4 recherche sur le mot-clé 'Aged, 80 and over'

Associations of perceived adverse lifetime experiences with brain structure in UK Biobank participants / D. A. GHEORGHE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 62-7 (July 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 62-7 (July 2021) . - p.822-830 Titre : Associations of perceived adverse lifetime experiences with brain structure in UK Biobank participants Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : D. A. GHEORGHE, Auteur ; C. LI, Auteur ; J. GALLACHER, Auteur ; S. BAUERMEISTER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.822-830 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adverse Childhood Experiences  Aged  Aged, 80 and over  Biological Specimen Banks  Brain/diagnostic imaging  Humans  Middle Aged  Retrospective Studies  Spouse Abuse  United Kingdom/epidemiology  Brain imaging  adversity  early life experience  large data Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Adversity experiences (AEs) are major risk factors for psychiatric illness, and ample evidence suggests that adversity-related changes in brain structure enhance this vulnerability. To achieve greater understanding of the underlying biological pathways, increased convergence among findings is needed. Suggested future directions may benefit from the use of large population samples which may contribute to achieving this goal. We addressed mechanistic pathways by investigating the associations between multiple brain phenotypes and retrospectively reported AEs in early life (child adversity) and adulthood (partner abuse) in a large population sample, using a cross-sectional approach. METHODS: The UK Biobank resource was used to access imaging-derived phenotypes (IDPs) from 6,751 participants (aged: M = 62.1, SD = 7.2, range = 45-80), together with selected reports of childhood AEs and adult partner abuse. Principal component analysis was used to reduce the dimensionality of the data prior to multivariate tests. RESULTS: The data showed that participants who reported experiences of childhood emotional abuse ('felt hated by family member as a child') had smaller cerebellar and ventral striatum volumes. This result was also depicted in a random subset of participants; however, we note small effect sizes ( ?p2 ( ) < .01), suggestive of modest biological changes. CONCLUSIONS: Using a large population cohort, this study demonstrates the value of big datasets in the study of adversity and using automatically preprocessed neuroimaging phenotypes. While retrospective and cross-sectional characteristics limit interpretation, this study demonstrates that self-perceived adversity reports, however nonspecific, may still expose neural consequences, identifiable with increased statistical power. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13298 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=456 [article] Associations of perceived adverse lifetime experiences with brain structure in UK Biobank participants [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / D. A. GHEORGHE, Auteur ; C. LI, Auteur ; J. GALLACHER, Auteur ; S. BAUERMEISTER, Auteur . - p.822-830. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 62-7 (July 2021) . - p.822-830 Mots-clés : Adverse Childhood Experiences  Aged  Aged, 80 and over  Biological Specimen Banks  Brain/diagnostic imaging  Humans  Middle Aged  Retrospective Studies  Spouse Abuse  United Kingdom/epidemiology  Brain imaging  adversity  early life experience  large data Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Adversity experiences (AEs) are major risk factors for psychiatric illness, and ample evidence suggests that adversity-related changes in brain structure enhance this vulnerability. To achieve greater understanding of the underlying biological pathways, increased convergence among findings is needed. Suggested future directions may benefit from the use of large population samples which may contribute to achieving this goal. We addressed mechanistic pathways by investigating the associations between multiple brain phenotypes and retrospectively reported AEs in early life (child adversity) and adulthood (partner abuse) in a large population sample, using a cross-sectional approach. METHODS: The UK Biobank resource was used to access imaging-derived phenotypes (IDPs) from 6,751 participants (aged: M = 62.1, SD = 7.2, range = 45-80), together with selected reports of childhood AEs and adult partner abuse. Principal component analysis was used to reduce the dimensionality of the data prior to multivariate tests. RESULTS: The data showed that participants who reported experiences of childhood emotional abuse ('felt hated by family member as a child') had smaller cerebellar and ventral striatum volumes. This result was also depicted in a random subset of participants; however, we note small effect sizes ( ?p2 ( ) < .01), suggestive of modest biological changes. CONCLUSIONS: Using a large population cohort, this study demonstrates the value of big datasets in the study of adversity and using automatically preprocessed neuroimaging phenotypes. While retrospective and cross-sectional characteristics limit interpretation, this study demonstrates that self-perceived adversity reports, however nonspecific, may still expose neural consequences, identifiable with increased statistical power. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13298 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=456

