Dépouillements

Editorial: From correlations to causation: the value of preventive interventions in studying pathogenic mechanisms in childhood psychiatric disorders / Bradley S. PETERSON in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54-8 (August 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-8 (August 2013) . - p.813-815 Titre : Editorial: From correlations to causation: the value of preventive interventions in studying pathogenic mechanisms in childhood psychiatric disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Bradley S. PETERSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.813-815 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The ultimate goal of all research in childhood psychiatric disorders is to provide knowledge that will be useful in treating or preventing illness. To be useful in treating or preventing illness, research studies must provide valid information about the causes of illness, because only by targeting those causes can we prevent or counter their effects in a truly rational way. Until now, the discovery of interventions has largely been by serendipity, yielding medications and behavioral interventions that produce too little therapeutic response, in too few people, and with too many side effects. The selection of which specific intervention to use for which child is based on trial-and-error guesswork and the personal preferences and idiosyncrasies of the treating clinician, with little or no empirical support, and at great cost to children, families, and health care systems. Guesswork in treatment will decline only when we have more detailed knowledge of the differing causal pathways that produce differing subtypes of the same disease phenotype. Identifying more homogeneous subtypes of disease that have more uniform natural histories and treatment responses will permit development of more genuinely rational and individualized interventions, or more truly personalized medicine (Insel, 2009). Identifying causal pathways in human disease, however, is especially challenging because the classic method of experimental investigation – isolating and manipulating at will a variable that is hypothesized to exert a causal influence on the illness in order to understand its effects on other variables – is not possible when studying the causes of human illness, for obvious ethical reasons. We are therefore left with a variety of methods for identifying probable causal pathways in human illness, all of which have varying strengths and limitations in the weight of evidence that they provide that a variable has a true causal influence on the disorder. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12122 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=210 [article] Editorial: From correlations to causation: the value of preventive interventions in studying pathogenic mechanisms in childhood psychiatric disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Bradley S. PETERSON, Auteur . - p.813-815. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-8 (August 2013) . - p.813-815 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The ultimate goal of all research in childhood psychiatric disorders is to provide knowledge that will be useful in treating or preventing illness. To be useful in treating or preventing illness, research studies must provide valid information about the causes of illness, because only by targeting those causes can we prevent or counter their effects in a truly rational way. Until now, the discovery of interventions has largely been by serendipity, yielding medications and behavioral interventions that produce too little therapeutic response, in too few people, and with too many side effects. The selection of which specific intervention to use for which child is based on trial-and-error guesswork and the personal preferences and idiosyncrasies of the treating clinician, with little or no empirical support, and at great cost to children, families, and health care systems. Guesswork in treatment will decline only when we have more detailed knowledge of the differing causal pathways that produce differing subtypes of the same disease phenotype. Identifying more homogeneous subtypes of disease that have more uniform natural histories and treatment responses will permit development of more genuinely rational and individualized interventions, or more truly personalized medicine (Insel, 2009). Identifying causal pathways in human disease, however, is especially challenging because the classic method of experimental investigation – isolating and manipulating at will a variable that is hypothesized to exert a causal influence on the illness in order to understand its effects on other variables – is not possible when studying the causes of human illness, for obvious ethical reasons. We are therefore left with a variety of methods for identifying probable causal pathways in human illness, all of which have varying strengths and limitations in the weight of evidence that they provide that a variable has a true causal influence on the disorder. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12122 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=210

Research Review: The role of cytokines in depression in adolescents: a systematic review / Natalie T. MILLS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54-8 (August 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-8 (August 2013) . - p.816-835 Titre : Research Review: The role of cytokines in depression in adolescents: a systematic review Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Natalie T. MILLS, Auteur ; James G. SCOTT, Auteur ; Naomi R. WRAY, Auteur ; Sarah COHEN-WOODS, Auteur ; BERNHARD T. BAUNE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.816-835 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Cytokines  inflammation  immune system  MDD  cognition  stress Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background While cytokines have been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression in adults, the potential role in younger age groups such as adolescents is less clear. This article therefore reviews the literature (a) to explore the relationship between cytokines and depression in adolescents, and (b) to examine how cytokines may be related to adolescent depression in the context of other neurobiological theories of depression. Method A systematic review of the scientific literature on the subject was conducted in February 2013, searching the Web of Knowledge, PubMed (Medline), PsycInfo and Cochrane electronic databases. Results Eighteen studies were identified measuring both depression or depressive symptoms and cytokines or immune markers in adolescents. Adolescents with depression show age-specific characteristics of the immune and inflammatory system, specifically in NK cell activity and in pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as IL-1? and TNF-?). In addition, the role of cytokines in adolescent depression is influenced by neurodevelopment, hormonal changes, stress and trauma. Conclusions There may be differences in the neurobiology of adolescent major depressive disorder (MDD) compared with adult MDD. Increased understanding of the role of cytokines in adolescent MDD may lead to improved outcomes in the treatment of adolescent depression. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12080 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=210 [article] Research Review: The role of cytokines in depression in adolescents: a systematic review [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Natalie T. MILLS, Auteur ; James G. SCOTT, Auteur ; Naomi R. WRAY, Auteur ; Sarah COHEN-WOODS, Auteur ; BERNHARD T. BAUNE, Auteur . - p.816-835. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-8 (August 2013) . - p.816-835 Mots-clés : Cytokines  inflammation  immune system  MDD  cognition  stress Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background While cytokines have been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression in adults, the potential role in younger age groups such as adolescents is less clear. This article therefore reviews the literature (a) to explore the relationship between cytokines and depression in adolescents, and (b) to examine how cytokines may be related to adolescent depression in the context of other neurobiological theories of depression. Method A systematic review of the scientific literature on the subject was conducted in February 2013, searching the Web of Knowledge, PubMed (Medline), PsycInfo and Cochrane electronic databases. Results Eighteen studies were identified measuring both depression or depressive symptoms and cytokines or immune markers in adolescents. Adolescents with depression show age-specific characteristics of the immune and inflammatory system, specifically in NK cell activity and in pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as IL-1? and TNF-?). In addition, the role of cytokines in adolescent depression is influenced by neurodevelopment, hormonal changes, stress and trauma. Conclusions There may be differences in the neurobiology of adolescent major depressive disorder (MDD) compared with adult MDD. Increased understanding of the role of cytokines in adolescent MDD may lead to improved outcomes in the treatment of adolescent depression. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12080 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=210

Motivational incentives and methylphenidate enhance electrophysiological correlates of error monitoring in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder / Madeleine J. GROOM in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54-8 (August 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-8 (August 2013) . - p.836-845 Titre : Motivational incentives and methylphenidate enhance electrophysiological correlates of error monitoring in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Madeleine J. GROOM, Auteur ; Elizabeth B. LIDDLE, Auteur ; Gaia SCERIF, Auteur ; Peter F. LIDDLE, Auteur ; Martin J. BATTY, Auteur ; Mario LIOTTI, Auteur ; Chris HOLLIS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.836-845 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ADHD  electrophysiology  error monitoring  motivation  methylphenidate  stimulant medication Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are characterised by developmentally inappropriate levels of hyperactivity, impulsivity and/or inattention and are particularly impaired when performing tasks that require a high level of cognitive control. Methylphenidate (MPH) and motivational incentives may help improve cognitive control by enhancing the ability to monitor response accuracy and regulate performance accordingly. Methods Twenty-eight children with DSM-IV ADHD (combined type) aged 9–15 years and pairwise-matched typically developing children (CTRL) performed a go/no-go task in which the incentives attached to performance on no-go trials were manipulated. The ADHD group performed the task off and on their usual dose of MPH. CTRL children performed the task twice but were never medicated. EEG data were recorded simultaneously and two electrophysiological indices of error monitoring, the error-related negativity (ERN) and error positivity (Pe) were measured. Amplitudes of each ERP were compared between diagnostic groups (CTRL, ADHD), medication days (Off MPH, On MPH) and motivational conditions (baseline – low incentive, reward, response cost). Results Error rates were lower in the reward and response cost conditions compared with baseline across diagnostic groups and medication days. ERN and Pe amplitudes were significantly reduced in ADHD compared with CTRL, and were significantly enhanced by MPH. Incentives significantly increased ERN and Pe amplitudes in the ADHD group but had no effect in CTRL. The effects of incentives did not interact with the effects of MPH on either ERP. Effect sizes were computed and revealed larger effects of MPH than incentives on ERN and Pe amplitudes. Conclusions The findings reveal independent effects of motivational incentives and MPH on two electrophysiological markers of error monitoring in children with ADHD, suggesting that each may be important tools for enhancing or restoring cognitive control in these children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12069 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=210 [article] Motivational incentives and methylphenidate enhance electrophysiological correlates of error monitoring in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Madeleine J. GROOM, Auteur ; Elizabeth B. LIDDLE, Auteur ; Gaia SCERIF, Auteur ; Peter F. LIDDLE, Auteur ; Martin J. BATTY, Auteur ; Mario LIOTTI, Auteur ; Chris HOLLIS, Auteur . - p.836-845. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-8 (August 2013) . - p.836-845 Mots-clés : ADHD  electrophysiology  error monitoring  motivation  methylphenidate  stimulant medication Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are characterised by developmentally inappropriate levels of hyperactivity, impulsivity and/or inattention and are particularly impaired when performing tasks that require a high level of cognitive control. Methylphenidate (MPH) and motivational incentives may help improve cognitive control by enhancing the ability to monitor response accuracy and regulate performance accordingly. Methods Twenty-eight children with DSM-IV ADHD (combined type) aged 9–15 years and pairwise-matched typically developing children (CTRL) performed a go/no-go task in which the incentives attached to performance on no-go trials were manipulated. The ADHD group performed the task off and on their usual dose of MPH. CTRL children performed the task twice but were never medicated. EEG data were recorded simultaneously and two electrophysiological indices of error monitoring, the error-related negativity (ERN) and error positivity (Pe) were measured. Amplitudes of each ERP were compared between diagnostic groups (CTRL, ADHD), medication days (Off MPH, On MPH) and motivational conditions (baseline – low incentive, reward, response cost). Results Error rates were lower in the reward and response cost conditions compared with baseline across diagnostic groups and medication days. ERN and Pe amplitudes were significantly reduced in ADHD compared with CTRL, and were significantly enhanced by MPH. Incentives significantly increased ERN and Pe amplitudes in the ADHD group but had no effect in CTRL. The effects of incentives did not interact with the effects of MPH on either ERP. Effect sizes were computed and revealed larger effects of MPH than incentives on ERN and Pe amplitudes. Conclusions The findings reveal independent effects of motivational incentives and MPH on two electrophysiological markers of error monitoring in children with ADHD, suggesting that each may be important tools for enhancing or restoring cognitive control in these children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12069 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=210

Early sensory over-responsivity in toddlers with autism spectrum disorders as a predictor of family impairment and parenting stress / Ayelet BEN-SASSON in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54-8 (August 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-8 (August 2013) . - p.846-853 Titre : Early sensory over-responsivity in toddlers with autism spectrum disorders as a predictor of family impairment and parenting stress Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ayelet BEN-SASSON, Auteur ; T. W. SOTO, Auteur ; F. MARTÍNEZ-PEDRAZA, Auteur ; Alice S. CARTER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.846-853 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ASD  toddlers  sensory over-responsivity  family impairment  parenting stress Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Sensory over-responsivity (SOR) affects many individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), often leading to stressful encounters during daily routines. Methods: This study describes the associations between early SOR symptoms and the longitudinal course of restrictions in family life activities and parenting stress across three time-points in families raising a child with ASD (n = 174). Covariates were child diagnostic severity, emotional problems, and maternal affective symptoms. At time 1 mean chronological age was 28.5 months. Children were administered the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) and Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL). Parents completed the Infant Toddler Sensory Profile (ITSP), Infant-Toddler Social Emotional Assessment (ITSEA), Beck Anxiety Index (BAI), and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Inventory (CES-D) at time 1; and the Parenting Stress Index (PSI) and Family Life Impairment Scale (FLIS) at the three annual time-points. Results: Latent Growth Curve Models indicated that higher SOR scores on the ITSP at time 1 were associated with higher initial levels of family life impairment and parenting stress and with a smaller magnitude of change over time. These associations were independent of severity of ADOS social-communication symptoms, MSEL composite score, ITSEA externalizing and anxiety symptoms, and maternal affective symptoms as measured by the BAI and CES-D. On average FLIS and PSI did not change over time, however, there was significant individual variability. Concurrently, SOR at time 1 explained 39–45% of the variance in family stress and impairment variables. Conclusions: An evaluation of SOR should be integrated into the assessment of toddlers with ASD considering their role in family life impairment and stress. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12035 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=210 [article] Early sensory over-responsivity in toddlers with autism spectrum disorders as a predictor of family impairment and parenting stress [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ayelet BEN-SASSON, Auteur ; T. W. SOTO, Auteur ; F. MARTÍNEZ-PEDRAZA, Auteur ; Alice S. CARTER, Auteur . - p.846-853. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-8 (August 2013) . - p.846-853 Mots-clés : ASD  toddlers  sensory over-responsivity  family impairment  parenting stress Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Sensory over-responsivity (SOR) affects many individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), often leading to stressful encounters during daily routines. Methods: This study describes the associations between early SOR symptoms and the longitudinal course of restrictions in family life activities and parenting stress across three time-points in families raising a child with ASD (n = 174). Covariates were child diagnostic severity, emotional problems, and maternal affective symptoms. At time 1 mean chronological age was 28.5 months. Children were administered the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) and Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL). Parents completed the Infant Toddler Sensory Profile (ITSP), Infant-Toddler Social Emotional Assessment (ITSEA), Beck Anxiety Index (BAI), and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Inventory (CES-D) at time 1; and the Parenting Stress Index (PSI) and Family Life Impairment Scale (FLIS) at the three annual time-points. Results: Latent Growth Curve Models indicated that higher SOR scores on the ITSP at time 1 were associated with higher initial levels of family life impairment and parenting stress and with a smaller magnitude of change over time. These associations were independent of severity of ADOS social-communication symptoms, MSEL composite score, ITSEA externalizing and anxiety symptoms, and maternal affective symptoms as measured by the BAI and CES-D. On average FLIS and PSI did not change over time, however, there was significant individual variability. Concurrently, SOR at time 1 explained 39–45% of the variance in family stress and impairment variables. Conclusions: An evaluation of SOR should be integrated into the assessment of toddlers with ASD considering their role in family life impairment and stress. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12035 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=210

