Dépouillements

Issue Information in Autism Research, 10-12 (December 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-12 (December 2017) . - p.1905-1909 Titre : Issue Information Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Article en page(s) : p.1905-1909 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1705 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=322 [article] Issue Information [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - p.1905-1909. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-12 (December 2017) . - p.1905-1909 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1705 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=322

Investigating facial phenotype in autism spectrum conditions: The importance of a hypothesis driven approach / Maryam BOUTRUS in Autism Research, 10-12 (December 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-12 (December 2017) . - p.1910-1918 Titre : Investigating facial phenotype in autism spectrum conditions: The importance of a hypothesis driven approach Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Maryam BOUTRUS, Auteur ; Murray T. MAYBERY, Auteur ; Gail A. ALVARES, Auteur ; Diana Weiting TAN, Auteur ; Kandice J. VARCIN, Auteur ; Andrew J. O. WHITEHOUSE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1910-1918 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : neurodevelopment  facial phenotype  morphology  subgroups  autism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Atypical facial characteristics have been observed in many disorders associated with developmental disability. While autism spectrum conditions (ASC) have not previously been thought to be associated with a distinct facial phenotype, an emerging research literature is casting doubt on this assumption. The identification of differences in the facial phenotype of individuals with ASC may contribute to efforts to promote early identification of the condition and help elucidate etiological pathways. With the aim of identifying facial phenotypes associated with ASC, this commentary evaluated facial features purported to distinguish ASC from typical development. Although there is little consensus across the reviewed studies for the majority of facial characteristics described, preliminary evidence suggests increased facial asymmetry may be more common in ASC. There is also evidence to suggest that there are morphologically distinct subgroups within ASC that correspond with different cognitive and behavioral symptomatology. However, in light of the various inconsistencies in the reported literature, and based on an accumulating understanding of etiological pathways proposed to be associated with ASC, we propose an alternative paradigm for investigating facial phenotypes in ASC. A series of studies are outlined to demonstrate the promise of a research program that has taken a hypothesis-driven approach to examine facial phenotypes associated with increased exposure to prenatal testosterone and to ASC. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1910–1918. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary This commentary reviewed studies that found differences in the facial features of individuals with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) compared to typically developing individuals. While there is little agreement between studies, there is some support for asymmetrical facial features associated with ASC, and preliminary evidence that particular facial features relate to specific patterns of cognitive and behavioral symptoms. However, in light of inconsistencies between studies and based on accumulating understanding of etiological pathways, we propose an alternative approach to investigating facial differences in ASC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1824 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=322 [article] Investigating facial phenotype in autism spectrum conditions: The importance of a hypothesis driven approach [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Maryam BOUTRUS, Auteur ; Murray T. MAYBERY, Auteur ; Gail A. ALVARES, Auteur ; Diana Weiting TAN, Auteur ; Kandice J. VARCIN, Auteur ; Andrew J. O. WHITEHOUSE, Auteur . - p.1910-1918. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-12 (December 2017) . - p.1910-1918 Mots-clés : neurodevelopment  facial phenotype  morphology  subgroups  autism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Atypical facial characteristics have been observed in many disorders associated with developmental disability. While autism spectrum conditions (ASC) have not previously been thought to be associated with a distinct facial phenotype, an emerging research literature is casting doubt on this assumption. The identification of differences in the facial phenotype of individuals with ASC may contribute to efforts to promote early identification of the condition and help elucidate etiological pathways. With the aim of identifying facial phenotypes associated with ASC, this commentary evaluated facial features purported to distinguish ASC from typical development. Although there is little consensus across the reviewed studies for the majority of facial characteristics described, preliminary evidence suggests increased facial asymmetry may be more common in ASC. There is also evidence to suggest that there are morphologically distinct subgroups within ASC that correspond with different cognitive and behavioral symptomatology. However, in light of the various inconsistencies in the reported literature, and based on an accumulating understanding of etiological pathways proposed to be associated with ASC, we propose an alternative paradigm for investigating facial phenotypes in ASC. A series of studies are outlined to demonstrate the promise of a research program that has taken a hypothesis-driven approach to examine facial phenotypes associated with increased exposure to prenatal testosterone and to ASC. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1910–1918. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary This commentary reviewed studies that found differences in the facial features of individuals with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) compared to typically developing individuals. While there is little agreement between studies, there is some support for asymmetrical facial features associated with ASC, and preliminary evidence that particular facial features relate to specific patterns of cognitive and behavioral symptoms. However, in light of inconsistencies between studies and based on accumulating understanding of etiological pathways, we propose an alternative approach to investigating facial differences in ASC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1824 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=322

