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Early processing (N170) of infant faces in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder and its association with maternal sensitivity / C. MARQUEZ in Autism Research, 12-5 (May 2019)
[article]
Titre : Early processing (N170) of infant faces in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder and its association with maternal sensitivity Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : C. MARQUEZ, Auteur ; H. NICOLINI, Auteur ; M. J. CROWLEY, Auteur ; R. SOLIS-VIVANCO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.744-758 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : N170 autism spectrum disorder event-related potential infant face processing maternal sensitivity mothers Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit impaired adult facial processing, as shown by the N170 event-related potential. However, few studies explore such processing in mothers of children with ASD, and none has assessed the early processing of infant faces in these women. Moreover, whether processing of infant facial expressions in mothers of children with ASD is related to their response to their child's needs (maternal sensitivity [MS]) remains unknown. This study explored the N170 related to infant faces in a group of mothers of children with ASD (MA) and a reference group of mothers of children without ASD. For both emotional (crying, smiling) and neutral expressions, the MA group exhibited larger amplitudes of N170 in the right hemisphere, while the reference group showed similar interhemispheric amplitudes. This lateralization effect within the MA group was not present for nonfaces and was stronger in the mothers with higher MS. We propose that mothers of ASD children use specialized perceptual resources to process infant faces, and this specialization is mediated by MS. Our findings suggest that having an ASD child modulates mothers' early neurophysiological responsiveness to infant cues. Whether this modulation represents a biological marker or a response given by experience remains to be explored. Autism Research 2019, 12: 744-758. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: When mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) see baby faces expressing emotions, they show a right-sided electrical response in the brain. This lateralization was stronger in mothers who were more sensitive to their children's needs. We conclude that having a child with ASD and being more attuned to their behavior generates a specialized pattern of brain activity when processing infant faces. Whether this pattern is biological or given by experience remains to be explored. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2102 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=397
in Autism Research > 12-5 (May 2019) . - p.744-758[article] Early processing (N170) of infant faces in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder and its association with maternal sensitivity [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / C. MARQUEZ, Auteur ; H. NICOLINI, Auteur ; M. J. CROWLEY, Auteur ; R. SOLIS-VIVANCO, Auteur . - p.744-758.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 12-5 (May 2019) . - p.744-758
Mots-clés : N170 autism spectrum disorder event-related potential infant face processing maternal sensitivity mothers Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit impaired adult facial processing, as shown by the N170 event-related potential. However, few studies explore such processing in mothers of children with ASD, and none has assessed the early processing of infant faces in these women. Moreover, whether processing of infant facial expressions in mothers of children with ASD is related to their response to their child's needs (maternal sensitivity [MS]) remains unknown. This study explored the N170 related to infant faces in a group of mothers of children with ASD (MA) and a reference group of mothers of children without ASD. For both emotional (crying, smiling) and neutral expressions, the MA group exhibited larger amplitudes of N170 in the right hemisphere, while the reference group showed similar interhemispheric amplitudes. This lateralization effect within the MA group was not present for nonfaces and was stronger in the mothers with higher MS. We propose that mothers of ASD children use specialized perceptual resources to process infant faces, and this specialization is mediated by MS. Our findings suggest that having an ASD child modulates mothers' early neurophysiological responsiveness to infant cues. Whether this modulation represents a biological marker or a response given by experience remains to be explored. Autism Research 2019, 12: 744-758. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: When mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) see baby faces expressing emotions, they show a right-sided electrical response in the brain. This lateralization was stronger in mothers who were more sensitive to their children's needs. We conclude that having a child with ASD and being more attuned to their behavior generates a specialized pattern of brain activity when processing infant faces. Whether this pattern is biological or given by experience remains to be explored. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2102 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=397 The N170 event-related potential reflects delayed neural response to faces when visual attention is directed to the eyes in youths with ASD / T. C. PARKER in Autism Research, 14-7 (July 2021)
[article]
