Dépouillements

White Matter and Visuospatial Processing in Autism: A Constrained Spherical Deconvolution Tractography Study / Jane MCGRATH in Autism Research, 6-5 (October 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-5 (October 2013) . - p.307-319 Titre : White Matter and Visuospatial Processing in Autism: A Constrained Spherical Deconvolution Tractography Study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jane MCGRATH, Auteur ; Katherine JOHNSON, Auteur ; Erik O'HANLON, Auteur ; Hugh GARAVAN, Auteur ; Louise GALLAGHER, Auteur ; Alexander LEEMANS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.307-319 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : diffusion MRI  constrained spherical deconvolution  tractography  autism  visuospatial processing  inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are associated with a marked disturbance of neural functional connectivity, which may arise from disrupted organization of white matter. The aim of this study was to use constrained spherical deconvolution (CSD)-based tractography to isolate and characterize major intrahemispheric white matter tracts that are important in visuospatial processing. CSD-based tractography avoids a number of critical confounds that are associated with diffusion tensor tractography, and to our knowledge, this is the first time that this advanced diffusion tractography method has been used in autism research. Twenty-five participants with ASD and aged 25, intelligence quotient-matched controls completed a high angular resolution diffusion imaging scan. The inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF) and arcuate fasciculus were isolated using CSD-based tractography. Quantitative diffusion measures of white matter microstructural organization were compared between groups and associated with visuospatial processing performance. Significant alteration of white matter organization was present in the right IFOF in individuals with ASD. In addition, poorer visuospatial processing was associated in individuals with ASD with disrupted white matter in the right IFOF. Using a novel, advanced tractography method to isolate major intrahemispheric white matter tracts in autism, this research has demonstrated that there are significant alterations in the microstructural organization of white matter in the right IFOF in ASD. This alteration was associated with poorer visuospatial processing performance in the ASD group. This study provides an insight into structural brain abnormalities that may influence atypical visuospatial processing in autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1290 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=218 [article] White Matter and Visuospatial Processing in Autism: A Constrained Spherical Deconvolution Tractography Study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jane MCGRATH, Auteur ; Katherine JOHNSON, Auteur ; Erik O'HANLON, Auteur ; Hugh GARAVAN, Auteur ; Louise GALLAGHER, Auteur ; Alexander LEEMANS, Auteur . - p.307-319. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-5 (October 2013) . - p.307-319 Mots-clés : diffusion MRI  constrained spherical deconvolution  tractography  autism  visuospatial processing  inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are associated with a marked disturbance of neural functional connectivity, which may arise from disrupted organization of white matter. The aim of this study was to use constrained spherical deconvolution (CSD)-based tractography to isolate and characterize major intrahemispheric white matter tracts that are important in visuospatial processing. CSD-based tractography avoids a number of critical confounds that are associated with diffusion tensor tractography, and to our knowledge, this is the first time that this advanced diffusion tractography method has been used in autism research. Twenty-five participants with ASD and aged 25, intelligence quotient-matched controls completed a high angular resolution diffusion imaging scan. The inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF) and arcuate fasciculus were isolated using CSD-based tractography. Quantitative diffusion measures of white matter microstructural organization were compared between groups and associated with visuospatial processing performance. Significant alteration of white matter organization was present in the right IFOF in individuals with ASD. In addition, poorer visuospatial processing was associated in individuals with ASD with disrupted white matter in the right IFOF. Using a novel, advanced tractography method to isolate major intrahemispheric white matter tracts in autism, this research has demonstrated that there are significant alterations in the microstructural organization of white matter in the right IFOF in ASD. This alteration was associated with poorer visuospatial processing performance in the ASD group. This study provides an insight into structural brain abnormalities that may influence atypical visuospatial processing in autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1290 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=218

Fear-Potentiated Startle Response Is Unrelated to Social or Emotional Functioning in Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorders / Lindsey STERLING in Autism Research, 6-5 (October 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-5 (October 2013) . - p.320-331 Titre : Fear-Potentiated Startle Response Is Unrelated to Social or Emotional Functioning in Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lindsey STERLING, Auteur ; Jeffrey MUNSON, Auteur ; Annette ESTES, Auteur ; Michael MURIAS, Auteur ; Sara Jane WEBB, Auteur ; Bryan KING, Auteur ; Geraldine DAWSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.320-331 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  anxiety  startle response  amygdala Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : It has been suggested that atypical amygdala function contributes to the social impairments characteristic of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Previous research has demonstrated that adolescents and adults with ASD generate normal response during a fear-potentiated startle paradigm, suggesting this aspect of amygdala function is intact and may not account for the social dysfunction associated with the condition. The amygdala also plays a crucial role in the expression of anxiety and may contribute to high rates of reported anxiety in individuals with ASD. The present study partially replicates prior work by examining the fear-potentiated startle response in adolescents with ASD, and extends this to investigate the relationship between startle response and anxiety. Eyeblink magnitude and latency (electromyographic activity; EMG) were collected from 20 adolescents with ASD and 19 typically developing (TD) age-matched adolescents during a fear-potentiated startle paradigm. Parent-report and self-report of anxiety and additional psychiatric symptoms were collected. Parental reports indicated higher rates of associated psychopathology in adolescents with ASD compared with TD adolescents. Consistent with previous results, both groups showed normal potentiated startle response, and no group differences in EMG were found. Symptoms of anxiety and level of social impairment were unrelated to startle response. These findings held for all levels of anxiety, suggesting that within the context of the fear-potentiated startle paradigm, amygdala response is not associated with degree of atypical social or emotional functioning in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1289 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=218 [article] Fear-Potentiated Startle Response Is Unrelated to Social or Emotional Functioning in Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lindsey STERLING, Auteur ; Jeffrey MUNSON, Auteur ; Annette ESTES, Auteur ; Michael MURIAS, Auteur ; Sara Jane WEBB, Auteur ; Bryan KING, Auteur ; Geraldine DAWSON, Auteur . - p.320-331. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-5 (October 2013) . - p.320-331 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  anxiety  startle response  amygdala Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : It has been suggested that atypical amygdala function contributes to the social impairments characteristic of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Previous research has demonstrated that adolescents and adults with ASD generate normal response during a fear-potentiated startle paradigm, suggesting this aspect of amygdala function is intact and may not account for the social dysfunction associated with the condition. The amygdala also plays a crucial role in the expression of anxiety and may contribute to high rates of reported anxiety in individuals with ASD. The present study partially replicates prior work by examining the fear-potentiated startle response in adolescents with ASD, and extends this to investigate the relationship between startle response and anxiety. Eyeblink magnitude and latency (electromyographic activity; EMG) were collected from 20 adolescents with ASD and 19 typically developing (TD) age-matched adolescents during a fear-potentiated startle paradigm. Parent-report and self-report of anxiety and additional psychiatric symptoms were collected. Parental reports indicated higher rates of associated psychopathology in adolescents with ASD compared with TD adolescents. Consistent with previous results, both groups showed normal potentiated startle response, and no group differences in EMG were found. Symptoms of anxiety and level of social impairment were unrelated to startle response. These findings held for all levels of anxiety, suggesting that within the context of the fear-potentiated startle paradigm, amygdala response is not associated with degree of atypical social or emotional functioning in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1289 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=218