Associations between co-occurring conditions and age of autism diagnosis: Implications for mental health training and adult autism research / Nikita JADAV in Autism Research, 15-11 (November 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-11 (November 2022) . - p.2112-2125 Titre : Associations between co-occurring conditions and age of autism diagnosis: Implications for mental health training and adult autism research Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Nikita JADAV, Auteur ; Vanessa H. BAL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2112-2125 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Female  Infant, Newborn  Humans  Adolescent  Young Adult  Middle Aged  Aged  Aged, 80 and over  Autistic Disorder/complications/diagnosis/epidemiology  Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications/diagnosis/epidemiology  Mental Health  Surveys and Questionnaires  adults  aging/ASD in adults  clinical psychology  co-morbid conditions  Psychological Services and has received honoraria and/or consulting fees from  Regeneron, Janssen and Simons Foundation for unrelated work. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Adult autism studies are increasingly comprised of later-diagnosed adults, yet little is known about how these adults compare to those diagnosed earlier in life. The present study examines medical and psychiatric conditions endorsed by autistic adults and documents differences between those diagnosed with ASD in childhood versus adulthood, as well as across age groups and sex at birth. 4657 legally independent adults (ages 18-85, M = 33.4 years) with professional ASD diagnoses who completed a medical questionnaire were drawn from the Simons Powering Autism Research Knowledge (SPARK) study. Chi square analyses, t-tests, and logistic regressions were used to compare medical and psychiatric conditions between age groups, sex at birth and adults diagnosed in childhood (before age 21) versus adulthood (at or after 21 years). Overall number of conditions endorsed as being diagnosed by a professional was high, with an average of 1.69 (SD = 2.01) medical or developmental and 2.98 (SD = 2.29) psychiatric conditions reported across the sample. Females were more likely to endorse psychiatric conditions (OR = 1.68). Adult-diagnosed adults were more likely to endorse psychiatric conditions (OR = 2.71) and reported more lifetime psychiatric diagnoses (M = 3.15, SD = 2.23) than their childhood-diagnosed counterparts (M = 2.81, SD = 2.33). These findings underscore the need for research to better understand and treat co-occurring psychiatric conditions in autistic adults and report and consider the age of diagnosis in adult autism samples. Moreover, results suggest it is imperative that mental health professionals receive autism training to promote accurate differential diagnosis and equitable access to mental health care for autistic adults with co-occurring psychiatric conditions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2808 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=488 [article] Associations between co-occurring conditions and age of autism diagnosis: Implications for mental health training and adult autism research [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Nikita JADAV, Auteur ; Vanessa H. BAL, Auteur . - p.2112-2125. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-11 (November 2022) . - p.2112-2125 Mots-clés : Adult  Female  Infant, Newborn  Humans  Adolescent  Young Adult  Middle Aged  Aged  Aged, 80 and over  Autistic Disorder/complications/diagnosis/epidemiology  Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications/diagnosis/epidemiology  Mental Health  Surveys and Questionnaires  adults  aging/ASD in adults  clinical psychology  co-morbid conditions  Psychological Services and has received honoraria and/or consulting fees from  Regeneron, Janssen and Simons Foundation for unrelated work. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Adult autism studies are increasingly comprised of later-diagnosed adults, yet little is known about how these adults compare to those diagnosed earlier in life. The present study examines medical and psychiatric conditions endorsed by autistic adults and documents differences between those diagnosed with ASD in childhood versus adulthood, as well as across age groups and sex at birth. 