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Early Life Antibiotic Exposure and the Subsequent Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis / Hai-Ying YU in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52-5 (May 2022)
[article]
Titre : Early Life Antibiotic Exposure and the Subsequent Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Hai-Ying YU, Auteur ; Yuan-Yue ZHOU, Auteur ; Li-Ya PAN, Auteur ; Xue ZHANG, Auteur ; Hai-Yin JIANG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2236-2246 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/epidemiology Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications/etiology Humans Siblings Infection Neurodevelopment Risk Systematic Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study was conducted to assess this association between early life antibiotic exposure and the risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in later life. The results showed that early life antibiotic exposure was associated with an increased risk of ASD (OR=1.13, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07-1.21) or ADHD (OR=1.18, 95% CI: 1.1-1.27). However, this association for ASD (OR=1.04, 95% CI: 0.97-1.11) or ADHD (OR=0.98, 95% CI: 0.94-1.02) disappeared when data from sibling-matched studies were pooled. The statistically significant association between early life antibiotic exposure and ASD or ADHD in later life can be partially explained by unmeasured genetic and familial confounding factors. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05121-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=476
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 52-5 (May 2022) . - p.2236-2246[article] Early Life Antibiotic Exposure and the Subsequent Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Hai-Ying YU, Auteur ; Yuan-Yue ZHOU, Auteur ; Li-Ya PAN, Auteur ; Xue ZHANG, Auteur ; Hai-Yin JIANG, Auteur . - p.2236-2246.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 52-5 (May 2022) . - p.2236-2246
Mots-clés : Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/epidemiology Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications/etiology Humans Siblings Infection Neurodevelopment Risk Systematic Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study was conducted to assess this association between early life antibiotic exposure and the risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in later life. The results showed that early life antibiotic exposure was associated with an increased risk of ASD (OR=1.13, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07-1.21) or ADHD (OR=1.18, 95% CI: 1.1-1.27). However, this association for ASD (OR=1.04, 95% CI: 0.97-1.11) or ADHD (OR=0.98, 95% CI: 0.94-1.02) disappeared when data from sibling-matched studies were pooled. The statistically significant association between early life antibiotic exposure and ASD or ADHD in later life can be partially explained by unmeasured genetic and familial confounding factors. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05121-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=476 Impact of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder comorbidity on longitudinal course in Internet gaming disorder: a 3-year clinical cohort study / J. LEE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 62-9 (September 2021)
[article]
Titre : Impact of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder comorbidity on longitudinal course in Internet gaming disorder: a 3-year clinical cohort study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : J. LEE, Auteur ; S. BAE, Auteur ; B. N. KIM, Auteur ; D. H. HAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1110-1119 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/epidemiology Cohort Studies Comorbidity Humans Internet Internet Addiction Disorder Video Games ADHD comorbidity Internet gaming disorder clinical course Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Although attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms were identified as a key risk factor for Internet gaming disorder (IGD), the effect of ADHD comorbidity on longitudinal course of IGD in the clinical population remains to be further examined. This study aimed to investigate whether ADHD comorbidity in IGD patients affects the recovery, recurrence rates, and trajectories of IGD symptoms, and examine the relationship between the changes in IGD and ADHD symptoms. METHODS: The study included 128 IGD patients without any psychiatric comorbidities (pure-IGD group) and 127 IGD patients with comorbid ADHD (ADHD-IGD group) aged 11 to 42 years. IGD and ADHD were diagnosed according to DSM-5 criteria at enrollment. Participants were offered 8-week treatment with additional care provided as needed and followed up over a 3-year period. IGD diagnosis was reassessed annually and used as a dichotomous outcome. The severity of IGD and ADHD symptoms was measured using the Young Internet Addiction Scale and the Korean ADHD rating scale, respectively, at baseline and each annual follow-up. RESULTS: The recovery rates of IGD by Year 3 were 60% and 93% in ADHD-IGD and in pure-IGD groups, respectively. The ADHD-IGD group showed lower rates of recovery, higher odds of recurrence within 1 year, and higher severity of IGD symptoms over time than the pure-IGD group. Family environment was also associated with the trajectories of IGD symptoms. The changes in ADHD symptoms were significantly associated with the changes in IGD symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that ADHD comorbidity in IGD patients was associated with poor clinical course of IGD and that the changes in ADHD symptoms were associated with the changes in IGD symptoms over time. Our findings suggest that evaluation and treatment of ADHD symptoms and family environment in IGD patients may be important in improving the prognosis of IGD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13380 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=456
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 62-9 (September 2021) . - p.1110-1119[article] Impact of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder comorbidity on longitudinal course in Internet gaming disorder: a 3-year clinical cohort study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / J. LEE, Auteur ; S. BAE, Auteur ; B. N. KIM, Auteur ; D. H. HAN, Auteur . - p.1110-1119.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 62-9 (September 2021) . - p.1110-1119
