Decreased central corpus callosum volume in autistic children is associated with repetitive behaviours and motor skills / Denis PERUZZO ; Filippo ARRIGONI ; Silvia BUSTI CECCARELLI ; Laura VILLA ; Elisa MANI ; Eleonora MAGGIONI ; Paolo BRAMBILLA ; Maria NOBILE ; Massimo MOLTENI ; Alessandro CRIPPA in Research in Autism, 125 (July 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism > 125 (July 2025) . - p.202626 Titre : Decreased central corpus callosum volume in autistic children is associated with repetitive behaviours and motor skills Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Denis PERUZZO, Auteur ; Filippo ARRIGONI, Auteur ; Silvia BUSTI CECCARELLI, Auteur ; Laura VILLA, Auteur ; Elisa MANI, Auteur ; Eleonora MAGGIONI, Auteur ; Paolo BRAMBILLA, Auteur ; Maria NOBILE, Auteur ; Massimo MOLTENI, Auteur ; Alessandro CRIPPA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.202626 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Corpus callosum  Magnetic resonance imaging  Restricted repetitive behaviours  Motor skills Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Introduction Along with the core characteristics of the condition, autistic individuals commonly experience motor coordination difficulties, potentially related to a reduced cortical connectivity. Being the largest human commissure, the corpus callosum (CC) plays an essential role in interhemispheric connectivity and has been often involved among autistic atypicalities. This study aimed to investigate the volumes of corpus callosum subregions in a group of drug-naïve, autistic children and to explore its possible associations with both core features and motor coordination skills. Methods Thirty-five autistic children (2.5-12 years) were compared with a group of 35 closely IQ-matched, non-autistic peers. CC was identified and segmented into five subregions using Freesurfer. Callosal volumes were compared between the two groups and correlated with parental ratings of core autistic features as assessed by the Social Responsiveness Scale and with motor features as assessed by the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire. Associations between CC volume and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule scores were also explored in autistic participants. Results Autistic children showed a reduced volume of the central segment of the CC, in the context of a comparable CC total volume. This reduction appeared to be correlated with symptoms of restricted and repetitive behaviours in autistic children. An association between Central CC volume and parental ratings of autistic mannerisms and motor skills was also found across participants, mostly driven by the non-autistic group. Conclusion These findings expand the current knowledge about the neural mechanisms underlying autism, suggesting that the reduced connectivity through the CC might have implications for both core autistic features and motor skills. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reia.2025.202626 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=559 [article] Decreased central corpus callosum volume in autistic children is associated with repetitive behaviours and motor skills [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Denis PERUZZO, Auteur ; Filippo ARRIGONI, Auteur ; Silvia BUSTI CECCARELLI, Auteur ; Laura VILLA, Auteur ; Elisa MANI, Auteur ; Eleonora MAGGIONI, Auteur ; Paolo BRAMBILLA, Auteur ; Maria NOBILE, Auteur ; Massimo MOLTENI, Auteur ; Alessandro CRIPPA, Auteur . - p.202626. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism > 125 (July 2025) . - p.202626 Mots-clés : Autism  Corpus callosum  Magnetic resonance imaging  Restricted repetitive behaviours  Motor skills Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Introduction Along with the core characteristics of the condition, autistic individuals commonly experience motor coordination difficulties, potentially related to a reduced cortical connectivity. Being the largest human commissure, the corpus callosum (CC) plays an essential role in interhemispheric connectivity and has been often involved among autistic atypicalities. This study aimed to investigate the volumes of corpus callosum subregions in a group of drug-naïve, autistic children and to explore its possible associations with both core features and motor coordination skills. Methods Thirty-five autistic children (2.5-12 years) were compared with a group of 35 closely IQ-matched, non-autistic peers. CC was identified and segmented into five subregions using Freesurfer. Callosal volumes were compared between the two groups and correlated with parental ratings of core autistic features as assessed by the Social Responsiveness Scale and with motor features as assessed by the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire. Associations between CC volume and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule scores were also explored in autistic participants. Results Autistic children showed a reduced volume of the central segment of the CC, in the context of a comparable CC total volume. This reduction appeared to be correlated with symptoms of restricted and repetitive behaviours in autistic children. An association between Central CC volume and parental ratings of autistic mannerisms and motor skills was also found across participants, mostly driven by the non-autistic group. Conclusion These findings expand the current knowledge about the neural mechanisms underlying autism, suggesting that the reduced connectivity through the CC might have implications for both core autistic features and motor skills. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reia.2025.202626 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=559