Analysis and functional characterization of sequence variations in ligand binding domain of thyroid hormone receptors in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients / Mahesh Kumar KALIKIRI in Autism Research, 10-12 (December 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-12 (December 2017) . - p.1919-1928 Titre : Analysis and functional characterization of sequence variations in ligand binding domain of thyroid hormone receptors in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Mahesh Kumar KALIKIRI, Auteur ; Madhu Poornima MAMIDALA, Auteur ; Ananth N. RAO, Auteur ; Vidya RAJESH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1919-1928 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectral disorder (ASD)  thyroid hormone receptors  single nucleotide polymorphism  trans-activation studies  site directed mutagenesis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neuro developmental disorder, reported to be on a rise in the past two decades. Thyroid hormone-T3 plays an important role in early embryonic and central nervous system development. T3 mediates its function by binding to thyroid hormone receptors, TR? and TR?. Alterations in T3 levels and thyroid receptor mutations have been earlier implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders and have been linked to environmental toxins. Limited reports from earlier studies have shown the effectiveness of T3 treatment with promising results in children with ASD and that the thyroid hormone levels in these children was also normal. This necessitates the need to explore the genetic variations in the components of the thyroid hormone pathway in ASD children. To achieve this objective, we performed genetic analysis of ligand binding domain of THRA and THRB receptor genes in 30 ASD subjects and in age matched controls from India. Our study for the first time reports novel single nucleotide polymorphisms in the THRA and THRB receptor genes of ASD individuals. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1919–1928. ©2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary Thyroid hormone (T3) and thyroid receptors (TR? and TR?) are the major components of the thyroid hormone pathway. The link between thyroid pathway and neuronal development is proven in clinical medicine. Since the thyroid hormone levels in Autistic children are normal, variations in their receptors needs to be explored. To achieve this objective, changes in THRA and THRB receptor genes was studied in 30 ASD and normal children from India. The impact of some of these mutations on receptor function was also studied. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1838 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=323 [article] Analysis and functional characterization of sequence variations in ligand binding domain of thyroid hormone receptors in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Mahesh Kumar KALIKIRI, Auteur ; Madhu Poornima MAMIDALA, Auteur ; Ananth N. RAO, Auteur ; Vidya RAJESH, Auteur . - p.1919-1928. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-12 (December 2017) . - p.1919-1928 Mots-clés : autism spectral disorder (ASD)  thyroid hormone receptors  single nucleotide polymorphism  trans-activation studies  site directed mutagenesis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neuro developmental disorder, reported to be on a rise in the past two decades. Thyroid hormone-T3 plays an important role in early embryonic and central nervous system development. T3 mediates its function by binding to thyroid hormone receptors, TR? and TR?. Alterations in T3 levels and thyroid receptor mutations have been earlier implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders and have been linked to environmental toxins. Limited reports from earlier studies have shown the effectiveness of T3 treatment with promising results in children with ASD and that the thyroid hormone levels in these children was also normal. This necessitates the need to explore the genetic variations in the components of the thyroid hormone pathway in ASD children. To achieve this objective, we performed genetic analysis of ligand binding domain of THRA and THRB receptor genes in 30 ASD subjects and in age matched controls from India. Our study for the first time reports novel single nucleotide polymorphisms in the THRA and THRB receptor genes of ASD individuals. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1919–1928. ©2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary Thyroid hormone (T3) and thyroid receptors (TR? and TR?) are the major components of the thyroid hormone pathway. The link between thyroid pathway and neuronal development is proven in clinical medicine. Since the thyroid hormone levels in Autistic children are normal, variations in their receptors needs to be explored. To achieve this objective, changes in THRA and THRB receptor genes was studied in 30 ASD and normal children from India. The impact of some of these mutations on receptor function was also studied. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1838 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=323

Altered attentional processing in male and female rats in a prenatal valproic acid exposure model of autism spectrum disorder / Kumari ANSHU in Autism Research, 10-12 (December 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-12 (December 2017) . - p.1929-1944 Titre : Altered attentional processing in male and female rats in a prenatal valproic acid exposure model of autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kumari ANSHU, Auteur ; Ajay Kumar NAIR, Auteur ; U. D. KUMARESAN, Auteur ; Bindu M. KUTTY, Auteur ; Shoba SRINATH, Auteur ; T. Rao LAXMI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1929-1944 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  attention  5-choice serial reaction time task  sex differences  prenatal valproic acid  animal models  environmental risk factors Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Attention is foundational to efficient perception and optimal goal driven behavior. Intact attentional processing is crucial for the development of social and communication skills. Deficits in attention are therefore likely contributors to the core pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Clinical evidence in ASD is suggestive of impairments in attention and its control, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We examined sustained, spatially divided attention in a prenatal valproic acid (VPA) model of ASD using the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT). As compared to controls, male and female VPA rats had progressively lower accuracy and higher omissions with increasing attentional demands during 5-CSRTT training, and showed further performance decrements when subjected to parametric task manipulations. It is noteworthy that although VPA exposure induced attentional deficits in both sexes, there were task parameter specific sex differences. Importantly, we did not find evidence of impulsivity or motivational deficits in VPA rats but we did find reduced social preference, as well as sensorimotor deficits that suggest pre-attentional information processing impairments. Importantly, with fixed rules, graded difficulty levels, and more time, VPA rats could be successfully trained on the attentional task. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study examining attentional functions in a VPA model. Our work underscores the need for studying both sexes in ASD animal models and validates the use of the VPA model in the quest for mechanistic understanding of aberrant attentional functions and for evaluating suitable therapeutic targets. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1929–1944. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary We studied rats prenatally exposed to valproic acid (VPA), an established rodent model of autism. Both male and female VPA rats had a range of attentional impairments with sex-specific characteristics. Importantly, with fixed rules, graded difficulty levels, and more time, VPA rats could be successfully trained on the attentional task. Our work validates the use of the VPA model in the quest for evaluating suitable therapeutic targets for improving attentional performance. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1852 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=323 [article] Altered attentional processing in male and female rats in a prenatal valproic acid exposure model of autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kumari ANSHU, Auteur ; Ajay Kumar NAIR, Auteur ; U. D. KUMARESAN, Auteur ; Bindu M. KUTTY, Auteur ; Shoba SRINATH, Auteur ; T. Rao LAXMI, Auteur . - p.1929-1944. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-12 (December 2017) . - p.1929-1944 Mots-clés : autism  attention  5-choice serial reaction time task  sex differences  prenatal valproic acid  animal models  environmental risk factors Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Attention is foundational to efficient perception and optimal goal driven behavior. Intact attentional processing is crucial for the development of social and communication skills. Deficits in attention are therefore likely contributors to the core pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Clinical evidence in ASD is suggestive of impairments in attention and its control, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We examined sustained, spatially divided attention in a prenatal valproic acid (VPA) model of ASD using the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT). As compared to controls, male and female VPA rats had progressively lower accuracy and higher omissions with increasing attentional demands during 5-CSRTT training, and showed further performance decrements when subjected to parametric task manipulations. It is noteworthy that although VPA exposure induced attentional deficits in both sexes, there were task parameter specific sex differences. Importantly, we did not find evidence of impulsivity or motivational deficits in VPA rats but we did find reduced social preference, as well as sensorimotor deficits that suggest pre-attentional information processing impairments. Importantly, with fixed rules, graded difficulty levels, and more time, VPA rats could be successfully trained on the attentional task. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study examining attentional functions in a VPA model. Our work underscores the need for studying both sexes in ASD animal models and validates the use of the VPA model in the quest for mechanistic understanding of aberrant attentional functions and for evaluating suitable therapeutic targets. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1929–1944. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary We studied rats prenatally exposed to valproic acid (VPA), an established rodent model of autism. Both male and female VPA rats had a range of attentional impairments with sex-specific characteristics. Importantly, with fixed rules, graded difficulty levels, and more time, VPA rats could be successfully trained on the attentional task. Our work validates the use of the VPA model in the quest for evaluating suitable therapeutic targets for improving attentional performance. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1852 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=323

