Dépouillements

Autism risk genes are evolutionarily ancient and maintain a unique feature landscape that echoes their function / Emily L. CASANOVA in Autism Research, 12-6 (June 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-6 (June 2019) . - p.860-869 Titre : Autism risk genes are evolutionarily ancient and maintain a unique feature landscape that echoes their function Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Emily L. CASANOVA, Auteur ; A. E. SWITALA, Auteur ; S. DANDAMUDI, Auteur ; A. R. HICKMAN, Auteur ; J. VANDENBRINK, Auteur ; J. L. SHARP, Auteur ; F. A. FELTUS, Auteur ; Manuel F. CASANOVA, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : p.860-869 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : DNA transposons  central nervous system  developmental  genes  retroelements Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous research on autism risk (ASD), developmental regulatory (DevReg), and central nervous system (CNS) genes suggests they tend to be large in size, enriched in nested repeats, and mutation intolerant. The relevance of these genomic features is intriguing yet poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the feature landscape of these gene groups to discover structural themes useful in interpreting their function, developmental patterns, and evolutionary history. ASD, DevReg, CNS, housekeeping, and whole genome control (WGC) groups were compiled using various resources. Multiple gene features of interest were extracted from NCBI/UCSC Bioinformatics. Residual variation intolerance scores, Exome Aggregation Consortium pLI scores, and copy number variation data from Decipher were used to estimate variation intolerance. Gene age and protein-protein interactions (PPI) were estimated using Ensembl and EBI Intact databases, respectively. Compared to WGC: ASD, DevReg, and CNS genes are longer, produce larger proteins, maintain greater numbers/density of conserved noncoding elements and transposable elements, produce more transcript variants, and are comparatively variation intolerant. After controlling for gene size, mutation tolerance, and clinical association, ASD genes still retain many of these same features. In addition, we also found that ASD genes that are extremely mutation intolerant have larger PPI networks. These data support many of the recent findings within the field of autism genetics but also expand our understanding of the evolution of these broad gene groups, their potential regulatory complexity, and the extent to which they interact with the cellular network. Autism Res 2019, 12: 860-869. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Autism risk genes are more ancient compared to other genes in the genome. As such, they exhibit physical features related to their age, including long gene and protein size and regulatory sequences that help to control gene expression. They share many of these same features with other genes that are expressed in the brain and/or are associated with prenatal development. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2112 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=400 [article] Autism risk genes are evolutionarily ancient and maintain a unique feature landscape that echoes their function [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Emily L. CASANOVA, Auteur ; A. E. SWITALA, Auteur ; S. DANDAMUDI, Auteur ; A. R. HICKMAN, Auteur ; J. VANDENBRINK, Auteur ; J. L. SHARP, Auteur ; F. A. FELTUS, Auteur ; Manuel F. CASANOVA, Auteur . - 2019 . - p.860-869. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-6 (June 2019) . - p.860-869 Mots-clés : DNA transposons  central nervous system  developmental  genes  retroelements Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous research on autism risk (ASD), developmental regulatory (DevReg), and central nervous system (CNS) genes suggests they tend to be large in size, enriched in nested repeats, and mutation intolerant. The relevance of these genomic features is intriguing yet poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the feature landscape of these gene groups to discover structural themes useful in interpreting their function, developmental patterns, and evolutionary history. ASD, DevReg, CNS, housekeeping, and whole genome control (WGC) groups were compiled using various resources. Multiple gene features of interest were extracted from NCBI/UCSC Bioinformatics. Residual variation intolerance scores, Exome Aggregation Consortium pLI scores, and copy number variation data from Decipher were used to estimate variation intolerance. Gene age and protein-protein interactions (PPI) were estimated using Ensembl and EBI Intact databases, respectively. Compared to WGC: ASD, DevReg, and CNS genes are longer, produce larger proteins, maintain greater numbers/density of conserved noncoding elements and transposable elements, produce more transcript variants, and are comparatively variation intolerant. After controlling for gene size, mutation tolerance, and clinical association, ASD genes still retain many of these same features. In addition, we also found that ASD genes that are extremely mutation intolerant have larger PPI networks. These data support many of the recent findings within the field of autism genetics but also expand our understanding of the evolution of these broad gene groups, their potential regulatory complexity, and the extent to which they interact with the cellular network. Autism Res 2019, 12: 860-869. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Autism risk genes are more ancient compared to other genes in the genome. As such, they exhibit physical features related to their age, including long gene and protein size and regulatory sequences that help to control gene expression. They share many of these same features with other genes that are expressed in the brain and/or are associated with prenatal development. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2112 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=400

Social and delay discounting in autism spectrum disorder / Katherine RICE WARNELL in Autism Research, 12-6 (June 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-6 (June 2019) . - p.870-877 Titre : Social and delay discounting in autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Katherine RICE WARNELL, Auteur ; S. MANISCALCO, Auteur ; S. BAKER, Auteur ; R. YI, Auteur ; E. REDCAY, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : p.870-877 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  delay discounting  perspective taking  reward  social discounting  temporal discounting Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Current literature is divided over whether and how processes such as perspective taking and reward sensitivity differ between individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) versus neurotypical individuals. Discounting tasks may provide novel insight into how these processes operate. In delay discounting tasks, participants choose between smaller immediate rewards and larger delayed rewards, and in social discounting tasks, participants choose between a smaller monetary rewards for themselves versus a larger reward for partners of varied social distance (e.g., a close friend vs. an acquaintance). Delay and social discounting tasks thus implicitly measure the subjective value of rewards given to one's future self and to others, capturing constructs such as perspective taking, reward processing, and social closeness, all of which have been discussed as core cognitive mechanisms underlying ASD. Despite extensive research on discounting in other clinical populations, few studies have examined delay discounting in ASD and no research has examined social discounting in ASD. The goal of the current study was to assess delay and social discounting for monetary rewards in a single sample of adolescents and adults with ASD compared to a matched neurotypical sample. Overall, adults and adolescents with ASD valued both future rewards and rewards given to others less than their typical counterparts did, but rates of discounting were not significantly correlated across temporal and social domains. These results extend an important behavioral paradigm for understanding both perspective taking and reward processing to autism. Autism Res 2019, 12: 870-877. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Discounting tasks-which experimentally measure the subjective value of different rewards-have been used with a variety of clinical populations, but are underexplored in ASD. We found that compared to neurotypical individuals, individuals with ASD showed diminished subjective value for future rewards (compared to immediate rewards) and rewards for others (compared to rewards for self). This finding has implications for understanding perspective taking, reward processing, and social closeness in ASD. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2085 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=400 [article] Social and delay discounting in autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Katherine RICE WARNELL, Auteur ; S. MANISCALCO, Auteur ; S. BAKER, Auteur ; R. YI, Auteur ; E. REDCAY, Auteur . - 2019 . - p.870-877. