Dépouillements

Maternal Dietary Factors and the Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review of Existing Evidence / Caichen ZHONG in Autism Research, 13-10 (October 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-10 (October 2020) . - p.1634-1658 Titre : Maternal Dietary Factors and the Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review of Existing Evidence Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Caichen ZHONG, Auteur ; Jillian TESSING, Auteur ; Brian K. LEE, Auteur ; Kristen LYALL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1634-1658 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Vitamin D  autism spectrum disorders  folic acid  maternal diet  multivitamin  polyunsaturated fatty acids  prenatal vitamin Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Prenatal maternal diet is a critical factor in offspring neurodevelopment. Emerging evidence suggests that prenatal diet may also play a role in the etiology autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This review summarizes studies published in English that examined prenatal nutrients or maternal diet in association with ASD from PubMed as of July 2020. Thiry-six studies from nine countries were included in this systematic review; these focused on multivitamin (n = 5), prenatal vitamin (n = 3), folic acid (FA; n = 14), Vitamin D (n = 11), polyunsaturated fatty acid or fish/supplement intake (n = 7), iron (n = 3), Vitamin B12 (n = 1), calcium (n = 1), magnesium (n = 1), and broad maternal dietary habits (n = 3). Overall, higher or moderate intake of prenatal/multivitamin, FA, and Vitamin D was associated with reductions in odds of ASD, though results have not been uniform and there is a need to clarify differences in findings based on biomarkers versus reported intake. Evidence was inconclusive or insufficient for other nutrients. Differences in the timing and measurement of these dietary factors, as well as potential residual confounding, may contribute to existing discrepancies. Key areas for future research to better understand the role of maternal diet in ASD include the need to address potential critical windows, examine the combined effect of multiple nutrients, and consider interactions with genetic or environmental factors. LAY SUMMARY: Maternal diet during pregnancy is important for child neurodevelopment. We reviewed 36 studies examining maternal diet and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and found that prenatal vitamin/multivitamin use and adequate intake of folic acid and Vitamin D were each associated with lower likelihood of having a child with ASD. Future studies on these and other dietary factors are needed to better understand the role of maternal diet in the development of ASD. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1634-1658. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2402 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431 [article] Maternal Dietary Factors and the Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review of Existing Evidence [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Caichen ZHONG, Auteur ; Jillian TESSING, Auteur ; Brian K. LEE, Auteur ; Kristen LYALL, Auteur . - p.1634-1658. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-10 (October 2020) . - p.1634-1658 Mots-clés : Vitamin D  autism spectrum disorders  folic acid  maternal diet  multivitamin  polyunsaturated fatty acids  prenatal vitamin Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Prenatal maternal diet is a critical factor in offspring neurodevelopment. Emerging evidence suggests that prenatal diet may also play a role in the etiology autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This review summarizes studies published in English that examined prenatal nutrients or maternal diet in association with ASD from PubMed as of July 2020. Thiry-six studies from nine countries were included in this systematic review; these focused on multivitamin (n = 5), prenatal vitamin (n = 3), folic acid (FA; n = 14), Vitamin D (n = 11), polyunsaturated fatty acid or fish/supplement intake (n = 7), iron (n = 3), Vitamin B12 (n = 1), calcium (n = 1), magnesium (n = 1), and broad maternal dietary habits (n = 3). Overall, higher or moderate intake of prenatal/multivitamin, FA, and Vitamin D was associated with reductions in odds of ASD, though results have not been uniform and there is a need to clarify differences in findings based on biomarkers versus reported intake. Evidence was inconclusive or insufficient for other nutrients. Differences in the timing and measurement of these dietary factors, as well as potential residual confounding, may contribute to existing discrepancies. Key areas for future research to better understand the role of maternal diet in ASD include the need to address potential critical windows, examine the combined effect of multiple nutrients, and consider interactions with genetic or environmental factors. LAY SUMMARY: Maternal diet during pregnancy is important for child neurodevelopment. We reviewed 36 studies examining maternal diet and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and found that prenatal vitamin/multivitamin use and adequate intake of folic acid and Vitamin D were each associated with lower likelihood of having a child with ASD. Future studies on these and other dietary factors are needed to better understand the role of maternal diet in the development of ASD. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1634-1658. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2402 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431

Developmental Predictors of Cognitive and Adaptive Outcomes in Genetic Subtypes of Autism Spectrum Disorder / Anne B. ARNETT in Autism Research, 13-10 (October 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-10 (October 2020) . - p.1659-1669 Titre : Developmental Predictors of Cognitive and Adaptive Outcomes in Genetic Subtypes of Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Anne B. ARNETT, Auteur ; Jennifer BEIGHLEY, Auteur ; Evangeline C. KURTZ-NELSON, Auteur ; Kendra HOEKZEMA, Auteur ; Tianyun WANG, Auteur ; Raphael BERNIER, Auteur ; Evan E. EICHLER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1659-1669 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : developmental psychology  genetic/genomic syndromes  genetics  intellectual disability  subtypes of ASD Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Approximately one-fourth of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) cases are associated with a disruptive genetic variant. Many of these ASD genotypes have been described previously, and are characterized by unique constellations of medical, psychiatric, developmental, and behavioral features. Development of precision medicine care for affected individuals has been challenging due to the phenotypic heterogeneity that exists even within each genetic subtype. In the present study, we identify developmental milestones that predict cognitive and adaptive outcomes for five of the most common ASD genotypes. Sixty-five youth with a known pathogenic variant involving ADNP, CHD8, DYRK1A, GRIN2B, or SCN2A genes participated in cognitive and adaptive testing. Exploratory linear regressions were used to identify developmental milestones that predicted cognitive and adaptive outcomes within each gene group. We hypothesized that the earliest and most predictive milestones would vary across gene groups, but would be consistent across outcomes within each genetic subtype. Within the ADNP group, age of walking predicted cognitive outcomes, while age of first words predicted adaptive behaviors. Age of phrases predicted adaptive functioning in the CHD8 group, but cognitive outcomes were not clearly associated with early developmental milestones. Verbal milestones were the strongest predictors of cognitive and adaptive outcomes for individuals with mutations to DYRK1A, GRIN2B, or SCN2A. These trends inform decisions about treatment planning and long-term expectations for affected individuals, and they add to the growing body of research linking molecular genetic function to brain development and phenotypic outcomes. LAY SUMMARY: Researchers have found many genetic causes of autism including mutations to ADNP, CHD8, DYRK1A, GRIN2B, and SCN2A genes. We found that each genetic cause had different early developmental milestones that explained the overall functioning of the children when they were older. Depending on the genetic cause, the age that a child first starts walking and/or talking may help to better understand and support a child's development who has a mutation to one of the above genes. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1659-1669. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2385 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431 [article] Developmental Predictors of Cognitive and Adaptive Outcomes in Genetic Subtypes of Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Anne B. ARNETT, Auteur ; Jennifer BEIGHLEY, Auteur ; Evangeline C. KURTZ-NELSON, Auteur ; Kendra HOEKZEMA, Auteur ; Tianyun WANG, Auteur ; Raphael BERNIER, Auteur ; Evan E. EICHLER, Auteur . - p.1659-1669. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-10 (October 2020) . - p.1659-1669 Mots-clés : developmental psychology  genetic/genomic syndromes  genetics  intellectual disability  subtypes of ASD Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Approximately one-fourth of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) cases are associated with a disruptive genetic variant. Many of these ASD genotypes have been described previously, and are characterized by unique constellations of medical, psychiatric, developmental, and behavioral features. Development of precision medicine care for affected individuals has been challenging due to the phenotypic heterogeneity that exists even within each genetic subtype. In the present study, we identify developmental milestones that predict cognitive and adaptive outcomes for five of the most common ASD genotypes. Sixty-five youth with a known pathogenic variant involving ADNP, CHD8, DYRK1A, GRIN2B, or SCN2A genes participated in cognitive and adaptive testing. Exploratory linear regressions were used to identify developmental milestones that predicted cognitive and adaptive outcomes within each gene group. We hypothesized that the earliest and most predictive milestones would vary across gene groups, but would be consistent across outcomes within each genetic subtype. Within the ADNP group, age of walking predicted cognitive outcomes, while age of first words predicted adaptive behaviors. Age of phrases predicted adaptive functioning in the CHD8 group, but cognitive outcomes were not clearly associated with early developmental milestones. Verbal milestones were the strongest predictors of cognitive and adaptive outcomes for individuals with mutations to DYRK1A, GRIN2B, or SCN2A. These trends inform decisions about treatment planning and long-term expectations for affected individuals, and they add to the growing body of research linking molecular genetic function to brain development and phenotypic outcomes. LAY SUMMARY: Researchers have found many genetic causes of autism including mutations to ADNP, CHD8, DYRK1A, GRIN2B, and SCN2A genes. We found that each genetic cause had different early developmental milestones that explained the overall functioning of the children when they were older. Depending on the genetic cause, the age that a child first starts walking and/or talking may help to better understand and support a child's development who has a mutation to one of the above genes. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1659-1669. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2385 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431

Comprehensive Behavioral Phenotyping of a 16p11.2 Del Mouse Model for Neurodevelopmental Disorders / Joseph F. 3rd LYNCH in Autism Research, 13-10 (October 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-10 (October 2020) . - p.1670-1684 Titre : Comprehensive Behavioral Phenotyping of a 16p11.2 Del Mouse Model for Neurodevelopmental Disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Joseph F. 3rd LYNCH, Auteur ; Sarah L. FERRI, Auteur ; Christopher C. ANGELAKOS, Auteur ; Hannah SCHOCH, Auteur ; Thomas NICKL-JOCKSCHAT, Auteur ; Arnold GONZALEZ, Auteur ; William Timothy O'BRIEN, Auteur ; Ted ABEL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1670-1684 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : 16p11.2  autism spectrum disorders  behavior  copy number variant  mouse model  neurodevelopmental disorders  phenotype Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The microdeletion of copy number variant 16p11.2 is one of the most common genetic mutations associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, such as Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs). Here, we describe our comprehensive behavioral phenotyping of the 16p11.2 deletion line developed by Alea Mills on a C57BL/6J and 129S1/SvImJ F1 background (Del(m) ). Male and female Del(m) mice were tested in developmental milestones as preweanlings (PND2-PND12), and were tested in open field activity, elevated zero maze, rotarod, novel object recognition, fear conditioning, social approach, and other measures during post-weaning (PND21), adolescence (PND42), and adulthood (>PND70). Developmentally, Del(m) mice show distinct weight reduction that persists into adulthood. Del(m) males also have reduced grasp reflexes and limb strength during development, but no other reflexive deficits whereas Del(m) females show limb strength deficits and decreased sensitivity to heat. In a modified version of a rotarod task that measures balance and coordinated motor activity, Del(m) males, but not females, show improved performance at high speeds. Del(m) males and females also show age-specific reductions in anxiety-like behavior compared with WTs, but neither sex show deficits in a social preference task. When assessing learning and memory, Del(m) males and females show age-specific impairments in a novel object or spatial object recognition, but no deficits in contextual fear memory. This work extends the understanding of the behavioral phenotypes seen with 16p11.2 deletion by emphasizing age and sex-specific deficits; important variables to consider when studying mouse models for neurodevelopmental disorders. LAY SUMMARY: Autism spectrum disorder is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that causes repetitive behavior and impairments in social interaction and communication. Here, we assess the effects of one of the most common genetic alterations in ASDs, a deletion of one copy of 29 genes, using a mouse model. These animals show differences in behavior between males and females and across ages compared with control animals, including changes in development, cognition, and motor coordination. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1670-1684. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2357 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431 [article] Comprehensive Behavioral Phenotyping of a 16p11.2 Del Mouse Model for Neurodevelopmental Disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Joseph F. 3rd LYNCH, Auteur ; Sarah L. FERRI, Auteur ; Christopher C. ANGELAKOS, Auteur ; Hannah SCHOCH, Auteur ; Thomas NICKL-JOCKSCHAT, Auteur ; Arnold GONZALEZ, Auteur ; William Timothy O'BRIEN, Auteur ; Ted ABEL, Auteur . - p.1670-1684. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-10 (October 2020) . - p.1670-1684 Mots-clés : 16p11.2  autism spectrum disorders  behavior  copy number variant  mouse model  neurodevelopmental disorders  phenotype Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The microdeletion of copy number variant 16p11.2 is one of the most common genetic mutations associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, such as Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs). Here, we describe our comprehensive behavioral phenotyping of the 16p11.2 deletion line developed by Alea Mills on a C57BL/6J and 129S1/SvImJ F1 background (Del(m) ). Male and female Del(m) mice were tested in developmental milestones as preweanlings (PND2-PND12), and were tested in open field activity, elevated zero maze, rotarod, novel object recognition, fear conditioning, social approach, and other measures during post-weaning (PND21), adolescence (PND42), and adulthood (>PND70). Developmentally, Del(m) mice show distinct weight reduction that persists into adulthood. Del(m) males also have reduced grasp reflexes and limb strength during development, but no other reflexive deficits whereas Del(m) females show limb strength deficits and decreased sensitivity to heat. In a modified version of a rotarod task that measures balance and coordinated motor activity, Del(m) males, but not females, show improved performance at high speeds. Del(m) males and females also show age-specific reductions in anxiety-like behavior compared with WTs, but neither sex show deficits in a social preference task. When assessing learning and memory, Del(m) males and females show age-specific impairments in a novel object or spatial object recognition, but no deficits in contextual fear memory. This work extends the understanding of the behavioral phenotypes seen with 16p11.2 deletion by emphasizing age and sex-specific deficits; important variables to consider when studying mouse models for neurodevelopmental disorders. LAY SUMMARY: Autism spectrum disorder is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that causes repetitive behavior and impairments in social interaction and communication. Here, we assess the effects of one of the most common genetic alterations in ASDs, a deletion of one copy of 29 genes, using a mouse model. These animals show differences in behavior between males and females and across ages compared with control animals, including changes in development, cognition, and motor coordination. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1670-1684. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2357 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431

A Novel Chd8 Mutant Mouse Displays Altered Ultrasonic Vocalizations and Enhanced Motor Coordination / Samuel W. HULBERT in Autism Research, 13-10 (October 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-10 (October 2020) . - p.1685-1697 Titre : A Novel Chd8 Mutant Mouse Displays Altered Ultrasonic Vocalizations and Enhanced Motor Coordination Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Samuel W. HULBERT, Auteur ; Xiaoming WANG, Auteur ; Simisola O. GBADEGESIN, Auteur ; Qiong XU, Auteur ; Xiu XU, Auteur ; Yong-hui JIANG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1685-1697 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Asd  Chd8  autism  mouse behavior  mouse models Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Mutations in CHD8 are among the most common autism-causing genetic defects identified in human genomics studies. Therefore, many labs have attempted to model this disorder by generating mice with mutations in Chd8. Using a gene trap inserted after Exon 31, we created a novel Chd8 mutant mouse (Chd8(+/E31T) ) and characterized its behavior on several different assays thought to have face validity for the human condition, attempting to model both the core symptoms (repetitive behaviors and social communication impairments) and common comorbidities (motor deficits, anxiety, and intellectual disability). We found that Chd8(+/E31T) mice showed no difference compared to wild-type mice in amount of self-grooming, reproducing the negative finding most other studies have reported. Unlike some of the other published lines, Chd8(+/E31T) mice did not show deficits in the three-chamber test for social novelty preference. A few studies have examined ultrasonic vocalizations in Chd8 mutant mice, but we are the first to report an increase in call length for adult mice. Additionally, we found that in contrast to previous published lines, Chd8(+/E31T) mice displayed no anxiety-like behaviors or learning impairments but showed paradoxically significant improvement in motor function. The inconsistencies in behavioral phenotypes in the Chd8 mutant mice generated by different laboratories poses a challenge for modeling autism spectrum disorder and preclinical studies in mice going forward and warrants further investigation into the molecular consequences of the different mutations in Chd8 and the functional impact on behavior. LAY SUMMARY: Several different mouse models carrying mutations in the Chd8 gene have been created to study the effects of these autism-causing mutations in the laboratory. The current study characterizes a novel Chd8 mutant mouse model as well as summarizes data from previously published Chd8 mutant mice. The inconsistencies between different studies are concerning, but future research into the reasons why these inconsistencies occur may help us understand why patients with various mutations have different degrees of symptom severity. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1685-1697. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2353 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431 [article] A Novel Chd8 Mutant Mouse Displays Altered Ultrasonic Vocalizations and Enhanced Motor Coordination [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Samuel W. HULBERT, Auteur ; Xiaoming WANG, Auteur ; Simisola O. GBADEGESIN, Auteur ; Qiong XU, Auteur ; Xiu XU, Auteur ; Yong-hui JIANG, Auteur . - p.1685-1697. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-10 (October 2020) . - p.1685-1697 Mots-clés : Asd  Chd8  autism  mouse behavior  mouse models Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Mutations in CHD8 are among the most common autism-causing genetic defects identified in human genomics studies. Therefore, many labs have attempted to model this disorder by generating mice with mutations in Chd8. Using a gene trap inserted after Exon 31, we created a novel Chd8 mutant mouse (Chd8(+/E31T) ) and characterized its behavior on several different assays thought to have face validity for the human condition, attempting to model both the core symptoms (repetitive behaviors and social communication impairments) and common comorbidities (motor deficits, anxiety, and intellectual disability). We found that Chd8(+/E31T) mice showed no difference compared to wild-type mice in amount of self-grooming, reproducing the negative finding most other studies have reported. Unlike some of the other published lines, Chd8(+/E31T) mice did not show deficits in the three-chamber test for social novelty preference. A few studies have examined ultrasonic vocalizations in Chd8 mutant mice, but we are the first to report an increase in call length for adult mice. Additionally, we found that in contrast to previous published lines, Chd8(+/E31T) mice displayed no anxiety-like behaviors or learning impairments but showed paradoxically significant improvement in motor function. The inconsistencies in behavioral phenotypes in the Chd8 mutant mice generated by different laboratories poses a challenge for modeling autism spectrum disorder and preclinical studies in mice going forward and warrants further investigation into the molecular consequences of the different mutations in Chd8 and the functional impact on behavior. LAY SUMMARY: Several different mouse models carrying mutations in the Chd8 gene have been created to study the effects of these autism-causing mutations in the laboratory. The current study characterizes a novel Chd8 mutant mouse model as well as summarizes data from previously published Chd8 mutant mice. The inconsistencies between different studies are concerning, but future research into the reasons why these inconsistencies occur may help us understand why patients with various mutations have different degrees of symptom severity. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1685-1697. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2353 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431

Loss of Cntnap2 in the Rat Causes Autism-Related Alterations in Social Interactions, Stereotypic Behavior, and Sensory Processing / Kaela E. SCOTT in Autism Research, 13-10 (October 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-10 (October 2020) . - p.1698-1717 Titre : Loss of Cntnap2 in the Rat Causes Autism-Related Alterations in Social Interactions, Stereotypic Behavior, and Sensory Processing Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kaela E. SCOTT, Auteur ; Karnig KAZAZIAN, Auteur ; Rajkamalpreet S. MANN, Auteur ; Dorit MÖHRLE, Auteur ; Ashley L. SCHORMANS, Auteur ; Susanne SCHMID, Auteur ; Brian L. ALLMAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1698-1717 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Cntnap2  animal model  autism spectrum disorder  behavior  sensory  social  startle Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by social interaction and communication impairments, as well as restrictive/repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities, which can coexist with intellectual disability and altered sensory processing. To study the mechanisms underlying these core features of ASD, preclinical research has developed animal models with manipulations in ASD-linked genes, such as CNTNAP2. In order to fully interpret the findings from mechanistic studies, the extent to which these models display behaviors consistent with ASD must be determined. Toward that goal, we conducted an investigation of the consequences of a functional loss of Cntnap2 on ASD-related behaviors by comparing the performance of rats with a homozygous or heterozygous knockout of Cntnap2 to their wildtype littermates across a comprehensive test battery. Cntnap2(-/-) rats showed deficits in sociability and social novelty, and they displayed repetitive circling and hyperlocomotion. Moreover, Cntnap2(-/-) rats demonstrated exaggerated acoustic startle responses, increased avoidance to sounds of moderate intensity, and a lack of rapid audiovisual temporal recalibration; indicating changes in sensory processing at both the pre-attentive and perceptual levels. Notably, sensory behaviors requiring learned associations did not reveal genotypic differences, whereas tasks relying on automatic/implicit behaviors did. Ultimately, because these collective alterations in social, stereotypic, and sensory behaviors are phenotypically similar to those reported in individuals with ASD, our results establish the Cntnap2 knockout rat model as an effective platform to study not only the molecular and cellular mechanisms associated with ASD, but also the complex relationship between altered sensory processing and other core ASD-related behaviors. LAY SUMMARY: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by social interaction differences, and restrictive/repetitive patterns of behavior. We studied the behavioral alterations caused by the loss of an autism-linked gene, Cntnap2, in the rat to determine how mutations in this gene contribute to autism-related behaviors. We show the loss of Cntnap2 leads to changes in social, stereotypic, and sensory behaviors, indicating this rat model can be used to better understand the brain changes underlying ASD. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1698-1717. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2364 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431 [article] Loss of Cntnap2 in the Rat Causes Autism-Related Alterations in Social Interactions, Stereotypic Behavior, and Sensory Processing [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kaela E. SCOTT, Auteur ; Karnig KAZAZIAN, Auteur ; Rajkamalpreet S. MANN, Auteur ; Dorit MÖHRLE, Auteur ; Ashley L. SCHORMANS, Auteur ; Susanne SCHMID, Auteur ; Brian L. ALLMAN, Auteur . - p.1698-1717. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-10 (October 2020) . - p.1698-1717 Mots-clés : Cntnap2  animal model  autism spectrum disorder  behavior  sensory  social  startle Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by social interaction and communication impairments, as well as restrictive/repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities, which can coexist with intellectual disability and altered sensory processing. To study the mechanisms underlying these core features of ASD, preclinical research has developed animal models with manipulations in ASD-linked genes, such as CNTNAP2. In order to fully interpret the findings from mechanistic studies, the extent to which these models display behaviors consistent with ASD must be determined. Toward that goal, we conducted an investigation of the consequences of a functional loss of Cntnap2 on ASD-related behaviors by comparing the performance of rats with a homozygous or heterozygous knockout of Cntnap2 to their wildtype littermates across a comprehensive test battery. Cntnap2(-/-) rats showed deficits in sociability and social novelty, and they displayed repetitive circling and hyperlocomotion. Moreover, Cntnap2(-/-) rats demonstrated exaggerated acoustic startle responses, increased avoidance to sounds of moderate intensity, and a lack of rapid audiovisual temporal recalibration; indicating changes in sensory processing at both the pre-attentive and perceptual levels. Notably, sensory behaviors requiring learned associations did not reveal genotypic differences, whereas tasks relying on automatic/implicit behaviors did. Ultimately, because these collective alterations in social, stereotypic, and sensory behaviors are phenotypically similar to those reported in individuals with ASD, our results establish the Cntnap2 knockout rat model as an effective platform to study not only the molecular and cellular mechanisms associated with ASD, but also the complex relationship between altered sensory processing and other core ASD-related behaviors. LAY SUMMARY: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by social interaction differences, and restrictive/repetitive patterns of behavior. We studied the behavioral alterations caused by the loss of an autism-linked gene, Cntnap2, in the rat to determine how mutations in this gene contribute to autism-related behaviors. We show the loss of Cntnap2 leads to changes in social, stereotypic, and sensory behaviors, indicating this rat model can be used to better understand the brain changes underlying ASD. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1698-1717. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2364 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431

