EU-AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project (LEAP): the autism twin cohort / Johan ISAKSSON in Molecular Autism, 9 (2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 9 (2018) . - 26p. Titre : EU-AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project (LEAP): the autism twin cohort Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Johan ISAKSSON, Auteur ; Kristiina TAMMIMIES, Auteur ; Janina NEUFELD, Auteur ; Elodie CAUVET, Auteur ; Karl LUNDIN, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; Eva LOTH, Auteur ; Declan G.M. MURPHY, Auteur ; Will SPOOREN, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur Article en page(s) : 26p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent  Autistic Disorder/diagnosis/epidemiology/genetics  Child  Cohort Studies  Europe  Female  Humans  Longitudinal Studies  Male  Phenotype  Twins, Dizygotic/statistics & numerical data  Twins, Monozygotic/statistics & numerical data  adhd  Autism spectrum disorder  Biomarkers  Brain  Cognition  Genetics  Intervention  Twins Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : EU-AIMS is the largest European research program aiming to identify stratification biomarkers and novel interventions for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Within the program, the Longitudinal European Autism Project (LEAP) has recruited and comprehensively phenotyped a rare sample of 76 monozygotic and dizygotic twins, discordant, or concordant for ASD plus 30 typically developing twins. The aim of this letter is to complete previous descriptions of the LEAP case-control sample, clinically characterize, and investigate the suitability of the sample for ASD twin-control analyses purposes and share some 'lessons learnt.' Among the twins, a diagnosis of ASD is associated with increased symptom levels of ADHD, higher rates of intellectual disability, and lower family income. For the future, we conclude that the LEAP twin cohort offers multiple options for analyses of genetic and shared and non-shared environmental factors to generate new hypotheses for the larger cohort of LEAP singletons, but particularly cross-validate and refine evidence from it. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-018-0212-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=371 [article] EU-AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project (LEAP): the autism twin cohort [texte imprimé] / Johan ISAKSSON, Auteur ; Kristiina TAMMIMIES, Auteur ; Janina NEUFELD, Auteur ; Elodie CAUVET, Auteur ; Karl LUNDIN, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; Eva LOTH, Auteur ; Declan G.M. MURPHY, Auteur ; Will SPOOREN, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur . - 26p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 9 (2018) . - 26p. Mots-clés : Adolescent  Autistic Disorder/diagnosis/epidemiology/genetics  Child  Cohort Studies  Europe  Female  Humans  Longitudinal Studies  Male  Phenotype  Twins, Dizygotic/statistics & numerical data  Twins, Monozygotic/statistics & numerical data  adhd  Autism spectrum disorder  Biomarkers  Brain  Cognition  Genetics  Intervention  Twins Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : EU-AIMS is the largest European research program aiming to identify stratification biomarkers and novel interventions for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Within the program, the Longitudinal European Autism Project (LEAP) has recruited and comprehensively phenotyped a rare sample of 76 monozygotic and dizygotic twins, discordant, or concordant for ASD plus 30 typically developing twins. The aim of this letter is to complete previous descriptions of the LEAP case-control sample, clinically characterize, and investigate the suitability of the sample for ASD twin-control analyses purposes and share some 'lessons learnt.' Among the twins, a diagnosis of ASD is associated with increased symptom levels of ADHD, higher rates of intellectual disability, and lower family income. For the future, we conclude that the LEAP twin cohort offers multiple options for analyses of genetic and shared and non-shared environmental factors to generate new hypotheses for the larger cohort of LEAP singletons, but particularly cross-validate and refine evidence from it. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-018-0212-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=371

Familial confounding on the ability to read minds: A co-twin control study / Johan ISAKSSON in Autism, 23-8 (November 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 23-8 (November 2019) . - p.1948-1956 Titre : Familial confounding on the ability to read minds: A co-twin control study Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Johan ISAKSSON, Auteur ; Margot J. TAYLOR, Auteur ; Karl LUNDIN, Auteur ; Janina NEUFELD, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1948-1956 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder  autism spectrum disorders  environmental factors  genetics  psychiatric comorbidity  social cognition and social behavior Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Alterations in social cognition are hypothesized to underlie social communication challenges in autism spectrum disorder. However, the etiologic underpinnings driving this association, as well as the impact of other psychiatric conditions on the association, remain unclear. Using a co-twin control design, we examined n = 308 twins (mean age = 16.63; 46% females) with autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, affective disorders, or typical development using the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test to operationalize social cognition ability. Clinical diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder, as well as the extent of quantitative autistic