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-6 (June 2019) . - p.870-877 Mots-clés : autism  delay discounting  perspective taking  reward  social discounting  temporal discounting Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Current literature is divided over whether and how processes such as perspective taking and reward sensitivity differ between individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) versus neurotypical individuals. Discounting tasks may provide novel insight into how these processes operate. In delay discounting tasks, participants choose between smaller immediate rewards and larger delayed rewards, and in social discounting tasks, participants choose between a smaller monetary rewards for themselves versus a larger reward for partners of varied social distance (e.g., a close friend vs. an acquaintance). Delay and social discounting tasks thus implicitly measure the subjective value of rewards given to one's future self and to others, capturing constructs such as perspective taking, reward processing, and social closeness, all of which have been discussed as core cognitive mechanisms underlying ASD. Despite extensive research on discounting in other clinical populations, few studies have examined delay discounting in ASD and no research has examined social discounting in ASD. The goal of the current study was to assess delay and social discounting for monetary rewards in a single sample of adolescents and adults with ASD compared to a matched neurotypical sample. Overall, adults and adolescents with ASD valued both future rewards and rewards given to others less than their typical counterparts did, but rates of discounting were not significantly correlated across temporal and social domains. These results extend an important behavioral paradigm for understanding both perspective taking and reward processing to autism. Autism Res 2019, 12: 870-877. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Discounting tasks-which experimentally measure the subjective value of different rewards-have been used with a variety of clinical populations, but are underexplored in ASD. We found that compared to neurotypical individuals, individuals with ASD showed diminished subjective value for future rewards (compared to immediate rewards) and rewards for others (compared to rewards for self). This finding has implications for understanding perspective taking, reward processing, and social closeness in ASD. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2085 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=400

Social and nonsocial visual prediction errors in autism spectrum disorder / R. K. GREENE in Autism Research, 12-6 (June 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-6 (June 2019) . - p.878-883 Titre : Social and nonsocial visual prediction errors in autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : R. K. GREENE, Auteur ; S. ZHENG, Auteur ; J. L. KINARD, Auteur ; M. G. MOSNER, Auteur ; C. A. WIESEN, Auteur ; D. P. KENNEDY, Auteur ; Gabriel S. DICHTER, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : p.878-883 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  eye tracking  prediction error Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Impaired predictive coding has been proposed as a framework to explain discrepancies between expectations and outcomes in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) that may contribute to core symptoms of the disorder. However, no eye tracking study has directly addressed this framework in the context of visual predictions of social and nonsocial stimuli. The current study used eye tracking to examine violations of learned visual associations of both social and nonsocial stimuli. Twenty-six adolescents with ASD and 18 typically developing control (TDC) adolescents completed an outcome expectation eye tracking task in which predictive cues correctly (80% of trials) or incorrectly (20% of trials) indicated the location (left or right) of forthcoming social or nonsocial stimuli. During violation trials, individuals with ASD focused their gaze relatively more often on stimuli presented on locations that violated the learned association and less often on locations that corresponded with the learned association. This finding was not moderated by stimulus type (i.e., social vs. nonsocial). Additionally, participants who looked at incorrectly predicted locations more often had significantly greater ASD symptom severity. These results are consistent with theories that characterize ASD as a disorder of prediction and have potential implications for understanding symptoms related to prediction errors in individuals with ASD. Autism Res 2019, 12: 878-883. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit impairments making predictions that may impact learning. In this study, we used eye tracking methodology and found that individuals with ASD were less likely to look at the predicted location when a visual routine was violated. This pattern was evident for both social and nonsocial images and was associated with greater ASD symptom severity. These findings provide additional support for predictive challenges in ASD. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2090 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=400 [article] Social and nonsocial visual prediction errors in autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / R. K. GREENE, Auteur ; S. ZHENG, Auteur ; J. L. KINARD, Auteur ; M. G. MOSNER, Auteur ; C. A. WIESEN, Auteur ; D. P. KENNEDY, Auteur ; Gabriel S. DICHTER, Auteur . - 2019 . - p.878-883. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-6 (June 2019) . - p.878-883 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  eye tracking  prediction error Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Impaired predictive coding has been proposed as a framework to explain discrepancies between expectations and outcomes in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) that may contribute to core symptoms of the disorder. However, no eye tracking study has directly addressed this framework in the context of visual predictions of social and nonsocial stimuli. The current study used eye tracking to examine violations of learned visual associations of both social and nonsocial stimuli. Twenty-six adolescents with ASD and 18 typically developing control (TDC) adolescents completed an outcome expectation eye tracking task in which predictive cues correctly (80% of trials) or incorrectly (20% of trials) indicated the location (left or right) of forthcoming social or nonsocial stimuli. During violation trials, individuals with ASD focused their gaze relatively more often on stimuli presented on locations that violated the learned association and less often on locations that corresponded with the learned association. This finding was not moderated by stimulus type (i.e., social vs. nonsocial). Additionally, participants who looked at incorrectly predicted locations more often had significantly greater ASD symptom severity. These results are consistent with theories that characterize ASD as a disorder of prediction and have potential implications for understanding symptoms related to prediction errors in individuals with ASD. Autism Res 2019, 12: 878-883. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit impairments making predictions that may impact learning. In this study, we used eye tracking methodology and found that individuals with ASD were less likely to look at the predicted location when a visual routine was violated. This pattern was evident for both social and nonsocial images and was associated with greater ASD symptom severity. These findings provide additional support for predictive challenges in ASD. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2090 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=400

Social and nonsocial reward moderate the relation between autism symptoms and loneliness in adults with ASD, depression, and controls / G. T. HAN in Autism Research, 12-6 (June 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-6 (June 2019) . - p.884-896 Titre : Social and nonsocial reward moderate the relation between autism symptoms and loneliness in adults with ASD, depression, and controls Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : G. T. HAN, Auteur ; A. J. TOMARKEN, Auteur ; K. O. GOTHAM, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : p.884-896 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adults with ASD  autism spectrum disorder  hedonic capacity  mood  psychiatric comorbidity  reward processing  social motivation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) report high levels of co-occurring mood disorders. Previous work suggests that people with ASD also experience aberrant responses to social reward compared to typically developing (TD) peers. In the TD population, aberrant reward processing has been linked to anhedonia (i.e., loss of pleasure), which is a hallmark feature of depression. This study examined the interplay between self-reported pleasure from social and nonsocial rewards, autism symptom severity, loneliness, and depressive symptoms across adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; N = 49), TD currently depressed adults (TD-dep; N = 30), and TD never depressed controls (TD-con; N = 28). The ASD cohort reported levels of social and nonsocial anhedonia that were greater than TD-con but not significantly different from TD-dep. Across cohorts, both social and nonsocial hedonic capacity moderated the relationship between autism symptoms and loneliness: individuals with low capacity for pleasure experienced elevated loneliness regardless of autism symptom severity, while those with intact capacity for pleasure (i.e., less anhedonia) experienced greater loneliness as a function of increased autism symptoms. Loneliness was the strongest predictor of depressive symptoms across clinical cohorts. Our findings suggest a putative pathway from trait-like anhedonia in ASD to depression via elevated loneliness and indicate that variability in hedonic capacity within the autism spectrum may differentially confer risk for depression in adults with ASD. Results underscore potential mental health benefits of social skills interventions and community inclusion programs for adults with ASD. Autism Res 2019, 12: 884-896. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: The relationship between autism symptoms and loneliness depended on one's ability to experience both social and nonsocial pleasure. Adults who experienced less pleasure reported high levels of loneliness that did not depend autism severity, while adults with high capacity for pleasure were especially lonely if they also had many autism symptoms. Loneliness was the strongest predictor of depressive symptoms, compared to capacity for social and nonsocial pleasure and autism symptoms. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2088 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=400 [article] Social and nonsocial reward moderate the relation between autism symptoms and loneliness in adults with ASD, depression, and controls [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / G. T. HAN, Auteur ; A. J. TOMARKEN, Auteur ; K. O. GOTHAM, Auteur . - 2019 . - p.884-896. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-6 (June 2019) . - p.884-896 Mots-clés : adults with ASD  autism spectrum disorder  hedonic capacity  mood  psychiatric comorbidity  reward processing  social motivation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) report high levels of co-occurring mood disorders. Previous work suggests that people with ASD also experience aberrant responses to social reward compared to typically developing (TD) peers. In the TD population, aberrant reward processing has been linked to anhedonia (i.e., loss of pleasure), which is a hallmark feature of depression. This study examined the interplay between self-reported pleasure from social and nonsocial rewards, autism symptom severity, loneliness, and depressive symptoms across adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; N = 49), TD currently depressed adults (TD-dep; N = 30), and TD never depressed controls (TD-con; N = 28). The ASD cohort reported levels of social and nonsocial anhedonia that were greater than TD-con but not significantly different from TD-dep. Across cohorts, both social and nonsocial hedonic capacity moderated the relationship between autism symptoms and loneliness: individuals with low capacity for pleasure experienced elevated loneliness regardless of autism symptom severity, while those with intact capacity for pleasure (i.e., less anhedonia) experienced greater loneliness as a function of increased autism symptoms. Loneliness was the strongest predictor of depressive symptoms across clinical cohorts. Our findings suggest a putative pathway from trait-like anhedonia in ASD to depression via elevated loneliness and indicate that variability in hedonic capacity within the autism spectrum may differentially confer risk for depression in adults with ASD. Results underscore potential mental health benefits of social skills interventions and community inclusion programs for adults with ASD. Autism Res 2019, 12: 884-896. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: The relationship between autism symptoms and loneliness depended on one's ability to experience both social and nonsocial pleasure. Adults who experienced less pleasure reported high levels of loneliness that did not depend autism severity, while adults with high capacity for pleasure were especially lonely if they also had many autism symptoms. Loneliness was the strongest predictor of depressive symptoms, compared to capacity for social and nonsocial pleasure and autism symptoms. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2088 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=400

Assessing a hyperarousal hypothesis of insomnia in adults with autism spectrum disorder / E. K. BAKER in Autism Research, 12-6 (June 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-6 (June 2019) . - p.897-910 Titre : Assessing a hyperarousal hypothesis of insomnia in adults with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : E. K. BAKER, Auteur ; A. L. RICHDALE, Auteur ; Agnes HAZI, Auteur ; Luke A. PRENDERGAST, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : p.897-910 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : anxiety  autism  cortisol  hyperarousal  insomnia  sleep Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sleep, psychopathology (anxiety, depression and presleep arousal) symptoms, and cortisol in adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The sample composed of 29 adults with ASD (51.7% males) and 29 control adults (51.7% males) aged 21-44 years. Thirteen adults with ASD were medicated for a comorbid diagnosis of anxiety and/or depression (ASD-Med), while the remaining 16 adults with ASD were not medicated for such diagnoses (ASD-Only). Participants completed a questionnaire battery, 14-day sleep/wake diary and 14-day actigraphy assessment. On one day during the data collection period, participants collected five saliva samples, hourly, prior to sleep and two morning samples; immediately upon waking and 30 min thereafter for the analysis of cortisol. Cortisol 1 hr prior to habitual sleep onset time was associated with poorer sleep efficiency in both ASD groups and increased wake after sleep onset duration (ASD-Only). Higher subjective somatic arousal was also associated with increased sleep onset latency, regardless of group, and poorer sleep efficiency in the ASD-Only group. ASD-Only participants had significantly greater reductions in evening cortisol concentrations compared to both ASD-Med and control participants. No significant group differences were found for the cortisol awakening response. Findings suggest a hyperarousal hypothesis of insomnia in adults with ASD. Moreover, the low cortisol levels observed in ASD-Only adults suggest dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Longitudinal studies exploring the interplay between insomnia, anxiety and HPA axis regulation across the lifespan in those with ASD are warranted. Autism Res 2019, 12: 897-910. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Both objective (cortisol) and subjective (somatic) physiological arousal were associated with poor sleep quality in adults on the autism spectrum. Adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who were not medicated for a comorbid diagnosis of anxiety and/or depression also had dampened cortisol secretion, suggesting a dysregulation of the hypothalamic pituitary axis. Longitudinal studies investigating the relationship between sleep, psychopathology symptoms and physiological arousal in autistic individuals are warranted. Autism Res 2019. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2094 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=400 [article] Assessing a hyperarousal hypothesis of insomnia in adults with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / E. K. BAKER, Auteur ; A. L. RICHDALE, Auteur ; Agnes HAZI, Auteur ; Luke A. PRENDERGAST, Auteur . - 2019 . - p.897-910. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-6 (June 2019) . - p.897-910 Mots-clés : anxiety  autism  cortisol  hyperarousal  insomnia  sleep Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sleep, psychopathology (anxiety, depression and presleep arousal) symptoms, and cortisol in adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The sample composed of 29 adults with ASD (51.7% males) and 29 control adults (51.7% males) aged 21-44 years. Thirteen adults with ASD were medicated for a comorbid diagnosis of anxiety and/or depression (ASD-Med), while the remaining 16 adults with ASD were not medicated for such diagnoses (ASD-Only). Participants completed a questionnaire battery, 14-day sleep/wake diary and 14-day actigraphy assessment. On one day during the data collection period, participants collected five saliva samples, hourly, prior to sleep and two morning samples; immediately upon waking and 30 min thereafter for the analysis of cortisol. Cortisol 1 hr prior to habitual sleep onset time was associated with poorer sleep efficiency in both ASD groups and increased wake after sleep onset duration (ASD-Only). Higher subjective somatic arousal was also associated with increased sleep onset latency, regardless of group, and poorer sleep efficiency in the ASD-Only group. ASD-Only participants had significantly greater reductions in evening cortisol concentrations compared to both ASD-Med and control participants. No significant group differences were found for the cortisol awakening response. Findings suggest a hyperarousal hypothesis of insomnia in adults with ASD. Moreover, the low cortisol levels observed in ASD-Only adults suggest dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Longitudinal studies exploring the interplay between insomnia, anxiety and HPA axis regulation across the lifespan in those with ASD are warranted. Autism Res 2019, 12: 897-910. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Both objective (cortisol) and subjective (somatic) physiological arousal were associated with poor sleep quality in adults on the autism spectrum. Adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who were not medicated for a comorbid diagnosis of anxiety and/or depression also had dampened cortisol secretion, suggesting a dysregulation of the hypothalamic pituitary axis. Longitudinal studies investigating the relationship between sleep, psychopathology symptoms and physiological arousal in autistic individuals are warranted. Autism Res 2019. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2094 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=400

