7 recherche sur le mot-clé 'Aged, 80 and over'

Neuropsychological changes in FMR1 premutation carriers and onset of fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome / Jessica FAMULA in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 14 (2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 14 (2022) Titre : Neuropsychological changes in FMR1 premutation carriers and onset of fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Jessica FAMULA, Auteur ; Emilio FERRER, Auteur ; Randi J. HAGERMAN, Auteur ; Flora TASSONE, Auteur ; Andrea SCHNEIDER, Auteur ; Susan M. RIVERA, Auteur ; David HESSL, Auteur Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Aged  Aged, 80 and over  Ataxia/complications/genetics  Cross-Sectional Studies  Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein/genetics  Fragile X Syndrome  Humans  Longitudinal Studies  Male  Memory, Short-Term/physiology  Middle Aged  Neurodegenerative Diseases/complications  Tremor/genetics  Ataxia  Cantab  Executive function  Fxtas  Fragile X premutation  Tremor  Davis, in support of fragile X syndrome treatment programs, and he receives no  personal funds and has no relevant financial interest in any of the commercial  entities listed: Autifony, Ovid, Tetra, Healx, and Zynerba pharmaceutical  companies to consult on outcome measures and clinical trial design. RJH has  received funding from Zynerba and the Azrieli foundation for treatment studies in  Fragile X syndrome and unrelated to this study. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Carriers of the FMR1 premutation are at increased risk of developing a late-onset progressive neurodegenerative disease, fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS), characterized by intention tremor, gait ataxia, and cognitive decline. Cross-sectional studies to date have provided evidence that neuropsychological changes, such as executive function alterations, or subtle motor changes, may precede the onset of formal FXTAS, perhaps characterizing a prodromal state. However, the lack of longitudinal data has prevented the field from forming a clear picture of progression over time within individuals, and we lack consensus regarding early markers of risk and measures that may be used to track response to intervention. METHODS: This was a longitudinal study of 64 male FMR1 premutation carriers (Pm) without FXTAS at study entry and 30 normal controls (Nc), aged 40 to 80 years (Pm M = 60.0 years; Nc M = 57.4 years). Fifty of the Pm and 22 of the Nc were re-assessed after an average of 2.33 years, and 37 Pm and 20 Nc were re-assessed a third time after an average of another 2.15 years. Eighteen of 64 carriers (28%) converted to FXTAS during the study to date. Neuropsychological assessments at each time point, including components of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB), tapped domains of episodic and working memory, inhibitory control, visual attention, planning, executive control of movement, and manual speed and dexterity. Age-based mixed models were used to examine group differences in change over time on the outcomes in the full sample, and differences were further evaluated in 15 trios (n = 45; 15 Pm "converters," 15 Pm "nonconverters," 15 Nc) that were one-one matched on age, education, and socioeconomic status. RESULTS: Compared to Nc, Pm showed significantly greater rates of change over time in visual working memory, motor dexterity, inhibitory control, and manual movement speed. After multiple comparison correction, significant effects remained for motor dexterity. Worsening inhibitory control and slower manual movements were related to progression in FXTAS stage, but these effects became statistically non-significant after correcting for multiple comparisons. Higher FMR1 mRNA correlated with worsening manual reaction time but did not survive multiple comparisons and no other molecular measures correlated with neuropsychological changes. Finally, trio comparisons revealed greater rate of decline in planning and manual movement speed in Pm converters compared to Pm nonconverters. CONCLUSIONS: Accelerated decline in executive function and subtle motor changes, likely mediated by frontocerebellar circuits, may precede, and then track with the emergence of formal FXTAS symptoms. Further research to develop and harmonize clinical assessment of FMR1 carriers across centers is needed to prepare for future prophylactic and treatment trials for this disorder. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-022-09436-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=574 [article] Neuropsychological changes in FMR1 premutation carriers and onset of fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome [texte imprimé] / Jessica FAMULA, Auteur ; Emilio FERRER, Auteur ; Randi J. HAGERMAN, Auteur ; Flora TASSONE, Auteur ; Andrea SCHNEIDER, Auteur ; Susan M. RIVERA, Auteur ; David HESSL, Auteur. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 14 (2022) Mots-clés : Adult  Aged  Aged, 80 and over  Ataxia/complications/genetics  Cross-Sectional Studies  Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein/genetics  Fragile X Syndrome  Humans  Longitudinal Studies  Male  Memory, Short-Term/physiology  Middle Aged  Neurodegenerative Diseases/complications  Tremor/genetics  Ataxia  Cantab  Executive function  Fxtas  Fragile X premutation  Tremor  Davis, in support of fragile X syndrome treatment programs, and he receives no  personal funds and has no relevant financial interest in any of the commercial  entities listed: Autifony, Ovid, Tetra, Healx, and Zynerba pharmaceutical  companies to consult on outcome measures and clinical trial design. RJH has  received funding from Zynerba and the Azrieli foundation for treatment studies in  Fragile X syndrome and unrelated to this study. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Carriers of the FMR1 premutation are at increased risk of developing a late-onset progressive neurodegenerative disease, fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS), characterized by intention tremor, gait ataxia, and cognitive decline. Cross-sectional studies to date have provided evidence that neuropsychological changes, such as executive function alterations, or subtle motor changes, may precede the onset of formal FXTAS, perhaps characterizing a prodromal state. However, the lack of longitudinal data has prevented the field from forming a clear picture of progression over time within individuals, and we lack consensus regarding early markers of risk and measures that may be used to track response to intervention. METHODS: This was a longitudinal study of 64 male FMR1 premutation carriers (Pm) without FXTAS at study entry and 30 normal controls (Nc), aged 40 to 80 years (Pm M = 60.0 years; Nc M = 57.4 years). Fifty of the Pm and 22 of the Nc were re-assessed after an average of 2.33 years, and 37 Pm and 20 Nc were re-assessed a third time after an average of another 2.15 years. Eighteen of 64 carriers (28%) converted to FXTAS during the study to date. Neuropsychological assessments at each time point, including components of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB), tapped domains of episodic and working memory, inhibitory control, visual attention, planning, executive control of movement, and manual speed and dexterity. Age-based mixed models were used to examine group differences in change over time on the outcomes in the full sample, and differences were further evaluated in 15 trios (n = 45; 15 Pm "converters," 15 Pm "nonconverters," 15 Nc) that were one-one matched on age, education, and socioeconomic status. RESULTS: Compared to Nc, Pm showed significantly greater rates of change over time in visual working memory, motor dexterity, inhibitory control, and manual movement speed. After multiple comparison correction, significant effects remained for motor dexterity. Worsening inhibitory control and slower manual movements were related to progression in FXTAS stage, but these effects became statistically non-significant after correcting for multiple comparisons. Higher FMR1 mRNA correlated with worsening manual reaction time but did not survive multiple comparisons and no other molecular measures correlated with neuropsychological changes. Finally, trio comparisons revealed greater rate of decline in planning and manual movement speed in Pm converters compared to Pm nonconverters. CONCLUSIONS: Accelerated decline in executive function and subtle motor changes, likely mediated by frontocerebellar circuits, may precede, and then track with the emergence of formal FXTAS symptoms. Further research to develop and harmonize clinical assessment of FMR1 carriers across centers is needed to prepare for future prophylactic and treatment trials for this disorder. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-022-09436-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=574

Medications for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in individuals with or without coexisting autism spectrum disorder: analysis of data from the Swedish prescribed drug register / Viktoria JOHANSSON in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 12 (2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 12 (2020) Titre : Medications for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in individuals with or without coexisting autism spectrum disorder: analysis of data from the Swedish prescribed drug register Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Viktoria JOHANSSON, Auteur ; Sven SANDIN, Auteur ; Zheng CHANG, Auteur ; Mark J. TAYLOR, Auteur ; Paul LICHTENSTEIN, Auteur ; Brian M. D'ONOFRIO, Auteur ; Henrik LARSSON, Auteur ; Clara HELLNER, Auteur ; Linda HALLDNER, Auteur Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent  Adult  Aged  Aged, 80 and over  Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/complications/drug  therapy/epidemiology  Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications/drug