Executive function and functional and structural brain differences in middle-age adults with autism spectrum disorder / B. Blair BRADEN in Autism Research, 10-12 (December 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-12 (December 2017) . - p.1945-1959 Titre : Executive function and functional and structural brain differences in middle-age adults with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : B. Blair BRADEN, Auteur ; Christopher J. SMITH, Auteur ; Amiee THOMPSON, Auteur ; Tyler K. GLASPY, Auteur ; Emily WOOD, Auteur ; Divya VATSA, Auteur ; Angela E. ABBOTT, Auteur ; Samuel C. MCGEE, Auteur ; Leslie C. BAXTER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1945-1959 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  aging  executive function  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)  functional connectivity  diffusion tensor imaging  hippocampus  working memory Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There is a rapidly growing group of aging adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who may have unique needs, yet cognitive and brain function in older adults with ASD is understudied. We combined functional and structural neuroimaging and neuropsychological tests to examine differences between middle-aged men with ASD and matched neurotypical (NT) men. Participants (ASD, n?=?16; NT, n?=?17) aged 40–64 years were well-matched according to age, IQ (range: 83–131), and education (range: 9–20 years). Middle-age adults with ASD made more errors on an executive function task (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test) but performed similarly to NT adults on tests of delayed verbal memory (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test) and local visual search (Embedded Figures Task). Independent component analysis of a functional MRI working memory task (n-back) completed by most participants (ASD?=?14, NT?=?17) showed decreased engagement of a cortico-striatal-thalamic-cortical neural network in older adults with ASD. Structurally, older adults with ASD had reduced bilateral hippocampal volumes, as measured by FreeSurfer. Findings expand our understanding of ASD as a lifelong condition with persistent cognitive and functional and structural brain differences evident at middle-age. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1945–1959. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary We compared cognitive abilities and brain measures between 16 middle-age men with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and 17 typical middle-age men to better understand how aging affects an older group of adults with ASD. Men with ASD made more errors on a test involving flexible thinking, had less activity in a flexible thinking brain network, and had smaller volume of a brain structure related to memory than typical men. We will follow these older adults over time to determine if aging changes are greater for individuals with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1842 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=323 [article] Executive function and functional and structural brain differences in middle-age adults with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / B. Blair BRADEN, Auteur ; Christopher J. SMITH, Auteur ; Amiee THOMPSON, Auteur ; Tyler K. GLASPY, Auteur ; Emily WOOD, Auteur ; Divya VATSA, Auteur ; Angela E. ABBOTT, Auteur ; Samuel C. MCGEE, Auteur ; Leslie C. BAXTER, Auteur . - p.1945-1959. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-12 (December 2017) . - p.1945-1959 Mots-clés : autism  aging  executive function  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)  functional connectivity  diffusion tensor imaging  hippocampus  working memory Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There is a rapidly growing group of aging adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who may have unique needs, yet cognitive and brain function in older adults with ASD is understudied. We combined functional and structural neuroimaging and neuropsychological tests to examine differences between middle-aged men with ASD and matched neurotypical (NT) men. Participants (ASD, n?=?16; NT, n?=?17) aged 40–64 years were well-matched according to age, IQ (range: 83–131), and education (range: 9–20 years). Middle-age adults with ASD made more errors on an executive function task (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test) but performed similarly to NT adults on tests of delayed verbal memory (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test) and local visual search (Embedded Figures Task). Independent component analysis of a functional MRI working memory task (n-back) completed by most participants (ASD?=?14, NT?=?17) showed decreased engagement of a cortico-striatal-thalamic-cortical neural network in older adults with ASD. Structurally, older adults with ASD had reduced bilateral hippocampal volumes, as measured by FreeSurfer. Findings expand our understanding of ASD as a lifelong condition with persistent cognitive and functional and structural brain differences evident at middle-age. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1945–1959. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary We compared cognitive abilities and brain measures between 16 middle-age men with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and 17 typical middle-age men to better understand how aging affects an older group of adults with ASD. Men with ASD made more errors on a test involving flexible thinking, had less activity in a flexible thinking brain network, and had smaller volume of a brain structure related to memory than typical men. We will follow these older adults over time to determine if aging changes are greater for individuals with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1842 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=323