Loss in services precedes high school exit for teens with autism spectrum disorder: A longitudinal study / D. J. LAXMAN in Autism Research, 12-6 (June 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-6 (June 2019) . - p.911-921 Titre : Loss in services precedes high school exit for teens with autism spectrum disorder: A longitudinal study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : D. J. LAXMAN, Auteur ; Julie LOUNDS TAYLOR, Auteur ; Leann S. DAWALT, Auteur ; J. S. GREENBERG, Auteur ; M. R. MAILICK, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : p.911-921 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adolescence  adulthood  autism  intellectual disability  services  transition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The present longitudinal study investigated changes in service receipt and unmet service needs spanning 14 years before and after high school exit in a large community-based sample of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (n = 204), of whom 59% had co-occurring intellectual disability (ID). Using multilevel models, potential discontinuity of service patterns at the point of high school exit was examined, as well as the rate of change in services received and needed during the high school years and into the post-high school period. Differences between those with and without ID were probed. Study findings indicated that overall, sample members experienced a reduction in receipt of services during high school, particularly for those without co-occurring ID. After high school exit, sample members experienced a decline in services received; for those without ID, there was a continuous rate of loss of services after leaving high school but for those with ID, there was a sharp decline in services received. Unmet service needs increased right after high school exit for both those with and without ID. These patterns reflect loss of entitlement for services that accompanies high school exit, and the limited availability of adult services for individuals with ASD. This study documented not only the post-high school service cliff that has been the subject of much concern, but also that the loss of services begins long before high school exit and that subgroups of the population with ASD are particularly vulnerable. Autism Res 2019, 12: 911-921. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: In this research, we studied changes in the number of services received before and after high school exit in a large sample of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). With each passing year during high school, individuals with ASD received fewer services. At the time of high school exit, there was a sharp drop in the number of services received, particularly for those with co-occurring intellectual disability. This study found not only that there is a post-high school service cliff, but also that the loss of services begins long before high school exit. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2113 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=400 [article] Loss in services precedes high school exit for teens with autism spectrum disorder: A longitudinal study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / D. J. LAXMAN, Auteur ; Julie LOUNDS TAYLOR, Auteur ; Leann S. DAWALT, Auteur ; J. S. GREENBERG, Auteur ; M. R. MAILICK, Auteur . - 2019 . - p.911-921. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-6 (June 2019) . - p.911-921 Mots-clés : adolescence  adulthood  autism  intellectual disability  services  transition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The present longitudinal study investigated changes in service receipt and unmet service needs spanning 14 years before and after high school exit in a large community-based sample of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (n = 204), of whom 59% had co-occurring intellectual disability (ID). Using multilevel models, potential discontinuity of service patterns at the point of high school exit was examined, as well as the rate of change in services received and needed during the high school years and into the post-high school period. Differences between those with and without ID were probed. Study findings indicated that overall, sample members experienced a reduction in receipt of services during high school, particularly for those without co-occurring ID. After high school exit, sample members experienced a decline in services received; for those without ID, there was a continuous rate of loss of services after leaving high school but for those with ID, there was a sharp decline in services received. Unmet service needs increased right after high school exit for both those with and without ID. These patterns reflect loss of entitlement for services that accompanies high school exit, and the limited availability of adult services for individuals with ASD. This study documented not only the post-high school service cliff that has been the subject of much concern, but also that the loss of services begins long before high school exit and that subgroups of the population with ASD are particularly vulnerable. Autism Res 2019, 12: 911-921. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: In this research, we studied changes in the number of services received before and after high school exit in a large sample of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). With each passing year during high school, individuals with ASD received fewer services. At the time of high school exit, there was a sharp drop in the number of services received, particularly for those with co-occurring intellectual disability. This study found not only that there is a post-high school service cliff, but also that the loss of services begins long before high school exit. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2113 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=400

Reduced heart rate variability in adults with autism spectrum disorder / R. THAPA in Autism Research, 12-6 (June 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-6 (June 2019) . - p.922-930 Titre : Reduced heart rate variability in adults with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : R. THAPA, Auteur ; Gail A. ALVARES, Auteur ; T. A. ZAIDI, Auteur ; E. E. THOMAS, Auteur ; I. B. HICKIE, Auteur ; S. H. PARK, Auteur ; A. J. GUASTELLA, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : p.922-930 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autonomic nervous system  biological marker  heart rate variability  mental health  parasympathetic nervous system  social development  sympathetic nervous system Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A growing body of research has suggested heart rate variability (HRV) may be reduced in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in comparison to neurotypical cohorts. While there have been several studies investigating HRV in children diagnosed with ASD, few studies have been conducted in adults. The objective of the current study was to investigate autonomic nervous system activity as assessed by HRV in adults diagnosed with ASD. We hypothesized that adults with ASD would show a reduction in HRV compared to neurotypical participants. Participants diagnosed with ASD (n = 55) were recruited from the Autism Clinic for Translational Research at the Brain and Mind Centre (University of Sydney) between 2013 and 2017. Neurotypical participants were recruited from advertisements and online media. Resting state heart rate was measured for 5 min while participants sat in an upright position. Results showed there was an overall significant difference in resting-state HRV between adults diagnosed with ASD compared to the neurotypical control group. Logarithmically transformed high frequency (HF) and root mean square of successive differences were particularly decreased in the ASD group, suggesting lower parasympathetic activity. The use of psychotropic medications and comorbidities were associated with reductions in low frequency of HRV. Our data suggest an overall dysregulation in resting autonomic activity in adults with ASD. This may represent an important physiological mechanism leading to potential cardiovascular risk in ASD, which warrants further investigation. Autism Res 2019, 12: 922-930. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: ASD is commonly associated with a range of physical and mental health comorbidities. Autonomic disruptions underlying reductions in heart rate variability (HRV) have been linked to a range of mental and physical health conditions. We assessed resting-state HRV in adults diagnosed with ASD in comparison to healthy individuals. Our results showed reduced heart rate variability in people diagnosed with ASD compared to adults without ASD. These findings implicate a role for autonomic activity as a potentially modifiable risk factor for ASD. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2104 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=400 [article] Reduced heart rate variability in adults with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / R. THAPA, Auteur ; Gail A. ALVARES, Auteur ; T. A. ZAIDI, Auteur ; E. E. THOMAS, Auteur ; I. B. HICKIE, Auteur ; S. H. PARK, Auteur ; A. J. GUASTELLA, Auteur . - 2019 . - p.922-930. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-6 (June 2019) . - p.922-930 Mots-clés : autonomic nervous system  biological marker  heart rate variability  mental health  parasympathetic nervous system  social development  sympathetic nervous system Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A growing body of research has suggested heart rate variability (HRV) may be reduced in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in comparison to neurotypical cohorts. While there have been several studies investigating HRV in children diagnosed with ASD, few studies have been conducted in adults. The objective of the current study was to investigate autonomic nervous system activity as assessed by HRV in adults diagnosed with ASD. We hypothesized that adults with ASD would show a reduction in HRV compared to neurotypical participants. Participants diagnosed with ASD (n = 55) were recruited from the Autism Clinic for Translational Research at the Brain and Mind Centre (University of Sydney) between 2013 and 2017. Neurotypical participants were recruited from advertisements and online media. Resting state heart rate was measured for 5 min while participants sat in an upright position. Results showed there was an overall significant difference in resting-state HRV between adults diagnosed with ASD compared to the neurotypical control group. Logarithmically transformed high frequency (HF) and root mean square of successive differences were particularly decreased in the ASD group, suggesting lower parasympathetic activity. The use of psychotropic medications and comorbidities were associated with reductions in low frequency of HRV. Our data suggest an overall dysregulation in resting autonomic activity in adults with ASD. This may represent an important physiological mechanism leading to potential cardiovascular risk in ASD, which warrants further investigation. Autism Res 2019, 12: 922-930. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: ASD is commonly associated with a range of physical and mental health comorbidities. Autonomic disruptions underlying reductions in heart rate variability (HRV) have been linked to a range of mental and physical health conditions. We assessed resting-state HRV in adults diagnosed with ASD in comparison to healthy individuals. Our results showed reduced heart rate variability in people diagnosed with ASD compared to adults without ASD. These findings implicate a role for autonomic activity as a potentially modifiable risk factor for ASD. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2104 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=400

