Antidepressant Prescribing Trends for Adults With and Without Autism in the United Kingdom From 1997 to 2023: A Population-Based Cohort Study Using Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum / Aws SADIK in Autism Research, 19-10 (October 2026)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 19-10 (October 2026) . - p.e70360 Titre : Antidepressant Prescribing Trends for Adults With and Without Autism in the United Kingdom From 1997 to 2023: A Population-Based Cohort Study Using Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Aws SADIK, Auteur ; Golam M. KHANDAKER, Auteur ; Antonio F. PARDIÑAS, Auteur ; Michael LUNDBERG, Auteur ; Brian K. LEE, Auteur ; Cecilia MAGNUSSON, Auteur ; Dheeraj RAI, Auteur ; Paul MADLEY-DOWD, Auteur Année de publication : 2026 Article en page(s) : p.e70360 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : antidepressive agents  anxiety  depression  pharmacoepidemiology  primary health care Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : ABSTRACT Antidepressant prescribing and autism diagnoses have increased in recent years. We aimed to describe and compare trends in antidepressant prescribing, indications, doses and durations in autistic and non-autistic males and females in the United Kingdom (UK) from 1997 to 2023. Using population-representative UK primary care records, we defined three autistic groups?autistic adults with intellectual disability (ID), autistic adults without ID and all autistic adults?and four non-autistic groups. In each calendar year we calculated: annual, lifetime and new antidepressant prescribing; indications for serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitor initiation; average doses prescribed for citalopram, fluoxetine, and sertraline; and the proportion of courses that lasted over 1, 2, and 3?years. We also repeated analyses with sex-stratification. In all, 34,173,295 non-autistic adults and 172,242 autistic adults were included (47,011 with ID and 125,231 without ID). 30% of autistic adults and 14.7% of non-autistic adults were prescribed an antidepressant in 2023. Prescriptions, doses and course durations increased over time for all groups. Prescriptions were highest in autistic adults without ID and females, whereas course durations were highest in autistic adults with ID. Recording of depression and anxiety as indications was lower for those with ID. Antidepressant prescribing has increased more for autistic adults than non-autistic adults since 1997, with more new starters, higher doses and longer course durations. This potentially increases the risk of adverse medication effects for autistic adults and emphasizes the need for stronger evidence around the effectiveness and tolerability of mental health interventions and the reasons for systematic differences in prescribing. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.70360 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=594 [article] Antidepressant Prescribing Trends for Adults With and Without Autism in the United Kingdom From 1997 to 2023: A Population-Based Cohort Study Using Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum [texte imprimé] / Aws SADIK, Auteur ; Golam M. KHANDAKER, Auteur ; Antonio F. PARDIÑAS, Auteur ; Michael LUNDBERG, Auteur ; Brian K. LEE, Auteur ; Cecilia MAGNUSSON, Auteur ; Dheeraj RAI, Auteur ; Paul MADLEY-DOWD, Auteur . - 2026 . - p.e70360. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 19-10 (October 2026) . - p.e70360 Mots-clés : antidepressive agents  anxiety  depression  pharmacoepidemiology  primary health care Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : ABSTRACT Antidepressant prescribing and autism diagnoses have increased in recent years. We aimed to describe and compare trends in antidepressant prescribing, indications, doses and durations in autistic and non-autistic males and females in the United Kingdom (UK) from 1997 to 2023. Using population-representative UK primary care records, we defined three autistic groups?autistic adults with intellectual disability (ID), autistic adults without ID and all autistic adults?and four non-autistic groups. In each calendar year we calculated: annual, lifetime and new antidepressant prescribing; indications for serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitor initiation; average doses prescribed for citalopram, fluoxetine, and sertraline; and the proportion of courses that lasted over 1, 2, and 3?years. We also repeated analyses with sex-stratification. In all, 34,173,295 non-autistic adults and 172,242 autistic adults were included (47,011 with ID and 125,231 without ID). 30% of autistic adults and 14.7% of non-autistic adults were prescribed an antidepressant in 2023. Prescriptions, doses and course durations increased over time for all groups. Prescriptions were highest in autistic adults without ID and females, whereas course durations were highest in autistic adults with ID. Recording of depression and anxiety as indications was lower for those with ID. Antidepressant prescribing has increased more for autistic adults than non-autistic adults since 1997, with more new starters, higher doses and longer course durations. This potentially increases the risk of adverse medication effects for autistic adults and emphasizes the need for stronger evidence around the effectiveness and tolerability of mental health interventions and the reasons for systematic differences in prescribing. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.70360 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=594