traits, as measured by parental reports using the Social Responsiveness Scale-2, predicted fewer expected responses on the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test across the pairs. The association remained when adjusting for other diagnoses and IQ. In addition, male sex, lower age, and lower IQ predicted poorer performance on the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test. The associations between autism and social cognition ability were lost within pairs in both the full sample and the monozygotic subsample. We conclude that the association between autism and social cognition across the sample highlights the importance of social cognition alterations in autism spectrum disorder when compared with other conditions. The attenuation of the association in the within-pair models indicate familial confounding, such as genes and shared environment, influencing both autism and social cognition. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361319836380 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=407 [article] Familial confounding on the ability to read minds: A co-twin control study [texte imprimé] / Johan ISAKSSON, Auteur ; Margot J. TAYLOR, Auteur ; Karl LUNDIN, Auteur ; Janina NEUFELD, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur . - p.1948-1956. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 23-8 (November 2019) . - p.1948-1956 Mots-clés : attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder  autism spectrum disorders  environmental factors  genetics  psychiatric comorbidity  social cognition and social behavior Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Alterations in social cognition are hypothesized to underlie social communication challenges in autism spectrum disorder. However, the etiologic underpinnings driving this association, as well as the impact of other psychiatric conditions on the association, remain unclear. Using a co-twin control design, we examined n = 308 twins (mean age = 16.63; 46% females) with autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, affective disorders, or typical development using the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test to operationalize social cognition ability. Clinical diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder, as well as the extent of quantitative autistic traits, as measured by parental reports using the Social Responsiveness Scale-2, predicted fewer expected responses on the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test across the pairs. The association remained when adjusting for other diagnoses and IQ. In addition, male sex, lower age, and lower IQ predicted poorer performance on the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test. The associations between autism and social cognition ability were lost within pairs in both the full sample and the monozygotic subsample. We conclude that the association between autism and social cognition across the sample highlights the importance of social cognition alterations in autism spectrum disorder when compared with other conditions. The attenuation of the association in the within-pair models indicate familial confounding, such as genes and shared environment, influencing both autism and social cognition. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361319836380 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=407

Functional gender differences in autism: An international, multidisciplinary expert survey using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health model / Karl LUNDIN in Autism, 25-4 (May 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 25-4 (May 2021) . - p.1020-1035 Titre : Functional gender differences in autism: An international, multidisciplinary expert survey using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health model Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Karl LUNDIN, Auteur ; Soheil MAHDI, Auteur ; Johan ISAKSSON, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1020-1035 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Disability  International Classification of Functioning  and Health  autism  cross-cultural  female autism phenotype  functioning  gender differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In this study, we explored if professionals working with autistic people in different regions of the world perceive differences between females and males diagnosed with the condition. A total of 131 professionals responded to a survey that included an open question about gender differences in autism. Of these, 32 responded that they do not perceive gender differences in autism. The information provided by the other 99 experts was analyzed to identify common patterns. Three main differences were found, (1) Matching the clinical conceptualization of autism where professionals described differences in core symptoms of autism, and that autistic females were less similar to the conceptualization of autism. In (2) Co-existing problems, professionals described that autistic males display more apparent problems including hyperactivity, while autistic females were perceived as having more internalizing issues such as anxiety and eating disorders. In the last category, (3) Navigating the social environment, experts perceived autistic females as more socially motivated, and more inclined to camouflage social difficulties, making their challenges less evident. Professionals also perceived differences in the social environment, for example, that autistic girls receive more support from their peers while autistic boys are more often bullied. Our results suggest that professionals working in different parts of the world acknowledge gender differences in autism, but also that there might be some regional differences. Finally, we found that gender differences reported by the international professionals could largely be assessed with a shortened version of the International Classification of Functioning by the World Health Organization, specifically developed for autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320975311 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=444 [article] Functional gender differences in autism: An international, multidisciplinary expert survey using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health model [texte imprimé] / Karl LUNDIN, Auteur ; Soheil MAHDI, Auteur ; Johan ISAKSSON, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur . - p.1020-1035. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 25-4 (May 2021) . - p.1020-1035 Mots-clés : Disability  International Classification of Functioning  and Health  autism  cross-cultural  female autism phenotype  functioning  gender differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In this study, we explored if professionals working with autistic people in different regions of the world perceive differences between females and males diagnosed with the condition. A total of 131 professionals responded to a survey that included an open question about gender differences in autism. Of these, 32 responded that they do not perceive gender differences in autism. The information provided by the other 99 experts was analyzed to identify common patterns. Three main differences were found, (1) Matching the clinical conceptualization of autism where professionals described differences in core symptoms of autism, and that autistic females were less similar to the conceptualization of autism. In (2) Co-existing problems, professionals described that autistic males display more apparent problems including hyperactivity, while autistic females were perceived as having more internalizing issues such as anxiety and eating disorders. In the last category, (3) Navigating the social environment, experts perceived autistic females as more socially motivated, and more inclined to camouflage social difficulties, making their challenges less evident. Professionals also perceived differences in the social environment, for example, that autistic girls receive more support from their peers while autistic boys are more often bullied. Our results suggest that professionals working in different parts of the world acknowledge gender differences in autism, but also that there might be some regional differences. Finally, we found that gender differences reported by the international professionals could largely be assessed with a shortened version of the International Classification of Functioning by the World Health Organization, specifically developed for autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320975311 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=444

Global and local visual processing in autism - a co-twin-control study / Janina NEUFELD in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 61-4 (April 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 61-4 (April 2020) . - p.470-479 Titre : Global and local visual processing in autism - a co-twin-control study Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Janina NEUFELD, Auteur ; A. HAGSTROM, Auteur ; Annelies VAN'T WESTEINDE, Auteur ; Karl LUNDIN, Auteur ; Elodie CAUVET, Auteur ; Charlotte WILLFORS, Auteur ; Johan ISAKSSON, Auteur ; Paul LICHTENSTEIN, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.470-479 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder  central coherence  co-twin-control design  detail focus  global/local visual processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is associated with altered global and local visual processing. However, the nature of these alterations remains controversial, with contradictory findings and notions ranging from a reduced drive to integrate information into a coherent 'gestalt' ("weak central coherence" = WCC) to an enhanced perceptual functioning (EPF) in local processing. METHODS: This study assessed the association between autism and global/local visual processing, using a large sample of monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins (N = 290, 48% females, age = 8-31 years). The Fragmented Pictures Test (FPT) assessed global processing, whereas local processing was estimated with the Embedded Figures Test (EFT) and the Block Design Test (BDT). Autism was assessed both categorically (clinical diagnosis), and dimensionally (autistic traits). Associations between visual tasks and autism were estimated both across the cohort and within-twin pairs where all factors shared between twins are implicitly controlled. RESULTS: Clinical diagnosis and autistic traits predicted a need for more visual information for gestalt processing in the FPT across the cohort. For clinical diagnosis, this association remained within-pairs and at trend-level even within MZ twin pairs alone. ASD and higher autistic traits predicted lower EFT and BDT performance across the cohort, but these associations were lost within-pairs. CONCLUSIONS: In line with the WCC account, our findings indicate an association between autism and reduced global visual processing in children, adolescents and young adults (but no evidence for EPF). Observing a similar association within MZ twins suggests a non-shared environmental contribution. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13120 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=421 [article] Global and local visual processing in autism - a co-twin-control study [texte imprimé] / Janina NEUFELD, Auteur ; A. HAGSTROM, Auteur ; Annelies VAN'T WESTEINDE, Auteur ; Karl LUNDIN, Auteur ; Elodie CAUVET, Auteur ; Charlotte WILLFORS, Auteur ; Johan ISAKSSON, Auteur ; Paul LICHTENSTEIN, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur . - p.470-479. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 61-4 (April 2020) . - p.470-479 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder  central coherence  co-twin-control design  detail focus  global/local visual processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is associated with altered global and local visual processing. However, the nature of these alterations remains controversial, with contradictory findings and notions ranging from a reduced drive to integrate information into a coherent 'gestalt' ("weak central coherence" = WCC) to an enhanced perceptual functioning (EPF) in local processing. METHODS: This study assessed the association between autism and global/local visual processing, using a large sample of monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins (N = 290, 48% females, age = 8-31 years). The Fragmented Pictures Test (FPT) assessed global processing, whereas local processing was estimated with the Embedded Figures Test (EFT) and the Block Design Test (BDT). Autism was assessed both categorically (clinical diagnosis), and dimensionally (autistic traits). Associations between visual tasks and autism were estimated both across the cohort and within-twin pairs where all factors shared between twins are implicitly controlled. RESULTS: Clinical diagnosis and autistic traits predicted a need for more visual information for gestalt processing in the FPT across the cohort. For clinical diagnosis, this association remained within-pairs and at trend-level even within MZ twin pairs alone. ASD and higher autistic traits predicted lower EFT and BDT performance across the cohort, but these associations were lost within-pairs. CONCLUSIONS: In line with the WCC account, our findings indicate an association between autism and reduced global visual processing in children, adolescents and young adults (but no evidence for EPF). Observing a similar association within MZ twins suggests a non-shared environmental contribution. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13120 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=421

Social Cognition in Autism and Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Co-twin Control Study / Johan ISAKSSON in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49-7 (July 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 49-7 (July 2019) . - p.2838-2848 Titre : Social Cognition in Autism and Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Co-twin Control Study Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Johan ISAKSSON, Auteur ; Annelies VAN'T WESTEINDE, Auteur ; Elodie CAUVET, Auteur ; Ralf KUJA-HALKOLA, Auteur ; Karl LUNDIN, Auteur ; Janina NEUFELD, Auteur ; Charlotte WILLFORS, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2838-2848 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adhd  Autism spectrum disorder  Movie for the assessment of social cognition  Ratss  Twins Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Alterations in social cognition (SC) are hypothesized to underlie social communication and interaction challenges in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The aetiological underpinnings driving this association remain unclear. We examined SC in 196 twins with ASD, other neurodevelopmental disorders or typical development using the naturalistic Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition. Autism and its severity were assessed with the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2, and autistic traits with the Social Responsiveness Scale-2. Using within twin-pair regression models, controlling for age, sex, IQ, and unmeasured familial confounders such as genetic background and shared-environment, SC correlated with ASD diagnosis, autism severity, and autistic traits. Our findings highlight the importance of SC alterations in autism and suggest a non-shared environmental impact on the association. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04001-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=402 [article] Social Cognition in Autism and Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Co-twin Control Study [texte imprimé] / Johan ISAKSSON, Auteur ; Annelies VAN'T WESTEINDE, Auteur ; Elodie CAUVET, Auteur ; Ralf KUJA-HALKOLA, Auteur ; Karl LUNDIN, Auteur ; Janina NEUFELD, Auteur ; Charlotte WILLFORS, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur . - p.2838-2848. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 49-7 (July 2019) . - p.2838-2848 Mots-clés : Adhd  Autism spectrum disorder  Movie for the assessment of social cognition  Ratss  Twins Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Alterations in social cognition (SC) are hypothesized to underlie social communication and interaction challenges in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The aetiological underpinnings driving this association remain unclear. We examined SC in 196 twins with ASD, other neurodevelopmental disorders or typical development using the naturalistic Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition. Autism and its severity were assessed with the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2, and autistic traits with the Social Responsiveness Scale-2. Using within twin-pair regression models, controlling for age, sex, IQ, and unmeasured familial confounders such as genetic background and shared-environment, SC correlated with ASD diagnosis, autism severity, and autistic traits. Our findings highlight the importance of SC alterations in autism and suggest a non-shared environmental impact on the association. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04001-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=402

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