Academic and psychosocial characteristics of incoming college freshmen with autism spectrum disorder: The role of comorbidity and gender / A. STURM in Autism Research, 12-6 (June 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-6 (June 2019) . - p.931-940 Titre : Academic and psychosocial characteristics of incoming college freshmen with autism spectrum disorder: The role of comorbidity and gender Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : A. STURM, Auteur ; Connie KASARI, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : p.931-940 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  comorbidity  gender  postsecondary education Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There is a pressing need to better characterize the college-bound population of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as prior studies have included small samples, consisting of individuals who are either recruited due to diagnosis or are treatment seeking. As postsecondary institutions look to respond to the growing need for support services for individuals with ASD, insights derived from large, population-based samples is a necessity. The current study included a sample of over 2000 incoming postsecondary students who self-identified with ASD as a part of surveys distributed by institutions nationally. The impact of heterogeneity (gender, comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], and/or learning disability) on demographic characteristics, and psychosocial (psychological health, interpersonal self-confidence) and academic (self-regulated learning, intellectual self-confidence) domains critical for success in postsecondary education were compared to a matched sample of students with ADHD or no diagnoses. College-bound students with ASD broadly endorsed similar rates of ADHD, LD, and psychological disorder comorbidity to clinic-referred samples, and were more similar than different from their typically developing peers. A comorbid diagnosis of ADHD was associated with greater academic disengagement. Females with ASD and those with any comorbid disorder were more likely to self-report poorer psychological health. Findings revealed that self-reported levels of functioning in critical domains differed by self-reported comorbid disorders and gender. Findings have implications for targeted support service recommendations based on unique sources of heterogeneity (e.g., gender, presenting comorbid disorders) and are detailed in the current study. Autism Res 2019, 12: 931-940. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: College-bound students with ASD feel academically competent; however feel less confident with their peers. Students with ASD and another diagnosis (e.g., ADHD, learning disability) and girls with ASD may be particularly at risk of experiencing poorer psychological health while enrolled in postsecondary education. Using this information, postsecondary institutions can provide more targeted support services to students with ASD enrolled in postsecondary education. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2099 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=400 [article] Academic and psychosocial characteristics of incoming college freshmen with autism spectrum disorder: The role of comorbidity and gender [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / A. STURM, Auteur ; Connie KASARI, Auteur . - 2019 . - p.931-940. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-6 (June 2019) . - p.931-940 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  comorbidity  gender  postsecondary education Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There is a pressing need to better characterize the college-bound population of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as prior studies have included small samples, consisting of individuals who are either recruited due to diagnosis or are treatment seeking. As postsecondary institutions look to respond to the growing need for support services for individuals with ASD, insights derived from large, population-based samples is a necessity. The current study included a sample of over 2000 incoming postsecondary students who self-identified with ASD as a part of surveys distributed by institutions nationally. The impact of heterogeneity (gender, comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], and/or learning disability) on demographic characteristics, and psychosocial (psychological health, interpersonal self-confidence) and academic (self-regulated learning, intellectual self-confidence) domains critical for success in postsecondary education were compared to a matched sample of students with ADHD or no diagnoses. College-bound students with ASD broadly endorsed similar rates of ADHD, LD, and psychological disorder comorbidity to clinic-referred samples, and were more similar than different from their typically developing peers. A comorbid diagnosis of ADHD was associated with greater academic disengagement. Females with ASD and those with any comorbid disorder were more likely to self-report poorer psychological health. Findings revealed that self-reported levels of functioning in critical domains differed by self-reported comorbid disorders and gender. Findings have implications for targeted support service recommendations based on unique sources of heterogeneity (e.g., gender, presenting comorbid disorders) and are detailed in the current study. Autism Res 2019, 12: 931-940. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: College-bound students with ASD feel academically competent; however feel less confident with their peers. Students with ASD and another diagnosis (e.g., ADHD, learning disability) and girls with ASD may be particularly at risk of experiencing poorer psychological health while enrolled in postsecondary education. Using this information, postsecondary institutions can provide more targeted support services to students with ASD enrolled in postsecondary education. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2099 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=400

Meeting the 24-hr movement guidelines: An update on US youth with autism spectrum disorder from the 2016 National Survey of Children's Health / S. HEALY in Autism Research, 12-6 (June 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-6 (June 2019) . - p.941-951 Titre : Meeting the 24-hr movement guidelines: An update on US youth with autism spectrum disorder from the 2016 National Survey of Children's Health Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : S. HEALY, Auteur ; C. J. AIGNER, Auteur ; Justin A. HAEGELE, Auteur ; F. PATTERSON, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : p.941-951 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autistic  exercise  health  obesity  physical activity  screen-time  sedentary behavior  sleep Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The purpose of this study was to examine how adherence to the physical activity (PA), screen-time (ST), and sleep duration guidelines differ between youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and youth with typical development (TD). A secondary objective was to assess how PA, ST, and sleep duration varied among youth with ASD by age and ASD severity. Utilizing the 2016 National Survey of Children's Health data, parental reports of time spent by youth in PA, ST, and sleep were used to determine adherence to the 24-hr movement guidelines for 1008 youth with ASD and 34 489 youth with TD. Multivariate logistic regression analyses determined that children with ASD were less likely to meet the guidelines for PA, ST, and sleep duration, and adolescents with ASD were less likely to meet the guidelines for PA and ST than participants with TD. Furthermore, logistic regression analyses determined adolescents with severe ASD to be less likely to meet the sleep guideline compared to adolescents with mild ASD. Overall, youth with ASD were significantly less likely to adhere to all three guidelines. The findings highlight the breadth of health behaviors that require intervention to counteract the poorer health status among youth with ASD. Autism Res 2019, 12: 941-951. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: New health recommendations suggest children and adolescents should have at least 1 hr of physical activity, no more than 2 hr of screen-time (e.g., television), and 9-11 hr of sleep (or 8-10 hr for children aged 14 or older) every day. This article looked at how children and adolescents with autism meet these new guidelines. The two main results were that: (a) children with autism were less likely to meet all three guidelines compared to children without autism, and (b) adolescents with autism were less likely to meet the guidelines for physical activity and screen-time. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2095 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=400 [article] Meeting the 24-hr movement guidelines: An update on US youth with autism spectrum disorder from the 2016 National Survey of Children's Health [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / S. HEALY, Auteur ; C. J. AIGNER, Auteur ; Justin A. HAEGELE, Auteur ; F. PATTERSON, Auteur . - 2019 . - p.941-951. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-6 (June 2019) . - p.941-951 Mots-clés : autistic  exercise  health  obesity  physical activity  screen-time  sedentary behavior  sleep Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The purpose of this study was to examine how adherence to the physical activity (PA), screen-time (ST), and sleep duration guidelines differ between youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and youth with typical development (TD). A secondary objective was to assess how PA, ST, and sleep duration varied among youth with ASD by age and ASD severity. Utilizing the 2016 National Survey of Children's Health data, parental reports of time spent by youth in PA, ST, and sleep were used to determine adherence to the 24-hr movement guidelines for 1008 youth with ASD and 34 489 youth with TD. Multivariate logistic regression analyses determined that children with ASD were less likely to meet the guidelines for PA, ST, and sleep duration, and adolescents with ASD were less likely to meet the guidelines for PA and ST than participants with TD. Furthermore, logistic regression analyses determined adolescents with severe ASD to be less likely to meet the sleep guideline compared to adolescents with mild ASD. Overall, youth with ASD were significantly less likely to adhere to all three guidelines. The findings highlight the breadth of health behaviors that require intervention to counteract the poorer health status among youth with ASD. Autism Res 2019, 12: 941-951. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: New health recommendations suggest children and adolescents should have at least 1 hr of physical activity, no more than 2 hr of screen-time (e.g., television), and 9-11 hr of sleep (or 8-10 hr for children aged 14 or older) every day. This article looked at how children and adolescents with autism meet these new guidelines. The two main results were that: (a) children with autism were less likely to meet all three guidelines compared to children without autism, and (b) adolescents with autism were less likely to meet the guidelines for physical activity and screen-time. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2095 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=400

Flourishing in children with autism spectrum disorders / C. L. HILTON in Autism Research, 12-6 (June 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-6 (June 2019) . - p.952-966 Titre : Flourishing in children with autism spectrum disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : C. L. HILTON, Auteur ; K. RATCLIFF, Auteur ; Diane M. COLLINS, Auteur ; J. FLANAGAN, Auteur ; I. HONG, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : p.952-966 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  behavioral control  flourishing  large data  school motivation  social competence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Flourishing is an indicator of positive mental health and is important for children's development and well-being. We used variables from the National Survey of Children's Health 2016 as indicators of flourishing (difficulty making friends, is bullied, bullies others, shares ideas with family, argues, finishes tasks, does all homework, shows curiosity, stays calm, and cares about doing well in school) to compare differences in parent perceptions of their children with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We anticipate that these findings will help identify intervention targets to support the well-being of individuals with ASD. Children between 6 and 17 years of age, without intellectual disability, brain injury, cerebral palsy, or Down syndrome were included. Total participants were 34,171 controls (male/female = 17,116/17,155) and 812 with ASD (male/female = 668/144). Factor analysis resulted in three-factor structures (social competence, behavioral control, and school motivation) with good model fit (root mean square error of approximation = 0.08, comparative fit index = 0.92, Tucker-Lewis index = 0.89). The multivariate regression model and propensity score with inverse probability of treatment weighting (PS-IPTW) method revealed that children with ASD had lower scores in the social competence and behavioral control factors compared to the control group (all P < 0.05). However, no significant differences were found in the school motivation factor between the two groups (P > 0.05) in both multivariate regression model and PS-IPTW method. Findings suggest that social competence and behavioral control are indicators of flourishing and are important intervention targets to increase flourishing among children with ASD. Autism Res 2019, 12: 952-966. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Flourishing is an indicator of positive mental health and is important for children's development and well-being. We used variables from The National Survey of Children's Health 2016 to examine differences in parent perceptions of the indicators of flourishing (difficulty making friends, is bullied, bullies others, shares ideas with family, argues, finishes tasks, does all homework, shows curiosity, stays calm, and cares about doing well in school) between children with and without autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We anticipate that this information will help to identify therapeutic targets to support the well-being of individuals with ASD. Children between 6 and 17 years old, without intellectual disability (ID), brain injury (BI), cerebral palsy (CP), or Down syndrome (DS) were included. From the total (N = 50,212), we excluded children under age 6 (n = 14,494), those who once, but do not currently have ASD (n = 81), and those with ID (n = 432), BI (n = 170), CP (n = 35), and DS (n = 17), resulting in 34,983 records used. Total participants, age 6-17 years, were 34,171 controls (male/female = 17,116/17,155) and 812 with ASD (male/female = 668/144). Factor analysis resulted in the identification of three flourishing categories among the indicator variables (social competence, behavioral control, and school motivation). Children with ASD had lower scores in the social competence and behavioral control factors compared to the control group. However, there were no significant differences in the school motivation factor between the two groups. Findings suggest that social competence and behavioral control are indicators of flourishing and are important intervention targets to increase flourishing among children with ASD. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2097 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=400 [article] Flourishing in children with autism spectrum disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / C. L. HILTON, Auteur ; K. RATCLIFF, Auteur ; Diane M. COLLINS, Auteur ; J. FLANAGAN, Auteur ; I. HONG, Auteur . - 2019 . - p.952-966. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-6 (June 2019) . - p.952-966 Mots-clés : autism  behavioral control  flourishing  large data  school motivation  social competence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Flourishing is an indicator of positive mental health and is important for children's development and well-being. We used variables from the National Survey of Children's Health 2016 as indicators of flourishing (difficulty making friends, is bullied, bullies others, shares ideas with family, argues, finishes tasks, does all homework, shows curiosity, stays calm, and cares about doing well in school) to compare differences in parent perceptions of their children with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We anticipate that these findings will help identify intervention targets to support the well-being of individuals with ASD. Children between 6 and 17 years of age, without intellectual disability, brain injury, cerebral palsy, or Down syndrome were included. Total participants were 34,171 controls (male/female = 17,116/17,155) and 812 with ASD (male/female = 668/144). Factor analysis resulted in three-factor structures (social competence, behavioral control, and school motivation) with good model fit (root mean square error of approximation = 0.08, comparative fit index = 0.92, Tucker-Lewis index = 0.89). The multivariate regression model and propensity score with inverse probability of treatment weighting (PS-IPTW) method revealed that children with ASD had lower scores in the social competence and behavioral control factors compared to the control group (all P < 0.05). However, no significant differences were found in the school motivation factor between the two groups (P > 0.05) in both multivariate regression model and PS-IPTW method. Findings suggest that social competence and behavioral control are indicators of flourishing and are important intervention targets to increase flourishing among children with ASD. Autism Res 2019, 12: 952-966. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Flourishing is an indicator of positive mental health and is important for children's development and well-being. We used variables from The National Survey of Children's Health 2016 to examine differences in parent perceptions of the indicators of flourishing (difficulty making friends, is bullied, bullies others, shares ideas with family, argues, finishes tasks, does all homework, shows curiosity, stays calm, and cares about doing well in school) between children with and without autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We anticipate that this information will help to identify therapeutic targets to support the well-being of individuals with ASD. Children between 6 and 17 years old, without intellectual disability (ID), brain injury (BI), cerebral palsy (CP), or Down syndrome (DS) were included. From the total (N = 50,212), we excluded children under age 6 (n = 14,494), those who once, but do not currently have ASD (n = 81), and those with ID (n = 432), BI (n = 170), CP (n = 35), and DS (n = 17), resulting in 34,983 records used. Total participants, age 6-17 years, were 34,171 controls (male/female = 17,116/17,155) and 812 with ASD (male/female = 668/144). Factor analysis resulted in the identification of three flourishing categories among the indicator variables (social competence, behavioral control, and school motivation). Children with ASD had lower scores in the social competence and behavioral control factors compared to the control group. However, there were no significant differences in the school motivation factor between the two groups. Findings suggest that social competence and behavioral control are indicators of flourishing and are important intervention targets to increase flourishing among children with ASD. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2097 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=400