Autistic Traits and Sensitivity to Interference With Flavour Identification / Andrea Irene CLARK in Autism Research, 6-5 (October 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-5 (October 2013) . - p.332-336 Titre : Autistic Traits and Sensitivity to Interference With Flavour Identification Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Andrea Irene CLARK, Auteur ; Paul Shane HUGHES, Auteur ; Manon GRUBE, Auteur ; Mary Elizabeth STEWART, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.332-336 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  autistic traits  personality  multisensory perception  flavour perception Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We assessed whether autistic traits are related to the ability to identify flavour. In general, the colour of the food or drink facilitates identification of its flavour. In the current study, the colour of drinks either provided congruent, incongruent or ambiguous (colourless) information about the flavour. Participants identified the flavours of 12 drinks from a list and completed a measure of autistic traits, the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ). In line with previous studies, flavour identification was impaired in incongruent conditions, while identification in congruent conditions was not improved when compared with that in ambiguous conditions. AQ scores were related to flavour identification in incongruent conditions, in that as the AQ score increased, accuracy of flavour identification decreased. There were no relationships found in the congruent or ambiguous conditions. This finding is in line with the idea that conflicting sensory information may be more disruptive for individuals on the autism spectrum. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1293 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=218 [article] Autistic Traits and Sensitivity to Interference With Flavour Identification [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Andrea Irene CLARK, Auteur ; Paul Shane HUGHES, Auteur ; Manon GRUBE, Auteur ; Mary Elizabeth STEWART, Auteur . - p.332-336. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-5 (October 2013) . - p.332-336 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  autistic traits  personality  multisensory perception  flavour perception Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We assessed whether autistic traits are related to the ability to identify flavour. In general, the colour of the food or drink facilitates identification of its flavour. In the current study, the colour of drinks either provided congruent, incongruent or ambiguous (colourless) information about the flavour. Participants identified the flavours of 12 drinks from a list and completed a measure of autistic traits, the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ). In line with previous studies, flavour identification was impaired in incongruent conditions, while identification in congruent conditions was not improved when compared with that in ambiguous conditions. AQ scores were related to flavour identification in incongruent conditions, in that as the AQ score increased, accuracy of flavour identification decreased. There were no relationships found in the congruent or ambiguous conditions. This finding is in line with the idea that conflicting sensory information may be more disruptive for individuals on the autism spectrum. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1293 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=218

Effects of Environmental Enrichment on Repetitive Behaviors in the BTBR T+tf/J Mouse Model of Autism / Stacey REYNOLDS in Autism Research, 6-5 (October 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-5 (October 2013) . - p.337-343 Titre : Effects of Environmental Enrichment on Repetitive Behaviors in the BTBR T+tf/J Mouse Model of Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Stacey REYNOLDS, Auteur ; Meagan URRUELA, Auteur ; Darragh P. DEVINE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.337-343 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  BTBR inbred strain  environmental enrichment  mouse model  repetitive behavior  stereotypy Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Lower order and higher order repetitive behaviors have been documented in the BTBR T+tf/J (BTBR) mouse strain, a mouse model that exhibits all three core behavioral domains that define autism. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of environmental enrichment for reducing repetitive behaviors in BTBR mice. Lower order behaviors were captured by assaying the time and sequence of grooming, while higher order behaviors were measured using pattern analysis of an object exploration task from digital recordings. Baseline scores were established at 7 weeks of age, followed by 30 days of housing in either a standard or enriched cage. As expected, BTBR mice spent significantly more time grooming and had a more rigid grooming sequence than control C57BL/6J mice did at baseline. After 30 days of enrichment housing, BTBR mice demonstrated a significant reduction in time spent grooming, resulting in levels that were lower than those exhibited by BTBR mice in standard housing. However, no changes were noted in the rigidity of their grooming sequence. In contrast to previous findings, there was no difference in repetitive patterns of exploration at baseline between BTBR and C57BL/6J mice in the object exploration test. Subsequently, enrichment did not significantly alter the number of repetitive patterns at posttest. Overall, the results suggest that environmental enrichment may be beneficial for reducing the time spent engaging in lower order repetitive behaviors, but may not change the overall quality of the behaviors when they do manifest. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1298 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=218 [article] Effects of Environmental Enrichment on Repetitive Behaviors in the BTBR T+tf/J Mouse Model of Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Stacey REYNOLDS, Auteur ; Meagan URRUELA, Auteur ; Darragh P. DEVINE, Auteur . - p.337-343. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-5 (October 2013) . - p.337-343 Mots-clés : autism  BTBR inbred strain  environmental enrichment  mouse model  repetitive behavior  stereotypy Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Lower order and higher order repetitive behaviors have been documented in the BTBR T+tf/J (BTBR) mouse strain, a mouse model that exhibits all three core behavioral domains that define autism. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of environmental enrichment for reducing repetitive behaviors in BTBR mice. Lower order behaviors were captured by assaying the time and sequence of grooming, while higher order behaviors were measured using pattern analysis of an object exploration task from digital recordings. Baseline scores were established at 7 weeks of age, followed by 30 days of housing in either a standard or enriched cage. As expected, BTBR mice spent significantly more time grooming and had a more rigid grooming sequence than control C57BL/6J mice did at baseline. After 30 days of enrichment housing, BTBR mice demonstrated a significant reduction in time spent grooming, resulting in levels that were lower than those exhibited by BTBR mice in standard housing. However, no changes were noted in the rigidity of their grooming sequence. In contrast to previous findings, there was no difference in repetitive patterns of exploration at baseline between BTBR and C57BL/6J mice in the object exploration test. Subsequently, enrichment did not significantly alter the number of repetitive patterns at posttest. Overall, the results suggest that environmental enrichment may be beneficial for reducing the time spent engaging in lower order repetitive behaviors, but may not change the overall quality of the behaviors when they do manifest. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1298 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=218