Anxiety Disorders in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Population-Based Study / Victoria NIMMO-SMITH in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50-1 (January 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 50-1 (January 2020) . - p.308-318 Titre : Anxiety Disorders in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Population-Based Study Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Victoria NIMMO-SMITH, Auteur ; Hein HEUVELMAN, Auteur ; Christina DALMAN, Auteur ; Michael LUNDBERG, Auteur ; Selma IDRING, Auteur ; Peter CARPENTER, Auteur ; Cecilia MAGNUSSON, Auteur ; Dheeraj RAI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.308-318 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Anxiety  Autism spectrum disorder  Epidemiology  Intellectual disability  Mental health Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Anxiety is common in children with ASD; however, the burden of specific anxiety disorders for adults with ASD is under-researched. Using the Stockholm Youth Cohort, we compared anxiety disorder diagnoses among autistic adults (n = 4049), with or without intellectual disability, and population controls (n = 217,645). We conducted additional sibling analyses. Anxiety disorders were diagnosed in 20.1% of adults with ASD compared with 8.7% of controls (RR = 2.62 [95% CI 2.47-2.79]), with greatest risk for autistic people without intellectual disability. Rates of almost all individual anxiety disorders were raised, notably obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobic anxiety disorders. Anxiety disorders were more common in full siblings and half-siblings of people with ASD. The implications of this are explored. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04234-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=414 [article] Anxiety Disorders in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Population-Based Study [texte imprimé] / Victoria NIMMO-SMITH, Auteur ; Hein HEUVELMAN, Auteur ; Christina DALMAN, Auteur ; Michael LUNDBERG, Auteur ; Selma IDRING, Auteur ; Peter CARPENTER, Auteur ; Cecilia MAGNUSSON, Auteur ; Dheeraj RAI, Auteur . - p.308-318. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 50-1 (January 2020) . - p.308-318 Mots-clés : Anxiety  Autism spectrum disorder  Epidemiology  Intellectual disability  Mental health Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Anxiety is common in children with ASD; however, the burden of specific anxiety disorders for adults with ASD is under-researched. Using the Stockholm Youth Cohort, we compared anxiety disorder diagnoses among autistic adults (n = 4049), with or without intellectual disability, and population controls (n = 217,645). We conducted additional sibling analyses. Anxiety disorders were diagnosed in 20.1% of adults with ASD compared with 8.7% of controls (RR = 2.62 [95% CI 2.47-2.79]), with greatest risk for autistic people without intellectual disability. Rates of almost all individual anxiety disorders were raised, notably obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobic anxiety disorders. Anxiety disorders were more common in full siblings and half-siblings of people with ASD. The implications of this are explored. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04234-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=414

Brief Report: Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Autism Spectrum Disorders / Brian K. LEE in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42-9 (September 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 42-9 (September 2012) . - p.2000-2005 Titre : Brief Report: Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Autism Spectrum Disorders Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Brian K. LEE, Auteur ; Renee M. GARDNER, Auteur ; Henrik DAL, Auteur ; Anna SVENSSON, Auteur ; Maria Rosaria GALANTI, Auteur ; Dheeraj RAI, Auteur ; Christina DALMAN, Auteur ; Cecilia MAGNUSSON, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.2000-2005 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Population register  Smoking  Sweden  Tobacco Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke is suggested as a potential risk factor for autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Previous epidemiological studies of this topic have yielded mixed findings. We performed a case–control study of 3,958 ASD cases and 38,983 controls nested in a large register-based cohort in Sweden. ASD case status was measured using a multisource case ascertainment system. In adjusted results, we found that maternal smoking during pregnancy is not associated with increased risk of ASD regardless of presence or absence of comorbid intellectual disability. Apparent associations were attributable to confounding by sociodemographic characteristics of parents such as education, income, and occupation. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1425-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=180 [article] Brief Report: Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Autism Spectrum Disorders [texte imprimé] / Brian K. LEE, Auteur ; Renee M. GARDNER, Auteur ; Henrik DAL, Auteur ; Anna SVENSSON, Auteur ; Maria Rosaria GALANTI, Auteur ; Dheeraj RAI, Auteur ; Christina DALMAN, Auteur ; Cecilia MAGNUSSON, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.2000-2005. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 42-9 (September 2012) . - p.2000-2005 Mots-clés : Autism  Population register  Smoking  Sweden  Tobacco Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke is suggested as a potential risk factor for autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Previous epidemiological studies of this topic have yielded mixed findings. We performed a case–control study of 3,958 ASD cases and 38,983 controls nested in a large register-based cohort in Sweden. ASD case status was measured using a multisource case ascertainment system. In adjusted results, we found that maternal smoking during pregnancy is not associated with increased risk of ASD regardless of presence or absence of comorbid intellectual disability. Apparent associations were attributable to confounding by sociodemographic characteristics of parents such as education, income, and occupation. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1425-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=180