4657 legally independent adults (ages 18-85, M = 33.4 years) with professional ASD diagnoses who completed a medical questionnaire were drawn from the Simons Powering Autism Research Knowledge (SPARK) study. Chi square analyses, t-tests, and logistic regressions were used to compare medical and psychiatric conditions between age groups, sex at birth and adults diagnosed in childhood (before age 21) versus adulthood (at or after 21 years). Overall number of conditions endorsed as being diagnosed by a professional was high, with an average of 1.69 (SD = 2.01) medical or developmental and 2.98 (SD = 2.29) psychiatric conditions reported across the sample. Females were more likely to endorse psychiatric conditions (OR = 1.68). Adult-diagnosed adults were more likely to endorse psychiatric conditions (OR = 2.71) and reported more lifetime psychiatric diagnoses (M = 3.15, SD = 2.23) than their childhood-diagnosed counterparts (M = 2.81, SD = 2.33). These findings underscore the need for research to better understand and treat co-occurring psychiatric conditions in autistic adults and report and consider the age of diagnosis in adult autism samples. Moreover, results suggest it is imperative that mental health professionals receive autism training to promote accurate differential diagnosis and equitable access to mental health care for autistic adults with co-occurring psychiatric conditions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2808 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=488

The predictive capacity of psychiatric and psychological polygenic risk scores for distinguishing cases in a child and adolescent psychiatric sample from controls / A. G. JANSEN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 62-9 (September 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 62-9 (September 2021) . - p.1079-1089 Titre : The predictive capacity of psychiatric and psychological polygenic risk scores for distinguishing cases in a child and adolescent psychiatric sample from controls Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : A. G. JANSEN, Auteur ; P. R. JANSEN, Auteur ; Jeanne E. SAVAGE, Auteur ; J. KRAFT, Auteur ; N. SKARABIS, Auteur ; Tinca J. C. POLDERMAN, Auteur ; G. C. DIELEMAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1079-1089 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent  Adult  Aged  Aged, 80 and over  Anxiety Disorders/epidemiology/genetics  Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity  Child  Child, Preschool  Depressive Disorder, Major  Humans  Infant  Middle Aged  Multifactorial Inheritance/genetics  Risk Factors  Young Adult  Genetics  comorbidity  general P factor  neurodevelopmental disorders  psychiatry Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Psychiatric traits are heritable, highly comorbid and genetically correlated, suggesting that genetic effects that are shared across disorders are at play. The aim of the present study is to quantify the predictive capacity of common genetic variation of a variety of traits, as captured by their PRS, to predict case-control status in a child and adolescent psychiatric sample including controls to reveal which traits contribute to the shared genetic risk across disorders. METHOD: Polygenic risk scores (PRS) of 14 traits were used as predictor phenotypes to predict case-control status in a clinical sample. Clinical cases (N = 1,402), age 1-21, diagnostic categories: Autism spectrum disorders (N = 492), Attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorders (N = 471), Anxiety (N = 293), disruptive behaviors (N = 101), eating disorders (N = 97), OCD (N = 43), Tic disorder (N = 50), Disorder of infancy, childhood or adolescence NOS (N = 65), depression (N = 64), motor, learning and communication disorders (N = 59), Anorexia Nervosa (N = 48), somatoform disorders (N = 47), Trauma/stress (N = 39) and controls (N = 1,448, age 17-84) of European ancestry. First, these 14 PRS were tested in univariate regression analyses. The traits that significantly predicted case-control status were included in a multivariable regression model to investigate the gain in explained variance when leveraging the genetic effects of multiple traits simultaneously. RESULTS: In the univariate analyses, we observed significant associations between clinical status and the PRS of educational attainment (EA), smoking initiation (SI), intelligence, neuroticism, alcohol dependence, ADHD, major depression and anti-social behavior. EA (p-value: 3.53E-20, explained variance: 3.99%, OR: 0.66), and SI (p-value: 4.77E-10, explained variance: 1.91%, OR: 1.33) were the most predictive traits. In the multivariable analysis with these eight significant traits, EA and SI, remained significant predictors. The explained variance of the PRS in the model with these eight traits combined was 5.9%. CONCLUSION: Our study provides more insights into the genetic signal that is shared between childhood and adolescent psychiatric disorders. As such, our findings might guide future studies on psychiatric comorbidity and offer insights into shared etiology between psychiatric disorders. The increase in explained variance when leveraging the genetic signal of different predictor traits supports a multivariable approach to optimize precision accuracy for general psychopathology. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13370 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=456 [article] The predictive capacity of psychiatric and psychological polygenic risk scores for distinguishing cases in a child and adolescent psychiatric sample from controls [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / A. G. JANSEN, Auteur ; P. R. JANSEN, Auteur ; Jeanne E. SAVAGE, Auteur ; J. KRAFT, Auteur ; N. SKARABIS, Auteur ; Tinca J. C. POLDERMAN, Auteur ; G. C. DIELEMAN, Auteur . - p.1079-1089. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 62-9 (September 2021) . - p.1079-1089 Mots-clés : Adolescent  Adult  Aged  Aged, 80 and over  Anxiety Disorders/epidemiology/genetics  Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity  Child  Child, Preschool  Depressive Disorder, Major  Humans  Infant  Middle Aged  Multifactorial Inheritance/genetics  Risk Factors  Young Adult  Genetics  comorbidity  general P factor  neurodevelopmental disorders  psychiatry Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Psychiatric traits are heritable, highly comorbid and genetically correlated, suggesting that genetic effects that are shared across disorders are at play. The aim of the present study is to quantify the predictive capacity of common genetic variation of a variety of traits, as captured by their PRS, to predict case-control status in a child and adolescent psychiatric sample including controls to reveal which traits contribute to the shared genetic risk across disorders. METHOD: Polygenic risk scores (PRS) of 14 traits were used as predictor phenotypes to predict case-control status in a clinical sample. Clinical cases (N = 1,402), age 1-21, diagnostic categories: Autism spectrum disorders (N = 492), Attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorders (N = 471), Anxiety (N = 293), disruptive behaviors (N = 101), eating disorders (N = 97), OCD (N = 43), Tic disorder (N = 50), Disorder of infancy, childhood or adolescence NOS (N = 65), depression (N = 64), motor, learning and communication disorders (N = 59), Anorexia Nervosa (N = 48), somatoform disorders (N = 47), Trauma/stress (N = 39) and controls (N = 1,448, age 17-84) of European ancestry. First, these 14 PRS were tested in univariate regression analyses. The traits that significantly predicted case-control status were included in a multivariable regression model to investigate the gain in explained variance when leveraging the genetic effects of multiple traits simultaneously. RESULTS: In the univariate analyses, we observed significant associations between clinical status and the PRS of educational attainment (EA), smoking initiation (SI), intelligence, neuroticism, alcohol dependence, ADHD, major depression and anti-social behavior. EA (p-value: 3.53E-20, explained variance: 3.99%, OR: 0.66), and SI (p-value: 4.77E-10, explained variance: 1.91%, OR: 1.33) were the most predictive traits. In the multivariable analysis with these eight significant traits, EA and SI, remained significant predictors. The explained variance of the PRS in the model with these eight traits combined was 5.9%. CONCLUSION: Our study provides more insights into the genetic signal that is shared between childhood and adolescent psychiatric disorders. As such, our findings might guide future studies on psychiatric comorbidity and offer insights into shared etiology between psychiatric disorders. The increase in explained variance when leveraging the genetic signal of different predictor traits supports a multivariable approach to optimize precision accuracy for general psychopathology. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13370 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=456

Evaluating the latent structure of the non-social domain of autism in autistic adults / R. GROVE in Molecular Autism, 12 (2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 12 (2021) . - 22 p. Titre : Evaluating the latent structure of the non-social domain of autism in autistic adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : R. GROVE, Auteur ; Sander BEGEER, Auteur ; Anke M. SCHEEREN, Auteur ; R. F. WEILAND, Auteur ; R. A. HOEKSTRA, Auteur Article en page(s) : 22 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent  Adult  Aged  Aged, 80 and over  Autistic Disorder/psychology  Female  Humans  Male  Middle Aged  Psychiatric Status Rating Scales  Young Adult  Adults  Autism  Non-social autistic traits  Repetitive behaviours Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: The social domain of autism has been studied in depth, but the relationship between the non-social traits of autism has received less attention. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) outlines four criteria that make up the non-social domain including repetitive motor movements, insistence on sameness, restricted interests and sensory sensitivity. There is a lack of research into the relationship between these four criteria. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the non-social traits of autism in a large sample of autistic adults. It explored whether these traits are best conceptualised as four distinct factors, or exist along a single dimension. METHODS: Participants included autistic adults from the Netherlands Autism Register. The four components identified within the DSM-5 non-social domain were measured by items from the Adult Routines Inventory, the Autism Spectrum Quotient short and the Sensory Perception Quotient short. Confirmatory factor analysis, as well as exploratory factor analysis and exploratory structural equation modelling, was implemented to examine the relationship between these four criteria. RESULTS: Results indicated that a four-factor model provided the best fit, mapping onto the DSM-5 criteria. These four factors were moderately correlated, suggesting that four distinct, yet related factors best describe the non-social domain of autism. The one-factor model did not provide a good fit, highlighting that the non-social domain of autism is not a unitary construct. LIMITATIONS: The study included autistic adults who were cognitively able to complete the self-report measures. This may limit the generalisability of the findings to those who are less able to do so. CONCLUSIONS: This study provided evidence for the multidimensional nature of the non-social domain of autism. Given only two of the four criteria within the non-social domain need to be endorsed for a diagnosis of autism, there is room for substantial variation across individuals, who will have a unique profile within the non-social domain. The results have implications for our understanding of the heterogeneous nature of autistic traits, as well as for how we conceptualise autism as a diagnostic category. This is important for the provision of diagnosis and support within research and clinical practice. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-020-00401-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=459 [article] Evaluating the latent structure of the non-social domain of autism in autistic adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / R. GROVE, Auteur ; Sander BEGEER, Auteur ; Anke M. SCHEEREN, Auteur ; R. F. WEILAND, Auteur ; R. A. HOEKSTRA, Auteur . - 22 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 12 (2021) . - 22 p. Mots-clés : Adolescent  Adult  Aged  Aged, 80 and over  Autistic Disorder/psychology  Female  Humans  Male  Middle Aged  Psychiatric Status Rating Scales  Young Adult  Adults  Autism  Non-social autistic traits  Repetitive behaviours Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: The social domain of autism has been studied in depth, but the relationship between the non-social traits of autism has received less attention. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) outlines four criteria that make up the non-social domain including repetitive motor movements, insistence on sameness, restricted interests and sensory sensitivity. There is a lack of research into the relationship between these four criteria. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the non-social traits of autism in a large sample of autistic adults. It explored whether these traits are best conceptualised as four distinct factors, or exist along a single dimension. METHODS: Participants included autistic adults from the Netherlands Autism Register. The four components identified within the DSM-5 non-social domain were measured by items from the Adult Routines Inventory, the Autism Spectrum Quotient short and the Sensory Perception Quotient short. Confirmatory factor analysis, as well as exploratory factor analysis and exploratory structural equation modelling, was implemented to examine the relationship between these four criteria. RESULTS: Results indicated that a four-factor model provided the best fit, mapping onto the DSM-5 criteria. These four factors were moderately correlated, suggesting that four distinct, yet related factors best describe the non-social domain of autism. The one-factor model did not provide a good fit, highlighting that the non-social domain of autism is not a unitary construct. LIMITATIONS: The study included autistic adults who were cognitively able to complete the self-report measures. This may limit the generalisability of the findings to those who are less able to do so. CONCLUSIONS: This study provided evidence for the multidimensional nature of the non-social domain of autism. Given only two of the four criteria within the non-social domain need to be endorsed for a diagnosis of autism, there is room for substantial variation across individuals, who will have a unique profile within the non-social domain. The results have implications for our understanding of the heterogeneous nature of autistic traits, as well as for how we conceptualise autism as a diagnostic category. This is important for the provision of diagnosis and support within research and clinical practice. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-020-00401-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=459