Normative data and psychometric properties of a farsi translation of the strange stories test / Zahra SHAHRIVAR in Autism Research, 10-12 (December 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-12 (December 2017) . - p.1960-1967 Titre : Normative data and psychometric properties of a farsi translation of the strange stories test Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Zahra SHAHRIVAR, Auteur ; Mehdi TEHRANI-DOOST, Auteur ; Anahita KHORRAMI BANARAKI, Auteur ; Azar MOHAMMADZADEH, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1960-1967 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : strange stories  theory of mind  reliability  validity  children Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background and objective The Strange Stories test is one of the most commonly used tests to evaluate advanced “theory of mind,” i.e. attribution of mental states. Normative data and psychometric properties of a new Farsi translation of this test were evaluated in a large community-based sample of Iranian school-aged children. Methods: Through randomized cluster sampling, 398 children aged 9–11 years studying at 20 elementary schools were recruited from 4 central regions of Tehran, Iran. The mean age of the students was 9.96 years (SD?=?0.92), and 51% were girls (n?=?202). The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) was completed by parents. The Strange Stories test was completed by all children and repeated for 20% of them after 2–4 weeks to assess the test-retest reliability. Findings: Students in upper grades had higher scores (P? En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1844 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=323 [article] Normative data and psychometric properties of a farsi translation of the strange stories test [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Zahra SHAHRIVAR, Auteur ; Mehdi TEHRANI-DOOST, Auteur ; Anahita KHORRAMI BANARAKI, Auteur ; Azar MOHAMMADZADEH, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur . - p.1960-1967. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-12 (December 2017) . - p.1960-1967 Mots-clés : strange stories  theory of mind  reliability  validity  children Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background and objective The Strange Stories test is one of the most commonly used tests to evaluate advanced “theory of mind,” i.e. attribution of mental states. Normative data and psychometric properties of a new Farsi translation of this test were evaluated in a large community-based sample of Iranian school-aged children. Methods: Through randomized cluster sampling, 398 children aged 9–11 years studying at 20 elementary schools were recruited from 4 central regions of Tehran, Iran. The mean age of the students was 9.96 years (SD?=?0.92), and 51% were girls (n?=?202). The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) was completed by parents. The Strange Stories test was completed by all children and repeated for 20% of them after 2–4 weeks to assess the test-retest reliability. Findings: Students in upper grades had higher scores (P? En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1844 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=323

Processing of co-reference in autism spectrum disorder / Philippa L. HOWARD in Autism Research, 10-12 (December 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-12 (December 2017) . - p.1968-1980 Titre : Processing of co-reference in autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Philippa L. HOWARD, Auteur ; Simon P. LIVERSEDGE, Auteur ; Valerie BENSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1968-1980 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : co-reference  discourse  eye movements  reading Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Accuracy for reading comprehension and inferencing tasks has previously been reported as reduced for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), relative to typically developing (TD) controls. In this study, we used an eye movements and reading paradigm to examine whether this difference in performance accuracy is underpinned by differences in the inferential work required to compute a co-referential link. Participants read two sentences that contained a category noun (e.g., bird) that was preceded by and co-referred to an exemplar that was either typical (e.g., pigeon) or atypical (e.g., penguin). Both TD and ASD participants showed an effect of typicality for gaze durations upon the category noun, with longer times being observed when the exemplar was atypical, in comparison to typical. No group differences or interactions were detected for target processing, and verbal language proficiency was found to predict general reading and inferential skill. The only difference between groups was that individuals with ASD engaged in more re-reading than TD participants. These data suggest that readers with ASD do not differ in the efficiency with which they compute anaphoric links on-line during reading. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1968–1980. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have previously been reported to have difficulties with reading comprehension. This study examined whether a difference in the speed with which individuals with ASD form connections between words (co-reference processing) may contribute to comprehension difficulties. No evidence was found to suggest that ASD readers differ to typically developing readers in the speed of co-reference processing. Therefore, this data would suggest that differences in co-reference processing are unlikely to account for reading comprehension difficulties in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1845 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=323 [article] Processing of co-reference in autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Philippa L. HOWARD, Auteur ; Simon P. LIVERSEDGE, Auteur ; Valerie BENSON, Auteur . - p.1968-1980. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-12 (December 2017) . - p.1968-1980 Mots-clés : co-reference  discourse  eye movements  reading Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Accuracy for reading comprehension and inferencing tasks has previously been reported as reduced for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), relative to typically developing (TD) controls. In this study, we used an eye movements and reading paradigm to examine whether this difference in performance accuracy is underpinned by differences in the inferential work required to compute a co-referential link. Participants read two sentences that contained a category noun (e.g., bird) that was preceded by and co-referred to an exemplar that was either typical (e.g., pigeon) or atypical (e.g., penguin). Both TD and ASD participants showed an effect of typicality for gaze durations upon the category noun, with longer times being observed when the exemplar was atypical, in comparison to typical. No group differences or interactions were detected for target processing, and verbal language proficiency was found to predict general reading and inferential skill. The only difference between groups was that individuals with ASD engaged in more re-reading than TD participants. These data suggest that readers with ASD do not differ in the efficiency with which they compute anaphoric links on-line during reading. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1968–1980. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have previously been reported to have difficulties with reading comprehension. This study examined whether a difference in the speed with which individuals with ASD form connections between words (co-reference processing) may contribute to comprehension difficulties. No evidence was found to suggest that ASD readers differ to typically developing readers in the speed of co-reference processing. Therefore, this data would suggest that differences in co-reference processing are unlikely to account for reading comprehension difficulties in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1845 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=323

