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Basic and complex emotion recognition in children with autism: cross-cultural findings / S. FRIDENSON-HAYO in Molecular Autism, 7 (2016)
[article]
Titre : Basic and complex emotion recognition in children with autism: cross-cultural findings Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : S. FRIDENSON-HAYO, Auteur ; Steve BERGGREN, Auteur ; A. LASSALLE, Auteur ; S. TAL, Auteur ; D. PIGAT, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; O. GOLAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : 52p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Acoustic Stimulation Auditory Perception Autism Spectrum Disorder/physiopathology/psychology Case-Control Studies Child Child, Preschool Cross-Cultural Comparison Emotions Facial Expression Female Humans Israel Male Photic Stimulation Psychological Tests Sweden United Kingdom Video Recording Visual Perception Autism spectrum condition Basic emotions Complex emotions Cross-cultural research Emotion recognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Children with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) have emotion recognition deficits when tested in different expression modalities (face, voice, body). However, these findings usually focus on basic emotions, using one or two expression modalities. In addition, cultural similarities and differences in emotion recognition patterns in children with ASC have not been explored before. The current study examined the similarities and differences in the recognition of basic and complex emotions by children with ASC and typically developing (TD) controls across three cultures: Israel, Britain, and Sweden. METHODS: Fifty-five children with high-functioning ASC, aged 5-9, were compared to 58 TD children. On each site, groups were matched on age, sex, and IQ. Children were tested using four tasks, examining recognition of basic and complex emotions from voice recordings, videos of facial and bodily expressions, and emotional video scenarios including all modalities in context. RESULTS: Compared to their TD peers, children with ASC showed emotion recognition deficits in both basic and complex emotions on all three modalities and their integration in context. Complex emotions were harder to recognize, compared to basic emotions for the entire sample. Cross-cultural agreement was found for all major findings, with minor deviations on the face and body tasks. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight the multimodal nature of ER deficits in ASC, which exist for basic as well as complex emotions and are relatively stable cross-culturally. Cross-cultural research has the potential to reveal both autism-specific universal deficits and the role that specific cultures play in the way empathy operates in different countries. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-016-0113-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=328
in Molecular Autism > 7 (2016) . - 52p.[article] Basic and complex emotion recognition in children with autism: cross-cultural findings [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / S. FRIDENSON-HAYO, Auteur ; Steve BERGGREN, Auteur ; A. LASSALLE, Auteur ; S. TAL, Auteur ; D. PIGAT, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; O. GOLAN, Auteur . - 52p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > 7 (2016) . - 52p.
Mots-clés : Acoustic Stimulation Auditory Perception Autism Spectrum Disorder/physiopathology/psychology Case-Control Studies Child Child, Preschool Cross-Cultural Comparison Emotions Facial Expression Female Humans Israel Male Photic Stimulation Psychological Tests Sweden United Kingdom Video Recording Visual Perception Autism spectrum condition Basic emotions Complex emotions Cross-cultural research Emotion recognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Children with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) have emotion recognition deficits when tested in different expression modalities (face, voice, body). However, these findings usually focus on basic emotions, using one or two expression modalities. In addition, cultural similarities and differences in emotion recognition patterns in children with ASC have not been explored before. The current study examined the similarities and differences in the recognition of basic and complex emotions by children with ASC and typically developing (TD) controls across three cultures: Israel, Britain, and Sweden. METHODS: Fifty-five children with high-functioning ASC, aged 5-9, were compared to 58 TD children. On each site, groups were matched on age, sex, and IQ. Children were tested using four tasks, examining recognition of basic and complex emotions from voice recordings, videos of facial and bodily expressions, and emotional video scenarios including all modalities in context. RESULTS: Compared to their TD peers, children with ASC showed emotion recognition deficits in both basic and complex emotions on all three modalities and their integration in context. Complex emotions were harder to recognize, compared to basic emotions for the entire sample. Cross-cultural agreement was found for all major findings, with minor deviations on the face and body tasks. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight the multimodal nature of ER deficits in ASC, which exist for basic as well as complex emotions and are relatively stable cross-culturally. Cross-cultural research has the potential to reveal both autism-specific universal deficits and the role that specific cultures play in the way empathy operates in different countries. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-016-0113-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=328 Effect of presentation rate on auditory processing in Rett syndrome: event-related potential study / Anna REBREIKINA ; Victoria VOINOVA ; Olga SYSOEVA in Molecular Autism, 14 (2023)
[article]
Titre : Effect of presentation rate on auditory processing in Rett syndrome: event-related potential study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Anna REBREIKINA, Auteur ; Victoria VOINOVA, Auteur ; Olga SYSOEVA, Auteur Article en page(s) : 40 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Child Humans Child, Preschool Adolescent *Rett Syndrome/diagnosis/genetics Evoked Potentials, Auditory/physiology Acoustic Stimulation Evoked Potentials Electroencephalography Auditory Perception/physiology Auditory event-related potential (ERP) Presentation rate Rett syndrome Stimulus-specific adaptation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Rett syndrome (RS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by mutations in the MECP2 gene. Patients with RS have severe motor abnormalities and are often unable to walk, use hands and speak. The preservation of perceptual and cognitive functions is hard to assess, while clinicians and care-givers point out that these patients need more time to process information than typically developing peers. Neurophysiological correlates of auditory processing have been also found to be distorted in RS, but sound presentation rates were relatively quick in these studies (stimulus onset asynchrony, SOA<1000 ms). As auditory event-related potential (ERP) is typically increased with prolongation of SOA we aim to study if SOA prolongation might compensate for observed abnormalities. METHODS: We presented a repetitive stimulus (1000 Hz) at three different SOAs of 900 ms, 1800 ms, and 3600 ms in children with RS (N=24, Mean age=9.0?+?3.1) and their typical development (TD) peers (N=27, Mean age=9.7?+?3.4) while recording 28-channels electroencephalogram, EEG. Some RS participants (n=10) did not show clear ERP and were excluded from the analysis. RESULTS: Major ERP components (here assessed as N1P1 and P2N1 peak-to-peak values) were smaller at SOA 900 than at longer SOAs in both groups, pointing out that the basic mechanism of adaptation in the auditory system is preserved in at least in RS patients with evident ERPs. At the same time the latencies of these components were significantly delayed in the RS than in TD. Moreover, late components (P2N1 and N2P2) were drastically reduced in Rett syndrome irrespective of the SOA, suggesting a largely affected mechanism of integration of upcoming sensory input with memory. Moreover, developmental stagnation of auditory ERP characterized patients with RS: absence of typical P2N1 enlargement and P1 and N1 shortening with age at least for shortest SOA. LIMITATIONS: We could not figure out the cause for the high percentage of no-evident ERP RS participants and our final sample of the RS group was rather small. Also, our study did not include a control clinical group. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, auditory ERPs inform us about abnormalities within auditory processing that cannot be fully overcomed by slowing presentation rate. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-023-00566-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=518
in Molecular Autism > 14 (2023) . - 40 p.[article] Effect of presentation rate on auditory processing in Rett syndrome: event-related potential study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Anna REBREIKINA, Auteur ; Victoria VOINOVA, Auteur ; Olga SYSOEVA, Auteur . - 40 p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > 14 (2023) . - 40 p.