therapy/epidemiology  Child  Child, Preschool  Humans  Methylphenidate/therapeutic use  Middle Aged  Pharmaceutical Preparations  Sweden/epidemiology  Young Adult Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Clinical studies found that medication for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is effective in coexisting autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but current research is based on small clinical studies mainly performed on children or adolescents. We here use register data to examine if individuals with ADHD and coexisting ASD present differences in the prescribing patterns of ADHD medication when compared to individuals with pure ADHD. METHODS: Data with information on filled prescriptions and diagnoses was retrieved from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register and the National Patient Register. We identified 34,374 individuals with pure ADHD and 5012 individuals with ADHD and coexisting ASD, aged between 3 and 80 years. The first treatment episode with ADHD medications (≥ 2 filled prescriptions within 90 days) and daily doses of methylphenidate during a 3-year period was measured. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for the likelihood of being prescribed ADHD medication in individuals with and without ASD and Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to compare group differences in dose per day. RESULTS: Individuals with ADHD and coexisting ASD were less likely to start continuous treatment with ADHD medication (ADHD 80.5%; ADHD with ASD 76.2%; OR, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.75-0.86), were less likely to be prescribed methylphenidate, and were more commonly prescribed second line treatments such as dexamphetamine, amphetamine, or modafinil. No group difference was observed for atomoxetine. In adults with ADHD and coexisting ASD, methylphenidate was prescribed in lower daily doses over three years as compared to individuals with pure ADHD. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that there are differences in the medical treatment of individuals with or without ASD. If these differences are due to different medication responses in ASD or due to other factors such as clinicians' perceptions of medication effects in patients with ASD, needs to be further studied. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-020-09352-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=573 [article] Medications for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in individuals with or without coexisting autism spectrum disorder: analysis of data from the Swedish prescribed drug register [texte imprimé] / Viktoria JOHANSSON, Auteur ; Sven SANDIN, Auteur ; Zheng CHANG, Auteur ; Mark J. TAYLOR, Auteur ; Paul LICHTENSTEIN, Auteur ; Brian M. D'ONOFRIO, Auteur ; Henrik LARSSON, Auteur ; Clara HELLNER, Auteur ; Linda HALLDNER, Auteur. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 12 (2020) Mots-clés : Adolescent  Adult  Aged  Aged, 80 and over  Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/complications/drug  therapy/epidemiology  Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications/drug therapy/epidemiology  Child  Child, Preschool  Humans  Methylphenidate/therapeutic use  Middle Aged  Pharmaceutical Preparations  Sweden/epidemiology  Young Adult Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Clinical studies found that medication for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is effective in coexisting autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but current research is based on small clinical studies mainly performed on children or adolescents. We here use register data to examine if individuals with ADHD and coexisting ASD present differences in the prescribing patterns of ADHD medication when compared to individuals with pure ADHD. METHODS: Data with information on filled prescriptions and diagnoses was retrieved from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register and the National Patient Register. We identified 34,374 individuals with pure ADHD and 5012 individuals with ADHD and coexisting ASD, aged between 3 and 80 years. The first treatment episode with ADHD medications (≥ 2 filled prescriptions within 90 days) and daily doses of methylphenidate during a 3-year period was measured. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for the likelihood of being prescribed ADHD medication in individuals with and without ASD and Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to compare group differences in dose per day. RESULTS: Individuals with ADHD and coexisting ASD were less likely to start continuous treatment with ADHD medication (ADHD 80.5%; ADHD with ASD 76.2%; OR, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.75-0.86), were less likely to be prescribed methylphenidate, and were more commonly prescribed second line treatments such as dexamphetamine, amphetamine, or modafinil. No group difference was observed for atomoxetine. In adults with ADHD and coexisting ASD, methylphenidate was prescribed in lower daily doses over three years as compared to individuals with pure ADHD. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that there are differences in the medical treatment of individuals with or without ASD. If these differences are due to different medication responses in ASD or due to other factors such as clinicians' perceptions of medication effects in patients with ASD, needs to be further studied. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-020-09352-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=573