Changes in Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders in 2001–2011: Findings from the Stockholm Youth Cohort / Selma IDRING in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45-6 (June 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 45-6 (June 2015) . - p.1766-1773 Titre : Changes in Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders in 2001–2011: Findings from the Stockholm Youth Cohort Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Selma IDRING, Auteur ; Michael LUNDBERG, Auteur ; Harald STURM, Auteur ; Christina DALMAN, Auteur ; Clara GUMPERT, Auteur ; Dheeraj RAI, Auteur ; Brian K. LEE, Auteur ; Cecilia MAGNUSSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1766-1773 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders  Intellectual disability  Prevalence  Time trend  Stockholm  Sweden Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In a record-linkage study in Stockholm, Sweden, the year 2011 prevalence of diagnosed autism spectrum disorders (ASD) was found to be 0.40, 1.74, 2.46, and 1.76 % among 0–5, 6–12, 13–17, and 18–27 year olds, respectively. The corresponding proportion of cases with a recorded diagnosis of intellectual disability was 17.4, 22.1, 26.1 and 29.4 %. Between 2001 and 2011, ASD prevalence increased almost 3.5 fold among children aged 2–17 years. The increase was mainly accounted for by an eightfold increase of ASD without intellectual disability (from 0.14 to 1.10 %), while the prevalence of ASD with intellectual disability increased only slightly (from 0.28 to 0.34 %). The increase in ASD prevalence is likely contributed to by extrinsic factors such as increased awareness and diagnostics. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2336-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=259 [article] Changes in Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders in 2001–2011: Findings from the Stockholm Youth Cohort [texte imprimé] / Selma IDRING, Auteur ; Michael LUNDBERG, Auteur ; Harald STURM, Auteur ; Christina DALMAN, Auteur ; Clara GUMPERT, Auteur ; Dheeraj RAI, Auteur ; Brian K. LEE, Auteur ; Cecilia MAGNUSSON, Auteur . - p.1766-1773. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 45-6 (June 2015) . - p.1766-1773 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders  Intellectual disability  Prevalence  Time trend  Stockholm  Sweden Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In a record-linkage study in Stockholm, Sweden, the year 2011 prevalence of diagnosed autism spectrum disorders (ASD) was found to be 0.40, 1.74, 2.46, and 1.76 % among 0–5, 6–12, 13–17, and 18–27 year olds, respectively. The corresponding proportion of cases with a recorded diagnosis of intellectual disability was 17.4, 22.1, 26.1 and 29.4 %. Between 2001 and 2011, ASD prevalence increased almost 3.5 fold among children aged 2–17 years. The increase was mainly accounted for by an eightfold increase of ASD without intellectual disability (from 0.14 to 1.10 %), while the prevalence of ASD with intellectual disability increased only slightly (from 0.28 to 0.34 %). The increase in ASD prevalence is likely contributed to by extrinsic factors such as increased awareness and diagnostics. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2336-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=259