Atypical Perception of Sounds in Minimally and Low Verbal Children and Adolescents With Autism as Revealed by Behavioral and Neural Measures / Sophie SCHWARTZ in Autism Research, 13-10 (October 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-10 (October 2020) . - p.1718-1729 Titre : Atypical Perception of Sounds in Minimally and Low Verbal Children and Adolescents With Autism as Revealed by Behavioral and Neural Measures Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sophie SCHWARTZ, Auteur ; Le WANG, Auteur ; Barbara G. SHINN-CUNNINGHAM, Auteur ; Helen TAGER-FLUSBERG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1718-1729 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : auditory processing  autism  language  minimally verbal  mismatch  sensory behaviors Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The common display of atypical behavioral responses to sounds by individuals with autism (ASD) suggests that they process sounds differently. Within ASD, individuals who are minimally or low verbal (ASD-MLV) are suspected to have greater auditory processing impairments. However, it is unknown whether atypical auditory behaviors are related to receptive language and/or neural processing of sounds in ASD-MLV. In Experiment 1, we compared the percentage of time 47 ASD-MLV and 36 verbally fluent (ASD-V) participants, aged 5-21, displayed atypical auditory or visual sensory behaviors during the administration of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS). In Experiment 2, we tested whether atypical auditory behaviors were more frequent in ASD-MLV participants with receptive language deficits. In Experiment 3, we tested whether atypical auditory behaviors correlated with neural indices of sensitivity to perceptual sound differences as measured by the amplitude of neural responses to nonspeech intensity deviants. We found that ASD-MLV participants engaged in atypical auditory behaviors more often than ASD-V participants; in contrast, the incidence of atypical visual behaviors did not differ between the groups. Lower receptive language skills in the ASD-MLV group were predicted by greater incidence of atypical auditory behaviors. Exploratory analyses revealed a significant negative correlation between the amount of atypical auditory behaviors and the amplitude of neural response to deviants. Future work is needed to elucidate whether the relationship between atypical auditory behaviors and receptive language impairments in ASD-MLV individuals results from disruptions in the brain mechanisms involved in auditory processing. LAY SUMMARY: Minimally and low verbal children and adolescents with autism (ASD-MLV) displayed more atypical auditory behaviors (e.g., ear covering and humming) than verbally fluent participants with ASD. In ASD-MLV participants, time spent exhibiting such behaviors was associated with receptive vocabulary deficits and weaker neural responses to changes in sound loudness. Findings suggest that individuals with ASD with both severe expressive and receptive language impairments process sounds differently. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1718-1729. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2363 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431 [article] Atypical Perception of Sounds in Minimally and Low Verbal Children and Adolescents With Autism as Revealed by Behavioral and Neural Measures [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sophie SCHWARTZ, Auteur ; Le WANG, Auteur ; Barbara G. SHINN-CUNNINGHAM, Auteur ; Helen TAGER-FLUSBERG, Auteur . - p.1718-1729. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-10 (October 2020) . - p.1718-1729 Mots-clés : auditory processing  autism  language  minimally verbal  mismatch  sensory behaviors Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The common display of atypical behavioral responses to sounds by individuals with autism (ASD) suggests that they process sounds differently. Within ASD, individuals who are minimally or low verbal (ASD-MLV) are suspected to have greater auditory processing impairments. However, it is unknown whether atypical auditory behaviors are related to receptive language and/or neural processing of sounds in ASD-MLV. In Experiment 1, we compared the percentage of time 47 ASD-MLV and 36 verbally fluent (ASD-V) participants, aged 5-21, displayed atypical auditory or visual sensory behaviors during the administration of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS). In Experiment 2, we tested whether atypical auditory behaviors were more frequent in ASD-MLV participants with receptive language deficits. In Experiment 3, we tested whether atypical auditory behaviors correlated with neural indices of sensitivity to perceptual sound differences as measured by the amplitude of neural responses to nonspeech intensity deviants. We found that ASD-MLV participants engaged in atypical auditory behaviors more often than ASD-V participants; in contrast, the incidence of atypical visual behaviors did not differ between the groups. Lower receptive language skills in the ASD-MLV group were predicted by greater incidence of atypical auditory behaviors. Exploratory analyses revealed a significant negative correlation between the amount of atypical auditory behaviors and the amplitude of neural response to deviants. Future work is needed to elucidate whether the relationship between atypical auditory behaviors and receptive language impairments in ASD-MLV individuals results from disruptions in the brain mechanisms involved in auditory processing. LAY SUMMARY: Minimally and low verbal children and adolescents with autism (ASD-MLV) displayed more atypical auditory behaviors (e.g., ear covering and humming) than verbally fluent participants with ASD. In ASD-MLV participants, time spent exhibiting such behaviors was associated with receptive vocabulary deficits and weaker neural responses to changes in sound loudness. Findings suggest that individuals with ASD with both severe expressive and receptive language impairments process sounds differently. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1718-1729. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2363 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431

A Multimodal Study of the Contributions of Conduction Velocity to the Auditory Evoked Neuromagnetic Response: Anomalies in Autism Spectrum Disorder / Timothy P. L. ROBERTS in Autism Research, 13-10 (October 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-10 (October 2020) . - p.1730-1745 Titre : A Multimodal Study of the Contributions of Conduction Velocity to the Auditory Evoked Neuromagnetic Response: Anomalies in Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Timothy P. L. ROBERTS, Auteur ; Luke BLOY, Auteur ; Matt KU, Auteur ; Lisa BLASKEY, Auteur ; Carissa R. JACKEL, Auteur ; James Christopher EDGAR, Auteur ; Jeffrey I. BERMAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1730-1745 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : MR spectroscopy  autism spectrum disorder  conduction velocity  diffusion MRI  magnetoencephalography  multimodal imaging Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This multimodal imaging study used magnetoencephalography, diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to identify and contrast the multiple physiological mechanisms associated with auditory processing efficiency in typically developing (TD) children and children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Efficient transmission of auditory input between the ear and auditory cortex is necessary for rapid encoding of auditory sensory information. It was hypothesized that the M50 auditory evoked response latency would be modulated by white matter microstructure (indexed by diffusion MRI) and by tonic inhibition (indexed by GABA MRS). Participants were 77 children diagnosed with ASD and 40 TD controls aged 7-17?years. A model of M50 latency with auditory radiation fractional anisotropy and age as independent variables was able to predict 52% of M50 latency variance in TD children, but only 12% of variance in ASD. The ASD group exhibited altered patterns of M50 latency modulation characterized by both higher variance and deviation from the expected structure-function relationship established with the TD group. The TD M50 latency model was used to identify a subpopulation of ASD who are significant "outliers" to the TD model. The ASD outlier group exhibited unexpectedly long M50 latencies in conjunction with significantly lower GABA levels. These findings indicate the dependence of electrophysiologic sensory response latency on underlying microstructure (white matter) and neurochemistry (synaptic activity). This study demonstrates the use of biologically based measures to stratify ASD according to their brain-level "building blocks" as an alternative to their behavioral phenotype. LAY SUMMARY: Children with ASD often have a slower brain response when hearing sounds. This study used multiple brain imaging techniques to examine the structural and neurochemical factors which control the brain's response time to auditory tones in children with ASD and TD children. The relationship between brain imaging measures and brain response time was also used to identify ASD subgroups. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1730-1745. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2369 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431 [article] A Multimodal Study of the Contributions of Conduction Velocity to the Auditory Evoked Neuromagnetic Response: Anomalies in Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Timothy P. L. ROBERTS, Auteur ; Luke BLOY, Auteur ; Matt KU, Auteur ; Lisa BLASKEY, Auteur ; Carissa R. JACKEL, Auteur ; James Christopher EDGAR, Auteur ; Jeffrey I. BERMAN, Auteur . - p.1730-1745. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-10 (October 2020) . - p.1730-1745 Mots-clés : MR spectroscopy  autism spectrum disorder  conduction velocity  diffusion MRI  magnetoencephalography  multimodal imaging Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This multimodal imaging study used magnetoencephalography, diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to identify and contrast the multiple physiological mechanisms associated with auditory processing efficiency in typically developing (TD) children and children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Efficient transmission of auditory input between the ear and auditory cortex is necessary for rapid encoding of auditory sensory information. It was hypothesized that the M50 auditory evoked response latency would be modulated by white matter microstructure (indexed by diffusion MRI) and by tonic inhibition (indexed by GABA MRS). Participants were 77 children diagnosed with ASD and 40 TD controls aged 7-17?years. A model of M50 latency with auditory radiation fractional anisotropy and age as independent variables was able to predict 52% of M50 latency variance in TD children, but only 12% of variance in ASD. The ASD group exhibited altered patterns of M50 latency modulation characterized by both higher variance and deviation from the expected structure-function relationship established with the TD group. The TD M50 latency model was used to identify a subpopulation of ASD who are significant "outliers" to the TD model. The ASD outlier group exhibited unexpectedly long M50 latencies in conjunction with significantly lower GABA levels. These findings indicate the dependence of electrophysiologic sensory response latency on underlying microstructure (white matter) and neurochemistry (synaptic activity). This study demonstrates the use of biologically based measures to stratify ASD according to their brain-level "building blocks" as an alternative to their behavioral phenotype. LAY SUMMARY: Children with ASD often have a slower brain response when hearing sounds. This study used multiple brain imaging techniques to examine the structural and neurochemical factors which control the brain's response time to auditory tones in children with ASD and TD children. The relationship between brain imaging measures and brain response time was also used to identify ASD subgroups. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1730-1745. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2369 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431

Reduced Language Lateralization in Autism and the Broader Autism Phenotype as Assessed with Robust Individual-Subjects Analyses / Olessia JOURAVLEV in Autism Research, 13-10 (October 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-10 (October 2020) . - p.1746-1761 Titre : Reduced Language Lateralization in Autism and the Broader Autism Phenotype as Assessed with Robust Individual-Subjects Analyses Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Olessia JOURAVLEV, Auteur ; Alexander J. E. KELL, Auteur ; Zachary MINEROFF, Auteur ; Amanda J. HASKINS, Auteur ; Dima AYYASH, Auteur ; Nancy KANWISHER, Auteur ; Evelina FEDORENKO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1746-1761 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Multiple Demand network  Theory of Mind network  autism spectrum disorder (ASD)  fMRI  individual differences  language network  reduced language lateralization Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : One of the few replicated functional brain differences between individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and neurotypical (NT) controls is reduced language lateralization. However, most prior reports relied on comparisons of group-level activation maps or functional markers that had not been validated at the individual-subject level, and/or used tasks that do not isolate language processing from other cognitive processes, complicating interpretation. Furthermore, few prior studies have examined functional responses in other brain networks, as needed to determine the spatial selectivity of the effect. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we compared language lateralization between 28 adult ASD participants and carefully pairwise-matched controls, with the language regions defined individually using a well-validated language "localizer" task. Across two language comprehension paradigms, ASD participants showed less lateralized responses due to stronger right hemisphere activity. Furthermore, this effect did not stem from a ubiquitous reduction in lateralization of function across the brain: ASD participants did not differ from controls in the lateralization of two other large-scale networks-the Theory of Mind network and the Multiple Demand network. Finally, in an exploratory study, we tested whether reduced language lateralization may also be present in NT individuals with high autism-like traits. Indeed, autistic trait load in a large set of NT participants (n = 189) was associated with less lateralized language responses. These results suggest that reduced language lateralization is robustly associated with autism and, to some extent, with autism-like traits in the general population, and this lateralization reduction appears to be restricted to the language system. LAY SUMMARY: How do brains of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) differ from those of neurotypical (NT) controls? One of the most consistently reported differences is the reduction of lateralization during language processing in individuals with ASD. However, most prior studies have used methods that made this finding difficult to interpret, and perhaps even artifactual. Using robust individual-level markers of lateralization, we found that indeed, ASD individuals show reduced lateralization for language due to stronger right-hemisphere activity. We further show that this reduction is not due to a general reduction of lateralization of function across the brain. Finally, we show that greater autistic trait load is associated with less lateralized language responses in the NT population. These results suggest that reduced language lateralization is robustly associated with autism and, to some extent, with autism-like traits in the general population. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1746-1761. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2393 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431 [article] Reduced Language Lateralization in Autism and the Broader Autism Phenotype as Assessed with Robust Individual-Subjects Analyses [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Olessia JOURAVLEV, Auteur ; Alexander J. E. KELL, Auteur ; Zachary MINEROFF, Auteur ; Amanda J. HASKINS, Auteur ; Dima AYYASH, Auteur ; Nancy KANWISHER, Auteur ; Evelina FEDORENKO, Auteur . - p.1746-1761. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-10 (October 2020) . - p.1746-1761 Mots-clés : Multiple Demand network  Theory of Mind network  autism spectrum disorder (ASD)  fMRI  individual differences  language network  reduced language lateralization Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : One of the few replicated functional brain differences between individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and neurotypical (NT) controls is reduced language lateralization. However, most prior reports relied on comparisons of group-level activation maps or functional markers that had not been validated at the individual-subject level, and/or used tasks that do not isolate language processing from other cognitive processes, complicating interpretation. Furthermore, few prior studies have examined functional responses in other brain networks, as needed to determine the spatial selectivity of the effect. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we compared language lateralization between 28 adult ASD participants and carefully pairwise-matched controls, with the language regions defined individually using a well-validated language "localizer" task. Across two language comprehension paradigms, ASD participants showed less lateralized responses due to stronger right hemisphere activity. Furthermore, this effect did not stem from a ubiquitous reduction in lateralization of function across the brain: ASD participants did not differ from controls in the lateralization of two other large-scale networks-the Theory of Mind network and the Multiple Demand network. Finally, in an exploratory study, we tested whether reduced language lateralization may also be present in NT individuals with high autism-like traits. Indeed, autistic trait load in a large set of NT participants (n = 189) was associated with less lateralized language responses. These results suggest that reduced language lateralization is robustly associated with autism and, to some extent, with autism-like traits in the general population, and this lateralization reduction appears to be restricted to the language system. LAY SUMMARY: How do brains of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) differ from those of neurotypical (NT) controls? One of the most consistently reported differences is the reduction of lateralization during language processing in individuals with ASD. However, most prior studies have used methods that made this finding difficult to interpret, and perhaps even artifactual. Using robust individual-level markers of lateralization, we found that indeed, ASD individuals show reduced lateralization for language due to stronger right-hemisphere activity. We further show that this reduction is not due to a general reduction of lateralization of function across the brain. Finally, we show that greater autistic trait load is associated with less lateralized language responses in the NT population. These results suggest that reduced language lateralization is robustly associated with autism and, to some extent, with autism-like traits in the general population. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1746-1761. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2393 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431