Mots-clés : Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/epidemiology Cohort Studies Comorbidity Humans Internet Internet Addiction Disorder Video Games ADHD comorbidity Internet gaming disorder clinical course Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Although attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms were identified as a key risk factor for Internet gaming disorder (IGD), the effect of ADHD comorbidity on longitudinal course of IGD in the clinical population remains to be further examined. This study aimed to investigate whether ADHD comorbidity in IGD patients affects the recovery, recurrence rates, and trajectories of IGD symptoms, and examine the relationship between the changes in IGD and ADHD symptoms. METHODS: The study included 128 IGD patients without any psychiatric comorbidities (pure-IGD group) and 127 IGD patients with comorbid ADHD (ADHD-IGD group) aged 11 to 42 years. IGD and ADHD were diagnosed according to DSM-5 criteria at enrollment. Participants were offered 8-week treatment with additional care provided as needed and followed up over a 3-year period. IGD diagnosis was reassessed annually and used as a dichotomous outcome. The severity of IGD and ADHD symptoms was measured using the Young Internet Addiction Scale and the Korean ADHD rating scale, respectively, at baseline and each annual follow-up. RESULTS: The recovery rates of IGD by Year 3 were 60% and 93% in ADHD-IGD and in pure-IGD groups, respectively. The ADHD-IGD group showed lower rates of recovery, higher odds of recurrence within 1 year, and higher severity of IGD symptoms over time than the pure-IGD group. Family environment was also associated with the trajectories of IGD symptoms. The changes in ADHD symptoms were significantly associated with the changes in IGD symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that ADHD comorbidity in IGD patients was associated with poor clinical course of IGD and that the changes in ADHD symptoms were associated with the changes in IGD symptoms over time. Our findings suggest that evaluation and treatment of ADHD symptoms and family environment in IGD patients may be important in improving the prognosis of IGD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13380 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=456 Maternal and cord plasma branched-chain amino acids and child risk of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a prospective birth cohort study / N. S. ANAND in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 62-7 (July 2021)
[article]
Titre : Maternal and cord plasma branched-chain amino acids and child risk of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a prospective birth cohort study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : N. S. ANAND, Auteur ; Y. JI, Auteur ; G. WANG, Auteur ; X. HONG, Auteur ; M. VAN DER RIJN, Auteur ; A. RILEY, Auteur ; C. PEARSON, Auteur ; Barry S. ZUCKERMAN, Auteur ; X. WANG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.868-875 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Amino Acids, Branched-Chain Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/epidemiology Child Cohort Studies Female Humans Infant, Newborn Pregnancy Premature Birth Prospective Studies Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder branched-chain amino acids cord blood metabolome Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA: leucine, isoleucine, and valine) are essential amino acids involved in biological functions of brain development and recently linked with autism. However, their role in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is not well-studied. We investigated individual and combined relationships of maternal plasma and newborn cord plasma BCAAs with childhood development of ADHD. METHODS: We utilized the Boston Birth Cohort, a predominantly urban, low-income, US minority population. Child developmental outcomes were defined in three mutually exclusive groups - ADHD, neurotypical (NT), or other developmental disabilities based on physician diagnoses per ICD-9 or 10 in medical records. The final sample included 626 children (299 ADHD, 327 NT) excluding other developmental disabilities. BCAAs were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. We used factor analysis to create composite scores of maternal and cord BCAA, which we divided into tertiles. Logistic regressions analyzed relationships between maternal or cord BCAA tertiles with child ADHD risk, controlling for maternal race, age, parity, smoking, education, low birth weight, preterm birth, and child sex. Additionally, we analyzed maternal and cord plasma BCAAs jointly on child ADHD risk. RESULTS: Adjusted logistic regression found significantly increased odds of child ADHD diagnosis for the second (OR 1.63, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.54, p = .032) and third tertiles (OR 2.01, 95% CI: 1.28, 3.15, p = .002) of cord BCAA scores compared to the first tertile. This finding held for the third tertile when further adjusting for maternal BCAA score. There was no significant association between maternal BCAA score and child ADHD risk, nor a significant interaction between maternal and cord BCAA scores. CONCLUSIONS: In this prospective US birth cohort, higher cord BCAA levels were associated with a greater risk of developing ADHD in childhood. These results have implications for further research into mechanisms of ADHD development and possible early life screening and interventions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13332 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=456
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 62-7 (July 2021) . - p.868-875[article] Maternal and cord plasma branched-chain amino acids and child risk of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a prospective birth cohort study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / N. S. ANAND, Auteur ; Y. JI, Auteur ; G. WANG, Auteur ; X. HONG, Auteur ; M. VAN DER RIJN, Auteur ; A. RILEY, Auteur ; C. PEARSON, Auteur ; Barry S. ZUCKERMAN, Auteur ; X. WANG, Auteur . - p.868-875.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 62-7 (July 2021) . - p.868-875