Titre : The N170 event-related potential reflects delayed neural response to faces when visual attention is directed to the eyes in youths with ASD Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : T. C. PARKER, Auteur ; M. J. CROWLEY, Auteur ; A. J. NAPLES, Auteur ; M. J. ROLISON, Auteur ; J. WU, Auteur ; J. A. TRAPANI, Auteur ; J. C. MCPARTLAND, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1347-1356 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent Autism Spectrum Disorder Brain Child Evoked Potentials Facial Recognition Humans Eeg N170 autism event-related potential face perception social neuroscience Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Atypical neural response to faces is thought to contribute to social deficits in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Compared to typically developing (TD) controls, individuals with ASD exhibit delayed brain responses to upright faces at a face-sensitive event-related potential (ERP), the N170. Given observed differences in patterns of visual attention to faces, it is not known whether slowed neural processing may simply reflect atypical looking to faces. The present study manipulated visual attention to facial features to examine whether directed attention to the eyes normalizes N170 latency in ASD. ERPs were recorded in 30 children and adolescents with ASD as well as 26 TD children and adolescents. Results replicated prior findings of shorter N170 latency to the eye region of the face in TD individuals. In contrast, those with ASD did not demonstrate modulation of N170 latency by point of regard to the face. Group differences in latency were most pronounced when attention was directed to the eyes. Results suggest that well-replicated findings of N170 delays in ASD do not simply reflect atypical patterns of visual engagement with experimental stimuli. These findings add to a body of evidence indicating that N170 delays are a promising marker of atypical neural response to social information in ASD. LAY SUMMARY: This study looks at how children's and adolescents' brains respond when looking at different parts of a face. Typically developing children and adolescents processed eyes faster than other parts of the face, whereas this pattern was not seen in ASD. Children and adolescents with ASD processed eyes more slowly than typically developing children. These findings suggest that observed inefficiencies in face processing in ASD are not simply reflective of failure to attend to the eyes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2505 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449
in Autism Research > 14-7 (July 2021) . - p.1347-1356[article] The N170 event-related potential reflects delayed neural response to faces when visual attention is directed to the eyes in youths with ASD [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / T. C. PARKER, Auteur ; M. J. CROWLEY, Auteur ; A. J. NAPLES, Auteur ; M. J. ROLISON, Auteur ; J. WU, Auteur ; J. A. TRAPANI, Auteur ; J. C. MCPARTLAND, Auteur . - p.1347-1356.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 14-7 (July 2021) . - p.1347-1356
Mots-clés : Adolescent Autism Spectrum Disorder Brain Child Evoked Potentials Facial Recognition Humans Eeg N170 autism event-related potential face perception social neuroscience Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Atypical neural response to faces is thought to contribute to social deficits in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Compared to typically developing (TD) controls, individuals with ASD exhibit delayed brain responses to upright faces at a face-sensitive event-related potential (ERP), the N170. Given observed differences in patterns of visual attention to faces, it is not known whether slowed neural processing may simply reflect atypical looking to faces. The present study manipulated visual attention to facial features to examine whether directed attention to the eyes normalizes N170 latency in ASD. ERPs were recorded in 30 children and adolescents with ASD as well as 26 TD children and adolescents. Results replicated prior findings of shorter N170 latency to the eye region of the face in TD individuals. In contrast, those with ASD did not demonstrate modulation of N170 latency by point of regard to the face. Group differences in latency were most pronounced when attention was directed to the eyes. Results suggest that well-replicated findings of N170 delays in ASD do not simply reflect atypical patterns of visual engagement with experimental stimuli. These findings add to a body of evidence indicating that N170 delays are a promising marker of atypical neural response to social information in ASD. LAY SUMMARY: This study looks at how children's and adolescents' brains respond when looking at different parts of a face. Typically developing children and adolescents processed eyes faster than other parts of the face, whereas this pattern was not seen in ASD. Children and adolescents with ASD processed eyes more slowly than typically developing children. These findings suggest that observed inefficiencies in face processing in ASD are not simply reflective of failure to attend to the eyes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2505 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449 Event-related potential (ERP) correlates of face processing in verbal children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and their first-degree relatives: a family study / O. V. SYSOEVA in Molecular Autism, 9 (2018)
[article]