Error-related brain activity in young children: associations with parental anxiety and child temperamental negative emotionality / Dana C. TORPEY in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54-8 (August 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-8 (August 2013) . - p.854-862 Titre : Error-related brain activity in young children: associations with parental anxiety and child temperamental negative emotionality Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Dana C. TORPEY, Auteur ; Greg HAJCAK, Auteur ; Jiyon KIM, Auteur ; Autumn KUJAWA, Auteur ; Margaret DYSON, Auteur ; Thomas M. OLINO, Auteur ; Daniel N. KLEIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.854-862 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Anxiety  high risk studies  psychophysiology  temperament Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: There is increasing interest in error-related brain activity in anxiety disorders. The error-related negativity (ERN) is a negative deflection in the event-related potential approximately 50 ms after errors compared to correct responses. Recent studies suggest that the ERN may be a biomarker for anxiety, as it is positively associated with anxiety disorders and traits in adults and older youth. However, it is not known if the ERN in young children is related to risk for anxiety disorders. We addressed this by examining the association of six-year olds' ERNs with two established risk factors for anxiety: parental anxiety disorder and child temperamental negative emotionality (NE). Method: The ERN was assessed using a Go/No-Go task in a community sample of 413 six-year olds. In a prior assessment at age 3, child temperament was evaluated using a laboratory observational measure and parental psychopathology was assessed using semi-structured diagnostic interviews. Results: Children of mothers with anxiety disorders and children with greater temperamental NE (particularly fearfulness) exhibited significantly smaller ERNs than their peers. Paternal psychopathology, maternal mood and substance use disorders, and child positive emotionality were not associated with children's ERNs. Conclusion: Both maternal anxiety disorders and child NE (particularly fearfulness) were significantly associated with children's ERNs. However, the direction of these associations was opposite to the relations between ERNs and anxiety in older youth and adults. These results suggest that there may be a difference between risk and disorder status in the relation of error-related brain activity to anxiety between early childhood and late childhood/ early adolescence. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12041 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=210 [article] Error-related brain activity in young children: associations with parental anxiety and child temperamental negative emotionality [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Dana C. TORPEY, Auteur ; Greg HAJCAK, Auteur ; Jiyon KIM, Auteur ; Autumn KUJAWA, Auteur ; Margaret DYSON, Auteur ; Thomas M. OLINO, Auteur ; Daniel N. KLEIN, Auteur . - p.854-862. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-8 (August 2013) . - p.854-862 Mots-clés : Anxiety  high risk studies  psychophysiology  temperament Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: There is increasing interest in error-related brain activity in anxiety disorders. The error-related negativity (ERN) is a negative deflection in the event-related potential approximately 50 ms after errors compared to correct responses. Recent studies suggest that the ERN may be a biomarker for anxiety, as it is positively associated with anxiety disorders and traits in adults and older youth. However, it is not known if the ERN in young children is related to risk for anxiety disorders. We addressed this by examining the association of six-year olds' ERNs with two established risk factors for anxiety: parental anxiety disorder and child temperamental negative emotionality (NE). Method: The ERN was assessed using a Go/No-Go task in a community sample of 413 six-year olds. In a prior assessment at age 3, child temperament was evaluated using a laboratory observational measure and parental psychopathology was assessed using semi-structured diagnostic interviews. Results: Children of mothers with anxiety disorders and children with greater temperamental NE (particularly fearfulness) exhibited significantly smaller ERNs than their peers. Paternal psychopathology, maternal mood and substance use disorders, and child positive emotionality were not associated with children's ERNs. Conclusion: Both maternal anxiety disorders and child NE (particularly fearfulness) were significantly associated with children's ERNs. However, the direction of these associations was opposite to the relations between ERNs and anxiety in older youth and adults. These results suggest that there may be a difference between risk and disorder status in the relation of error-related brain activity to anxiety between early childhood and late childhood/ early adolescence. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12041 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=210

Differential susceptibility to prevention: GABAergic, dopaminergic, and multilocus effects / Gene H. BRODY in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54-8 (August 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-8 (August 2013) . - p.863-871 Titre : Differential susceptibility to prevention: GABAergic, dopaminergic, and multilocus effects Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Gene H. BRODY, Auteur ; Yi-Fu CHEN, Auteur ; Steven R. H. BEACH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.863-871 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Alcohol use  African American  genetics  prevention  risk Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Randomized prevention trials provide a unique opportunity to test hypotheses about the interaction of genetic predispositions with contextual processes to create variations in phenotypes over time. Methods: Using two longitudinal, randomized prevention trials, molecular genetic and alcohol use outcome data were gathered from more than 900 youths to determine whether prevention program