Alexithymia and autism diagnostic assessments: Evidence from twins at genetic risk of autism and adults with anorexia nervosa / Hannah HOBSON in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 73 (May 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 73 (May 2019) . - 101531 Titre : Alexithymia and autism diagnostic assessments: Evidence from twins at genetic risk of autism and adults with anorexia nervosa Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Hannah HOBSON, Auteur ; Heather WESTWOOD, Auteur ; Jane CONWAY, Auteur ; Fiona S. MCEWEN, Auteur ; Emma COLVERT, Auteur ; Caroline CATMUR, Auteur ; Geoffrey BIRD, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur Article en page(s) : 101531 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ADOS  Alexithymia  Diagnosis  Autism  Anorexia nervosa Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Alexithymia, a difficulty identifying and communicating one’s own emotions, affects socio-emotional processes, such as emotion recognition and empathy. Co-occurring alexithymia is prevalent in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and underlies some socio-emotional difficulties usually attributed to autism. Socio-emotional abilities are examined during behavioural diagnostic assessments of autism, yet the effect of alexithymia on these assessments is not known. This study aimed to examine the associations between alexithymia and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) assessment scores. Method Two previously collected samples of ADOS assessments were used to examine the relationship between alexithymia and ADOS scores. Participants included 96 women with anorexia, and 147 adolescents who were either high in autistic symptoms, or whose twin had high autistic symptoms. We examined 1) the impact of alexithymia on meeting the criteria for autism/ASD, 2) correlations between alexithymia and ADOS subscales, and 3) whether alexithymia predicted scores on specific ADOS items, selected a priori based on existing literature. Results In the adolescent group, parent-reported (but not self-reported) alexithymia correlated with both ADOS sub-scales, predicted scores on ADOS items, and predicted meeting clinical cut-offs for an ASD/autism diagnosis. Few associations were observed in the anorexic sample between self-reported alexithymia and ADOS subscale and item scores, but the presence of alexithymia predicted the likelihood of meeting diagnostic criteria for autism/ASD in this sample. Conclusions Alexithymia does show relationships with ADOS assessment scores. We discuss potential clinical and research implications, particularly in studies of autism where the ADOS is often the only diagnostic measure used. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101531 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=421 [article] Alexithymia and autism diagnostic assessments: Evidence from twins at genetic risk of autism and adults with anorexia nervosa [texte imprimé] / Hannah HOBSON, Auteur ; Heather WESTWOOD, Auteur ; Jane CONWAY, Auteur ; Fiona S. MCEWEN, Auteur ; Emma COLVERT, Auteur ; Caroline CATMUR, Auteur ; Geoffrey BIRD, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur . - 101531. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 73 (May 2019) . - 101531 Mots-clés : ADOS  Alexithymia  Diagnosis  Autism  Anorexia nervosa Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Alexithymia, a difficulty identifying and communicating one’s own emotions, affects socio-emotional processes, such as emotion recognition and empathy. Co-occurring alexithymia is prevalent in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and underlies some socio-emotional difficulties usually attributed to autism. Socio-emotional abilities are examined during behavioural diagnostic assessments of autism, yet the effect of alexithymia on these assessments is not known. This study aimed to examine the associations between alexithymia and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) assessment scores. Method Two previously collected samples of ADOS assessments were used to examine the relationship between alexithymia and ADOS scores. Participants included 96 women with anorexia, and 147 adolescents who were either high in autistic symptoms, or whose twin had high autistic symptoms. We examined 1) the impact of alexithymia on meeting the criteria for autism/ASD, 2) correlations between alexithymia and ADOS subscales, and 3) whether alexithymia predicted scores on specific ADOS items, selected a priori based on existing literature. Results In the adolescent group, parent-reported (but not self-reported) alexithymia correlated with both ADOS sub-scales, predicted scores on ADOS items, and predicted meeting clinical cut-offs for an ASD/autism diagnosis. Few associations were observed in the anorexic sample between self-reported alexithymia and ADOS subscale and item scores, but the presence of alexithymia predicted the likelihood of meeting diagnostic criteria for autism/ASD in this sample. Conclusions Alexithymia does show relationships with ADOS assessment scores. We discuss potential clinical and research implications, particularly in studies of autism where the ADOS is often the only diagnostic measure used. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101531 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=421