Early autism symptoms in infants with tuberous sclerosis complex / Nicole M. MCDONALD in Autism Research, 10-12 (December 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-12 (December 2017) . - p.1981-1990 Titre : Early autism symptoms in infants with tuberous sclerosis complex Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Nicole M. MCDONALD, Auteur ; Kandice J. VARCIN, Auteur ; Rujuta BHATT, Auteur ; Joyce Y. WU, Auteur ; Mustafa SAHIN, Auteur ; Charles A. NELSON, Auteur ; Shafali S. JESTE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1981-1990 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : tuberous sclerosis complex  autism spectrum disorder  Autism Observation Scale for Infants  high-risk infants  early risk markers Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare, autosomal dominant genetic syndrome that confers significantly increased risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), with 50–60% of infants with TSC meeting criteria for ASD by 3 years of age. In a previous study of the current longitudinal cohort, we found that infants with TSC who develop ASD (TSC/ASD) evidence decreased cognitive abilities that diverge from infants with TSC and no ASD (TSC/no ASD). We extended this work by asking whether TSC/ASD infants (n?=?13) differed from TSC/no ASD infants (n?=?10) and infants with low developmental risk and no ASD (LR; n?=?21) in their social communication functioning during the first year of life. We measured early ASD symptoms with the Autism Observation Scale for Infants (AOSI) at 9 and 12 months of age. At both ages, infants in the TSC/ASD group had significantly higher AOSI total scores than infants in the TSC/no ASD and LR groups, which were not fully explained by differences in cognitive abilities. Several items on the AOSI at both ages were predictive of ASD outcome, particularly those representing core social communication deficits (e.g., social referencing). Our findings signal the need for further study of this population within the first year and provide strong justification for early identification and early intervention targeting social communication skills in infants with TSC. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1981–1990. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary We examined early signs of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in infants with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), approximately 50% of whom will meet criteria for ASD by age 3. Infants with TSC and ASD showed deficits in social communication behaviors by 9 months of age that were clearly distinguishable from behaviors in infants with TSC who do not develop ASD and low risk infants. Results support the importance of early ASD screening and intervention for infants with TSC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1846 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=323 [article] Early autism symptoms in infants with tuberous sclerosis complex [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Nicole M. MCDONALD, Auteur ; Kandice J. VARCIN, Auteur ; Rujuta BHATT, Auteur ; Joyce Y. WU, Auteur ; Mustafa SAHIN, Auteur ; Charles A. NELSON, Auteur ; Shafali S. JESTE, Auteur . - p.1981-1990. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-12 (December 2017) . - p.1981-1990 Mots-clés : tuberous sclerosis complex  autism spectrum disorder  Autism Observation Scale for Infants  high-risk infants  early risk markers Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare, autosomal dominant genetic syndrome that confers significantly increased risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), with 50–60% of infants with TSC meeting criteria for ASD by 3 years of age. In a previous study of the current longitudinal cohort, we found that infants with TSC who develop ASD (TSC/ASD) evidence decreased cognitive abilities that diverge from infants with TSC and no ASD (TSC/no ASD). We extended this work by asking whether TSC/ASD infants (n?=?13) differed from TSC/no ASD infants (n?=?10) and infants with low developmental risk and no ASD (LR; n?=?21) in their social communication functioning during the first year of life. We measured early ASD symptoms with the Autism Observation Scale for Infants (AOSI) at 9 and 12 months of age. At both ages, infants in the TSC/ASD group had significantly higher AOSI total scores than infants in the TSC/no ASD and LR groups, which were not fully explained by differences in cognitive abilities. Several items on the AOSI at both ages were predictive of ASD outcome, particularly those representing core social communication deficits (e.g., social referencing). Our findings signal the need for further study of this population within the first year and provide strong justification for early identification and early intervention targeting social communication skills in infants with TSC. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1981–1990. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary We examined early signs of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in infants with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), approximately 50% of whom will meet criteria for ASD by age 3. Infants with TSC and ASD showed deficits in social communication behaviors by 9 months of age that were clearly distinguishable from behaviors in infants with TSC who do not develop ASD and low risk infants. Results support the importance of early ASD screening and intervention for infants with TSC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1846 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=323

Production and perception of emotional prosody by adults with autism spectrum disorder / Daniel J. HUBBARD in Autism Research, 10-12 (December 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-12 (December 2017) . - p.1991-2001 Titre : Production and perception of emotional prosody by adults with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Daniel J. HUBBARD, Auteur ; Daniel J. FASO, Auteur ; Peter F. ASSMANN, Auteur ; Noah J. SASSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1991-2001 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  emotion  affective prosody  expressive speech  vocal affect  speech production  speech perception Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study examined production and perception of affective prosody by adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Previous research has reported increased pitch variability in talkers with ASD compared to typically developing (TD) controls in grammatical speaking tasks (e.g., comparing interrogative vs. declarative sentences), but it is unclear whether this pattern extends to emotional speech. In this study, speech recordings in five emotion contexts (angry, happy, interested, sad, and neutral) were obtained from 15 adult males with ASD and 15 controls (Experiment 1), and were later presented to 52 listeners (22 with ASD) who were asked to identify the emotion expressed and rate the level of naturalness of the emotion in each recording (Experiment 2). Compared to the TD group, talkers with ASD produced phrases with greater intensity, longer durations, and increased pitch range for all emotions except neutral, suggesting that their greater pitch variability was specific to emotional contexts. When asked to identify emotion from speech, both groups of listeners were more accurate at identifying the emotion context from speech produced by ASD speakers compared to TD speakers, but rated ASD emotional speech as sounding less natural. Collectively, these results reveal differences in emotional speech production in talkers with ASD that provide an acoustic basis for reported perceptions of oddness in the speech presentation of adults with ASD. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1991–2001. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary This study examined emotional speech communication produced and perceived by adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically-developing (TD) controls. Compared to the TD group, talkers with ASD produced emotional phrases that were louder, longer, and more variable in pitch. Both ASD and TD listeners were more accurate at identifying emotion in speech produced by ASD speakers compared to TD speakers, but rated ASD emotional speech as sounding less natural. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1847 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=323 [article] Production and perception of emotional prosody by adults with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Daniel J. HUBBARD, Auteur ; Daniel J. FASO, Auteur ; Peter F. ASSMANN, Auteur ; Noah J. SASSON, Auteur . - p.1991-2001. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-12 (December 2017) . - p.1991-2001 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  emotion  affective prosody  expressive speech  vocal affect  speech production  speech perception Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study examined production and perception of affective prosody by adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Previous research has reported increased pitch variability in talkers with ASD compared to typically developing (TD) controls in grammatical speaking tasks (e.g., comparing interrogative vs. declarative sentences), but it is unclear whether this pattern extends to emotional speech. In this study, speech recordings in five emotion contexts (angry, happy, interested, sad, and neutral) were obtained from 15 adult males with ASD and 15 controls (Experiment 1), and were later presented to 52 listeners (22 with ASD) who were asked to identify the emotion expressed and rate the level of naturalness of the emotion in each recording (Experiment 2). Compared to the TD group, talkers with ASD produced phrases with greater intensity, longer durations, and increased pitch range for all emotions except neutral, suggesting that their greater pitch variability was specific to emotional contexts. When asked to identify emotion from speech, both groups of listeners were more accurate at identifying the emotion context from speech produced by ASD speakers compared to TD speakers, but rated ASD emotional speech as sounding less natural. Collectively, these results reveal differences in emotional speech production in talkers with ASD that provide an acoustic basis for reported perceptions of oddness in the speech presentation of adults with ASD. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1991–2001. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary This study examined emotional speech communication produced and perceived by adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically-developing (TD) controls. Compared to the TD group, talkers with ASD produced emotional phrases that were louder, longer, and more variable in pitch. Both ASD and TD listeners were more accurate at identifying emotion in speech produced by ASD speakers compared to TD speakers, but rated ASD emotional speech as sounding less natural. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1847 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=323