participation would, across 2 years, moderate genetic risk for increased alcohol use conferred by the dopaminergic and GABAergic systems. Results: We found that (a) variance in dopaminergic (DRD2, DRD4, ANKK1) and GABAergic (GABRG1, GABRA2) genes forecast increases in alcohol use across 2 years, and (b) youths at genetic risk who were assigned to the control condition displayed greater increases in alcohol use across 2 years than did youths at genetic risk who were assigned to the prevention condition or youths without genetic risk who were assigned to either condition. Conclusions: This study is unique in combining data from two large prevention trials to test hypotheses regarding genetic main effects and gene × prevention interactions. Focusing on gene systems purported to confer risk for alcohol use and abuse, the study demonstrated that participation in efficacious prevention programs can moderate genetic risk. The results also support the differential susceptibility hypothesis that some youths, for genetic reasons, are more susceptible than others to both positive and negative contextual influences. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12042 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=210 [article] Differential susceptibility to prevention: GABAergic, dopaminergic, and multilocus effects [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Gene H. BRODY, Auteur ; Yi-Fu CHEN, Auteur ; Steven R. H. BEACH, Auteur . - p.863-871. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-8 (August 2013) . - p.863-871 Mots-clés : Alcohol use  African American  genetics  prevention  risk Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Randomized prevention trials provide a unique opportunity to test hypotheses about the interaction of genetic predispositions with contextual processes to create variations in phenotypes over time. Methods: Using two longitudinal, randomized prevention trials, molecular genetic and alcohol use outcome data were gathered from more than 900 youths to determine whether prevention program participation would, across 2 years, moderate genetic risk for increased alcohol use conferred by the dopaminergic and GABAergic systems. Results: We found that (a) variance in dopaminergic (DRD2, DRD4, ANKK1) and GABAergic (GABRG1, GABRA2) genes forecast increases in alcohol use across 2 years, and (b) youths at genetic risk who were assigned to the control condition displayed greater increases in alcohol use across 2 years than did youths at genetic risk who were assigned to the prevention condition or youths without genetic risk who were assigned to either condition. Conclusions: This study is unique in combining data from two large prevention trials to test hypotheses regarding genetic main effects and gene × prevention interactions. Focusing on gene systems purported to confer risk for alcohol use and abuse, the study demonstrated that participation in efficacious prevention programs can moderate genetic risk. The results also support the differential susceptibility hypothesis that some youths, for genetic reasons, are more susceptible than others to both positive and negative contextual influences. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12042 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=210

A novel differential susceptibility gene: CHRNA4 and moderation of the effect of maltreatment on child personality / Rachael G. GRAZIOPLENE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54-8 (August 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-8 (August 2013) . - p.872-880 Titre : A novel differential susceptibility gene: CHRNA4 and moderation of the effect of maltreatment on child personality Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rachael G. GRAZIOPLENE, Auteur ; Colin G. DEYOUNG, Auteur ; Fred A. ROGOSCH, Auteur ; Dante CICCHETTI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.872-880 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Personality  genetics  CHRNA4  differential susceptibility  neuroticism  openness/intellect Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: The differential susceptibility hypothesis states that some genetic variants that confer risk in adverse environments are beneficial in normal or nurturing environments. The cholinergic system is promising as a source of susceptibility genes because of its involvement in learning and neural plasticity. The cholinergic receptor gene CHRNA4 has been linked to characteristics related to the personality traits Neuroticism and Openness/Intellect. Methods: The effects of interaction between CHRNA4 genotype and maltreatment status on child personality were examined in a well matched sample of 339 maltreated and 275 non-maltreated children (aged 8–13 years). Results: Variation in CHRNA4 interacted with childhood maltreatment to predict personality in a manner indicating differential susceptibility. The interaction of CHRNA4 and maltreatment status predicted Neuroticism and Openness/Intellect. Maltreated children with the rs1044396 T/T genotype scored highest on Neuroticism and showed no effect of genotype on Openness/Intellect. Non-maltreated children with this genotype scored lowest on Neuroticism and highest on Openness/Intellect. Conclusion: Variation in CHRNA4 appears to contribute to personality by affecting degree of developmental sensitivity to both normal and adverse environments. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12031 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=210 [article] A novel differential susceptibility gene: CHRNA4 and moderation of the effect of maltreatment on child personality [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rachael G. GRAZIOPLENE, Auteur ; Colin G. DEYOUNG, Auteur ; Fred A. ROGOSCH, Auteur ; Dante CICCHETTI, Auteur . - p.872-880. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-8 (August 2013) . - p.872-880 Mots-clés : Personality  genetics  CHRNA4  differential susceptibility  neuroticism  openness/intellect Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: The differential susceptibility hypothesis states that some genetic variants that confer risk in adverse environments are beneficial in normal or nurturing environments. The cholinergic system is promising as a source of susceptibility genes because of its involvement in learning and neural plasticity. The cholinergic receptor gene CHRNA4 has been linked to characteristics related to the personality traits Neuroticism and Openness/Intellect. Methods: The effects of interaction between CHRNA4 genotype and maltreatment status on child personality were examined in a well matched sample of 339 maltreated and 275 non-maltreated children (aged 8–13 years). Results: Variation in CHRNA4 interacted with childhood maltreatment to predict personality in a manner indicating differential susceptibility. The interaction of CHRNA4 and maltreatment status predicted Neuroticism and Openness/Intellect. Maltreated children with the rs1044396 T/T genotype scored highest on Neuroticism and showed no effect of genotype on Openness/Intellect. Non-maltreated children with this genotype scored lowest on Neuroticism and highest on Openness/Intellect. Conclusion: Variation in CHRNA4 appears to contribute to personality by affecting degree of developmental sensitivity to both normal and adverse environments. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12031 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=210