Differentiating early sensory profiles in toddlers at elevated likelihood of autism and association with later clinical outcome and diagnosis / Elena CAPELLI ; Chiara CANTIANI ; Carolina BERETTA ; Massimo MOLTENI ; Valentina RIVA in Autism, 28-7 (July 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-7 (July 2024) . - p.1654-1666 Titre : Differentiating early sensory profiles in toddlers at elevated likelihood of autism and association with later clinical outcome and diagnosis Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Elena CAPELLI, Auteur ; Chiara CANTIANI, Auteur ; Carolina BERETTA, Auteur ; Massimo MOLTENI, Auteur ; Valentina RIVA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1654-1666 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  development  infancy  sensory  siblings Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Sensory features are included in the diagnostic criteria of autism spectrum disorder, and sensory responsiveness may produce "cascading effects" on later development. However, the relation between early sensory profiles and later skills has yet to be defined. This study aims to characterize sensory subgroups in 116 toddlers at elevated likelihood for autism spectrum disorder and test their association with later autistic traits and diagnosis. We used latent class analyses to assess individual differences across sensory patterns, grouping individuals with similar sensory profiles together. The final model was chosen based on a stepwise procedure, starting with a one-class solution, and then adds one class at a time. The Sensory Profile-2 Questionnaire measured clinical sensory features, and four sensory patterns were evaluated (seeking, avoiding, sensitivity, and registration). We investigated sensory subgroups concerning socio-communication skills and restricted/repetitive behaviors at 24?months and the clinical best-estimate diagnosis at 3?years. A three-class solution was favored, and toddlers can be characterized into three homogeneous sensory groups: low seeking, sensory balanced, and high sensitivity. The results showed that the high sensitivity group showed later socio-communicative difficulties and restricted/repetitive behaviors. Children in this class were those with the highest percentage of diagnosis at 3?years (57.9%). These findings provide new insights into the nature of sensory processing and may have implications for personalized support needs. Lay abstract Early sensory responsiveness may produce cascading effects on later development, but the relation between sensory profiles and autistic diagnosis remains unclear. In a longitudinal sample of toddlers at elevated likelihood for autism, we aimed to characterize sensory subgroups and their association with clinical outcomes later on. Three sensory subgroups were described and early sensory sensitivity plays a significant role in later development and diagnosis. This study supported the importance of examining different levels of sensory patterns to dissect the phenotypic heterogeneity in sensory processing. As sensory differences are associated with later developmental outcomes, these results may be critical when designing intervention needs and support for children at increased likelihood for neurodevelopmental disorders. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231200081 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=531 [article] Differentiating early sensory profiles in toddlers at elevated likelihood of autism and association with later clinical outcome and diagnosis [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Elena CAPELLI, Auteur ; Chiara CANTIANI, Auteur ; Carolina BERETTA, Auteur ; Massimo MOLTENI, Auteur ; Valentina RIVA, Auteur . - p.1654-1666. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-7 (July 2024) . - p.1654-1666 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  development  infancy  sensory  siblings Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Sensory features are included in the diagnostic criteria of autism spectrum disorder, and sensory responsiveness may produce "cascading effects" on later development. However, the relation between early sensory profiles and later skills has yet to be defined. This study aims to characterize sensory subgroups in 116 toddlers at elevated likelihood for autism spectrum disorder and test their association with later autistic traits and diagnosis. We used latent class analyses to assess individual differences across sensory patterns, grouping individuals with similar sensory profiles together. The final model was chosen based on a stepwise procedure, starting with a one-class solution, and then adds one class at a time. The Sensory Profile-2 Questionnaire measured clinical sensory features, and four sensory patterns were evaluated (seeking, avoiding, sensitivity, and registration). We investigated sensory subgroups concerning socio-communication skills and restricted/repetitive behaviors at 24?months and the clinical best-estimate diagnosis at 3?years. A three-class solution was favored, and toddlers can be characterized into three homogeneous sensory groups: low seeking, sensory balanced, and high sensitivity. The results showed that the high sensitivity group showed later socio-communicative difficulties and restricted/repetitive behaviors. Children in this class were those with the highest percentage of diagnosis at 3?years (57.9%). These findings provide new insights into the nature of sensory processing and may have implications for personalized support needs. Lay abstract Early sensory responsiveness may produce cascading effects on later development, but the relation between sensory profiles and autistic diagnosis remains unclear. In a longitudinal sample of toddlers at elevated likelihood for autism, we aimed to characterize sensory subgroups and their association with clinical outcomes later on. Three sensory subgroups were described and early sensory sensitivity plays a significant role in later development and diagnosis. This study supported the importance of examining different levels of sensory patterns to dissect the phenotypic heterogeneity in sensory processing. As sensory differences are associated with later developmental outcomes, these results may be critical when designing intervention needs and support for children at increased likelihood for neurodevelopmental disorders. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231200081 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=531