Titre : Event-related potential (ERP) correlates of face processing in verbal children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and their first-degree relatives: a family study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : O. V. SYSOEVA, Auteur ; John N. CONSTANTINO, Auteur ; Andrey P. ANOKHIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : 41p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent Adult Autism Spectrum Disorder/physiopathology Child Electroencephalography Evoked Potentials Face Fathers Humans Male Middle Aged Pattern Recognition, Visual Siblings Young Adult Autistic disorder erp Electrophysiology Endophenotype N170 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Inherited abnormalities of perception, recognition, and attention to faces have been implicated in the etiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) including abnormal components of event-related brain potentials (ERP) elicited by faces. Methods: We examined familial aggregation of face processing ERP abnormalities previously implicated in ASD in 49 verbal individuals with ASD, 36 unaffected siblings (US), 18 unaffected fathers (UF), and 53 unrelated controls (UC). The ASD, US, and UC groups ranged in age from 12 to 21 years, the UF group ranged in age from 30 to 56 years. ERP responses to images of upright and inverted faces and houses were analyzed under disparate EEG reference schemes. Results: Face-sensitive features of N170 and P1 were readily observed in all groups. Differences between ASD and control groups depended upon the EEG reference scheme. Notably, the superiority of face over object for N170 latency was attenuated in ASD subjects, but not their relatives; this occurred exclusively with the average reference. The difference in N170 amplitude between inverted and upright faces was reduced in both ASD and US groups relative to UC, but this effect was significant only with the vertex reference. Furthermore, similar group differences were observed for both inverted faces and inverted houses, suggesting a lack of face specificity for the attenuation of the N170 inversion effect in ASD. Conclusion: The present findings refine understanding of face processing ERPs in ASD. These data provide only modest evidence for highly-selective ASD-sensitive ERP features, and underscore the sensitivity of these biomarkers to ERP reference scheme. These schemes have varied across published studies and must be accounted for in future studies of the relationship between these commonly acquired ERP characteristics, genotype, and ASD. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-018-0220-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=371
in Molecular Autism > 9 (2018) . - 41p.[article] Event-related potential (ERP) correlates of face processing in verbal children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and their first-degree relatives: a family study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / O. V. SYSOEVA, Auteur ; John N. CONSTANTINO, Auteur ; Andrey P. ANOKHIN, Auteur . - 41p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > 9 (2018) . - 41p.
Mots-clés : Adolescent Adult Autism Spectrum Disorder/physiopathology Child Electroencephalography Evoked Potentials Face Fathers Humans Male Middle Aged Pattern Recognition, Visual Siblings Young Adult Autistic disorder erp Electrophysiology Endophenotype N170 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Inherited abnormalities of perception, recognition, and attention to faces have been implicated in the etiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) including abnormal components of event-related brain potentials (ERP) elicited by faces. Methods: We examined familial aggregation of face processing ERP abnormalities previously implicated in ASD in 49 verbal individuals with ASD, 36 unaffected siblings (US), 18 unaffected fathers (UF), and 53 unrelated controls (UC). The ASD, US, and UC groups ranged in age from 12 to 21 years, the UF group ranged in age from 30 to 56 years. ERP responses to images of upright and inverted faces and houses were analyzed under disparate EEG reference schemes. Results: Face-sensitive features of N170 and P1 were readily observed in all groups. Differences between ASD and control groups depended upon the EEG reference scheme. Notably, the superiority of face over object for N170 latency was attenuated in ASD subjects, but not their relatives; this occurred exclusively with the average reference. The difference in N170 amplitude between inverted and upright faces was reduced in both ASD and US groups relative to UC, but this effect was significant only with the vertex reference. Furthermore, similar group differences were observed for both inverted faces and inverted houses, suggesting a lack of face specificity for the attenuation of the N170 inversion effect in ASD. Conclusion: The present findings refine understanding of face processing ERPs in ASD. These data provide only modest evidence for highly-selective ASD-sensitive ERP features, and underscore the sensitivity of these biomarkers to ERP reference scheme. These schemes have varied across published studies and must be accounted for in future studies of the relationship between these commonly acquired ERP characteristics, genotype, and ASD. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-018-0220-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=371 Neurophysiological correlates of holistic face processing in adolescents with and without autism spectrum disorder / S. NAUMANN in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 10-1 (December 2018)
[article]