Frontoparietal Network in Executive Functioning in Autism Spectrum Disorder / Kaitlyn E. MAY in Autism Research, 13-10 (October 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-10 (October 2020) . - p.1762-1777 Titre : Frontoparietal Network in Executive Functioning in Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kaitlyn E. MAY, Auteur ; Rajesh K. KANA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1762-1777 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  executive functions  neuroimaging Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Higher cognitive functions in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are characterized by impairments in executive functions (EF). While some research attributes this to an overreliance of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), others demonstrate poor recruitment of the PFC in individuals with ASD. In order to assess the emerging consensus across neuroimaging studies of EF in ASD, the current study used a coordinate-based activation likelihood estimation (ALE) analysis of 16 functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies, resulting in a meta-analysis of data from 739 participants (356 ASD, 383 typically developing [TD] individuals) ranging from 7 to 52?years of age. Within-group analysis of EF tasks revealed that both TD and ASD participants had significant activity in PFC regions. Analysis of group differences indicated greater activation in ASD, relative to TD participants, in the right middle frontal gyrus and the anterior cingulate cortex, and lesser activation in the bilateral middle frontal, left inferior frontal gyrus, right inferior parietal lobule, and precuneus. Although both ASD and TD participants showed similar PFC activation, there was differential recruitment of wider network of EF regions such as the IPL in ASD participants. The under-recruitment of parietal regions may be due to poor connectivity of the frontoparietal networks with other regions during EF tasks or a restricted executive network in ASD participants which is limited primarily to the PFC. These results support the executive dysfunction hypothesis of ASD and suggests that poor frontoparietal recruitment may underlie some of the EF difficulties individuals with ASD experience. LAY SUMMARY: This study reports a meta-analysis of 16 brain imaging studies of executive functions (EF) in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). While parts of the brain's EF network is activated in both ASD and control participants, the ASD group does not activate a wider network of EF regions such as the parietal cortex. This may be due to poor EF network connectivity, or a constrained EF network in ASD participants. These results may underlie some of the EF difficulties individuals with ASD experience. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1762-1777. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2403 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431 [article] Frontoparietal Network in Executive Functioning in Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kaitlyn E. MAY, Auteur ; Rajesh K. KANA, Auteur . - p.1762-1777. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-10 (October 2020) . - p.1762-1777 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  executive functions  neuroimaging Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Higher cognitive functions in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are characterized by impairments in executive functions (EF). While some research attributes this to an overreliance of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), others demonstrate poor recruitment of the PFC in individuals with ASD. In order to assess the emerging consensus across neuroimaging studies of EF in ASD, the current study used a coordinate-based activation likelihood estimation (ALE) analysis of 16 functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies, resulting in a meta-analysis of data from 739 participants (356 ASD, 383 typically developing [TD] individuals) ranging from 7 to 52?years of age. Within-group analysis of EF tasks revealed that both TD and ASD participants had significant activity in PFC regions. Analysis of group differences indicated greater activation in ASD, relative to TD participants, in the right middle frontal gyrus and the anterior cingulate cortex, and lesser activation in the bilateral middle frontal, left inferior frontal gyrus, right inferior parietal lobule, and precuneus. Although both ASD and TD participants showed similar PFC activation, there was differential recruitment of wider network of EF regions such as the IPL in ASD participants. The under-recruitment of parietal regions may be due to poor connectivity of the frontoparietal networks with other regions during EF tasks or a restricted executive network in ASD participants which is limited primarily to the PFC. These results support the executive dysfunction hypothesis of ASD and suggests that poor frontoparietal recruitment may underlie some of the EF difficulties individuals with ASD experience. LAY SUMMARY: This study reports a meta-analysis of 16 brain imaging studies of executive functions (EF) in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). While parts of the brain's EF network is activated in both ASD and control participants, the ASD group does not activate a wider network of EF regions such as the parietal cortex. This may be due to poor EF network connectivity, or a constrained EF network in ASD participants. These results may underlie some of the EF difficulties individuals with ASD experience. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1762-1777. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2403 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431

Developmental-behavioral profiles in children with autism spectrum disorder and co-occurring gastrointestinal symptoms / Bibiana RESTREPO in Autism Research, 13-10 (October 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-10 (October 2020) . - p.1778-1789 Titre : Developmental-behavioral profiles in children with autism spectrum disorder and co-occurring gastrointestinal symptoms Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Bibiana RESTREPO, Auteur ; Kathleen ANGKUSTSIRI, Auteur ; Sandra L. TAYLOR, Auteur ; Sally J ROGERS, Auteur ; Jacqueline CABRAL, Auteur ; Brianna HEATH, Auteur ; Alexa HECHTMAN, Auteur ; Marjorie SOLOMON, Auteur ; Paul ASHWOOD, Auteur ; David G. AMARAL, Auteur ; Christine W. NORDAHL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1778-1789 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : GI dysfunction  GI symptoms  autism  autism spectrum disorder  co-occurring  coexisting  comorbidities  gastrointestinal problems  repetitive behavior Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are frequently reported in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We evaluated the frequency and severity of GI symptoms in preschool-aged children with ASD compared to participants with typical development (TD). Our goal was to ascertain whether GI symptoms are associated with differences in sex or developmental and behavioral measures. Participants were between 2 and 3.5?years of age and included 255 children with ASD (184 males/71 females) and 129 age-matched TD controls (75 males/54 females). A parent interview was used to assess GI symptoms (abdominal pain, gaseousness/bloating, diarrhea, constipation, pain on stooling, vomiting, difficulty swallowing, blood in stool or in vomit). Children with GI symptoms in each diagnostic group were compared to children without GI symptoms on measures of developmental, behavioral, and adaptive functioning. GI symptoms were reported more frequently in children with ASD compared to the TD group (47.8% vs. 17.8%, respectively). Children with ASD were also more likely to experience multiple GI symptoms (30.6% vs. 5.4%). GI symptoms were equally common in males and females across both diagnostic groups. There were no statistically significant differences in developmental or adaptive measures based on presence of GI symptoms in either ASD or TD children. Co-occurring GI symptoms were, however, associated with increased self-injurious behaviors, restricted stereotyped behaviors, aggressive behaviors, sleep problems and attention problems in both ASD and TD children. In children with ASD, a higher number of GI symptoms was associated with an increase in self-injurious behaviors, somatic complaints, reduced sleep duration, and increased parasomnias. LAY SUMMARY: ASD is characterized by challenges in social communication and repetitive behaviors. But, people with autism have many other difficulties including gastrointestinal problems. Children with ASD were three times more likely to experience GI symptoms than typically developing peers. Increased GI symptoms are associated with increased problem behaviors such as sleep problems, self-injury, and body aches. Since GI symptoms are often treatable, it is important to recognize them as soon as possible. Both clinicians and parents should become more aware of the high occurrence of GI problems in autistic people. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1778-1789. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2354 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431 [article] Developmental-behavioral profiles in children with autism spectrum disorder and co-occurring gastrointestinal symptoms [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Bibiana RESTREPO, Auteur ; Kathleen ANGKUSTSIRI, Auteur ; Sandra L. TAYLOR, Auteur ; Sally J ROGERS, Auteur ; Jacqueline CABRAL, Auteur ; Brianna HEATH, Auteur ; Alexa HECHTMAN, Auteur ; Marjorie SOLOMON, Auteur ; Paul ASHWOOD, Auteur ; David G. AMARAL, Auteur ; Christine W. NORDAHL, Auteur . - p.1778-1789. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-10 (October 2020) . - p.1778-1789 Mots-clés : GI dysfunction  GI symptoms  autism  autism spectrum disorder  co-occurring  coexisting  comorbidities  gastrointestinal problems  repetitive behavior Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are frequently reported in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We evaluated the frequency and severity of GI symptoms in preschool-aged children with ASD compared to participants with typical development (TD). Our goal was to ascertain whether GI symptoms are associated with differences in sex or developmental and behavioral measures. Participants were between 2 and 3.5?years of age and included 255 children with ASD (184 males/71 females) and 129 age-matched TD controls (75 males/54 females). A parent interview was used to assess GI symptoms (abdominal pain, gaseousness/bloating, diarrhea, constipation, pain on stooling, vomiting, difficulty swallowing, blood in stool or in vomit). Children with GI symptoms in each diagnostic group were compared to children without GI symptoms on measures of developmental, behavioral, and adaptive functioning. GI symptoms were reported more frequently in children with ASD compared to the TD group (47.8% vs. 17.8%, respectively). Children with ASD were also more likely to experience multiple GI symptoms (30.6% vs. 5.4%). GI symptoms were equally common in males and females across both diagnostic groups. There were no statistically significant differences in developmental or adaptive measures based on presence of GI symptoms in either ASD or TD children. Co-occurring GI symptoms were, however, associated with increased self-injurious behaviors, restricted stereotyped behaviors, aggressive behaviors, sleep problems and attention problems in both ASD and TD children. In children with ASD, a higher number of GI symptoms was associated with an increase in self-injurious behaviors, somatic complaints, reduced sleep duration, and increased parasomnias. LAY SUMMARY: ASD is characterized by challenges in social communication and repetitive behaviors. But, people with autism have many other difficulties including gastrointestinal problems. Children with ASD were three times more likely to experience GI symptoms than typically developing peers. Increased GI symptoms are associated with increased problem behaviors such as sleep problems, self-injury, and body aches. Since GI symptoms are often treatable, it is important to recognize them as soon as possible. Both clinicians and parents should become more aware of the high occurrence of GI problems in autistic people. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1778-1789. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2354 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431

Vaccine Hesitancy and Attributions for Autism among Racially and Ethnically Diverse Groups of Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Pilot Study / Jennifer CHANG in Autism Research, 13-10 (October 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-10 (October 2020) . - p.1790-1796 Titre : Vaccine Hesitancy and Attributions for Autism among Racially and Ethnically Diverse Groups of Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Pilot Study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jennifer CHANG, Auteur ; Robin KOCHEL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1790-1796 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  cultural diversity  ethnic groups  parent perception  race  vaccines Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Little is known about how racial/ethnic differences may influence attributions for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and subsequent vaccine hesitancy, the latter of which refers to a continuum of concerns about vaccine safety that may lead to vaccine delays and/or refusals. Two hundred and twenty-five parents of children with ASD who were enrolled in the SPARK cohort (Simons Foundation Powering Autism Research for Knowledge) completed the Parent Attitudes about Childhood Vaccines survey and the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire. 28.9% of respondents (n = 65) were vaccine hesitant (PACV score???50). Significant differences were observed between proportions of vaccine-hesitant parents (VHP) in the White sample and combined samples of color (Asian, Black, Latinx, Multiracial, and Other): 22.8% of the White sample (n = 39) versus 48.1% of the samples of color (n = 26). White, non-hesitant parents more often agreed with the child's brain structure as a cause of their child's ASD, while White, VHP more often agreed with the deterioration of the child's immunity as a cause. All VHP (regardless of race) agreed more often with diet, their own decisions, and vaccines as causes. VHP of color more often agreed with accident or injury, environmental pollution, their own general stress, and their own emotional state as causes. Future work should examine this phenomenon in larger, diverse samples to further understand differences across specific racial/ethnic groups. LAY SUMMARY: Some parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are vaccine hesitant, meaning they have concerns about vaccine safety and may delay/refuse vaccines. We examined possible racial/ethnic differences related to how common vaccine hesitancy is and which causes of ASD were typically endorsed among a sample of caregivers in the SPARK cohort (Simons Foundation Powering Autism Research for Knowledge). Higher proportions of parents of color were vaccine hesitant, and all vaccine-hesitant parents agreed that "toxins in vaccines" were a cause of their child's ASD. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1790-1796. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2339 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431 [article] Vaccine Hesitancy and Attributions for Autism among Racially and Ethnically Diverse Groups of Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Pilot Study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jennifer CHANG, Auteur ; Robin KOCHEL, Auteur . - p.1790-1796. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-10 (October 2020) . - p.1790-1796 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  cultural diversity  ethnic groups  parent perception  race  vaccines Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Little is known about how racial/ethnic differences may influence attributions for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and subsequent vaccine hesitancy, the latter of which refers to a continuum of concerns about vaccine safety that may lead to vaccine delays and/or refusals. Two hundred and twenty-five parents of children with ASD who were enrolled in the SPARK cohort (Simons Foundation Powering Autism Research for Knowledge) completed the Parent Attitudes about Childhood Vaccines survey and the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire. 28.9% of respondents (n = 65) were vaccine hesitant (PACV score???50). Significant differences were observed between proportions of vaccine-hesitant parents (VHP) in the White sample and combined samples of color (Asian, Black, Latinx, Multiracial, and Other): 22.8% of the White sample (n = 39) versus 48.1% of the samples of color (n = 26). White, non-hesitant parents more often agreed with the child's brain structure as a cause of their child's ASD, while White, VHP more often agreed with the deterioration of the child's immunity as a cause. All VHP (regardless of race) agreed more often with diet, their own decisions, and vaccines as causes. VHP of color more often agreed with accident or injury, environmental pollution, their own general stress, and their own emotional state as causes. Future work should examine this phenomenon in larger, diverse samples to further understand differences across specific racial/ethnic groups. LAY SUMMARY: Some parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are vaccine hesitant, meaning they have concerns about vaccine safety and may delay/refuse vaccines. We examined possible racial/ethnic differences related to how common vaccine hesitancy is and which causes of ASD were typically endorsed among a sample of caregivers in the SPARK cohort (Simons Foundation Powering Autism Research for Knowledge). Higher proportions of parents of color were vaccine hesitant, and all vaccine-hesitant parents agreed that "toxins in vaccines" were a cause of their child's ASD. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1790-1796. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2339 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431

Predicting Mental Health and Psychological Wellbeing in Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Roles of Intolerance of Uncertainty and Coping / Ru Ying CAI in Autism Research, 13-10 (October 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-10 (October 2020) . - p.1797-1801 Titre : Predicting Mental Health and Psychological Wellbeing in Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Roles of Intolerance of Uncertainty and Coping Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ru Ying CAI, Auteur ; Mirko ULJAREVIC, Auteur ; Susan R LEEKAM, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1797-1801 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : anxiety  autism  coping  depression  intolerance of uncertainty  mothers  psychological wellbeing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Research has consistently shown that parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are more likely to report chronic stress and symptoms of psychopathology when compared to parents of typically developing children and children with other psychological or physical conditions. Certain individual characteristics might either put parents at risk or allow them to cope more effectively under the strenuous conditions of raising children with neurodevelopmental conditions. Previous research has suggested that higher levels of intolerance of uncertainty and certain coping styles are associated with higher parental levels of anxiety and depression. The aim of this study is to characterize the way in which intolerance of uncertainty and coping (avoidant and problem-focused coping) predict mental health and psychological wellbeing in parents of children with ASD. Only mothers participated in this study. Fifty mothers (M(age) = 44.28?years, SD(age) = 6.58) of children with ASD completed questionnaires assessing anxiety and depression, psychological wellbeing, intolerance of uncertainty, and avoidant and problem-focused coping. The results from this study provide preliminary evidence that higher use of problem-focused coping but not avoidant coping and intolerance of uncertainty predicts psychological wellbeing. Furthermore, our observation of greater intolerance of uncertainty and higher use of avoidant coping predicting anxiety and depression supports previous research. The findings from this study have implications for the development of intervention programs to help improve the mental health and psychological wellbeing of parents. LAY SUMMARY: This research studied the factors that impact the mental health of parents of children on the autism spectrum. We found that mothers, who are not comfortable with uncertainty, use more avoidant coping, and less problem-focused coping have poorer mental health. Identifying these factors is a crucial first step in developing intervention programs to help improve the mental health of parents. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1797-1801. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2341 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431 [article] Predicting Mental Health and Psychological Wellbeing in Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Roles of Intolerance of Uncertainty and Coping [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ru Ying CAI, Auteur ; Mirko ULJAREVIC, Auteur ; Susan R LEEKAM, Auteur . - p.1797-1801. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-10 (October 2020) . - p.1797-1801 Mots-clés : anxiety  autism  coping  depression  intolerance of uncertainty  mothers  psychological wellbeing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Research has consistently shown that parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are more likely to report chronic stress and symptoms of psychopathology when compared to parents of typically developing children and children with other psychological or physical conditions. Certain individual characteristics might either put parents at risk or allow them to cope more effectively under the strenuous conditions of raising children with neurodevelopmental conditions. Previous research has suggested that higher levels of intolerance of uncertainty and certain coping styles are associated with higher parental levels of anxiety and depression. The aim of this study is to characterize the way in which intolerance of uncertainty and coping (avoidant and problem-focused coping) predict mental health and psychological wellbeing in parents of children with ASD. Only mothers participated in this study. Fifty mothers (M(age) = 44.28?years, SD(age) = 6.58) of children with ASD completed questionnaires assessing anxiety and depression, psychological wellbeing, intolerance of uncertainty, and avoidant and problem-focused coping. The results from this study provide preliminary evidence that higher use of problem-focused coping but not avoidant coping and intolerance of uncertainty predicts psychological wellbeing. Furthermore, our observation of greater intolerance of uncertainty and higher use of avoidant coping predicting anxiety and depression supports previous research. The findings from this study have implications for the development of intervention programs to help improve the mental health and psychological wellbeing of parents. LAY SUMMARY: This research studied the factors that impact the mental health of parents of children on the autism spectrum. We found that mothers, who are not comfortable with uncertainty, use more avoidant coping, and less problem-focused coping have poorer mental health. Identifying these factors is a crucial first step in developing intervention programs to help improve the mental health of parents. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1797-1801. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2341 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431

Suicidality in Children with Elevated Autistic Traits / Ying-Yeh CHEN in Autism Research, 13-10 (October 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-10 (October 2020) . - p.1811-1821 Titre : Suicidality in Children with Elevated Autistic Traits Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ying-Yeh CHEN, Auteur ; Yi-Lung CHEN, Auteur ; Susan Shur-Fen GAU, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1811-1821 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autistic traits  suicidal ideation  suicidal plan  suicidality  suicide attempt Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : By using a nationally representative school-based sample (4,816 children aged 8-14?years), we examined the risk of suicidality in children with elevated autistic traits and assessed the mediation of anxiety/depression and moderation effects of family function and academic performance. The Chinese version of the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS-C) was used to measure autistic features. Logistic regression models were applied to assess associations between autistic traits and suicidality (suicidal ideation, suicide plans, and suicide attempts) for estimating the mediation effects of anxiety/depression and moderation effects of academic performance and family function after adjustment for control variables. Every 10-point increase in the SRS-C score was associated with a 1.3-1.4-fold increase in suicidality risk. Associations relating to suicide plans and attempts were fully mediated; however, the association with ideation was partially mediated by anxiety/depression. Academic performance and family function did not appear to moderate associations between autistic traits and suicidality. In conclusion, children with elevated autistic traits exhibited increased risk of suicidality, which could be generally attributed to symptoms of anxiety/depression. Because adequate family function and academic performance did not mitigate the link between elevated autistic traits and suicidality, in-depth exploration into specific protective factors in children with elevated autistic traits is warranted. LAY SUMMARY: By using a nationally representative school-based sample (4,816 children aged 8-14?years), we observed that the risk of suicidality increased in children with elevated autistic traits. This association was generally explained by increased levels of anxiety/depression. Furthermore, better family function and academic performance did not appear to mitigate the link between autistic traits and suicidality. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1811-1821. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2333 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431 [article] Suicidality in Children with Elevated Autistic Traits [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ying-Yeh CHEN, Auteur ; Yi-Lung CHEN, Auteur ; Susan Shur-Fen GAU, Auteur . - p.1811-1821. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-10 (October 2020) . - p.1811-1821 Mots-clés : autistic traits  suicidal ideation  suicidal plan  suicidality  suicide attempt Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : By using a nationally representative school-based sample (4,816 children aged 8-14?years), we examined the risk of suicidality in children with elevated autistic traits and assessed the mediation of anxiety/depression and moderation effects of family function and academic performance. The Chinese version of the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS-C) was used to measure autistic features. Logistic regression models were applied to assess associations between autistic traits and suicidality (suicidal ideation, suicide plans, and suicide attempts) for estimating the mediation effects of anxiety/depression and moderation effects of academic performance and family function after adjustment for control variables. Every 10-point increase in the SRS-C score was associated with a 1.3-1.4-fold increase in suicidality risk. Associations relating to suicide plans and attempts were fully mediated; however, the association with ideation was partially mediated by anxiety/depression. Academic performance and family function did not appear to moderate associations between autistic traits and suicidality. In conclusion, children with elevated autistic traits exhibited increased risk of suicidality, which could be generally attributed to symptoms of anxiety/depression. Because adequate family function and academic performance did not mitigate the link between elevated autistic traits and suicidality, in-depth exploration into specific protective factors in children with elevated autistic traits is warranted. LAY SUMMARY: By using a nationally representative school-based sample (4,816 children aged 8-14?years), we observed that the risk of suicidality increased in children with elevated autistic traits. This association was generally explained by increased levels of anxiety/depression. Furthermore, better family function and academic performance did not appear to mitigate the link between autistic traits and suicidality. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1811-1821. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2333 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431

Corrigendum in Autism Research, 13-10 (October 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-10 (October 2020) . - p.1822 Titre : Corrigendum Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Article en page(s) : p.1822 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2392 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431 [article] Corrigendum [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - p.1822. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-10 (October 2020) . - p.1822 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2392 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431