Quantification of the Stapedial Reflex Reveals Delayed Responses in Autism / Richard LUKOSE in Autism Research, 6-5 (October 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-5 (October 2013) . - p.344-353 Titre : Quantification of the Stapedial Reflex Reveals Delayed Responses in Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Richard LUKOSE, Auteur ; Kevin BROWN, Auteur ; Carol M. BARBER, Auteur ; Randy Joseph KULESZA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.344-353 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autistic  auditory  superior olive  facial nucleus Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism is a developmental disorder characterized, in part, by sensory abnormalities. It is well established that most if not all patients with autism have problems with auditory processing, ranging from deafness to hyperacusis, and physiological testing of auditory function (i.e. auditory brain stem responses) implicates brain stem dysfunction in autism. Additionally, previous research from this lab has revealed significantly fewer auditory brain stem neurons in autistic subjects as young as 2 years of age. These observations have led us to hypothesize that objective, noninvasive measures of auditory function can be used as an early screening tool to identify neonates with an elevated risk of carrying a diagnosis of autism. Here, we provide a detailed quantitative investigation of the acoustic stapedial reflex (ASR), a three- or four-neuron brain stem circuit, in young autistic subjects and normal developing controls. Indeed, we find significantly lower thresholds, responses occurring at significantly longer latency and right–left asymmetry in autistic subjects. The results from this investigation support deficits in auditory function as a cardinal feature of autism and suggest that individuals with autism can be identified by their ASR responses. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1297 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=218 [article] Quantification of the Stapedial Reflex Reveals Delayed Responses in Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Richard LUKOSE, Auteur ; Kevin BROWN, Auteur ; Carol M. BARBER, Auteur ; Randy Joseph KULESZA, Auteur . - p.344-353. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-5 (October 2013) . - p.344-353 Mots-clés : autistic  auditory  superior olive  facial nucleus Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism is a developmental disorder characterized, in part, by sensory abnormalities. It is well established that most if not all patients with autism have problems with auditory processing, ranging from deafness to hyperacusis, and physiological testing of auditory function (i.e. auditory brain stem responses) implicates brain stem dysfunction in autism. Additionally, previous research from this lab has revealed significantly fewer auditory brain stem neurons in autistic subjects as young as 2 years of age. These observations have led us to hypothesize that objective, noninvasive measures of auditory function can be used as an early screening tool to identify neonates with an elevated risk of carrying a diagnosis of autism. Here, we provide a detailed quantitative investigation of the acoustic stapedial reflex (ASR), a three- or four-neuron brain stem circuit, in young autistic subjects and normal developing controls. Indeed, we find significantly lower thresholds, responses occurring at significantly longer latency and right–left asymmetry in autistic subjects. The results from this investigation support deficits in auditory function as a cardinal feature of autism and suggest that individuals with autism can be identified by their ASR responses. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1297 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=218