Siblings versus parents and friends: longitudinal linkages to adolescent externalizing problems / Ivy N. DEFOE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54-8 (August 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-8 (August 2013) . - p.881-889 Titre : Siblings versus parents and friends: longitudinal linkages to adolescent externalizing problems Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ivy N. DEFOE, Auteur ; Loes KEIJSERS, Auteur ; Skyler HAWK, Auteur ; Susan J. T. BRANJE, Auteur ; Judith Semon DUBAS, Auteur ; Kirsten BUIST, Auteur ; Tom FRIJNS, Auteur ; Marcel A. G. VAN AKEN, Auteur ; Hans M. KOOT, Auteur ; Pol A. C. VAN LIER, Auteur ; Wim MEEUS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.881-889 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Externalizing problems  siblings  longitudinal  negative interaction  adolescents  friends  parents Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background It is well documented that friends' externalizing problems and negative parent–child interactions predict externalizing problems in adolescence, but relatively little is known about the role of siblings. This four-wave, multi-informant study investigated linkages of siblings' externalizing problems and sibling–adolescent negative interactions on adolescents' externalizing problems, while examining and controlling for similar linkages with friends and parents. Methods Questionnaire data on externalizing problems and negative interactions were annually collected from 497 Dutch adolescents (M = 13.03 years, SD = 0.52, at baseline), as well as their siblings, mothers, fathers, and friends. Results Cross-lagged panel analyses revealed modest unique longitudinal paths from sibling externalizing problems to adolescent externalizing problems, for male and female adolescents, and for same-sex and mixed-sex sibling dyads, but only from older to younger siblings. Moreover, these paths were above and beyond significant paths from mother–adolescent negative interaction and friend externalizing problems to adolescent externalizing problems, 1 year later. No cross-lagged paths existed between sibling–adolescent negative interaction and adolescent externalizing problems. Conclusions Taken together, it appears that especially older sibling externalizing problems may be a unique social risk factor for adolescent externalizing problems, equal in strength to significant parents' and friends' risk factors. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12049 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=210 [article] Siblings versus parents and friends: longitudinal linkages to adolescent externalizing problems [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ivy N. DEFOE, Auteur ; Loes KEIJSERS, Auteur ; Skyler HAWK, Auteur ; Susan J. T. BRANJE, Auteur ; Judith Semon DUBAS, Auteur ; Kirsten BUIST, Auteur ; Tom FRIJNS, Auteur ; Marcel A. G. VAN AKEN, Auteur ; Hans M. KOOT, Auteur ; Pol A. C. VAN LIER, Auteur ; Wim MEEUS, Auteur . - p.881-889. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-8 (August 2013) . - p.881-889 Mots-clés : Externalizing problems  siblings  longitudinal  negative interaction  adolescents  friends  parents Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background It is well documented that friends' externalizing problems and negative parent–child interactions predict externalizing problems in adolescence, but relatively little is known about the role of siblings. This four-wave, multi-informant study investigated linkages of siblings' externalizing problems and sibling–adolescent negative interactions on adolescents' externalizing problems, while examining and controlling for similar linkages with friends and parents. Methods Questionnaire data on externalizing problems and negative interactions were annually collected from 497 Dutch adolescents (M = 13.03 years, SD = 0.52, at baseline), as well as their siblings, mothers, fathers, and friends. Results Cross-lagged panel analyses revealed modest unique longitudinal paths from sibling externalizing problems to adolescent externalizing problems, for male and female adolescents, and for same-sex and mixed-sex sibling dyads, but only from older to younger siblings. Moreover, these paths were above and beyond significant paths from mother–adolescent negative interaction and friend externalizing problems to adolescent externalizing problems, 1 year later. No cross-lagged paths existed between sibling–adolescent negative interaction and adolescent externalizing problems. Conclusions Taken together, it appears that especially older sibling externalizing problems may be a unique social risk factor for adolescent externalizing problems, equal in strength to significant parents' and friends' risk factors. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12049 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=210