Reading comprehension of ambiguous sentences by school-age children with autism spectrum disorder / Meghan M. DAVIDSON in Autism Research, 10-12 (December 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-12 (December 2017) . - p.2002-2022 Titre : Reading comprehension of ambiguous sentences by school-age children with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Meghan M. DAVIDSON, Auteur ; Susan ELLIS WEISMER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2002-2022 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ASD  reading  comprehension  weak central coherence  oral language  semantics  eye tracking Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Weak central coherence (processing details over gist), poor oral language abilities, poor suppression, semantic interference, and poor comprehension monitoring have all been implicated to affect reading comprehension in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study viewed the contributions of different supporting skills as a collective set of skills necessary for context integration—a multi-component view—to examine individual differences in reading comprehension in school-age children (8–14 years) with ASD (n?=?23) and typically developing control peers (n?=?23). Participants completed a written ambiguous sentence comprehension task in which participants had to integrate context to determine the correct homonym meaning via picture selection. Both comprehension products (i.e., offline representations after reading) and processes (i.e., online processing during reading) were evaluated. Results indicated that children with ASD, similar to their TD peers, integrated the context to access the correct homonym meanings while reading. However, after reading the sentences, when participants were asked to select the meanings, both groups experienced semantic interference between the two meanings. This semantic interference hindered the children with ASD's sentence representation to a greater degree than their peers. Individual differences in age/development, word recognition, vocabulary breadth (i.e., number of words in the lexicon), and vocabulary depth (i.e., knowledge of the homonym meanings) contributed to sentence comprehension in both children with ASD and their peers. Together, this evidence supports a multi-component view, and that helping children with ASD develop vocabulary depth may have cascading effects on their reading comprehension. Autism Res 2017, 10: 2002–2022. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary Like their peers, children with ASD were able to integrate context, or link words while reading sentences with ambiguous words (words with two meanings). After reading the sentences, both groups found it hard to pick the correct meaning of the ambiguous sentence and this decision was more difficult for the participants with ASD. Older children, children with better word reading abilities, and children with higher vocabularies were better at understanding ambiguous sentences. Helping children with ASD to develop richer vocabularies could be important for improving their reading comprehension. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1850 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=323 [article] Reading comprehension of ambiguous sentences by school-age children with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Meghan M. DAVIDSON, Auteur ; Susan ELLIS WEISMER, Auteur . - p.2002-2022. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-12 (December 2017) . - p.2002-2022 Mots-clés : ASD  reading  comprehension  weak central coherence  oral language  semantics  eye tracking Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Weak central coherence (processing details over gist), poor oral language abilities, poor suppression, semantic interference, and poor comprehension monitoring have all been implicated to affect reading comprehension in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study viewed the contributions of different supporting skills as a collective set of skills necessary for context integration—a multi-component view—to examine individual differences in reading comprehension in school-age children (8–14 years) with ASD (n?=?23) and typically developing control peers (n?=?23). Participants completed a written ambiguous sentence comprehension task in which participants had to integrate context to determine the correct homonym meaning via picture selection. Both comprehension products (i.e., offline representations after reading) and processes (i.e., online processing during reading) were evaluated. Results indicated that children with ASD, similar to their TD peers, integrated the context to access the correct homonym meanings while reading. However, after reading the sentences, when participants were asked to select the meanings, both groups experienced semantic interference between the two meanings. This semantic interference hindered the children with ASD's sentence representation to a greater degree than their peers. Individual differences in age/development, word recognition, vocabulary breadth (i.e., number of words in the lexicon), and vocabulary depth (i.e., knowledge of the homonym meanings) contributed to sentence comprehension in both children with ASD and their peers. Together, this evidence supports a multi-component view, and that helping children with ASD develop vocabulary depth may have cascading effects on their reading comprehension. Autism Res 2017, 10: 2002–2022. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary Like their peers, children with ASD were able to integrate context, or link words while reading sentences with ambiguous words (words with two meanings). After reading the sentences, both groups found it hard to pick the correct meaning of the ambiguous sentence and this decision was more difficult for the participants with ASD. Older children, children with better word reading abilities, and children with higher vocabularies were better at understanding ambiguous sentences. Helping children with ASD to develop richer vocabularies could be important for improving their reading comprehension. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1850 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=323