Stem Cells as a Good Tool to Investigate Dysregulated Biological Systems in Autism Spectrum Disorders / Karina GRIESI-OLIVEIRA in Autism Research, 6-5 (October 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-5 (October 2013) . - p.354-361 Titre : Stem Cells as a Good Tool to Investigate Dysregulated Biological Systems in Autism Spectrum Disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Karina GRIESI-OLIVEIRA, Auteur ; Daniele Yumi SUNAGA, Auteur ; Lucas ALVIZI, Auteur ; Estevão VADASZ, Auteur ; Maria Rita PASSOS-BUENO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.354-361 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : expression studies  androgen signaling  CHD8  stem cells of human exfoliated deciduous teeth Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Identification of the causes of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) is hampered by their genetic heterogeneity; however, the different genetic alterations leading to ASD seem to be implicated in the disturbance of common molecular pathways or biological processes. In this scenario, the search for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between ASD patients and controls is a good alternative to identify the molecular etiology of such disorders. Here, we employed genome-wide expression analysis to compare the transcriptome of stem cells of human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) of idiopathic autistic patients (n?=?7) and control samples (n?=?6). Nearly half of the 683 identified DEGs are expressed in the brain (P?=?0.003), and a significant number of them are involved in mechanisms previously associated with ASD such as protein synthesis, cytoskeleton regulation, cellular adhesion and alternative splicing, which validate the use of SHEDs to disentangle the causes of autism. Autistic patients also presented overexpression of genes regulated by androgen receptor (AR), and AR itself, which in turn interacts with CHD8 (chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 8), a gene recently shown to be associated with the cause of autism and found to be upregulated in some patients tested here. These data provide a rationale for the mechanisms through which CHD8 leads to these diseases. In summary, our results suggest that ASD share deregulated pathways and revealed that SHEDs represent an alternative cell source to be used in the understanding of the biological mechanisms involved in the etiology of ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1296 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=218 [article] Stem Cells as a Good Tool to Investigate Dysregulated Biological Systems in Autism Spectrum Disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Karina GRIESI-OLIVEIRA, Auteur ; Daniele Yumi SUNAGA, Auteur ; Lucas ALVIZI, Auteur ; Estevão VADASZ, Auteur ; Maria Rita PASSOS-BUENO, Auteur . - p.354-361. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-5 (October 2013) . - p.354-361 Mots-clés : expression studies  androgen signaling  CHD8  stem cells of human exfoliated deciduous teeth Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Identification of the causes of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) is hampered by their genetic heterogeneity; however, the different genetic alterations leading to ASD seem to be implicated in the disturbance of common molecular pathways or biological processes. In this scenario, the search for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between ASD patients and controls is a good alternative to identify the molecular etiology of such disorders. Here, we employed genome-wide expression analysis to compare the transcriptome of stem cells of human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) of idiopathic autistic patients (n?=?7) and control samples (n?=?6). Nearly half of the 683 identified DEGs are expressed in the brain (P?=?0.003), and a significant number of them are involved in mechanisms previously associated with ASD such as protein synthesis, cytoskeleton regulation, cellular adhesion and alternative splicing, which validate the use of SHEDs to disentangle the causes of autism. Autistic patients also presented overexpression of genes regulated by androgen receptor (AR), and AR itself, which in turn interacts with CHD8 (chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 8), a gene recently shown to be associated with the cause of autism and found to be upregulated in some patients tested here. These data provide a rationale for the mechanisms through which CHD8 leads to these diseases. In summary, our results suggest that ASD share deregulated pathways and revealed that SHEDs represent an alternative cell source to be used in the understanding of the biological mechanisms involved in the etiology of ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1296 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=218

Empathic Responsiveness of Children and Adolescents with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder / Anke M. SCHEEREN in Autism Research, 6-5 (October 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-5 (October 2013) . - p.362-371 Titre : Empathic Responsiveness of Children and Adolescents with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Anke M. SCHEEREN, Auteur ; Hans M. KOOT, Auteur ; Peter C. MUNDY, Auteur ; Larissa MOUS, Auteur ; Sander BEGEER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.362-371 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  empathy  emotional response  social interaction Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous studies have shown reduced empathic responsiveness to others' emotions in preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and an intellectual disability. However, age and intelligence may promote children's empathic responsiveness. Therefore, we examined the empathic responsiveness in normally intelligent school-aged children and adolescents with a clinical diagnosis of ASD (n?=?151) and in a typically developing comparison group (n?=?50), using structured observations and parent reports. Based on the observations, participants' responses to the emotional displays of an interviewer were surprisingly similar. However, compared with parents from the comparison group, parents of a child with ASD reported significantly fewer empathic responses, particularly when the child received a high score on the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule. Even though parents report a reduced empathic responsiveness in school-aged children and adolescents with ASD, it may be difficult to find these empathic limitations during brief observations in a structured setting. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1299 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=218 [article] Empathic Responsiveness of Children and Adolescents with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Anke M. SCHEEREN, Auteur ; Hans M. KOOT, Auteur ; Peter C. MUNDY, Auteur ; Larissa MOUS, Auteur ; Sander BEGEER, Auteur . - p.362-371. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-5 (October 2013) . - p.362-371 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  empathy  emotional response  social interaction Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous studies have shown reduced empathic responsiveness to others' emotions in preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and an intellectual disability. However, age and intelligence may promote children's empathic responsiveness. Therefore, we examined the empathic responsiveness in normally intelligent school-aged children and adolescents with a clinical diagnosis of ASD (n?=?151) and in a typically developing comparison group (n?=?50), using structured observations and parent reports. Based on the observations, participants' responses to the emotional displays of an interviewer were surprisingly similar. However, compared with parents from the comparison group, parents of a child with ASD reported significantly fewer empathic responses, particularly when the child received a high score on the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule. Even though parents report a reduced empathic responsiveness in school-aged children and adolescents with ASD, it may be difficult to find these empathic limitations during brief observations in a structured setting. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1299 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=218