Mots-clés : Child Humans Child, Preschool Adolescent *Rett Syndrome/diagnosis/genetics Evoked Potentials, Auditory/physiology Acoustic Stimulation Evoked Potentials Electroencephalography Auditory Perception/physiology Auditory event-related potential (ERP) Presentation rate Rett syndrome Stimulus-specific adaptation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Rett syndrome (RS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by mutations in the MECP2 gene. Patients with RS have severe motor abnormalities and are often unable to walk, use hands and speak. The preservation of perceptual and cognitive functions is hard to assess, while clinicians and care-givers point out that these patients need more time to process information than typically developing peers. Neurophysiological correlates of auditory processing have been also found to be distorted in RS, but sound presentation rates were relatively quick in these studies (stimulus onset asynchrony, SOA<1000 ms). As auditory event-related potential (ERP) is typically increased with prolongation of SOA we aim to study if SOA prolongation might compensate for observed abnormalities. METHODS: We presented a repetitive stimulus (1000 Hz) at three different SOAs of 900 ms, 1800 ms, and 3600 ms in children with RS (N=24, Mean age=9.0?+?3.1) and their typical development (TD) peers (N=27, Mean age=9.7?+?3.4) while recording 28-channels electroencephalogram, EEG. Some RS participants (n=10) did not show clear ERP and were excluded from the analysis. RESULTS: Major ERP components (here assessed as N1P1 and P2N1 peak-to-peak values) were smaller at SOA 900 than at longer SOAs in both groups, pointing out that the basic mechanism of adaptation in the auditory system is preserved in at least in RS patients with evident ERPs. At the same time the latencies of these components were significantly delayed in the RS than in TD. Moreover, late components (P2N1 and N2P2) were drastically reduced in Rett syndrome irrespective of the SOA, suggesting a largely affected mechanism of integration of upcoming sensory input with memory. Moreover, developmental stagnation of auditory ERP characterized patients with RS: absence of typical P2N1 enlargement and P1 and N1 shortening with age at least for shortest SOA. LIMITATIONS: We could not figure out the cause for the high percentage of no-evident ERP RS participants and our final sample of the RS group was rather small. Also, our study did not include a control clinical group. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, auditory ERPs inform us about abnormalities within auditory processing that cannot be fully overcomed by slowing presentation rate. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-023-00566-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=518 Face-viewing patterns predict audiovisual speech integration in autistic children / S. FENG in Autism Research, 14-12 (December 2021)
[article]
Titre : Face-viewing patterns predict audiovisual speech integration in autistic children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : S. FENG, Auteur ; H. LU, Auteur ; Q. WANG, Auteur ; T. LI, Auteur ; J. FANG, Auteur ; L. CHEN, Auteur ; L. YI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2592-2602 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Acoustic Stimulation Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications Autistic Disorder/complications Child Child, Preschool Female Humans Mouth Speech Speech Perception Visual Perception McGurk effect atypical face-viewing patterns audiovisual speech integration autistic children eye movements Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic children show audiovisual speech integration deficits, though the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The present study examined how audiovisual speech integration deficits in autistic children could be affected by their looking patterns. We measured audiovisual speech integration in 26 autistic children and 26 typically developing (TD) children (4- to 7-year-old) employing the McGurk task (a videotaped speaker uttering phonemes with her eyes open or closed) and tracked their eye movements. We found that, compared with TD children, autistic children showed weaker audiovisual speech integration (i.e., the McGurk effect) in the open-eyes condition and similar audiovisual speech integration in the closed-eyes condition. Autistic children viewed the speaker's mouth less in non-McGurk trials than in McGurk trials in both conditions. Importantly, autistic children's weaker audiovisual speech integration could be predicted by their reduced mouth-looking time. The present study indicated that atypical face-viewing patterns could serve as one of the cognitive mechanisms of audiovisual speech integration deficits in autistic children. LAY SUMMARY: McGurk effect occurs when the visual part of a phoneme (e.g., "ga") and the auditory part of another phoneme (e.g., "ba") uttered by a speaker were integrated into a fused perception (e.g., "da"). The present study examined how McGurk effect in autistic children could be affected by their looking patterns for the speaker's face. We found that less looking time for the speaker's mouth in autistic children could predict weaker McGurk effect. As McGurk effect manifests audiovisual speech integration, our findings imply that we could improve audiovisual speech integration in autistic children by directing them to look at the speaker's mouth in future intervention. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2598 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450
