervention. Currently, electrophysiological characteristics associated with DS remain unclear due to methodological differences between studies and inadequate controls for cognitive decline as a potential cofounder. METHODS: Eyes-closed resting-state EEG measures (specifically delta, theta, alpha, and beta absolute and relative powers, and alpha peak amplitude, frequency and frequency variance) in occipital and frontal regions were compared between adults with DS (with no diagnosis of dementia or evidence of cognitive decline) and typically developing (TD) matched controls (n = 25 per group). RESULTS: We report an overall 'slower' EEG spectrum, characterised by higher delta and theta power, and lower alpha and beta power, for both regions in people with DS. Alpha activity in particular showed strong group differences, including lower power, lower peak amplitude and greater peak frequency variance in people with DS. CONCLUSIONS: Such EEG 'slowing' has previously been associated with cognitive decline in both DS and TD populations. These findings indicate the potential existence of a universal EEG signature of cognitive impairment, regardless of origin (neurodevelopmental or neurodegenerative), warranting further exploration. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-021-09392-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=574

Health comorbidities and cognitive abilities across the lifespan in Down syndrome / Carla M. STARTIN in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 12 (2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 12 (2020) Titre : Health comorbidities and cognitive abilities across the lifespan in Down syndrome Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Carla M. STARTIN, Auteur ; Hana D'SOUZA, Auteur ; George BALL, Auteur ; Sarah HAMBURG, Auteur ; Rosalyn HITHERSAY, Auteur ; Kate M.O. HUGHES, Auteur ; Esha MASSAND, Auteur ; Annette KARMILOFF-SMITH, Auteur ; Michael S.C. THOMAS, Auteur ; LONDOWNS CONSORTIUM, Auteur ; Andre STRYDOM, Auteur Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent  Adult  Aged  Aged, 80 and over  Child  Child, Preschool  Cognition  Comorbidity  Down Syndrome/epidemiology  Female  Humans  Infant  Language Development Disorders/epidemiology  Longevity  Male  Mental Disorders/epidemiology  Middle Aged  Sex Characteristics  United Kingdom/epidemiology  Young Adult  Cognitive outcomes  Down syndrome  Health comorbidities  Intellectual disability  Psychiatric comorbidities  Receptive language ability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Down syndrome (DS) is associated with variable intellectual disability and multiple health and psychiatric comorbidities. The impact of such comorbidities on cognitive outcomes is unknown. We aimed to describe patterns of physical health and psychiatric comorbidity prevalence, and receptive language ability, in DS across the lifespan, and determine relationships with cognitive outcomes. METHODS: Detailed medical histories were collected and cognitive abilities measured using standardised tests for 602 individuals with DS from England and Wales (age range 3 months to 73 years). Differences in prevalence rates between age groups and between males and females were determined using chi-squared or Fisher's exact tests. In adults, rates for psychiatric comorbidities were compared to expected population rates using standardised morbidity ratios (SMRs). Adapted ANCOVA functions were constructed to explore age and sex associations with receptive language ability across the lifespan, and regression analyses were performed to determine whether the presence of health comorbidities or physical phenotypes predicted cognitive abilities. RESULTS: Multiple comorbidities showed prevalence differences across the lifespan, though there were few sex differences. In adults, SMRs were increased in males and decreased in females with DS for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and anxiety. Further, SMRs were increased in both males and females with DS for dementia, autism, ADHD, and depression, with differences more pronounced in females for dementia and autism, and in males for depression. Across the lifespan, receptive language abilities increasingly deviated from age-typical levels, and males scored poorer than females. Only autism and epilepsy were associated with poorer cognitive ability in those aged 16-35 years, with no relationships for physical health comorbidities, including congenital heart defects. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate the prevalence of multiple comorbidities varies across the lifespan in DS, and in adults, rates for psychiatric comorbidities show different patterns for males and females relative to expected population rates. Further, most health comorbidities are not associated with poorer cognitive outcomes in DS, apart from autism and epilepsy. It is essential for clinicians to consider such differences to provide appropriate care and treatment for those with DS and to provide prognostic information relating to cognitive outcomes in those with comorbidities. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-019-9306-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=573 [article] Health comorbidities and cognitive abilities across the lifespan in Down syndrome [texte imprimé] / Carla M. STARTIN, Auteur ; Hana D'SOUZA, Auteur ; George BALL, Auteur ; Sarah HAMBURG, Auteur ; Rosalyn HITHERSAY, Auteur ; Kate M.O. HUGHES, Auteur ; Esha MASSAND, Auteur ; Annette KARMILOFF-SMITH, Auteur ; Michael S.C. THOMAS, Auteur ; LONDOWNS CONSORTIUM, Auteur ; Andre STRYDOM, Auteur. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 12 (2020) Mots-clés : Adolescent  Adult  Aged  Aged, 80 and over  Child  Child, Preschool  Cognition  Comorbidity  Down Syndrome/epidemiology  Female  Humans  Infant  Language Development Disorders/epidemiology  Longevity  Male  Mental Disorders/epidemiology  Middle Aged  Sex Characteristics  United Kingdom/epidemiology  Young Adult  Cognitive outcomes  Down syndrome  Health comorbidities  Intellectual disability  Psychiatric comorbidities  Receptive language ability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Down syndrome (DS) is associated with variable intellectual disability and multiple health and psychiatric comorbidities. The impact of such comorbidities on cognitive outcomes is unknown. We aimed to describe patterns of physical health and psychiatric comorbidity prevalence, and receptive language ability, in DS across the lifespan, and determine relationships with cognitive outcomes. METHODS: Detailed medical histories were collected and cognitive abilities measured using standardised tests for 602 individuals with DS from England and Wales (age range 3 months to 73 years). Differences in prevalence rates between age groups and between males and females were determined using chi-squared or Fisher's exact tests. In adults, rates for psychiatric comorbidities were compared to expected population rates using standardised morbidity ratios (SMRs). Adapted ANCOVA functions were constructed to explore age and sex associations with receptive language ability across the lifespan, and regression analyses were performed to determine whether the presence of health comorbidities or physical phenotypes predicted cognitive abilities. RESULTS: Multiple comorbidities showed prevalence differences across the lifespan, though there were few sex differences. In adults, SMRs were increased in males and decreased in females with DS for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and anxiety. Further, SMRs were increased in both males and females with DS for dementia, autism, ADHD, and depression, with differences more pronounced in females for dementia and autism, and in males for depression. Across the lifespan, receptive language abilities increasingly deviated from age-typical levels, and males scored poorer than females. Only autism and epilepsy were associated with poorer cognitive ability in those aged 16-35 years, with no relationships for physical health comorbidities, including congenital heart defects. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate the prevalence of multiple comorbidities varies across the lifespan in DS, and in adults, rates for psychiatric comorbidities show different patterns for males and females relative to expected population rates. Further, most health comorbidities are not associated with poorer cognitive outcomes in DS, apart from autism and epilepsy. It is essential for clinicians to consider such differences to provide appropriate care and treatment for those with DS and to provide prognostic information relating to cognitive outcomes in those with comorbidities. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-019-9306-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=573

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