Toward the identification of adaptive functioning intervention targets for intellectually-able, transition-aged youth with autism: An examination of caregiver responses on the Vineland-II / Nicole L. MATTHEWS in Autism Research, 10-12 (December 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-12 (December 2017) . - p.2023-2036 Titre : Toward the identification of adaptive functioning intervention targets for intellectually-able, transition-aged youth with autism: An examination of caregiver responses on the Vineland-II Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Nicole L. MATTHEWS, Auteur ; Amanda MALLIGO, Auteur ; Christopher J. SMITH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2023-2036 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  adaptive functioning  cognitive functioning  Vineland-II  adolescence  adulthood Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Little is known about specific adaptive functioning impairments in intellectually-able individuals with autism spectrum disorder. In adolescents (n?=?22) and young adults (n?=?22) matched on composite IQ scores, this study examined profiles of cognitive and adaptive functioning, and caregiver responses on individual Vineland-II items. Adaptive functioning standard scores were significantly lower than IQ scores, and the adult group had significantly lower adaptive functioning standard scores than the adolescent group. Examination of caregiver responses to individual Vineland-II items identified more than 100 potential intervention targets. Differences favoring the adult group were observed on only 16 items across all three adaptive functioning domains, suggesting that little skill development is occurring during the transition to adulthood. Future research will examine the relevance of identified intervention targets to optimal outcomes. Autism Res 2017, 10: 2023–2036. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary Adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) without intellectual disability demonstrated impaired adaptive functioning skills (i.e., age appropriate skills necessary for independent living). Development of adaptive functioning skills appears to slow with age among individuals without intellectual disability. Findings clarify the specific adaptive functioning skills that transition-aged youth with ASD have difficulty completing independently and will inform the development of interventions to increase the likelihood of independent living in adulthood. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1855 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=323 [article] Toward the identification of adaptive functioning intervention targets for intellectually-able, transition-aged youth with autism: An examination of caregiver responses on the Vineland-II [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Nicole L. MATTHEWS, Auteur ; Amanda MALLIGO, Auteur ; Christopher J. SMITH, Auteur . - p.2023-2036. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-12 (December 2017) . - p.2023-2036 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  adaptive functioning  cognitive functioning  Vineland-II  adolescence  adulthood Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Little is known about specific adaptive functioning impairments in intellectually-able individuals with autism spectrum disorder. In adolescents (n?=?22) and young adults (n?=?22) matched on composite IQ scores, this study examined profiles of cognitive and adaptive functioning, and caregiver responses on individual Vineland-II items. Adaptive functioning standard scores were significantly lower than IQ scores, and the adult group had significantly lower adaptive functioning standard scores than the adolescent group. Examination of caregiver responses to individual Vineland-II items identified more than 100 potential intervention targets. Differences favoring the adult group were observed on only 16 items across all three adaptive functioning domains, suggesting that little skill development is occurring during the transition to adulthood. Future research will examine the relevance of identified intervention targets to optimal outcomes. Autism Res 2017, 10: 2023–2036. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary Adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) without intellectual disability demonstrated impaired adaptive functioning skills (i.e., age appropriate skills necessary for independent living). Development of adaptive functioning skills appears to slow with age among individuals without intellectual disability. Findings clarify the specific adaptive functioning skills that transition-aged youth with ASD have difficulty completing independently and will inform the development of interventions to increase the likelihood of independent living in adulthood. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1855 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=323

Psychiatric comorbidities and use of psychotropic medications in people with autism spectrum disorder in the United States / Richard HOUGHTON in Autism Research, 10-12 (December 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-12 (December 2017) . - p.2037-2047 Titre : Psychiatric comorbidities and use of psychotropic medications in people with autism spectrum disorder in the United States Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Richard HOUGHTON, Auteur ; Rose C. ONG, Auteur ; Federico BOLOGNANI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2037-2047 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  claims database  medicaid  psychiatric comorbidities  polypharmacy  psychotropic medications Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study investigated psychotropic medication usage in two large, cohorts of people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) throughout the calendar year 2014. The cohorts referred to individuals with commercial (employer-sponsored) and Medicaid insurance in the United States. We aimed to understand prescribing patterns of such medications across a wide age-range and in the presence/absence of other clinical and non-clinical characteristics, including psychiatric comorbidities. We described the prevalence and length of prescriptions by age, psychiatric comorbidity and overall. We also fitted multivariable logistic regression models to describe the relationship between treatments and subject characteristics simultaneously. Eighty percent of the identified population was male, although gender did not impact the odds of receiving medication. Medication use was strongly associated with age, increasing most rapidly before adulthood; generally plateauing thereafter. All psychiatric comorbidities studied also individually increased the chances of medication use, with epilepsy and ADHD having the highest associations in both the commercial (OR?>?7) and Medicaid (OR around 12) cohorts. Those in non-capitated insurance plans, in foster care and white individuals also had increased odds of prescriptions. Overall, slightly more Medicaid enrollees received any psychotropic treatment (commercial: 64%, Medicaid: 69%). Nonetheless in both cohorts, a large proportion of individuals received treatment even without a diagnosis of any other psychiatric comorbidity (commercial: 31%, Medicaid: 33%). In summary, this report sheds new light on the latest patterns of psychiatric comorbidity profile and psycho-pharmacological treatment patterns in ASD Autism Res 2017, 10: 2037–2047. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary this study identified a large number of children and adults in the US with autism spectrum disorder (autism) from employer-sponsored and government funded (Medicaid) health insurance data. Psychotropic medications were used by over two thirds of people, and four in ten people received two medications at the same time. The chances of receiving medication increased for individuals with other psychiatric conditions (e.g., ADHD), and also increased with age. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1848 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=323 [article] Psychiatric comorbidities and use of psychotropic medications in people with autism spectrum disorder in the United States [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Richard HOUGHTON, Auteur ; Rose C. ONG, Auteur ; Federico BOLOGNANI, Auteur . - p.2037-2047. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-12 (December 2017) . - p.2037-2047 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  claims database  medicaid  psychiatric comorbidities  polypharmacy  psychotropic medications Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study investigated psychotropic medication usage in two large, cohorts of people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) throughout the calendar year 2014. The cohorts referred to individuals with commercial (employer-sponsored) and Medicaid insurance in the United States. We aimed to understand prescribing patterns of such medications across a wide age-range and in the presence/absence of other clinical and non-clinical characteristics, including psychiatric comorbidities. We described the prevalence and length of prescriptions by age, psychiatric comorbidity and overall. We also fitted multivariable logistic regression models to describe the relationship between treatments and subject characteristics simultaneously. Eighty percent of the identified population was male, although gender did not impact the odds of receiving medication. Medication use was strongly associated with age, increasing most rapidly before adulthood; generally plateauing thereafter. All psychiatric comorbidities studied also individually increased the chances of medication use, with epilepsy and ADHD having the highest associations in both the commercial (OR?>?7) and Medicaid (OR around 12) cohorts. Those in non-capitated insurance plans, in foster care and white individuals also had increased odds of prescriptions. Overall, slightly more Medicaid enrollees received any psychotropic treatment (commercial: 64%, Medicaid: 69%). Nonetheless in both cohorts, a large proportion of individuals received treatment even without a diagnosis of any other psychiatric comorbidity (commercial: 31%, Medicaid: 33%). In summary, this report sheds new light on the latest patterns of psychiatric comorbidity profile and psycho-pharmacological treatment patterns in ASD Autism Res 2017, 10: 2037–2047. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary this study identified a large number of children and adults in the US with autism spectrum disorder (autism) from employer-sponsored and government funded (Medicaid) health insurance data. Psychotropic medications were used by over two thirds of people, and four in ten people received two medications at the same time. The chances of receiving medication increased for individuals with other psychiatric conditions (e.g., ADHD), and also increased with age. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1848 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=323