Quantifying Repetitive Speech in Autism Spectrum Disorders and Language Impairment / Jan P. H. VAN SANTEN in Autism Research, 6-5 (October 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-5 (October 2013) . - p.372-383 Titre : Quantifying Repetitive Speech in Autism Spectrum Disorders and Language Impairment Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jan P. H. VAN SANTEN, Auteur ; Richard W. SPROAT, Auteur ; Alison Presmanes HILL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.372-383 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  specific language impairment  echolalia  repetitive behavior Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We report on an automatic technique for quantifying two types of repetitive speech: repetitions of what the child says him/herself (self-repeats) and of what is uttered by an interlocutor (echolalia). We apply this technique to a sample of 111 children between the ages of four and eight: 42 typically developing children (TD), 19 children with specific language impairment (SLI), 25 children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) plus language impairment (ALI), and 25 children with ASD with normal, non-impaired language (ALN). The results indicate robust differences in echolalia between the TD and ASD groups as a whole (ALN?+?ALI), and between TD and ALN children. There were no significant differences between ALI and SLI children for echolalia or self-repetitions. The results confirm previous findings that children with ASD repeat the language of others more than other populations of children. On the other hand, self-repetition does not appear to be significantly more frequent in ASD, nor does it matter whether the child's echolalia occurred within one (immediate) or two turns (near-immediate) of the adult's original utterance. Furthermore, non-significant differences between ALN and SLI, between TD and SLI, and between ALI and TD are suggestive that echolalia may not be specific to ALN or to ASD in general. One important innovation of this work is an objective fully automatic technique for assessing the amount of repetition in a transcript of a child's utterances En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1301 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=218 [article] Quantifying Repetitive Speech in Autism Spectrum Disorders and Language Impairment [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jan P. H. VAN SANTEN, Auteur ; Richard W. SPROAT, Auteur ; Alison Presmanes HILL, Auteur . - p.372-383. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-5 (October 2013) . - p.372-383 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  specific language impairment  echolalia  repetitive behavior Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We report on an automatic technique for quantifying two types of repetitive speech: repetitions of what the child says him/herself (self-repeats) and of what is uttered by an interlocutor (echolalia). We apply this technique to a sample of 111 children between the ages of four and eight: 42 typically developing children (TD), 19 children with specific language impairment (SLI), 25 children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) plus language impairment (ALI), and 25 children with ASD with normal, non-impaired language (ALN). The results indicate robust differences in echolalia between the TD and ASD groups as a whole (ALN?+?ALI), and between TD and ALN children. There were no significant differences between ALI and SLI children for echolalia or self-repetitions. The results confirm previous findings that children with ASD repeat the language of others more than other populations of children. On the other hand, self-repetition does not appear to be significantly more frequent in ASD, nor does it matter whether the child's echolalia occurred within one (immediate) or two turns (near-immediate) of the adult's original utterance. Furthermore, non-significant differences between ALN and SLI, between TD and SLI, and between ALI and TD are suggestive that echolalia may not be specific to ALN or to ASD in general. One important innovation of this work is an objective fully automatic technique for assessing the amount of repetition in a transcript of a child's utterances En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1301 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=218

Association between MTHFR Gene Polymorphisms and the Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Meta-Analysis / Danhua PU in Autism Research, 6-5 (October 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-5 (October 2013) . - p.384-392 Titre : Association between MTHFR Gene Polymorphisms and the Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Meta-Analysis Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Danhua PU, Auteur ; Yiping SHEN, Auteur ; Jie WU, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.384-392 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase  polymorphism  autism spectrum disorders  folic acidl  meta-analysis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is essential for DNA biosynthesis and the epigenetic process of DNA methylation, and its gene polymorphisms have been implicated as risk factors for birth defects, neurological disorders, and cancers. However, reports on the association of MTHFR polymorphisms with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are inconclusive. Therefore, we investigated the relationship of the MTHFR polymorphisms (C677T and A1298C) and the risk of ASD by meta-analysis. Up to December 2012, eight case-control studies involving 1672 patients with ASD and 6760 controls were included for meta-analysis. The results showed that the C677T polymorphism was associated with significantly increased ASD risk in all the comparison models [T vs. C allele (frequency of allele): odds ratio (OR)?=?1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09–1.85; CT vs. CC (heterozygote): OR?=?1.48, 95% CI: 1.09–2.00; TT vs. CC (homozygote): OR?=?1.86, 95% CI: 1.08–3.20; CT+TT vs. CC (dominant model): OR?=?1.56, 95% CI: 1.12–2.18; and TT vs. CC+CT (recessive model): OR?=?1.51, 95% CI: 1.02–2.22], whereas the A1298C polymorphism was found to be significantly associated with reduced ASD risk but only in a recessive model (CC vs. AA+AC: OR?=?0.73, 95% CI: 0.56–0.97). In addition, we stratified the patient population based on whether they were from a country with food fortification of folic acid or not. The meta-analysis showed that the C677T polymorphism was found to be associated with ASD only in children from countries without food fortification. Our study indicated that the MTHFR C677T polymorphism contributes to increased ASD risk, and periconceptional folic acid may reduce ASD risk in those with MTHFR 677CT polymorphism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1300 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=218 [article] Association between MTHFR Gene Polymorphisms and the Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Meta-Analysis [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Danhua PU, Auteur ; Yiping SHEN, Auteur ; Jie WU, Auteur . - p.384-392. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-5 (October 2013) . - p.384-392 Mots-clés : methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase  polymorphism  autism spectrum disorders  folic acidl  meta-analysis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is essential for DNA biosynthesis and the epigenetic process of DNA methylation, and its gene polymorphisms have been implicated as risk factors for birth defects, neurological disorders, and cancers. However, reports on the association of MTHFR polymorphisms with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are inconclusive. Therefore, we investigated the relationship of the MTHFR polymorphisms (C677T and A1298C) and the risk of ASD by meta-analysis. Up to December 2012, eight case-control studies involving 1672 patients with ASD and 6760 controls were included for meta-analysis. The results showed that the C677T polymorphism was associated with significantly increased ASD risk in all the comparison models [T vs. C allele (frequency of allele): odds ratio (OR)?=?1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09–1.85; CT vs. CC (heterozygote): OR?=?1.48, 95% CI: 1.09–2.00; TT vs. CC (homozygote): OR?=?1.86, 95% CI: 1.08–3.20; CT+TT vs. CC (dominant model): OR?=?1.56, 95% CI: 1.12–2.18; and TT vs. CC+CT (recessive model): OR?=?1.51, 95% CI: 1.02–2.22], whereas the A1298C polymorphism was found to be significantly associated with reduced ASD risk but only in a recessive model (CC vs. AA+AC: OR?=?0.73, 95% CI: 0.56–0.97). In addition, we stratified the patient population based on whether they were from a country with food fortification of folic acid or not. The meta-analysis showed that the C677T polymorphism was found to be associated with ASD only in children from countries without food fortification. Our study indicated that the MTHFR C677T polymorphism contributes to increased ASD risk, and periconceptional folic acid may reduce ASD risk in those with MTHFR 677CT polymorphism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1300 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=218