Enhanced motor noise in an autism subtype with poor motor skills / Veronica MANDELLI in Molecular Autism, 15 (2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 15 (2024) . - 36p. Titre : Enhanced motor noise in an autism subtype with poor motor skills Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Veronica MANDELLI, Auteur ; Isotta LANDI, Auteur ; Silvia Busti CECCARELLI, Auteur ; Massimo MOLTENI, Auteur ; Maria NOBILE, Auteur ; Alessandro D'AUSILIO, Auteur ; Luciano FADIGA, Auteur ; Alessandro CRIPPA, Auteur ; Michael V. LOMBARDO, Auteur Article en page(s) : 36p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Humans  Child  Male  Female  Adolescent  Motor Skills  Autistic Disorder/physiopathology  Child, Preschool  Biomechanical Phenomena  Clustering  Kinematics  Motor  Stratification  Subtypes  competing interests to declare. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Motor difficulties are common in many, but not all, autistic individuals. These difficulties can co-occur with other problems, such as delays in language, intellectual, and adaptive functioning. Biological mechanisms underpinning such difficulties are less well understood. Poor motor skills tend to be more common in individuals carrying highly penetrant rare genetic mutations. Such mechanisms may have downstream consequences of altering neurophysiological excitation-inhibition balance and lead to enhanced behavioral motor noise. METHODS: This study combined publicly available and in-house datasets of autistic (n = 156), typically-developing (TD, n = 149), and developmental coordination disorder (DCD, n = 23) children (age 3-16 years). Autism motor subtypes were identified based on patterns of motor abilities measured from the Movement Assessment Battery for Children 2nd edition. Stability-based relative clustering validation was used to identify autism motor subtypes and evaluate generalization accuracy in held-out data. Autism motor subtypes were tested for differences in motor noise, operationalized as the degree of dissimilarity between repeated motor kinematic trajectories recorded during a simple reach-to-drop task. RESULTS: Relatively 'high' (n = 87) versus 'low' (n = 69) autism motor subtypes could be detected and which generalize with 89% accuracy in held-out data. The relatively 'low' subtype was lower in general intellectual ability and older at age of independent walking, but did not differ in age at first words or autistic traits or symptomatology. Motor noise was considerably higher in the 'low' subtype compared to 'high' (Cohen's d = 0.77) or TD children (Cohen's d = 0.85), but similar between autism 'high' and TD children (Cohen's d = 0.08). Enhanced motor noise in the 'low' subtype was also most pronounced during the feedforward phase of reaching actions. LIMITATIONS: The sample size of this work is limited. Future work in larger samples along with independent replication is important. Motor noise was measured only on one specific motor task. Thus, a more comprehensive assessment of motor noise on many other motor tasks is needed. CONCLUSIONS: Autism can be split into at least two discrete motor subtypes that are characterized by differing levels of motor noise. This suggests that autism motor subtypes may be underpinned by different biological mechanisms. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-024-00618-0 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=538 [article] Enhanced motor noise in an autism subtype with poor motor skills [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Veronica MANDELLI, Auteur ; Isotta LANDI, Auteur ; Silvia Busti CECCARELLI, Auteur ; Massimo MOLTENI, Auteur ; Maria NOBILE, Auteur ; Alessandro D'AUSILIO, Auteur ; Luciano FADIGA, Auteur ; Alessandro CRIPPA, Auteur ; Michael V. LOMBARDO, Auteur . - 36p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 15 (2024) . - 36p. Mots-clés : Humans  Child  Male  Female  Adolescent  Motor Skills  Autistic Disorder/physiopathology  Child, Preschool  Biomechanical Phenomena  Clustering  Kinematics  Motor  Stratification  Subtypes  competing interests to declare. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Motor difficulties are common in many, but not all, autistic individuals. These difficulties can co-occur with other problems, such as delays in language, intellectual, and adaptive functioning. Biological mechanisms underpinning such difficulties are less well understood. Poor motor skills tend to be more common in individuals carrying highly penetrant rare genetic mutations. Such mechanisms may have downstream consequences of altering neurophysiological excitation-inhibition balance and lead to enhanced behavioral motor noise. METHODS: This study combined publicly available and in-house datasets of autistic (n = 156), typically-developing (TD, n = 149), and developmental coordination disorder (DCD, n = 23) children (age 3-16 years). Autism motor subtypes were identified based on patterns of motor abilities measured from the Movement Assessment Battery for Children 2nd edition. Stability-based relative clustering validation was used to identify autism motor subtypes and evaluate generalization accuracy in held-out data. Autism motor subtypes were tested for differences in motor noise, operationalized as the degree of dissimilarity between repeated motor kinematic trajectories recorded during a simple reach-to-drop task. RESULTS: Relatively 'high' (n = 87) versus 'low' (n = 69) autism motor subtypes could be detected and which generalize with 89% accuracy in held-out data. The relatively 'low' subtype was lower in general intellectual ability and older at age of independent walking, but did not differ in age at first words or autistic traits or symptomatology. Motor noise was considerably higher in the 'low' subtype compared to 'high' (Cohen's d = 0.77) or TD children (Cohen's d = 0.85), but similar between autism 'high' and TD children (Cohen's d = 0.08). Enhanced motor noise in the 'low' subtype was also most pronounced during the feedforward phase of reaching actions. LIMITATIONS: The sample size of this work is limited. Future work in larger samples along with independent replication is important. Motor noise was measured only on one specific motor task. Thus, a more comprehensive assessment of motor noise on many other motor tasks is needed. CONCLUSIONS: Autism can be split into at least two discrete motor subtypes that are characterized by differing levels of motor noise. This suggests that autism motor subtypes may be underpinned by different biological mechanisms. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-024-00618-0 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=538