Health comorbidities and cognitive abilities across the lifespan in Down syndrome / Carla M. STARTIN in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 12 (2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 12 (2020) Titre : Health comorbidities and cognitive abilities across the lifespan in Down syndrome Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Carla M. STARTIN, Auteur ; Hana D'SOUZA, Auteur ; George BALL, Auteur ; Sarah HAMBURG, Auteur ; Rosalyn HITHERSAY, Auteur ; Kate M.O. HUGHES, Auteur ; Esha MASSAND, Auteur ; Annette KARMILOFF-SMITH, Auteur ; Michael S.C. THOMAS, Auteur ; LONDOWNS CONSORTIUM, Auteur ; Andre STRYDOM, Auteur Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent  Adult  Aged  Aged, 80 and over  Child  Child, Preschool  Cognition  Comorbidity  Down Syndrome/epidemiology  Female  Humans  Infant  Language Development Disorders/epidemiology  Longevity  Male  Mental Disorders/epidemiology  Middle Aged  Sex Characteristics  United Kingdom/epidemiology  Young Adult  Cognitive outcomes  Down syndrome  Health comorbidities  Intellectual disability  Psychiatric comorbidities  Receptive language ability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Down syndrome (DS) is associated with variable intellectual disability and multiple health and psychiatric comorbidities. The impact of such comorbidities on cognitive outcomes is unknown. We aimed to describe patterns of physical health and psychiatric comorbidity prevalence, and receptive language ability, in DS across the lifespan, and determine relationships with cognitive outcomes. METHODS: Detailed medical histories were collected and cognitive abilities measured using standardised tests for 602 individuals with DS from England and Wales (age range 3 months to 73 years). Differences in prevalence rates between age groups and between males and females were determined using chi-squared or Fisher's exact tests. In adults, rates for psychiatric comorbidities were compared to expected population rates using standardised morbidity ratios (SMRs). Adapted ANCOVA functions were constructed to explore age and sex associations with receptive language ability across the lifespan, and regression analyses were performed to determine whether the presence of health comorbidities or physical phenotypes predicted cognitive abilities. RESULTS: Multiple comorbidities showed prevalence differences across the lifespan, though there were few sex differences. In adults, SMRs were increased in males and decreased in females with DS for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and anxiety. Further, SMRs were increased in both males and females with DS for dementia, autism, ADHD, and depression, with differences more pronounced in females for dementia and autism, and in males for depression. Across the lifespan, receptive language abilities increasingly deviated from age-typical levels, and males scored poorer than females. Only autism and epilepsy were associated with poorer cognitive ability in those aged 16-35 years, with no relationships for physical health comorbidities, including congenital heart defects. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate the prevalence of multiple comorbidities varies across the lifespan in DS, and in adults, rates for psychiatric comorbidities show different patterns for males and females relative to expected population rates. Further, most health comorbidities are not associated with poorer cognitive outcomes in DS, apart from autism and epilepsy. It is essential for clinicians to consider such differences to provide appropriate care and treatment for those with DS and to provide prognostic information relating to cognitive outcomes in those with comorbidities. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-019-9306-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=573 [article] Health comorbidities and cognitive abilities across the lifespan in Down syndrome [texte imprimé] / Carla M. STARTIN, Auteur ; Hana D'SOUZA, Auteur ; George BALL, Auteur ; Sarah HAMBURG, Auteur ; Rosalyn HITHERSAY, Auteur ; Kate M.O. HUGHES, Auteur ; Esha MASSAND, Auteur ; Annette KARMILOFF-SMITH, Auteur ; Michael S.C. THOMAS, Auteur ; LONDOWNS CONSORTIUM, Auteur ; Andre STRYDOM, Auteur. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 12 (2020) Mots-clés : Adolescent  Adult  Aged  Aged, 80 and over  Child  Child, Preschool  Cognition  Comorbidity  Down Syndrome/epidemiology  Female  Humans  Infant  Language Development Disorders/epidemiology  Longevity  Male  Mental Disorders/epidemiology  Middle Aged  Sex Characteristics  United Kingdom/epidemiology  Young Adult  Cognitive outcomes  Down syndrome  Health comorbidities  Intellectual disability  Psychiatric comorbidities  Receptive language ability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Down syndrome (DS) is associated with variable intellectual disability and multiple health and psychiatric comorbidities. The impact of such comorbidities on cognitive outcomes is unknown. We aimed to describe patterns of physical health and psychiatric comorbidity prevalence, and receptive language ability, in DS across the lifespan, and determine relationships with cognitive outcomes. METHODS: Detailed medical histories were collected and cognitive abilities measured using standardised tests for 602 individuals with DS from England and Wales (age range 3 months to 73 years). Differences in prevalence rates between age groups and between males and females were determined using chi-squared or Fisher's exact tests. In adults, rates for psychiatric comorbidities were compared to expected population rates using standardised morbidity ratios (SMRs). Adapted ANCOVA functions were constructed to explore age and sex associations with receptive language ability across the lifespan, and regression analyses were performed to determine whether the presence of health comorbidities or physical phenotypes predicted cognitive abilities. RESULTS: Multiple comorbidities showed prevalence differences across the lifespan, though there were few sex differences. In adults, SMRs were increased in males and decreased in females with DS for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and anxiety. Further, SMRs were increased in both males and females with DS for dementia, autism, ADHD, and depression, with differences more pronounced in females for dementia and autism, and in males for depression. Across the lifespan, receptive language abilities increasingly deviated from age-typical levels, and males scored poorer than females. Only autism and epilepsy were associated with poorer cognitive ability in those aged 16-35 years, with no relationships for physical health comorbidities, including congenital heart defects. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate the prevalence of multiple comorbidities varies across the lifespan in DS, and in adults, rates for psychiatric comorbidities show different patterns for males and females relative to expected population rates. Further, most health comorbidities are not associated with poorer cognitive outcomes in DS, apart from autism and epilepsy. It is essential for clinicians to consider such differences to provide appropriate care and treatment for those with DS and to provide prognostic information relating to cognitive outcomes in those with comorbidities. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-019-9306-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=573

Associations of perceived adverse lifetime experiences with brain structure in UK Biobank participants / Delia A. GHEORGHE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 62-7 (July 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 62-7 (July 2021) . - p.822-830 Titre : Associations of perceived adverse lifetime experiences with brain structure in UK Biobank participants Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Delia A. GHEORGHE, Auteur ; Chenlu LI, Auteur ; John GALLACHER, Auteur ; Sarah BAUERMEISTER, Auteur Année de publication : 2021 Article en page(s) : p.822-830 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adverse Childhood Experiences  Aged  Aged, 80 and over  Biological Specimen Banks  Brain/diagnostic imaging  Humans  Middle Aged  Retrospective Studies  Spouse Abuse  United Kingdom/epidemiology  Brain imaging  adversity  early life experience  large data Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Adversity experiences (AEs) are major risk factors for psychiatric illness, and ample evidence suggests that adversity-related changes in brain structure enhance this vulnerability. To achieve greater understanding of the underlying biological pathways, increased convergence among findings is needed. Suggested future directions may benefit from the use of large population samples which may contribute to achieving this goal. We addressed mechanistic pathways by investigating the associations between multiple brain phenotypes and retrospectively reported AEs in early life (child adversity) and adulthood (partner abuse) in a large population sample, using a cross-sectional approach. METHODS: The UK Biobank resource was used to access imaging-derived phenotypes (IDPs) from 6,751 participants (aged: M = 62.1, SD = 7.2, range = 45-80), together with selected reports of childhood