Social Attention in a Virtual Public Speaking Task in Higher Functioning Children With Autism / William JARROLD in Autism Research, 6-5 (October 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-5 (October 2013) . - p.393-410 Titre : Social Attention in a Virtual Public Speaking Task in Higher Functioning Children With Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : William JARROLD, Auteur ; Peter C. MUNDY, Auteur ; Mary GWALTNEY, Auteur ; Jeremy BAILENSON, Auteur ; Naomi HATT, Auteur ; Nancy MCINTYRE, Auteur ; Kwanguk KIM, Auteur ; Marjorie SOLOMON, Auteur ; Stephanie NOVOTNY, Auteur ; Lindsay SWAIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.393-410 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : cognition and learning  school-aged development  social attention  individual differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Impairments in social attention play a major role in autism, but little is known about their role in development after preschool. In this study, a public speaking task was used to study social attention, its moderators, and its association with classroom learning in elementary and secondary students with higher functioning autism spectrum disorder (HFASD). Thirty-seven students with HFASD and 54 age- and intelligence quotient (IQ)-matched peers without symptoms of ASD were assessed in a virtual classroom public speaking paradigm. This paradigm assessed the ability to attend to nine avatar peers seated at a table, while simultaneously answering self-referenced questions. Students with HFASD looked less frequently to avatar peers in the classroom while talking. However, social attention was moderated in the HFASD sample such that students with lower IQ, and/or more symptoms of social anxiety, and/or more attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder inattentive symptoms, displayed more atypical social attention. Group differences were more pronounced when the classroom contained social avatars versus nonsocial targets. Moreover, measures of social attention rather than nonsocial attention were significantly associated with parent report and objective measures of learning in the classroom. The data in this study support the hypothesis of the Social Attention Model of ASD that social attention disturbance remains part of the school-aged phenotype of autism that is related to syndrome-specific problems in social learning. More research of this kind would likely contribute to advances in the understanding of the development of the spectrum of autism and educational intervention approaches for affected school-aged children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1302 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=218 [article] Social Attention in a Virtual Public Speaking Task in Higher Functioning Children With Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / William JARROLD, Auteur ; Peter C. MUNDY, Auteur ; Mary GWALTNEY, Auteur ; Jeremy BAILENSON, Auteur ; Naomi HATT, Auteur ; Nancy MCINTYRE, Auteur ; Kwanguk KIM, Auteur ; Marjorie SOLOMON, Auteur ; Stephanie NOVOTNY, Auteur ; Lindsay SWAIN, Auteur . - p.393-410. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-5 (October 2013) . - p.393-410 Mots-clés : cognition and learning  school-aged development  social attention  individual differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Impairments in social attention play a major role in autism, but little is known about their role in development after preschool. In this study, a public speaking task was used to study social attention, its moderators, and its association with classroom learning in elementary and secondary students with higher functioning autism spectrum disorder (HFASD). Thirty-seven students with HFASD and 54 age- and intelligence quotient (IQ)-matched peers without symptoms of ASD were assessed in a virtual classroom public speaking paradigm. This paradigm assessed the ability to attend to nine avatar peers seated at a table, while simultaneously answering self-referenced questions. Students with HFASD looked less frequently to avatar peers in the classroom while talking. However, social attention was moderated in the HFASD sample such that students with lower IQ, and/or more symptoms of social anxiety, and/or more attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder inattentive symptoms, displayed more atypical social attention. Group differences were more pronounced when the classroom contained social avatars versus nonsocial targets. Moreover, measures of social attention rather than nonsocial attention were significantly associated with parent report and objective measures of learning in the classroom. The data in this study support the hypothesis of the Social Attention Model of ASD that social attention disturbance remains part of the school-aged phenotype of autism that is related to syndrome-specific problems in social learning. More research of this kind would likely contribute to advances in the understanding of the development of the spectrum of autism and educational intervention approaches for affected school-aged children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1302 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=218