in Autism Research > 14-12 (December 2021) . - p.2592-2602[article] Face-viewing patterns predict audiovisual speech integration in autistic children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / S. FENG, Auteur ; H. LU, Auteur ; Q. WANG, Auteur ; T. LI, Auteur ; J. FANG, Auteur ; L. CHEN, Auteur ; L. YI, Auteur . - p.2592-2602.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 14-12 (December 2021) . - p.2592-2602
Mots-clés : Acoustic Stimulation Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications Autistic Disorder/complications Child Child, Preschool Female Humans Mouth Speech Speech Perception Visual Perception McGurk effect atypical face-viewing patterns audiovisual speech integration autistic children eye movements Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic children show audiovisual speech integration deficits, though the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The present study examined how audiovisual speech integration deficits in autistic children could be affected by their looking patterns. We measured audiovisual speech integration in 26 autistic children and 26 typically developing (TD) children (4- to 7-year-old) employing the McGurk task (a videotaped speaker uttering phonemes with her eyes open or closed) and tracked their eye movements. We found that, compared with TD children, autistic children showed weaker audiovisual speech integration (i.e., the McGurk effect) in the open-eyes condition and similar audiovisual speech integration in the closed-eyes condition. Autistic children viewed the speaker's mouth less in non-McGurk trials than in McGurk trials in both conditions. Importantly, autistic children's weaker audiovisual speech integration could be predicted by their reduced mouth-looking time. The present study indicated that atypical face-viewing patterns could serve as one of the cognitive mechanisms of audiovisual speech integration deficits in autistic children. LAY SUMMARY: McGurk effect occurs when the visual part of a phoneme (e.g., "ga") and the auditory part of another phoneme (e.g., "ba") uttered by a speaker were integrated into a fused perception (e.g., "da"). The present study examined how McGurk effect in autistic children could be affected by their looking patterns for the speaker's face. We found that less looking time for the speaker's mouth in autistic children could predict weaker McGurk effect. As McGurk effect manifests audiovisual speech integration, our findings imply that we could improve audiovisual speech integration in autistic children by directing them to look at the speaker's mouth in future intervention. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2598 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450 Lifelong Tone Language Experience does not Eliminate Deficits in Neural Encoding of Pitch in Autism Spectrum Disorder / J. C. Y. LAU in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51-9 (September 2021)
[article]
Titre : Lifelong Tone Language Experience does not Eliminate Deficits in Neural Encoding of Pitch in Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : J. C. Y. LAU, Auteur ; C. K. S. TO, Auteur ; J. S. K. KWAN, Auteur ; X. KANG, Auteur ; M. LOSH, Auteur ; P. C. M. WONG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3291-3310 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Acoustic Stimulation Adult Autism Spectrum Disorder Child Humans Language Pitch Perception Autism Spectrum Disorder Frequency-following responses Machine-learning Neural pitch encoding Tone language Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Atypical pitch processing is a feature of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), which affects non-tone language speakers' communication. Lifelong auditory experience has been demonstrated to modify genetically-predisposed risks for pitch processing. We examined individuals with ASD to test the hypothesis that lifelong auditory experience in tone language may eliminate impaired pitch processing in ASD. We examined children's and adults' Frequency-following Response (FFR), a neurophysiological component indexing early neural sensory encoding of pitch. Univariate and machine-learning-based analytics suggest less robust pitch encoding and diminished pitch distinctions in the FFR from individuals with ASD. Contrary to our hypothesis, results point to a linguistic pitch encoding impairment associated with ASD that may not be eliminated even by lifelong sensory experience. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04796-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=453
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-9 (September 2021) . - p.3291-3310[article] Lifelong Tone Language Experience does not Eliminate Deficits in Neural Encoding of Pitch in Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / J. C. Y. LAU, Auteur ; C. K. S. TO, Auteur ; J. S. K. KWAN, Auteur ; X. KANG, Auteur ; M. LOSH, Auteur ; P. C. M. WONG, Auteur . - p.3291-3310.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-9 (September 2021) . - p.3291-3310