Changes in the prevalence of intellectual disability among 10-year-old children in Sweden during 2011 through 2021: a total population study / Maki MORINAGA in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 16 (2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 16 (2024) Titre : Changes in the prevalence of intellectual disability among 10-year-old children in Sweden during 2011 through 2021: a total population study Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Maki MORINAGA, Auteur ; Viktor H. AHLQVIST, Auteur ; Michael LUNDBERG, Auteur ; Anna-Clara HOLLANDER, Auteur ; Dheeraj RAI, Auteur ; Cecilia MAGNUSSON, Auteur Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Humans  Sweden/epidemiology  Intellectual Disability/epidemiology  Female  Male  Prevalence  Child  Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/epidemiology  Comorbidity  Registries  Autistic Disorder/epidemiology  Cohort Studies  Autism spectrum disorder  Epidemiology  Intellectual disability  Low birth weight  Prematurity  Sociodemographic factors Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Recent studies have suggested an increasing prevalence of intellectual disability diagnoses in some countries. Our aim was to describe the trend in the prevalence of intellectual disability diagnoses in Sweden and explore whether associated sociodemographic and perinatal factors can explain changes in the prevalence. METHODS: We used a register-based nationwide cohort of residents in Sweden born between 2001 and 2011. We calculated the prevalence of intellectual disability diagnoses by age 10 for each birth cohort and the prevalence ratios in relation to the baseline year 2011, overall and by severity of intellectual disability, and comorbidity of autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The prevalence ratios were stratified and adjusted for associated sociodemographic and perinatal factors. RESULTS: Among 1,096,800 individuals, 8,577 were diagnosed with intellectual disability by age 10. Among these, 3,949 (46%) and 2,768 (32%) were also diagnosed with autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, respectively, and 4% were diagnosed with profound, 8% severe, 20% moderate, 52% mild, and 16% other/unspecific intellectual disability. The recorded age-10 prevalence of intellectual disability diagnoses increased from 0.64% (95% confidence interval 0.59-0.69%) in 2011 to 1.00% (0.94-1.06%) in 2021, corresponding to an annual prevalence ratio of 1.04 (1.04-1.05). The increase was, however, restricted to mild, moderate, and other/unspecific intellectual disability diagnoses, while the trends for profound and severe intellectual disability diagnoses were stable. The increasing trend was perhaps less pronounced among females and children with diagnosed attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, but independent of the co-occurrence of autism. The prevalence ratios did not change with stratification or adjustment for other associated demographic and perinatal factors. CONCLUSION: The recorded prevalence of diagnosed mild and moderate intellectual disability among 10-year-olds in Sweden has increased over the recent decade. This increase could not be explained by changes in associated sociodemographic or perinatal factors, including birth weight, gestational age, and parental age, migration status, and education at the child's birth. The increase instead may be due to changes in diagnostic practices in Sweden over time. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-024-09576-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=576 [article] Changes in the prevalence of intellectual disability among 10-year-old children in Sweden during 2011 through 2021: a total population study [texte imprimé] / Maki MORINAGA, Auteur ; Viktor H. AHLQVIST, Auteur ; Michael LUNDBERG, Auteur ; Anna-Clara HOLLANDER, Auteur ; Dheeraj RAI, Auteur ; Cecilia MAGNUSSON, Auteur. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 16 (2024) Mots-clés : Humans  Sweden/epidemiology  Intellectual Disability/epidemiology  Female  Male  Prevalence  Child  Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/epidemiology  Comorbidity  Registries  Autistic Disorder/epidemiology  Cohort Studies  Autism spectrum disorder  Epidemiology  Intellectual disability  Low birth weight  Prematurity  Sociodemographic factors Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Recent studies have suggested an increasing prevalence of intellectual disability diagnoses in some countries. Our aim was to describe the trend in the prevalence of intellectual disability diagnoses in Sweden and explore whether associated sociodemographic and perinatal factors can explain changes in the prevalence. METHODS: We used a register-based nationwide cohort of residents in Sweden born between 2001 and 2011. We calculated the prevalence of intellectual disability diagnoses by age 10 for each birth cohort and the prevalence ratios in relation to the baseline year 2011, overall and by severity of intellectual disability, and comorbidity of autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The prevalence ratios were stratified and adjusted for associated sociodemographic and perinatal factors. RESULTS: Among 1,096,800 individuals, 8,577 were diagnosed with intellectual disability by age 10. Among these, 3,949 (46%) and 2,768 (32%) were also diagnosed with autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, respectively, and 4% were diagnosed with profound, 8% severe, 20% moderate, 52% mild, and 16% other/unspecific intellectual disability. The recorded age-10 prevalence of intellectual disability diagnoses increased from 0.64% (95% confidence interval 0.59-0.69%) in 2011 to 1.00% (0.94-1.06%) in 2021, corresponding to an annual prevalence ratio of 1.04 (1.04-1.05). The increase was, however, restricted to mild, moderate, and other/unspecific intellectual disability diagnoses, while the trends for profound and severe intellectual disability diagnoses were stable. The increasing trend was perhaps less pronounced among females and children with diagnosed attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, but independent of the co-occurrence of autism. The prevalence ratios did not change with stratification or adjustment for other associated demographic and perinatal factors. CONCLUSION: The recorded prevalence of diagnosed mild and moderate intellectual disability among 10-year-olds in Sweden has increased over the recent decade. This increase could not be explained by changes in associated sociodemographic or perinatal factors, including birth weight, gestational age, and parental age, migration status, and education at the child's birth. The increase instead may be due to changes in diagnostic practices in Sweden over time. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-024-09576-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=576

Completion of Upper Secondary Mainstream School in Autistic Students in Sweden / Isidora STARK in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 55-10 (October 2025)  

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Maternal hirsutism and autism spectrum disorders in offspring / Brian K. LEE in Autism Research, 10-9 (September 2017)  

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Qualification for upper secondary education in individuals with autism without intellectual disability: Total population study, Stockholm, Sweden / Isidora STARK in Autism, 25-4 (May 2021)  

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The Familial Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder with and without Intellectual Disability / Sherlly XIE in Autism Research, 13-12 (December 2020)  

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