An Exploration of Imitation Recognition in Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders / Natalie I. BERGER in Autism Research, 6-5 (October 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-5 (October 2013) . - p.411-416 Titre : An Exploration of Imitation Recognition in Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Natalie I. BERGER, Auteur ; Brooke R. INGERSOLL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.411-416 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  imitation  imitation recognition  social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The ability to recognize when one is being imitated has been hypothesized to be an important developmental process related to the emergence of more advanced social-cognitive skills. While a series of behaviors indicating progressively more mature imitation recognition (IR) skills has been assessed in typically developing children, empirical work with children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) has largely focused on basic social responses to an imitative adult (e.g. increases in eye contact). Limited work has explored more mature IR behaviors in this population. This study compared the degree to which children with ASD engage in different behaviors thought to be indicative of IR during a naturalistic imitation task and the relationship between different types of IR behaviors and social-cognitive skills (i.e. imitation, language, social reciprocity, and joint attention). Thirty children with ASD were administered standardized measures of cognitive level, language, joint attention, social reciprocity, and imitation. IR behaviors were observed during periods of contingent imitation by an adult. Participants engaged more frequently in less mature (e.g. looking at the experimenter's toy or face) than more mature IR behaviors (e.g. testing the experimenter's intent to imitate). After controlling for developmental level, social reciprocity, object imitation, and gesture imitation were positively correlated with more mature IR. These findings suggest that the development of more mature IR skills is related to the development of other social-cognitive skills in children with ASD and provide additional empirical support for reports of more mature IR observed in this population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1303 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=218 [article] An Exploration of Imitation Recognition in Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Natalie I. BERGER, Auteur ; Brooke R. INGERSOLL, Auteur . - p.411-416. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-5 (October 2013) . - p.411-416 Mots-clés : autism  imitation  imitation recognition  social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The ability to recognize when one is being imitated has been hypothesized to be an important developmental process related to the emergence of more advanced social-cognitive skills. While a series of behaviors indicating progressively more mature imitation recognition (IR) skills has been assessed in typically developing children, empirical work with children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) has largely focused on basic social responses to an imitative adult (e.g. increases in eye contact). Limited work has explored more mature IR behaviors in this population. This study compared the degree to which children with ASD engage in different behaviors thought to be indicative of IR during a naturalistic imitation task and the relationship between different types of IR behaviors and social-cognitive skills (i.e. imitation, language, social reciprocity, and joint attention). Thirty children with ASD were administered standardized measures of cognitive level, language, joint attention, social reciprocity, and imitation. IR behaviors were observed during periods of contingent imitation by an adult. Participants engaged more frequently in less mature (e.g. looking at the experimenter's toy or face) than more mature IR behaviors (e.g. testing the experimenter's intent to imitate). After controlling for developmental level, social reciprocity, object imitation, and gesture imitation were positively correlated with more mature IR. These findings suggest that the development of more mature IR skills is related to the development of other social-cognitive skills in children with ASD and provide additional empirical support for reports of more mature IR observed in this population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1303 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=218

Individual Differences in the Real-Time Comprehension of Children with ASD / Courtney E. VENKER in Autism Research, 6-5 (October 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-5 (October 2013) . - p.417-432 Titre : Individual Differences in the Real-Time Comprehension of Children with ASD Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Courtney E. VENKER, Auteur ; Elizabeth R. EERNISSE, Auteur ; Jenny SAFFRAN, Auteur ; Susan Ellis WEISMER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.417-432 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  comprehension  language processing  receptive vocabulary  eye-gaze methodology  individual differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Many children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) demonstrate deficits in language comprehension, but little is known about how they process spoken language as it unfolds. Real-time lexical comprehension is associated with language and cognition in children without ASD, suggesting that this may also be the case for children with ASD. This study adopted an individual differences approach to characterizing real-time comprehension of familiar words in a group of 34 three- to six-year-olds with ASD. The looking-while-listening paradigm was employed; it measures online accuracy and latency through language-mediated eye movements and has limited task demands. On average, children demonstrated comprehension of the familiar words, but considerable variability emerged. Children with better accuracy were faster to process the familiar words. In combination, processing speed and comprehension on a standardized language assessment explained 63% of the variance in online accuracy. Online accuracy was not correlated with autism severity or maternal education, and nonverbal cognition did not explain unique variance. Notably, online accuracy at age 5½ was related to vocabulary comprehension 3 years earlier. The words typically learned earliest in life were processed most quickly. Consistent with a dimensional view of language abilities, these findings point to similarities in patterns of language acquisition in typically developing children and those with ASD. Overall, our results emphasize the value of examining individual differences in real-time language comprehension in this population. We propose that the looking-while-listening paradigm is a sensitive and valuable methodological tool that can be applied across many areas of autism research. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1304 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=218 [article] Individual Differences in the Real-Time Comprehension of Children with ASD [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Courtney E. VENKER, Auteur ; Elizabeth R. EERNISSE, Auteur ; Jenny SAFFRAN, Auteur ; Susan Ellis WEISMER, Auteur . - p.417-432. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-5 (October 2013) . - p.417-432 Mots-clés : autism  comprehension  language processing  receptive vocabulary  eye-gaze methodology  individual differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Many children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) demonstrate deficits in language comprehension, but little is known about how they process spoken language as it unfolds. Real-time lexical comprehension is associated with language and cognition in children without ASD, suggesting that this may also be the case for children with ASD. This study adopted an individual differences approach to characterizing real-time comprehension of familiar words in a group of 34 three- to six-year-olds with ASD. The looking-while-listening paradigm was employed; it measures online accuracy and latency through language-mediated eye movements and has limited task demands. On average, children demonstrated comprehension of the familiar words, but considerable variability emerged. Children with better accuracy were faster to process the familiar words. In combination, processing speed and comprehension on a standardized language assessment explained 63% of the variance in online accuracy. Online accuracy was not correlated with autism severity or maternal education, and nonverbal cognition did not explain unique variance. Notably, online accuracy at age 5½ was related to vocabulary comprehension 3 years earlier. The words typically learned earliest in life were processed most quickly. Consistent with a dimensional view of language abilities, these findings point to similarities in patterns of language acquisition in typically developing children and those with ASD. Overall, our results emphasize the value of examining individual differences in real-time language comprehension in this population. We propose that the looking-while-listening paradigm is a sensitive and valuable methodological tool that can be applied across many areas of autism research. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1304 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=218