Mots-clés : Acoustic Stimulation Adult Autism Spectrum Disorder Child Humans Language Pitch Perception Autism Spectrum Disorder Frequency-following responses Machine-learning Neural pitch encoding Tone language Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Atypical pitch processing is a feature of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), which affects non-tone language speakers' communication. Lifelong auditory experience has been demonstrated to modify genetically-predisposed risks for pitch processing. We examined individuals with ASD to test the hypothesis that lifelong auditory experience in tone language may eliminate impaired pitch processing in ASD. We examined children's and adults' Frequency-following Response (FFR), a neurophysiological component indexing early neural sensory encoding of pitch. Univariate and machine-learning-based analytics suggest less robust pitch encoding and diminished pitch distinctions in the FFR from individuals with ASD. Contrary to our hypothesis, results point to a linguistic pitch encoding impairment associated with ASD that may not be eliminated even by lifelong sensory experience. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04796-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=453 Overexpression of Homer1a in the basal and lateral amygdala impairs fear conditioning and induces an autism-like social impairment / A. BANERJEE in Molecular Autism, 7 (2016)
[article]
Titre : Overexpression of Homer1a in the basal and lateral amygdala impairs fear conditioning and induces an autism-like social impairment Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : A. BANERJEE, Auteur ; J. A. LUONG, Auteur ; A. HO, Auteur ; A. O. SAIB, Auteur ; J. E. PLOSKI, Auteur Article en page(s) : 16p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Acoustic Stimulation Animals Autism Spectrum Disorder/etiology Basolateral Nuclear Complex/drug effects/metabolism Carrier Proteins/biosynthesis/genetics/physiology Conditioning, Classical/physiology Disease Models, Animal Electroshock Exploratory Behavior/drug effects/physiology Fear/drug effects/physiology Female Freezing Reaction, Cataleptic Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects Genetic Vectors/administration & dosage/genetics Homer Scaffolding Proteins Nerve Tissue Proteins/biosynthesis/genetics/physiology Pregnancy Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis Rats Recombinant Fusion Proteins/biosynthesis/genetics Social Behavior Teratogens/pharmacology Transduction, Genetic Valproic Acid/pharmacology Amygdala Autism Emotion Homer1a Learning Memory Pavlovian fear conditioning Valproic acid Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) represent a heterogeneous group of disorders with a wide range of behavioral impairments including social and communication deficits. Apart from these core symptoms, a significant number of ASD individuals display higher levels of anxiety, and some studies indicate that a subset of ASD individuals have a reduced ability to be fear conditioned. Deciphering the molecular basis of ASD has been considerably challenging and it currently remains poorly understood. In this study we examined the molecular basis of autism-like impairments in an environmentally induced animal model of ASD, where pregnant rats are exposed to the known teratogen, valproic acid (VPA), on day 12.5 of gestation and the subsequent progeny exhibit ASD-like symptoms. We focused our analysis on the basal and lateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA), a region of the brain found to be associated with ASD pathology. METHODS: We performed whole genome gene expression analysis on the BLA using DNA microarrays to examine differences in gene expression within the amygdala of VPA-exposed animals. We validated one VPA-dysregulated candidate gene (Homer1a) using both quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot. Finally, we overexpressed Homer1a within the basal and lateral amygdala of naive animals utilizing adeno-associated viruses (AAV) and subsequently examined these animals in a battery of behavioral tests associated with ASD, including auditory fear conditioning, social interaction and open field. RESULTS: Our microarray data indicated that Homer1a was one of the genes which exhibited a significant upregulation within the amygdala. We observed an increase in Homer1a messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein in multiple cohorts of VPA-exposed animals indicating that dysregulation of Homer1a levels might underlie some of the symptoms exhibited by VPA-exposed animals. To test this hypothesis, we overexpressed Homer1a within BLA neurons utilizing a viral-mediated approach and found that overexpression of Homer1a impaired auditory fear conditioning and reduced social interaction, while having no influence on open-field behavior. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that dysregulation of amygdala Homer1a might contribute to some autism-like symptoms induced by VPA exposure. These findings are interesting in part because Homer1a influences the functioning of Shank3, metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR5), and Homer1, and these proteins have previously been associated with ASD, indicating that these differing models of ASD may have a similar molecular basis. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-016-0077-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=328
in Molecular Autism > 7 (2016) . - 16p.[article] Overexpression of Homer1a in the basal and lateral amygdala impairs fear conditioning and induces an autism-like social impairment [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / A. BANERJEE, Auteur ; J. A. LUONG, Auteur ; A. HO, Auteur ; A. O. SAIB, Auteur ; J. E. PLOSKI, Auteur . - 16p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > 7 (2016) . - 16p.