Titre : Neurophysiological correlates of holistic face processing in adolescents with and without autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : S. NAUMANN, Auteur ; U. SENFTLEBEN, Auteur ; M. SANTHOSH, Auteur ; J. MCPARTLAND, Auteur ; S. J. WEBB, Auteur Année de publication : 2018 Article en page(s) : 27 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Asd Gamma-band activity Holistic face processing N170 P1 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Face processing has been found to be impaired in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). One hypothesis is that individuals with ASD engage in piecemeal compared to holistic face processing strategies. To investigate the role of possible impairments in holistic face processing in individuals with autism, the current study investigated behavioral and electroencephalography (EEG) correlates of face processing (P1/N170 and gamma-band activity) in adolescents with ASD and sex-, age-, and IQ-matched neurotypical controls. METHODS: Participants were presented with upright and inverted Mooney stimuli; black and white low information faces that are only perceived as faces when processed holistically. Participants indicated behaviorally the detection of a face. EEG was collected time-locked to the presentation of the stimuli. RESULTS: Adolescents with ASD perceived Mooney stimuli as faces suggesting ability to use holistic processing but displayed a lower face detection rate and slower response times. ERP components suggest slowed temporal processing of Mooney stimuli in the ASD compared to control group for P1 latency but no differences between groups for P1 amplitude and at the N170. Increases in gamma-band activity was similar during the perception of the Mooney images by group, but the ASD group showed prolonged temporal elevation in activity. CONCLUSION: Overall, our results suggest that adolescents with ASD were able to utilize holistic processing to perceive a face within the Mooney stimuli. Delays in early processing, marked by the P1, and elongated elevation in gamma activity indicate that the neural systems supporting holistic processing are slightly altered suggesting a less automatic and less efficient facial processing system. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Non-applicable. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-018-9244-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=386
in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 10-1 (December 2018) . - 27 p.[article] Neurophysiological correlates of holistic face processing in adolescents with and without autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / S. NAUMANN, Auteur ; U. SENFTLEBEN, Auteur ; M. SANTHOSH, Auteur ; J. MCPARTLAND, Auteur ; S. J. WEBB, Auteur . - 2018 . - 27 p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 10-1 (December 2018) . - 27 p.
Mots-clés : Asd Gamma-band activity Holistic face processing N170 P1 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Face processing has been found to be impaired in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). One hypothesis is that individuals with ASD engage in piecemeal compared to holistic face processing strategies. To investigate the role of possible impairments in holistic face processing in individuals with autism, the current study investigated behavioral and electroencephalography (EEG) correlates of face processing (P1/N170 and gamma-band activity) in adolescents with ASD and sex-, age-, and IQ-matched neurotypical controls. METHODS: Participants were presented with upright and inverted Mooney stimuli; black and white low information faces that are only perceived as faces when processed holistically. Participants indicated behaviorally the detection of a face. EEG was collected time-locked to the presentation of the stimuli. RESULTS: Adolescents with ASD perceived Mooney stimuli as faces suggesting ability to use holistic processing but displayed a lower face detection rate and slower response times. ERP components suggest slowed temporal processing of Mooney stimuli in the ASD compared to control group for P1 latency but no differences between groups for P1 amplitude and at the N170. Increases in gamma-band activity was similar during the perception of the Mooney images by group, but the ASD group showed prolonged temporal elevation in activity. CONCLUSION: Overall, our results suggest that adolescents with ASD were able to utilize holistic processing to perceive a face within the Mooney stimuli. Delays in early processing, marked by the P1, and elongated elevation in gamma activity indicate that the neural systems supporting holistic processing are slightly altered suggesting a less automatic and less efficient facial processing system. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Non-applicable. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-018-9244-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=386 Predictability modulates neural response to eye contact in ASD / Adam J. NAPLES in Molecular Autism, 13 (2022)
[article]
Titre : Predictability modulates neural response to eye contact in ASD Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Adam J. NAPLES, Auteur ; Jennifer H. FOSS-FEIG, Auteur ; Julie M. WOLF, Auteur ; Vinod H. SRIHARI, Auteur ; James C. MCPARTLAND, Auteur Article en page(s) : 42 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult Humans Female Autism Spectrum Disorder Autistic Disorder Interpersonal Relations Nonverbal Communication Autism Erp Eye tracking N170 P300 Social neuroscience Health, and BlackThorn Therapeutics, has received research funding from Janssen Research and Development, serves on the Scientific Advisory Boards of Pastorus and Modern Clinics, and receives royalties from Guilford Press, Lambert, and Springer. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Deficits in establishing and maintaining eye-contact are early and persistent vulnerabilities of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and the neural bases of these deficits remain elusive. A promising hypothesis is that social features of autism may reflect difficulties in making predictions about the social world under conditions of uncertainty. However, no research in ASD has examined how predictability impacts the neural processing of eye-contact in naturalistic interpersonal interactions. METHOD: We used eye tracking to facilitate an interactive social simulation wherein onscreen faces would establish eye-contact when the participant looked at them. In Experiment One, receipt of eye-contact was unpredictable; in Experiment Two, receipt of eye-contact was predictable. Neural response to eye-contact was measured via the N170 and P300 event-related potentials (ERPs). Experiment One included 23 ASD and 46 typically developing (TD) adult participants. Experiment Two included 25 ASD and 43 TD adult participants. RESULTS: When receipt of eye-contact was unpredictable, individuals with ASD showed increased N170 and increased, but non-specific, P300 responses. The magnitude of the N170 responses correlated with measures of sensory and anxiety symptomology, such that increased response to eye-contact was associated with increased symptomology. However, when receipt of eye-contact was predictable, individuals with ASD, relative to controls, exhibited slower N170s and no differences in the amplitude of N170 or P300. LIMITATIONS: Our ASD sample was composed of adults with IQ> 70 and included only four autistic women. Thus, further research is needed to evaluate how these results generalize across the spectrum of age, sex, and cognitive ability. Additionally, as analyses were exploratory, some findings failed to survive false-discovery rate adjustment. CONCLUSIONS: Neural response to eye-contact in ASD ranged from attenuated to hypersensitive depending on the predictability of the social context. These findings suggest that the vulnerabilities in eye-contact during social interactions in ASD may arise from differences in anticipation and expectation of eye-contact in addition to the perception of gaze alone. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-022-00519-0 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=491
in Molecular Autism > 13 (2022) . - 42 p.[article] Predictability modulates neural response to eye contact in ASD [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Adam J. NAPLES, Auteur ; Jennifer H. FOSS-FEIG, Auteur ; Julie M. WOLF, Auteur ; Vinod H. SRIHARI, Auteur ; James C. MCPARTLAND, Auteur . - 42 p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > 13 (2022) . - 42 p.
Mots-clés : Adult Humans Female Autism Spectrum Disorder Autistic Disorder Interpersonal Relations Nonverbal Communication Autism Erp Eye tracking N170 P300 Social neuroscience Health, and BlackThorn Therapeutics, has received research funding from Janssen Research and Development, serves on the Scientific Advisory Boards of Pastorus and Modern Clinics, and receives royalties from Guilford Press, Lambert, and Springer. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Deficits in establishing and maintaining eye-contact are early and persistent vulnerabilities of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and the neural bases of these deficits remain elusive. A promising hypothesis is that social features of autism may reflect difficulties in making predictions about the social world under conditions of uncertainty. However, no research in ASD has examined how predictability impacts the neural processing of eye-contact in naturalistic interpersonal interactions. METHOD: We used eye tracking to facilitate an interactive social simulation wherein onscreen faces would establish eye-contact when the participant looked at them. In Experiment One, receipt of eye-contact was unpredictable; in Experiment Two, receipt of eye-contact was predictable. Neural response to eye-contact was measured via the N170 and P300 event-related potentials (ERPs). Experiment One included 23 ASD and 46 typically developing (TD) adult participants. Experiment Two included 25 ASD and 43 TD adult participants. RESULTS: When receipt of eye-contact was unpredictable, individuals with ASD showed increased N170 and increased, but non-specific, P300 responses. The magnitude of the N170 responses correlated with measures of sensory and anxiety symptomology, such that increased response to eye-contact was associated with increased symptomology. However, when receipt of eye-contact was predictable, individuals with ASD, relative to controls, exhibited slower N170s and no differences in the amplitude of N170 or P300. LIMITATIONS: Our ASD sample was composed of adults with IQ> 70 and included only four autistic women. Thus, further research is needed to evaluate how these results generalize across the spectrum of age, sex, and cognitive ability. Additionally, as analyses were exploratory, some findings failed to survive false-discovery rate adjustment. CONCLUSIONS: Neural response to eye-contact in ASD ranged from attenuated to hypersensitive depending on the predictability of the social context. These findings suggest that the vulnerabilities in eye-contact during social interactions in ASD may arise from differences in anticipation and expectation of eye-contact in addition to the perception of gaze alone. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-022-00519-0 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=491 Sex Differences in Social Perception in Children with ASD / M. C. COFFMAN in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45-2 (February 2015)
PermalinkThe Effects of Face Expertise Training on the Behavioral Performance and Brain Activity of Adults with High Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders / Susan FAJA in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42-2 (February 2012)
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