Eye-Hand Coordination in Children with High Functioning Autism and Asperger’s Disorder Using a Gap-Overlap Paradigm / Alessandro CRIPPA in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43-4 (April 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 43-4 (April 2013) . - p.841-850 Titre : Eye-Hand Coordination in Children with High Functioning Autism and Asperger’s Disorder Using a Gap-Overlap Paradigm Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Alessandro CRIPPA, Auteur ; Sara FORTI, Auteur ; Paolo PEREGO, Auteur ; Massimo MOLTENI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.841-850 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Eye hand coordination  Gap effect  Oculomotor control Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We investigated eye-hand coordination in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in comparison with age-matched normally developing peers. The eye-hand correlation was measured by putting fixation latencies in relation with pointing and key pressing responses in visual detection tasks where a gap-overlap paradigm was used and compared to fixation latencies in absence of manual response. ASD patients showed less efficient eye-hand coordination, which was particularly evident when pointing towards a target was being fixated. The data of normally developing participants confirmed that manual gap effects are more likely for more complex hand movements. An important discrepancy was discovered in participants with ASD: beside normal eye gap effects, they showed no concurrent hand gap effects when pointing to targets. This result has been interpreted as a further sign of inefficient eye-hand coordination in this patient population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-012-1623-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=194 [article] Eye-Hand Coordination in Children with High Functioning Autism and Asperger’s Disorder Using a Gap-Overlap Paradigm [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Alessandro CRIPPA, Auteur ; Sara FORTI, Auteur ; Paolo PEREGO, Auteur ; Massimo MOLTENI, Auteur . - p.841-850. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 43-4 (April 2013) . - p.841-850 Mots-clés : Autism  Eye hand coordination  Gap effect  Oculomotor control Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We investigated eye-hand coordination in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in comparison with age-matched normally developing peers. The eye-hand correlation was measured by putting fixation latencies in relation with pointing and key pressing responses in visual detection tasks where a gap-overlap paradigm was used and compared to fixation latencies in absence of manual response. ASD patients showed less efficient eye-hand coordination, which was particularly evident when pointing towards a target was being fixated. The data of normally developing participants confirmed that manual gap effects are more likely for more complex hand movements. An important discrepancy was discovered in participants with ASD: beside normal eye gap effects, they showed no concurrent hand gap effects when pointing to targets. This result has been interpreted as a further sign of inefficient eye-hand coordination in this patient population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-012-1623-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=194