Mots-clés : Acoustic Stimulation Animals Autism Spectrum Disorder/etiology Basolateral Nuclear Complex/drug effects/metabolism Carrier Proteins/biosynthesis/genetics/physiology Conditioning, Classical/physiology Disease Models, Animal Electroshock Exploratory Behavior/drug effects/physiology Fear/drug effects/physiology Female Freezing Reaction, Cataleptic Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects Genetic Vectors/administration & dosage/genetics Homer Scaffolding Proteins Nerve Tissue Proteins/biosynthesis/genetics/physiology Pregnancy Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis Rats Recombinant Fusion Proteins/biosynthesis/genetics Social Behavior Teratogens/pharmacology Transduction, Genetic Valproic Acid/pharmacology Amygdala Autism Emotion Homer1a Learning Memory Pavlovian fear conditioning Valproic acid Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) represent a heterogeneous group of disorders with a wide range of behavioral impairments including social and communication deficits. Apart from these core symptoms, a significant number of ASD individuals display higher levels of anxiety, and some studies indicate that a subset of ASD individuals have a reduced ability to be fear conditioned. Deciphering the molecular basis of ASD has been considerably challenging and it currently remains poorly understood. In this study we examined the molecular basis of autism-like impairments in an environmentally induced animal model of ASD, where pregnant rats are exposed to the known teratogen, valproic acid (VPA), on day 12.5 of gestation and the subsequent progeny exhibit ASD-like symptoms. We focused our analysis on the basal and lateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA), a region of the brain found to be associated with ASD pathology. METHODS: We performed whole genome gene expression analysis on the BLA using DNA microarrays to examine differences in gene expression within the amygdala of VPA-exposed animals. We validated one VPA-dysregulated candidate gene (Homer1a) using both quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot. Finally, we overexpressed Homer1a within the basal and lateral amygdala of naive animals utilizing adeno-associated viruses (AAV) and subsequently examined these animals in a battery of behavioral tests associated with ASD, including auditory fear conditioning, social interaction and open field. RESULTS: Our microarray data indicated that Homer1a was one of the genes which exhibited a significant upregulation within the amygdala. We observed an increase in Homer1a messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein in multiple cohorts of VPA-exposed animals indicating that dysregulation of Homer1a levels might underlie some of the symptoms exhibited by VPA-exposed animals. To test this hypothesis, we overexpressed Homer1a within BLA neurons utilizing a viral-mediated approach and found that overexpression of Homer1a impaired auditory fear conditioning and reduced social interaction, while having no influence on open-field behavior. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that dysregulation of amygdala Homer1a might contribute to some autism-like symptoms induced by VPA exposure. These findings are interesting in part because Homer1a influences the functioning of Shank3, metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR5), and Homer1, and these proteins have previously been associated with ASD, indicating that these differing models of ASD may have a similar molecular basis. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-016-0077-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=328 Relations Between the McGurk Effect, Social and Communication Skill, and Autistic Features in Children with and without Autism / Jacob I. FELDMAN in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52-5 (May 2022)
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