Reputation Management: Evidence for Ability But Reduced Propensity in Autism / Eilidh CAGE in Autism Research, 6-5 (October 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-5 (October 2013) . - p.433-442 Titre : Reputation Management: Evidence for Ability But Reduced Propensity in Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Eilidh CAGE, Auteur ; Elizabeth PELLICANO, Auteur ; Punit SHAH, Auteur ; Geoffrey BIRD, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.433-442 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : reputation management  theory of mind  reward  reciprocity  autism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous research has reported that autistic adults do not manage their reputation, purportedly due to problems with theory of mind [Izuma, Matsumoto, Camerer, Adolphs]. The current study aimed to test alternative explanations for this apparent lack of reputation management. Twenty typical and 19 autistic adults donated to charity and to a person, both when alone and when observed. In an additional manipulation, for half of the participants, the observer was also the recipient of their donations, and participants were told that this observer would subsequently have the opportunity to donate to them (motivation condition). This manipulation was designed to encourage an expectation of a reciprocal “tit-for-tat” strategy in the participant, which may motivate participants to change their behavior to receive more donations. The remaining participants were told that the person watching was just observing the procedure (no motivation condition). Our results replicated Izuma et?al.'s finding that autistic adults did not donate more to charity when observed. Yet, in the motivation condition, both typical and autistic adults donated significantly more to the observer when watched, although this effect was significantly attenuated in autistic individuals. Results indicate that, while individuals with autism may have the ability to think about reputation, a reduced expectation of reciprocal behavior from others may reduce the degree to which they engage in reputation management. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1313 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=218 [article] Reputation Management: Evidence for Ability But Reduced Propensity in Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Eilidh CAGE, Auteur ; Elizabeth PELLICANO, Auteur ; Punit SHAH, Auteur ; Geoffrey BIRD, Auteur . - p.433-442. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-5 (October 2013) . - p.433-442 Mots-clés : reputation management  theory of mind  reward  reciprocity  autism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous research has reported that autistic adults do not manage their reputation, purportedly due to problems with theory of mind [Izuma, Matsumoto, Camerer, Adolphs]. The current study aimed to test alternative explanations for this apparent lack of reputation management. Twenty typical and 19 autistic adults donated to charity and to a person, both when alone and when observed. In an additional manipulation, for half of the participants, the observer was also the recipient of their donations, and participants were told that this observer would subsequently have the opportunity to donate to them (motivation condition). This manipulation was designed to encourage an expectation of a reciprocal “tit-for-tat” strategy in the participant, which may motivate participants to change their behavior to receive more donations. The remaining participants were told that the person watching was just observing the procedure (no motivation condition). Our results replicated Izuma et?al.'s finding that autistic adults did not donate more to charity when observed. Yet, in the motivation condition, both typical and autistic adults donated significantly more to the observer when watched, although this effect was significantly attenuated in autistic individuals. Results indicate that, while individuals with autism may have the ability to think about reputation, a reduced expectation of reciprocal behavior from others may reduce the degree to which they engage in reputation management. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1313 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=218

Theory of Mind in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Do Siblings Matter? / Nicole L. MATTHEWS in Autism Research, 6-5 (October 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-5 (October 2013) . - p.443-453 Titre : Theory of Mind in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Do Siblings Matter? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Nicole L. MATTHEWS, Auteur ; Wendy A. GOLDBERG, Auteur ; Angela F. LUKOWSKI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.443-453 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  theory of mind  siblings  false belief Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Research indicates a positive relation between the sibling constellation and theory of mind (ToM) development in typically developing (TD) children. Less is known about this association in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The current study examined the association among the presence and number of siblings, birth order, and false belief (FB) understanding in children with ASD and a TD comparison group. Two FB tasks (change of contents and change of location) and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test were administered to 57 children with ASD and 28 TD children during a home visit. One parent of each child reported on demographics and the sibling constellation. Separate hierarchical regressions controlled for age, receptive language ability, and scores on the Social Communication Questionnaire. In children with ASD, no association was observed between presence or number of siblings and ToM. However, the presence of older (but not younger) siblings was found to be positively associated with ToM. Children with ASD who had at least one older sibling performed similarly to the TD group, whereas children with ASD who had no older siblings performed significantly worse than the TD group. These findings indicate an advantage for FB performance in children with ASD who have an older sibling. They may bear on decisions to include older siblings or peers in intervention programs and may also contribute to a more complete understanding of the origins of individual differences in ToM ability in children with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1308 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=218 [article] Theory of Mind in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Do Siblings Matter? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Nicole L. MATTHEWS, Auteur ; Wendy A. GOLDBERG, Auteur ; Angela F. LUKOWSKI, Auteur . - p.443-453. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-5 (October 2013) . - p.443-453 Mots-clés : autism  theory of mind  siblings  false belief Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Research indicates a positive relation between the sibling constellation and theory of mind (ToM) development in typically developing (TD) children. Less is known about this association in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The current study examined the association among the presence and number of siblings, birth order, and false belief (FB) understanding in children with ASD and a TD comparison group. Two FB tasks (change of contents and change of location) and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test were administered to 57 children with ASD and 28 TD children during a home visit. One parent of each child reported on demographics and the sibling constellation. Separate hierarchical regressions controlled for age, receptive language ability, and scores on the Social Communication Questionnaire. In children with ASD, no association was observed between presence or number of siblings and ToM. However, the presence of older (but not younger) siblings was found to be positively associated with ToM. Children with ASD who had at least one older sibling performed similarly to the TD group, whereas children with ASD who had no older siblings performed significantly worse than the TD group. These findings indicate an advantage for FB performance in children with ASD who have an older sibling. They may bear on decisions to include older siblings or peers in intervention programs and may also contribute to a more complete understanding of the origins of individual differences in ToM ability in children with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1308 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=218

Lay Abstract in Autism Research, 6-5 (October 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-5 (October 2013) . - p.454-459 Titre : Lay Abstract Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Article en page(s) : p.454-459 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1346 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=218 [article] Lay Abstract [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - p.454-459. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-5 (October 2013) . - p.454-459 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1346 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=218

International Society for Autism Research News / Francesca HAPPE in Autism Research, 6-5 (October 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-5 (October 2013) . - p.460-460 Titre : International Society for Autism Research News Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Francesca HAPPE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.460-460 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1347 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=218 [article] International Society for Autism Research News [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Francesca HAPPE, Auteur . - p.460-460. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-5 (October 2013) . - p.460-460 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1347 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=218