Characteristics of autism spectrum disorder in anorexia nervosa: A naturalistic study in an inpatient treatment programme / Kate TCHANTURIA in Autism, 23-1 (January 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 23-1 (January 2019) . - p.123-130 Titre : Characteristics of autism spectrum disorder in anorexia nervosa: A naturalistic study in an inpatient treatment programme Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Kate TCHANTURIA, Auteur ; James ADAMSON, Auteur ; Jenni LEPPANEN, Auteur ; Heather WESTWOOD, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.123-130 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : anorexia nervosa  autism spectrum disorder  Autism Spectrum Quotient  short version  eating disorder  eating-disorders  cognitive remediation  anxiety disorders  social-adjustment  traits  quotient  work  comorbidity  impairment  overlap  Psychology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous research has demonstrated links between anorexia nervosa and autism spectrum disorder however, few studies have examined the possible impact of symptoms of autism spectrum disorder on clinical outcomes in anorexia nervosa. The aim of this study was to examine the association between symptoms of autism spectrum disorder and eating disorders, and other psychopathology during the course of inpatient treatment in individuals with anorexia nervosa. Participants with anorexia nervosa (n = 171) completed questionnaires exploring eating disorder psychopathology, symptoms of depression and anxiety, and everyday functioning at both admission and discharge. Characteristics associated with autism spectrum disorder were assessed using the Autism Spectrum Quotient, short version. Autism spectrum disorder symptoms were significantly positively correlated with eating disorder psychopathology, work and social functioning, and symptoms of depression and anxiety, but not with body mass index. Autism Spectrum Quotient, short version scores remained relatively stable from admission to discharge but there was a small, significant reduction in scores. There was no interaction between time and Autism Spectrum Quotient, short version scores on clinical symptom change. In anorexia nervosa, autism spectrum disorder symptoms appear to be associated with a more severe clinical presentation on admission to inpatient care. Autism spectrum disorder symptoms as assessed by self-report measures may be exacerbated by other mental health psychopathology, which warrants further investigation. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361317722431 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=379 [article] Characteristics of autism spectrum disorder in anorexia nervosa: A naturalistic study in an inpatient treatment programme [texte imprimé] / Kate TCHANTURIA, Auteur ; James ADAMSON, Auteur ; Jenni LEPPANEN, Auteur ; Heather WESTWOOD, Auteur . - p.123-130. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 23-1 (January 2019) . - p.123-130 Mots-clés : anorexia nervosa  autism spectrum disorder  Autism Spectrum Quotient  short version  eating disorder  eating-disorders  cognitive remediation  anxiety disorders  social-adjustment  traits  quotient  work  comorbidity  impairment  overlap  Psychology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous research has demonstrated links between anorexia nervosa and autism spectrum disorder however, few studies have examined the possible impact of symptoms of autism spectrum disorder on clinical outcomes in anorexia nervosa. The aim of this study was to examine the association between symptoms of autism spectrum disorder and eating disorders, and other psychopathology during the course of inpatient treatment in individuals with anorexia nervosa. Participants with anorexia nervosa (n = 171) completed questionnaires exploring eating disorder psychopathology, symptoms of depression and anxiety, and everyday functioning at both admission and discharge. Characteristics associated with autism spectrum disorder were assessed using the Autism Spectrum Quotient, short version. Autism spectrum disorder symptoms were significantly positively correlated with eating disorder psychopathology, work and social functioning, and symptoms of depression and anxiety, but not with body mass index. Autism Spectrum Quotient, short version scores remained relatively stable from admission to discharge but there was a small, significant reduction in scores. There was no interaction between time and Autism Spectrum Quotient, short version scores on clinical symptom change. In anorexia nervosa, autism spectrum disorder symptoms appear to be associated with a more severe clinical presentation on admission to inpatient care. Autism spectrum disorder symptoms as assessed by self-report measures may be exacerbated by other mental health psychopathology, which warrants further investigation. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361317722431 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=379