Maternal diabetes and hypertensive disorders in association with autism spectrum disorder / C. CORDERO in Autism Research, 12-6 (June 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-6 (June 2019) . - p.967-975 Titre : Maternal diabetes and hypertensive disorders in association with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : C. CORDERO, Auteur ; G. C. WINDHAM, Auteur ; Laura A. SCHIEVE, Auteur ; M. D. FALLIN, Auteur ; Lisa A. CROEN, Auteur ; A. M. SIEGA-RIZ, Auteur ; S. M. ENGEL, Auteur ; A. H. HERRING, Auteur ; A. M. STUEBE, Auteur ; C. J. VLADUTIU, Auteur ; Julie L. DANIELS, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : p.967-975 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous studies have shown complications of pregnancy, often examined in aggregate, to be associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Results for specific complications, such as maternal diabetes and hypertension, have not been uniformly consistent and should be investigated independently in relation to ASD in a large community-based sample. The Study to Explore Early Development (SEED), a US multisite case-control study, enrolled children born in 2003-2006 at 2-5 years of age. Children were classified into three groups based on confirmation of ASD (n = 698), non-ASD developmental delay (DD; n = 887), or controls drawn from the general population (POP; n = 979). Diagnoses of any diabetes or hypertensive disorder during pregnancy were identified from prenatal medical records and maternal self-report. Logistic regression models estimated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and confidence intervals (CI) adjusting for maternal age, race/ethnicity, education, smoking during pregnancy, and study site. Models for hypertension were additionally adjusted for parity and plurality. Among 2,564 mothers, we identified 246 (9.6%) with any diabetes and 386 (15.1%) with any hypertension in pregnancy. After adjustment for covariates, any diabetes during pregnancy was not associated with ASD (aOR = 1.10 [95% CI 0.77, 1.56]), but any hypertension was associated with ASD (aOR = 1.69 [95% CI 1.26, 2.26]). Results were similar for DD, and any diabetes (aOR = 1.29 [95% CI 0.94, 1.78]) or any hypertension (aOR = 1.71 [95% CI 1.30, 2.25]). Some pregnancy complications, such as hypertension, may play a role in autism etiology and can possibly serve as a prompt for more vigilant ASD screening efforts. Autism Res 2019, 12: 967-975. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: We studied if common complications in pregnancy are associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in a large sample of mothers and children. Our results show an association between conditions marked by high blood pressure and ASD, but no association with conditions marked by high blood sugar and ASD. Associations were similar for children who had a developmental disorder that was not ASD, suggesting that this relationship may not be specific to ASD. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2105 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=400 [article] Maternal diabetes and hypertensive disorders in association with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / C. CORDERO, Auteur ; G. C. WINDHAM, Auteur ; Laura A. SCHIEVE, Auteur ; M. D. FALLIN, Auteur ; Lisa A. CROEN, Auteur ; A. M. SIEGA-RIZ, Auteur ; S. M. ENGEL, Auteur ; A. H. HERRING, Auteur ; A. M. STUEBE, Auteur ; C. J. VLADUTIU, Auteur ; Julie L. DANIELS, Auteur . - 2019 . - p.967-975. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-6 (June 2019) . - p.967-975 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous studies have shown complications of pregnancy, often examined in aggregate, to be associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Results for specific complications, such as maternal diabetes and hypertension, have not been uniformly consistent and should be investigated independently in relation to ASD in a large community-based sample. The Study to Explore Early Development (SEED), a US multisite case-control study, enrolled children born in 2003-2006 at 2-5 years of age. Children were classified into three groups based on confirmation of ASD (n = 698), non-ASD developmental delay (DD; n = 887), or controls drawn from the general population (POP; n = 979). Diagnoses of any diabetes or hypertensive disorder during pregnancy were identified from prenatal medical records and maternal self-report. Logistic regression models estimated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and confidence intervals (CI) adjusting for maternal age, race/ethnicity, education, smoking during pregnancy, and study site. Models for hypertension were additionally adjusted for parity and plurality. Among 2,564 mothers, we identified 246 (9.6%) with any diabetes and 386 (15.1%) with any hypertension in pregnancy. After adjustment for covariates, any diabetes during pregnancy was not associated with ASD (aOR = 1.10 [95% CI 0.77, 1.56]), but any hypertension was associated with ASD (aOR = 1.69 [95% CI 1.26, 2.26]). Results were similar for DD, and any diabetes (aOR = 1.29 [95% CI 0.94, 1.78]) or any hypertension (aOR = 1.71 [95% CI 1.30, 2.25]). Some pregnancy complications, such as hypertension, may play a role in autism etiology and can possibly serve as a prompt for more vigilant ASD screening efforts. Autism Res 2019, 12: 967-975. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: We studied if common complications in pregnancy are associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in a large sample of mothers and children. Our results show an association between conditions marked by high blood pressure and ASD, but no association with conditions marked by high blood sugar and ASD. Associations were similar for children who had a developmental disorder that was not ASD, suggesting that this relationship may not be specific to ASD. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2105 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=400

Neonatal vitamin D status in relation to autism spectrum disorder and developmental delay in the CHARGE case-control study / Rebecca J. SCHMIDT in Autism Research, 12-6 (June 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-6 (June 2019) . - p.976-988 Titre : Neonatal vitamin D status in relation to autism spectrum disorder and developmental delay in the CHARGE case-control study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rebecca J. SCHMIDT, Auteur ; Q. NIU, Auteur ; D. W. EYLES, Auteur ; R. L. HANSEN, Auteur ; A. M. IOSIF, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : p.976-988 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Down syndrome  autism spectrum disorder  child development disorders  infant  newborn  prevention  vitamin D Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Vitamin D appears essential for normal neurodevelopment and cognitive and behavioral function. We examined neonatal vitamin D in relation to the child's later diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or developmental delay (DD). Children aged 24-60 months enrolled in the population-based CHARGE case-control study were evaluated clinically for ASD (n = 357), DD (n = 134), or typical development (TD, n = 234) at the MIND Institute (Sacramento, CA) using standardized assessments. Total 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) was measured using sensitive isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in archived dried blood spots collected for the California Department of Public Health's Newborn Screening Program. Multinomial logistic regression was used to calculate ORs as measures of the associations between 25 nmol/L change in 25(OH)D and ASD and DD. Associations between 25(OH)D and scores on Mullen Scales of Early Learning and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales were assessed using robust linear regression. Effect modification was examined using stratified models and interaction product terms. Unadjusted mean (SD) 25(OH)D was lower for DD (73.2 [37.6]) than for TD (82.7 [39.3]) and ASD (80.1 [37.4]). After adjustment for maternal prepregnancy body mass index and education, a 25 nmol/L increase in total 25(OH)D was not associated with ASD (OR = 0.97; CI: 0.87-1.08) or DD (OR = 0.91; 95% CI: 0.78-1.06). Neonatal 25(OH)D was associated with significantly reduced ASD only in females (adjusted OR = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.55-0.99, Pinteraction = 0.03), and significantly reduced DD only in non-Hispanic white children (adjusted OR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.63-0.98, Pinteraction = 0.11 for Hispanic, Pinteraction = 0.31 for other), driven by DD children with trisomy 21. This study provides evidence that neonatal vitamin D could be associated with ASD in females and with DD in non-Hispanic white children. Autism Res 2019, 12: 976-988. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Vitamin D appears essential for brain development and function. We examined neonatal total 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) measured in dried blood spots in relation to later diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or developmental delay (DD) and related assessment scores. Higher neonatal 25(OH)D was associated with a 26% reduction in the odds for ASD only in females. After taking into account factors that could contribute to vitamin D status, a significant association with 21% reduced odds for DD was found only in non-Hispanic white children. Though results were nonsignificant overall, certain subgroups might benefit from higher neonatal vitamin D. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2118 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=400 [article] Neonatal vitamin D status in relation to autism spectrum disorder and developmental delay in the CHARGE case-control study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rebecca J. SCHMIDT, Auteur ; Q. NIU, Auteur ; D. W. EYLES, Auteur ; R. L. HANSEN, Auteur ; A. M. IOSIF, Auteur . - 2019 . - p.976-988. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-6 (June 2019) . - p.976-988 Mots-clés : Down syndrome  autism spectrum disorder  child development disorders  infant  newborn  prevention  vitamin D Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Vitamin D appears essential for normal neurodevelopment and cognitive and behavioral function. We examined neonatal vitamin D in relation to the child's later diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or developmental delay (DD). Children aged 24-60 months enrolled in the population-based CHARGE case-control study were evaluated clinically for ASD (n = 357), DD (n = 134), or typical development (TD, n = 234) at the MIND Institute (Sacramento, CA) using standardized assessments. Total 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) was measured using sensitive isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in archived dried blood spots collected for the California Department of Public Health's Newborn Screening Program. Multinomial logistic regression was used to calculate ORs as measures of the associations between 25 nmol/L change in 25(OH)D and ASD and DD. Associations between 25(OH)D and scores on Mullen Scales of Early Learning and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales were assessed using robust linear regression. Effect modification was examined using stratified models and interaction product terms. Unadjusted mean (SD) 25(OH)D was lower for DD (73.2 [37.6]) than for TD (82.7 [39.3]) and ASD (80.1 [37.4]). After adjustment for maternal prepregnancy body mass index and education, a 25 nmol/L increase in total 25(OH)D was not associated with ASD (OR = 0.97; CI: 0.87-1.08) or DD (OR = 0.91; 95% CI: 0.78-1.06). Neonatal 25(OH)D was associated with significantly reduced ASD only in females (adjusted OR = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.55-0.99, Pinteraction = 0.03), and significantly reduced DD only in non-Hispanic white children (adjusted OR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.63-0.98, Pinteraction = 0.11 for Hispanic, Pinteraction = 0.31 for other), driven by DD children with trisomy 21. This study provides evidence that neonatal vitamin D could be associated with ASD in females and with DD in non-Hispanic white children. Autism Res 2019, 12: 976-988. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Vitamin D appears essential for brain development and function. We examined neonatal total 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) measured in dried blood spots in relation to later diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or developmental delay (DD) and related assessment scores. Higher neonatal 25(OH)D was associated with a 26% reduction in the odds for ASD only in females. After taking into account factors that could contribute to vitamin D status, a significant association with 21% reduced odds for DD was found only in non-Hispanic white children. Though results were nonsignificant overall, certain subgroups might benefit from higher neonatal vitamin D. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2118 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=400

Newborn vitamin D levels in relation to autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disability: A case-control study in california / G. C. WINDHAM in Autism Research, 12-6 (June 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-6 (June 2019) . - p.989-998 Titre : Newborn vitamin D levels in relation to autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disability: A case-control study in california Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : G. C. WINDHAM, Auteur ; M. PEARL, Auteur ; M. C. ANDERSON, Auteur ; V. POON, Auteur ; D. EYLES, Auteur ; K. L. JONES, Auteur ; K. LYALL, Auteur ; M. KHARRAZI, Auteur ; Lisa A. CROEN, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : p.989-998 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Asd  autism  hydroxy-vitamin D  intellectual disability  vitamin D Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Vitamin D deficiency has been increasing concurrently with prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and emerging evidence suggests vitamin D is involved in brain development. Most prior studies of ASD examined vitamin D levels in children already diagnosed, but a few examined levels during perinatal development, the more likely susceptibility period. Therefore, we examined newborn vitamin D levels in a case-control study conducted among births in 2000-2003 in southern California. Children with ASD (N = 563) or intellectual disability (ID) (N = 190) were identified from the Department of Developmental Services and compared to population controls (N = 436) identified from birth certificates. 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured in archived newborn dried blood spots by a sensitive assay and corrected to sera equivalents. We categorized 25(OH) D levels as deficient (<50 nmol/L), insufficient (50-74 nmol/L), and sufficient (>/=75 nmol/L), and also examined continuous levels, using logistic regression. The adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals for ASD were 0.96 (0.64-1.4) for 25(OH)D deficiency (14% of newborns) and 1.2 (0.86-1.6) for insufficiency (26% of newborns). The AORs for continuous 25(OH)D (per 25 nmol/L) were 1.0 (0.91-1.09) for ASD and 1.14 (1.0-1.30) for ID. Thus, in this relatively large study of measured newborn vitamin D levels, our results do not support the hypothesis of lower 25(OH)D being associated with higher risk of ASD (or ID), although we observed suggestion of interactions with sex and race/ethnicity. 25(OH)D levels were relatively high (median 84 nmol/L in controls), so results may differ in populations with higher prevalence of low vitamin D levels. Autism Res 2019, 12: 989-998. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: We studied whether vitamin D levels measured at birth were related to whether a child later developed autism (or low IQ). Our results did not show that children with autism, or low IQ, overall had lower vitamin D levels at birth than children without autism. Vitamin D levels were fairly high, on average, in these children born in Southern California. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2092 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=401 [article] Newborn vitamin D levels in relation to autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disability: A case-control study in california [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / G. C. WINDHAM, Auteur ; M. PEARL, Auteur ; M. C. ANDERSON, Auteur ; V. POON, Auteur ; D. EYLES, Auteur ; K. L. JONES, Auteur ; K. LYALL, Auteur ; M. KHARRAZI, Auteur ; Lisa A. CROEN, Auteur . - 2019 . - p.989-998. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-6 (June 2019) . - p.989-998 Mots-clés : Asd  autism  hydroxy-vitamin D  intellectual disability  vitamin D Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Vitamin D deficiency has been increasing concurrently with prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and emerging evidence suggests vitamin D is involved in brain development. Most prior studies of ASD examined vitamin D levels in children already diagnosed, but a few examined levels during perinatal development, the more likely susceptibility period. Therefore, we examined newborn vitamin D levels in a case-control study conducted among births in 2000-2003 in southern California. Children with ASD (N = 563) or intellectual disability (ID) (N = 190) were identified from the Department of Developmental Services and compared to population controls (N = 436) identified from birth certificates. 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured in archived newborn dried blood spots by a sensitive assay and corrected to sera equivalents. We categorized 25(OH) D levels as deficient (<50 nmol/L), insufficient (50-74 nmol/L), and sufficient (>/=75 nmol/L), and also examined continuous levels, using logistic regression. The adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals for ASD were 0.96 (0.64-1.4) for 25(OH)D deficiency (14% of newborns) and 1.2 (0.86-1.6) for insufficiency (26% of newborns). The AORs for continuous 25(OH)D (per 25 nmol/L) were 1.0 (0.91-1.09) for ASD and 1.14 (1.0-1.30) for ID. Thus, in this relatively large study of measured newborn vitamin D levels, our results do not support the hypothesis of lower 25(OH)D being associated with higher risk of ASD (or ID), although we observed suggestion of interactions with sex and race/ethnicity. 25(OH)D levels were relatively high (median 84 nmol/L in controls), so results may differ in populations with higher prevalence of low vitamin D levels. Autism Res 2019, 12: 989-998. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: We studied whether vitamin D levels measured at birth were related to whether a child later developed autism (or low IQ). Our results did not show that children with autism, or low IQ, overall had lower vitamin D levels at birth than children without autism. Vitamin D levels were fairly high, on average, in these children born in Southern California. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2092 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=401