Bisphenol A in relation to behavior and learning of school-age children / Soon-Beom HONG in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54-8 (August 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-8 (August 2013) . - p.890-899 Titre : Bisphenol A in relation to behavior and learning of school-age children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Soon-Beom HONG, Auteur ; Yun-Chul HONG, Auteur ; Jae-Won KIM, Auteur ; Eun-Jin PARK, Auteur ; Min-Sup SHIN, Auteur ; Boong-Nyun KIM, Auteur ; Hee-Jeong YOO, Auteur ; In Hee CHO, Auteur ; Soo-Young BHANG, Auteur ; Soo-Churl CHO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.890-899 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : bisphenol A  child behavior  child learning  nonmonotonic dose–response Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Bisphenol A (BPA) has been shown to affect brain and behavior in rodents and nonhuman primates, but there are few studies focusing on its relationship to human neurobehavior. We aimed to investigate the relationship between environmental exposure to BPA and childhood neurobehavior. Methods Urinary BPA concentrations and behavioral and learning characteristics were assessed in a general population of 1,089 children, aged 8–11 years. The main outcome measures were the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Learning Disability Evaluation Scale (LDES). Results Urinary levels of BPA were positively associated with the CBCL total problems score and negatively associated with the learning quotient from the LDES. The linear association with the CBCL anxiety/depression score and the quadratic association with the LDES listening score were significant after correction for multiple comparisons. Conclusions Environmental exposure to BPA might be associated with childhood behavioral and learning development. The results suggest possible nonmonotonic relationships. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12050 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=210 [article] Bisphenol A in relation to behavior and learning of school-age children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Soon-Beom HONG, Auteur ; Yun-Chul HONG, Auteur ; Jae-Won KIM, Auteur ; Eun-Jin PARK, Auteur ; Min-Sup SHIN, Auteur ; Boong-Nyun KIM, Auteur ; Hee-Jeong YOO, Auteur ; In Hee CHO, Auteur ; Soo-Young BHANG, Auteur ; Soo-Churl CHO, Auteur . - p.890-899. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-8 (August 2013) . - p.890-899 Mots-clés : bisphenol A  child behavior  child learning  nonmonotonic dose–response Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Bisphenol A (BPA) has been shown to affect brain and behavior in rodents and nonhuman primates, but there are few studies focusing on its relationship to human neurobehavior. We aimed to investigate the relationship between environmental exposure to BPA and childhood neurobehavior. Methods Urinary BPA concentrations and behavioral and learning characteristics were assessed in a general population of 1,089 children, aged 8–11 years. The main outcome measures were the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Learning Disability Evaluation Scale (LDES). Results Urinary levels of BPA were positively associated with the CBCL total problems score and negatively associated with the learning quotient from the LDES. The linear association with the CBCL anxiety/depression score and the quadratic association with the LDES listening score were significant after correction for multiple comparisons. Conclusions Environmental exposure to BPA might be associated with childhood behavioral and learning development. The results suggest possible nonmonotonic relationships. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12050 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=210

Empathic responsiveness in amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex in youths with psychopathic traits / Abigail A. MARSH in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54-8 (August 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-8 (August 2013) . - p.900-910 Titre : Empathic responsiveness in amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex in youths with psychopathic traits Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Abigail A. MARSH, Auteur ; Elizabeth C. FINGER, Auteur ; Katherine A. FOWLER, Auteur ; Christopher J. ADALIO, Auteur ; Ilana T.N. JURKOWITZ, Auteur ; Julia C. SCHECHTER, Auteur ; Daniel S. PINE, Auteur ; Jean DECETY, Auteur ; James R. BLAIR, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.900-910 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Psychopathy  adolescents  empathy  pain  amygdala  conduct disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Psychopathic traits are associated with increases in antisocial behaviors such as aggression and are characterized by reduced empathy for others' distress. This suggests that psychopathic traits may also impair empathic pain sensitivity. However, whether psychopathic traits affect responses to the pain of others versus the self has not been previously assessed. Method We used whole-brain functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure neural activation in 14 adolescents with oppositional defiant disorder or conduct disorder and psychopathic traits, as well as 21 healthy controls matched on age, gender, and intelligence. Activation in structures associated with empathic pain perception was assessed as adolescents viewed photographs of pain-inducing injuries. Adolescents imagined either that the body in each photograph was their own or that it belonged to another person. Behavioral and neuroimaging data were analyzed using random-effects analysis of variance. Results Youths with psychopathic traits showed reduced activity within regions associated with empathic pain as the depicted pain increased. These regions included rostral anterior cingulate cortex, ventral striatum (putamen), and amygdala. Reductions in amygdala activity particularly occurred when the injury was perceived as occurring to another. Empathic pain responses within both amygdala and rostral anterior cingulate cortex were negatively correlated with the severity of psychopathic traits as indexed by PCL:YV scores. Conclusions Youths with psychopathic traits show less responsiveness in regions implicated in the affective response to another's pain as the perceived intensity of this pain increases. Moreover, this reduced responsiveness appears to predict symptom severity. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12063 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=210 [article] Empathic responsiveness in amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex in youths with psychopathic traits [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Abigail A. MARSH, Auteur ; Elizabeth C. FINGER, Auteur ; Katherine A. FOWLER, Auteur ; Christopher J. ADALIO, Auteur ; Ilana T.N. JURKOWITZ, Auteur ; Julia C. SCHECHTER, Auteur ; Daniel S. PINE, Auteur ; Jean DECETY, Auteur ; James R. BLAIR, Auteur . - p.900-910. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-8 (August 2013) . - p.900-910 Mots-clés : Psychopathy  adolescents  empathy  pain  amygdala  conduct disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Psychopathic traits are associated with increases in antisocial behaviors such as aggression and are characterized by reduced empathy for others' distress. This suggests that psychopathic traits may also impair empathic pain sensitivity. However, whether psychopathic traits affect responses to the pain of others versus the self has not been previously assessed. Method We used whole-brain functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure neural activation in 14 adolescents with oppositional defiant disorder or conduct disorder and psychopathic traits, as well as 21 healthy controls matched on age, gender, and intelligence. Activation in structures associated with empathic pain perception was assessed as adolescents viewed photographs of pain-inducing injuries. Adolescents imagined either that the body in each photograph was their own or that it belonged to another person. Behavioral and neuroimaging data were analyzed using random-effects analysis of variance. Results Youths with psychopathic traits showed reduced activity within regions associated with empathic pain as the depicted pain increased. These regions included rostral anterior cingulate cortex, ventral striatum (putamen), and amygdala. Reductions in amygdala activity particularly occurred when the injury was perceived as occurring to another. Empathic pain responses within both amygdala and rostral anterior cingulate cortex were negatively correlated with the severity of psychopathic traits as indexed by PCL:YV scores. Conclusions Youths with psychopathic traits show less responsiveness in regions implicated in the affective response to another's pain as the perceived intensity of this pain increases. Moreover, this reduced responsiveness appears to predict symptom severity. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12063 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=210

Malnutrition in the first year of life and personality at age 40 / Janina R. GALLER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54-8 (August 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-8 (August 2013) . - p.911-919 Titre : Malnutrition in the first year of life and personality at age 40 Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Janina R. GALLER, Auteur ; Cyralene P. BRYCE, Auteur ; Miriam L. ZICHLIN, Auteur ; Deborah P. WABER, Auteur ; Natalie EXNER, Auteur ; Garrett M. FITZMAURICE, Auteur ; Paul T. COSTA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.911-919 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Malnutrition  protein-energy  kwashiorkor  longitudinal study  personality  adulthood Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Early childhood malnutrition is associated with cognitive and behavioral impairment during childhood and adolescence, but studies in adulthood are limited. Methods Using the NEO-PI-R personality inventory, we compared personality profiles at 37–43 years of age (M 40.3 years, SD 1.9) of Barbadian adults who had experienced moderate-to-severe protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) in the first year of life (n = 77) with healthy controls, who were former classmates of the index cases and were matched for age, gender, and handedness in childhood (n = 57). The previously malnourished participants had been rehabilitated, with good health and nutrition documented up to 12 years of age, and study participants were followed longitudinally from childhood to 40 years. Group comparisons were adjusted for childhood and adolescent standard of living, with and without correcting for IQ. Results At the broad domain or factor level, previously malnourished participants had higher scores on Neuroticism and lower scores on Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness than did the healthy controls. At the subdomain or facet level, previously malnourished participants reported more anxiety, vulnerability, shyness and lowered sociability, less intellectual curiosity, greater suspiciousness of others, a more egocentric than altruistic orientation, and a lowered sense of efficacy or competence. Conclusions Malnutrition limited to the first year of life with good health and nutrition documented up to 12 years of age is associated with a significant overrepresentation of adult personality trait scores outside of the average range. This outcome has important implications for a variety of important life and mental health outcomes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12066 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=210 [article] Malnutrition in the first year of life and personality at age 40 [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Janina R. GALLER, Auteur ; Cyralene P. BRYCE, Auteur ; Miriam L. ZICHLIN, Auteur ; Deborah P. WABER, Auteur ; Natalie EXNER, Auteur ; Garrett M. FITZMAURICE, Auteur ; Paul T. COSTA, Auteur . - p.911-919. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-8 (August 2013) . - p.911-919 Mots-clés : Malnutrition  protein-energy  kwashiorkor  longitudinal study  personality  adulthood Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Early childhood malnutrition is associated with cognitive and behavioral impairment during childhood and adolescence, but studies in adulthood are limited. Methods Using the NEO-PI-R personality inventory, we compared personality profiles at 37–43 years of age (M 40.3 years, SD 1.9) of Barbadian adults who had experienced moderate-to-severe protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) in the first year of life (n = 77) with healthy controls, who were former classmates of the index cases and were matched for age, gender, and handedness in childhood (n = 57). The previously malnourished participants had been rehabilitated, with good health and nutrition documented up to 12 years of age, and study participants were followed longitudinally from childhood to 40 years. Group comparisons were adjusted for childhood and adolescent standard of living, with and without correcting for IQ. Results At the broad domain or factor level, previously malnourished participants had higher scores on Neuroticism and lower scores on Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness than did the healthy controls. At the subdomain or facet level, previously malnourished participants reported more anxiety, vulnerability, shyness and lowered sociability, less intellectual curiosity, greater suspiciousness of others, a more egocentric than altruistic orientation, and a lowered sense of efficacy or competence. Conclusions Malnutrition limited to the first year of life with good health and nutrition documented up to 12 years of age is associated with a significant overrepresentation of adult personality trait scores outside of the average range. This outcome has important implications for a variety of important life and mental health outcomes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12066 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=210