Further Empirical Data on the Psychoeducational Profile-Revised (PEP-R): Reliability and Validation with the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales / Susanna VILLA in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40-3 (March 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 40-3 (March 2010) . - p.334-341 Titre : Further Empirical Data on the Psychoeducational Profile-Revised (PEP-R): Reliability and Validation with the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Susanna VILLA, Auteur ; Valentina PASTORE, Auteur ; Massimo MOLTENI, Auteur ; Enrico MICHELI, Auteur ; Laura VILLA, Auteur ; Alessandro CRIPPA, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p.334-341 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Assessment Psychometrics-properties Psychoeducational-profile- revised-(PEP-R) Vineland-Adaptive-Behavior-Scales Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The PEP-R (psychoeducational profile revised) is an instrument that has been used in many countries to assess abilities and formulate treatment programs for children with autism and related developmental disorders. To the end to provide further information on the PEP-R’s psychometric properties, a large sample (N = 137) of children presenting Autistic Disorder symptoms under the age of 12 years, including low-functioning individuals, was examined. Results yielded data of interest especially in terms of: Cronbach’s alpha, interrater reliability, and validation with the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. These findings help complete the instrument’s statistical description and augment its usefulness, not only in designing treatment programs for these individuals, but also as an instrument for verifying the efficacy of intervention. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-009-0877-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=966 [article] Further Empirical Data on the Psychoeducational Profile-Revised (PEP-R): Reliability and Validation with the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Susanna VILLA, Auteur ; Valentina PASTORE, Auteur ; Massimo MOLTENI, Auteur ; Enrico MICHELI, Auteur ; Laura VILLA, Auteur ; Alessandro CRIPPA, Auteur . - 2010 . - p.334-341. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 40-3 (March 2010) . - p.334-341 Mots-clés : Autism Assessment Psychometrics-properties Psychoeducational-profile- revised-(PEP-R) Vineland-Adaptive-Behavior-Scales Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The PEP-R (psychoeducational profile revised) is an instrument that has been used in many countries to assess abilities and formulate treatment programs for children with autism and related developmental disorders. To the end to provide further information on the PEP-R’s psychometric properties, a large sample (N = 137) of children presenting Autistic Disorder symptoms under the age of 12 years, including low-functioning individuals, was examined. Results yielded data of interest especially in terms of: Cronbach’s alpha, interrater reliability, and validation with the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. These findings help complete the instrument’s statistical description and augment its usefulness, not only in designing treatment programs for these individuals, but also as an instrument for verifying the efficacy of intervention. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-009-0877-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=966

Further evidence of complex motor dysfunction in drug naïve children with autism using automatic motion analysis of gait / Maria NOBILE in Autism, 15-3 (May 2011)  

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Maternal caregiving moderates the impact of antenatal maternal cortisol on infant stress regulation / Sarah NAZZARI in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 63-8 (August 2022)  

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A multimethod approach to assessing motor skills in boys and girls with autism spectrum disorder / Alessandro CRIPPA in Autism, 25-5 (July 2021)  

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A multimethod approach to assessing motor skills in boys and girls with autism spectrum disorder / Alessandro CRIPPA in Autism, 26-5 (July 2022)  

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A multimodal approach can identify specific motor profiles in autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder / Stefano DE FRANCESCO in Autism Research, 16-8 (August 2023)  

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Navigation and exploration of an urban virtual environment by children with autism spectrum disorder compared to children with typical development / Livia FORNASARI in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 7-8 (August 2013)  

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Prolonged neural encoding of visual information in autism / Luca CASARTELLI ; Alessandra FEDERICI ; Sara BERTONI ; Lorenzo VIGNALI ; Massimo MOLTENI ; Andrea FACOETTI ; Luca RONCONI in Autism Research, 17-1 (January 2024)  

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Social skill training in autism spectrum disorders / Massimo MOLTENI

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Socioeconomic status mediates the genetic contribution of the dopamine receptor D4 and serotonin transporter linked promoter region repeat polymorphisms to externalization in preadolescence / Maria NOBILE in Development and Psychopathology, 19-4 (Fall 2007)  

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The influence of family structure, the TPH2 G-703T and the 5-HTTLPR serotonergic genes upon affective problems in children aged 10–14 years / Maria NOBILE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50-3 (March 2009)  

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