AEs and adult partner abuse. Principal component analysis was used to reduce the dimensionality of the data prior to multivariate tests. RESULTS: The data showed that participants who reported experiences of childhood emotional abuse ('felt hated by family member as a child') had smaller cerebellar and ventral striatum volumes. This result was also depicted in a random subset of participants; however, we note small effect sizes ( ηp2 ( ) < .01), suggestive of modest biological changes. CONCLUSIONS: Using a large population cohort, this study demonstrates the value of big datasets in the study of adversity and using automatically preprocessed neuroimaging phenotypes. While retrospective and cross-sectional characteristics limit interpretation, this study demonstrates that self-perceived adversity reports, however nonspecific, may still expose neural consequences, identifiable with increased statistical power. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13298 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=456 [article] Associations of perceived adverse lifetime experiences with brain structure in UK Biobank participants [texte imprimé] / Delia A. GHEORGHE, Auteur ; Chenlu LI, Auteur ; John GALLACHER, Auteur ; Sarah BAUERMEISTER, Auteur . - 2021 . - p.822-830. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 62-7 (July 2021) . - p.822-830 Mots-clés : Adverse Childhood Experiences  Aged  Aged, 80 and over  Biological Specimen Banks  Brain/diagnostic imaging  Humans  Middle Aged  Retrospective Studies  Spouse Abuse  United Kingdom/epidemiology  Brain imaging  adversity  early life experience  large data Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Adversity experiences (AEs) are major risk factors for psychiatric illness, and ample evidence suggests that adversity-related changes in brain structure enhance this vulnerability. To achieve greater understanding of the underlying biological pathways, increased convergence among findings is needed. Suggested future directions may benefit from the use of large population samples which may contribute to achieving this goal. We addressed mechanistic pathways by investigating the associations between multiple brain phenotypes and retrospectively reported AEs in early life (child adversity) and adulthood (partner abuse) in a large population sample, using a cross-sectional approach. METHODS: The UK Biobank resource was used to access imaging-derived phenotypes (IDPs) from 6,751 participants (aged: M = 62.1, SD = 7.2, range = 45-80), together with selected reports of childhood AEs and adult partner abuse. Principal component analysis was used to reduce the dimensionality of the data prior to multivariate tests. RESULTS: The data showed that participants who reported experiences of childhood emotional abuse ('felt hated by family member as a child') had smaller cerebellar and ventral striatum volumes. This result was also depicted in a random subset of participants; however, we note small effect sizes ( ηp2 ( ) < .01), suggestive of modest biological changes. CONCLUSIONS: Using a large population cohort, this study demonstrates the value of big datasets in the study of adversity and using automatically preprocessed neuroimaging phenotypes. While retrospective and cross-sectional characteristics limit interpretation, this study demonstrates that self-perceived adversity reports, however nonspecific, may still expose neural consequences, identifiable with increased statistical power. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13298 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=456

Associations between co-occurring conditions and age of autism diagnosis: Implications for mental health training and adult autism research / Nikita JADAV in Autism Research, 15-11 (November 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-11 (November 2022) . - p.2112-2125 Titre : Associations between co-occurring conditions and age of autism diagnosis: Implications for mental health training and adult autism research Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Nikita JADAV, Auteur ; Vanessa H. BAL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2112-2125 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Female  Infant, Newborn  Humans  Adolescent  Young Adult  Middle Aged  Aged  Aged, 80 and over  Autistic Disorder/complications/diagnosis/epidemiology  Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications/diagnosis/epidemiology  Mental Health  Surveys and Questionnaires  adults  aging/ASD in adults  clinical psychology  co-morbid conditions  Psychological Services and has received honoraria and/or consulting fees from  Regeneron, Janssen and Simons Foundation for unrelated work. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Adult autism studies are increasingly comprised of later-diagnosed adults, yet little is known about how these adults compare to those diagnosed earlier in life. The present study examines medical and psychiatric conditions endorsed by autistic adults and documents differences between those diagnosed with ASD in childhood versus adulthood, as well as across age groups and sex at birth. 