Mots-clés : Amino Acids, Branched-Chain Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/epidemiology Child Cohort Studies Female Humans Infant, Newborn Pregnancy Premature Birth Prospective Studies Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder branched-chain amino acids cord blood metabolome Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA: leucine, isoleucine, and valine) are essential amino acids involved in biological functions of brain development and recently linked with autism. However, their role in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is not well-studied. We investigated individual and combined relationships of maternal plasma and newborn cord plasma BCAAs with childhood development of ADHD. METHODS: We utilized the Boston Birth Cohort, a predominantly urban, low-income, US minority population. Child developmental outcomes were defined in three mutually exclusive groups - ADHD, neurotypical (NT), or other developmental disabilities based on physician diagnoses per ICD-9 or 10 in medical records. The final sample included 626 children (299 ADHD, 327 NT) excluding other developmental disabilities. BCAAs were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. We used factor analysis to create composite scores of maternal and cord BCAA, which we divided into tertiles. Logistic regressions analyzed relationships between maternal or cord BCAA tertiles with child ADHD risk, controlling for maternal race, age, parity, smoking, education, low birth weight, preterm birth, and child sex. Additionally, we analyzed maternal and cord plasma BCAAs jointly on child ADHD risk. RESULTS: Adjusted logistic regression found significantly increased odds of child ADHD diagnosis for the second (OR 1.63, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.54, p = .032) and third tertiles (OR 2.01, 95% CI: 1.28, 3.15, p = .002) of cord BCAA scores compared to the first tertile. This finding held for the third tertile when further adjusting for maternal BCAA score. There was no significant association between maternal BCAA score and child ADHD risk, nor a significant interaction between maternal and cord BCAA scores. CONCLUSIONS: In this prospective US birth cohort, higher cord BCAA levels were associated with a greater risk of developing ADHD in childhood. These results have implications for further research into mechanisms of ADHD development and possible early life screening and interventions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13332 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=456 Sex differences in parent-offspring recurrence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder / B. S. SOLBERG in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 62-8 (August 2021)
[article]
Titre : Sex differences in parent-offspring recurrence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : B. S. SOLBERG, Auteur ; T. A. HEGVIK, Auteur ; A. HALMØY, Auteur ; R. SKJAERVEN, Auteur ; A. ENGELAND, Auteur ; J. HAAVIK, Auteur ; K. KLUNGSØYR, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1010-1018 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/epidemiology Depressive Disorder, Major Fathers Female Humans Male Norway/epidemiology Parents Risk Factors Sex Characteristics Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder epidemiology intergenerational recurrence risk parent-of-origin sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorder sharing genetic risk factors with other common psychiatric disorders. However, intergenerational recurrence patterns of ADHD from parents to sons and daughters are not known. We aimed to examine the risk of ADHD in offspring of parents with ADHD and parents with other psychiatric disorders by parental and offspring sex, using parents without the specific disorders as comparison. METHODS: In a generation study linking data from several population-based registries, all Norwegians born 1967-2011 (n = 2,486,088; Medical Birth Registry of Norway) and their parents were followed to 2015. To estimate intergenerational recurrence risk, we calculated prevalence differences (PD) and the relative risk (RR) of ADHD in offspring by parental ADHD, bipolar disorder (BD), schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SCZ), major depression (MDD), all by parental and offspring sex. RESULTS: The absolute prevalence of ADHD in offspring of parents with ADHD was very high, especially in sons of two affected parents (41.5% and 25.1% in sons and daughters, respectively), and far higher than in offspring of parents with BD, SCZ or MDD. Intergenerational recurrence risks were higher for maternal than paternal ADHD (RR(maternal) 8.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 8.2-8.6 vs. RR(paternal) 6.2, 6.0-6.4) and this was also true on the absolute scale (PD(maternal) 21.1% (20.5-21.7) vs. PD(paternal) 14.8% (14.3-15.4)). RRs were higher in daughters, while PDs higher in sons. Parental SCZ, BD and MDD were associated with an approximately doubled risk of offspring ADHD compared to parents without the respective disorders, and estimates did not differ significantly between daughters and sons. CONCLUSIONS: The intergenerational recurrence risks of ADHD were high and higher from mothers with ADHD than fathers with ADHD. Other parental psychiatric disorders also conferred increased risk of offspring ADHD, but far lower, indicating a sex- and diagnosis-specific intergenerational recurrence risk in parents with ADHD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13368 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=456
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 62-8 (August 2021) . - p.1010-1018[article] Sex differences in parent-offspring recurrence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / B. S. SOLBERG, Auteur ; T. A. HEGVIK, Auteur ; A. HALMØY, Auteur ; R. SKJAERVEN, Auteur ; A. ENGELAND, Auteur ; J. HAAVIK, Auteur ; K. KLUNGSØYR, Auteur . - p.1010-1018.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 62-8 (August 2021) . - p.1010-1018