Sticking with it: Psychotherapy outcomes for adults with autism spectrum disorder in a university counseling center setting / Emily I. ANDERBERG in Autism Research, 10-12 (December 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-12 (December 2017) . - p.2048-2055 Titre : Sticking with it: Psychotherapy outcomes for adults with autism spectrum disorder in a university counseling center setting Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Emily I. ANDERBERG, Auteur ; Jonathan C. COX, Auteur ; E. Shannon NEELEY TASS, Auteur ; David M. EREKSON, Auteur ; Terisa P. GABRIELSEN, Auteur ; Jared S. WARREN, Auteur ; Jared CLINE, Auteur ; Devin PETERSEN, Auteur ; Mikle SOUTH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2048-2055 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  adults  psychotherapy counseling centers  treatment  outcomes Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Young adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) experience high rates of comorbid mental health concerns in addition to distress arising from the core symptoms of autism. Many adults with ASD seek psychological treatment in outpatient facilities in their communities that are not specifically geared toward individuals with ASD. However, few studies have looked at the effectiveness of standard psychotherapeutic care in adults with ASD. This study aimed to discover how individuals with ASD fare in psychotherapy within a college counseling setting, compared to their neurotypical peers. Clients with ASD (n?=?76) or possible ASD (n?=?91) were retrospectively identified from counseling center case notes. Data from the Outcome Questionnaire-45 (OQ) were retrieved for each therapy session as a measure of client distress. Clients with ASD showed no difference in level of distress at intake compared to their neurotypical peers (n?=?21,546), and improved about the same amount from pre- to post-treatment. However, students with ASD stayed in treatment for significantly more sessions than neurotypical clients, and took significantly longer to achieve maximum improvement on OQ reports. Results are discussed with implications for university and other community based treatment settings. Autism Res 2017, 10: 2048–2055. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary This study aimed to discover how individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) fare in psychotherapy within a university counseling setting, compared to their neurotypical peers. Clients with ASD showed no difference in level of distress at intake compared to their neurotypical peers, and improved about the same amount from pre- to post-treatment. However, students with ASD stayed in treatment for significantly more sessions than neurotypical clients, and took significantly longer to achieve maximum improvement on Outcome Questionnaire-45 reports. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1843 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=323 [article] Sticking with it: Psychotherapy outcomes for adults with autism spectrum disorder in a university counseling center setting [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Emily I. ANDERBERG, Auteur ; Jonathan C. COX, Auteur ; E. Shannon NEELEY TASS, Auteur ; David M. EREKSON, Auteur ; Terisa P. GABRIELSEN, Auteur ; Jared S. WARREN, Auteur ; Jared CLINE, Auteur ; Devin PETERSEN, Auteur ; Mikle SOUTH, Auteur . - p.2048-2055. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-12 (December 2017) . - p.2048-2055 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  adults  psychotherapy counseling centers  treatment  outcomes Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Young adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) experience high rates of comorbid mental health concerns in addition to distress arising from the core symptoms of autism. Many adults with ASD seek psychological treatment in outpatient facilities in their communities that are not specifically geared toward individuals with ASD. However, few studies have looked at the effectiveness of standard psychotherapeutic care in adults with ASD. This study aimed to discover how individuals with ASD fare in psychotherapy within a college counseling setting, compared to their neurotypical peers. Clients with ASD (n?=?76) or possible ASD (n?=?91) were retrospectively identified from counseling center case notes. Data from the Outcome Questionnaire-45 (OQ) were retrieved for each therapy session as a measure of client distress. Clients with ASD showed no difference in level of distress at intake compared to their neurotypical peers (n?=?21,546), and improved about the same amount from pre- to post-treatment. However, students with ASD stayed in treatment for significantly more sessions than neurotypical clients, and took significantly longer to achieve maximum improvement on OQ reports. Results are discussed with implications for university and other community based treatment settings. Autism Res 2017, 10: 2048–2055. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary This study aimed to discover how individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) fare in psychotherapy within a university counseling setting, compared to their neurotypical peers. Clients with ASD showed no difference in level of distress at intake compared to their neurotypical peers, and improved about the same amount from pre- to post-treatment. However, students with ASD stayed in treatment for significantly more sessions than neurotypical clients, and took significantly longer to achieve maximum improvement on Outcome Questionnaire-45 reports. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1843 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=323

Erratum to article “Mid-childhood outcomes of infant siblings at familial high-risk of autism spectrum disorder” Autism Research, 10 (3), 546–557 in Autism Research, 10-12 (December 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-12 (December 2017) . - p.2056-2057 Titre : Erratum to article “Mid-childhood outcomes of infant siblings at familial high-risk of autism spectrum disorder” Autism Research, 10 (3), 546–557 Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Article en page(s) : p.2056-2057 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1851 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=323 [article] Erratum to article “Mid-childhood outcomes of infant siblings at familial high-risk of autism spectrum disorder” Autism Research, 10 (3), 546–557 [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - p.2056-2057. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-12 (December 2017) . - p.2056-2057 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1851 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=323

INSAR President's Message – December 2017 in Autism Research, 10-12 (December 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-12 (December 2017) . - p.2058-2059 Titre : INSAR President's Message – December 2017 Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Article en page(s) : p.2058-2059 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1890 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=323 [article] INSAR President's Message – December 2017 [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - p.2058-2059. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-12 (December 2017) . - p.2058-2059 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1890 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=323