4657 legally independent adults (ages 18-85, M = 33.4 years) with professional ASD diagnoses who completed a medical questionnaire were drawn from the Simons Powering Autism Research Knowledge (SPARK) study. Chi square analyses, t-tests, and logistic regressions were used to compare medical and psychiatric conditions between age groups, sex at birth and adults diagnosed in childhood (before age 21) versus adulthood (at or after 21 years). Overall number of conditions endorsed as being diagnosed by a professional was high, with an average of 1.69 (SD = 2.01) medical or developmental and 2.98 (SD = 2.29) psychiatric conditions reported across the sample. Females were more likely to endorse psychiatric conditions (OR = 1.68). Adult-diagnosed adults were more likely to endorse psychiatric conditions (OR = 2.71) and reported more lifetime psychiatric diagnoses (M = 3.15, SD = 2.23) than their childhood-diagnosed counterparts (M = 2.81, SD = 2.33). These findings underscore the need for research to better understand and treat co-occurring psychiatric conditions in autistic adults and report and consider the age of diagnosis in adult autism samples. Moreover, results suggest it is imperative that mental health professionals receive autism training to promote accurate differential diagnosis and equitable access to mental health care for autistic adults with co-occurring psychiatric conditions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2808 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=488 [article] Associations between co-occurring conditions and age of autism diagnosis: Implications for mental health training and adult autism research [texte imprimé] / Nikita JADAV, Auteur ; Vanessa H. BAL, Auteur . - p.2112-2125. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-11 (November 2022) . - p.2112-2125 Mots-clés : Adult  Female  Infant, Newborn  Humans  Adolescent  Young Adult  Middle Aged  Aged  Aged, 80 and over  Autistic Disorder/complications/diagnosis/epidemiology  Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications/diagnosis/epidemiology  Mental Health  Surveys and Questionnaires  adults  aging/ASD in adults  clinical psychology  co-morbid conditions  Psychological Services and has received honoraria and/or consulting fees from  Regeneron, Janssen and Simons Foundation for unrelated work. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Adult autism studies are increasingly comprised of later-diagnosed adults, yet little is known about how these adults compare to those diagnosed earlier in life. The present study examines medical and psychiatric conditions endorsed by autistic adults and documents differences between those diagnosed with ASD in childhood versus adulthood, as well as across age groups and sex at birth. 4657 legally independent adults (ages 18-85, M = 33.4 years) with professional ASD diagnoses who completed a medical questionnaire were drawn from the Simons Powering Autism Research Knowledge (SPARK) study. Chi square analyses, t-tests, and logistic regressions were used to compare medical and psychiatric conditions between age groups, sex at birth and adults diagnosed in childhood (before age 21) versus adulthood (at or after 21 years). Overall number of conditions endorsed as being diagnosed by a professional was high, with an average of 1.69 (SD = 2.01) medical or developmental and 2.98 (SD = 2.29) psychiatric conditions reported across the sample. Females were more likely to endorse psychiatric conditions (OR = 1.68). Adult-diagnosed adults were more likely to endorse psychiatric conditions (OR = 2.71) and reported more lifetime psychiatric diagnoses (M = 3.15, SD = 2.23) than their childhood-diagnosed counterparts (M = 2.81, SD = 2.33). These findings underscore the need for research to better understand and treat co-occurring psychiatric conditions in autistic adults and report and consider the age of diagnosis in adult autism samples. Moreover, results suggest it is imperative that mental health professionals receive autism training to promote accurate differential diagnosis and equitable access to mental health care for autistic adults with co-occurring psychiatric conditions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2808 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=488

The predictive capacity of psychiatric and psychological polygenic risk scores for distinguishing cases in a child and adolescent psychiatric sample from controls / Arija G. JANSEN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 62-9 (September 2021)  

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Evaluating the latent structure of the non-social domain of autism in autistic adults / Rachel GROVE in Molecular Autism, 12 (2021)  

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