Mots-clés : Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/epidemiology Depressive Disorder, Major Fathers Female Humans Male Norway/epidemiology Parents Risk Factors Sex Characteristics Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder epidemiology intergenerational recurrence risk parent-of-origin sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorder sharing genetic risk factors with other common psychiatric disorders. However, intergenerational recurrence patterns of ADHD from parents to sons and daughters are not known. We aimed to examine the risk of ADHD in offspring of parents with ADHD and parents with other psychiatric disorders by parental and offspring sex, using parents without the specific disorders as comparison. METHODS: In a generation study linking data from several population-based registries, all Norwegians born 1967-2011 (n = 2,486,088; Medical Birth Registry of Norway) and their parents were followed to 2015. To estimate intergenerational recurrence risk, we calculated prevalence differences (PD) and the relative risk (RR) of ADHD in offspring by parental ADHD, bipolar disorder (BD), schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SCZ), major depression (MDD), all by parental and offspring sex. RESULTS: The absolute prevalence of ADHD in offspring of parents with ADHD was very high, especially in sons of two affected parents (41.5% and 25.1% in sons and daughters, respectively), and far higher than in offspring of parents with BD, SCZ or MDD. Intergenerational recurrence risks were higher for maternal than paternal ADHD (RR(maternal) 8.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 8.2-8.6 vs. RR(paternal) 6.2, 6.0-6.4) and this was also true on the absolute scale (PD(maternal) 21.1% (20.5-21.7) vs. PD(paternal) 14.8% (14.3-15.4)). RRs were higher in daughters, while PDs higher in sons. Parental SCZ, BD and MDD were associated with an approximately doubled risk of offspring ADHD compared to parents without the respective disorders, and estimates did not differ significantly between daughters and sons. CONCLUSIONS: The intergenerational recurrence risks of ADHD were high and higher from mothers with ADHD than fathers with ADHD. Other parental psychiatric disorders also conferred increased risk of offspring ADHD, but far lower, indicating a sex- and diagnosis-specific intergenerational recurrence risk in parents with ADHD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13368 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=456 Examining frequent emergency department use among children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder / Judith BEVERLY in Autism, 25-5 (July 2021)
[article]
Titre : Examining frequent emergency department use among children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Judith BEVERLY, Auteur ; Theodoros GIANNOUCHOS, Auteur ; Timothy CALLAGHAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1382-1394 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/epidemiology Autism Spectrum Disorder/epidemiology Child Comorbidity Emergency Service, Hospital Humans Intellectual Disability/epidemiology adolescents autism children emergency department frequent emergency department use healthcare cost utilization project Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study used data for 5.9 million individuals with 9.1 million emergency department visits from all hospitals in the state of New York to explore frequent emergency department use between children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders and those without autism spectrum disorders. We found that children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders had larger shares of comorbidities and diagnoses related to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, intellectual disability, and epilepsy. Children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders were also more likely to utilize emergency departments and to exhibit frequent use. These results emphasize the need for using family-centered care to improve the care experiences of children and youth with autism spectrum disorders and their families. In addition, the education of emergency department staff of processes and practices as it relates to delivery of care and the care experience. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361321990925 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=475
in Autism > 25-5 (July 2021) . - p.1382-1394[article] Examining frequent emergency department use among children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Judith BEVERLY, Auteur ; Theodoros GIANNOUCHOS, Auteur ; Timothy CALLAGHAN, Auteur . - p.1382-1394.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism > 25-5 (July 2021) . - p.1382-1394
Mots-clés : Adolescent Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/epidemiology Autism Spectrum Disorder/epidemiology Child Comorbidity Emergency Service, Hospital Humans Intellectual Disability/epidemiology adolescents autism children emergency department frequent emergency department use healthcare cost utilization project Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study used data for 5.9 million individuals with 9.1 million emergency department visits from all hospitals in the state of New York to explore frequent emergency department use between children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders and those without autism spectrum disorders. We found that children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders had larger shares of comorbidities and diagnoses related to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, intellectual disability, and epilepsy. Children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders were also more likely to utilize emergency departments and to exhibit frequent use. These results emphasize the need for using family-centered care to improve the care experiences of children and youth with autism spectrum disorders and their families. In addition, the education of emergency department staff of processes and practices as it relates to delivery of care and the care experience. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361321990925 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=475 Examining frequent emergency department use among children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder / Judith BEVERLY in Autism, 26-5 (July 2022)
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