Clinical evaluation of autistic symptoms in women with anorexia nervosa / Heather WESTWOOD in Molecular Autism, 8 (2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 8 (2017) . - 12 p. Titre : Clinical evaluation of autistic symptoms in women with anorexia nervosa Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Heather WESTWOOD, Auteur ; William MANDY, Auteur ; Kate TCHANTURIA, Auteur Article en page(s) : 12 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Affective Symptoms/epidemiology  Anorexia Nervosa/*complications/*psychology  Autism Spectrum Disorder/*diagnosis  Cross-Sectional Studies  Female  Humans  Middle Aged  Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/epidemiology  Psychiatric Status Rating Scales  Self Report  Young Adult  *Ados-2  *Anorexia nervosa  *Autism spectrum disorder  *Eating disorder  *Female autism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Despite a suggested link between anorexia nervosa (AN) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), previous studies have used self-report or diagnostic criteria to assess for ASD in AN populations, rather than direct observation of symptom characteristic of ASD. The aim of this study was to use a standardised, clinical assessment of ASD, the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, 2nd Edition (ADOS-2), to investigate the presence of autistic symptoms in a cross-sectional sample of women with AN. METHODS: Sixty women were recruited from inpatient or day-patient specialist eating disorder services. Each participant underwent the ADOS-2 assessment and completed a set of self-report questionnaires assessing eating disorder pathology and other psychiatric symptoms. IQ was also assessed. RESULTS: Fourteen women (23.3%) scored above clinical cutoff for ASD on the ADOS-2. Only eight of these women displayed repetitive or restrictive behaviours, while all 14 had difficulties with social affect. Elevated ASD symptoms were associated with increased alexithymia and obsessive-compulsive symptoms, but not specific eating disorder pathology. CONCLUSIONS: ASD symptoms are over-represented in women with severe AN and appear to be associated with other psychiatric symptoms, which warrant further investigation and consideration in treatment. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-017-0128-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=331 [article] Clinical evaluation of autistic symptoms in women with anorexia nervosa [texte imprimé] / Heather WESTWOOD, Auteur ; William MANDY, Auteur ; Kate TCHANTURIA, Auteur . - 12 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 8 (2017) . - 12 p. Mots-clés : Adult  Affective Symptoms/epidemiology  Anorexia Nervosa/*complications/*psychology  Autism Spectrum Disorder/*diagnosis  Cross-Sectional Studies  Female  Humans  Middle Aged  Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/epidemiology  Psychiatric Status Rating Scales  Self Report  Young Adult  *Ados-2  *Anorexia nervosa  *Autism spectrum disorder  *Eating disorder  *Female autism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Despite a suggested link between anorexia nervosa (AN) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), previous studies have used self-report or diagnostic criteria to assess for ASD in AN populations, rather than direct observation of symptom characteristic of ASD. The aim of this study was to use a standardised, clinical assessment of ASD, the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, 2nd Edition (ADOS-2), to investigate the presence of autistic symptoms in a cross-sectional sample of women with AN. METHODS: Sixty women were recruited from inpatient or day-patient specialist eating disorder services. Each participant underwent the ADOS-2 assessment and completed a set of self-report questionnaires assessing eating disorder pathology and other psychiatric symptoms. IQ was also assessed. RESULTS: Fourteen women (23.3%) scored above clinical cutoff for ASD on the ADOS-2. Only eight of these women displayed repetitive or restrictive behaviours, while all 14 had difficulties with social affect. Elevated ASD symptoms were associated with increased alexithymia and obsessive-compulsive symptoms, but not specific eating disorder pathology. CONCLUSIONS: ASD symptoms are over-represented in women with severe AN and appear to be associated with other psychiatric symptoms, which warrant further investigation and consideration in treatment. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-017-0128-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=331

Using the Autism-Spectrum Quotient to Measure Autistic Traits in Anorexia Nervosa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis / Heather WESTWOOD in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46-3 (March 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-3 (March 2016) . - p.964-977 Titre : Using the Autism-Spectrum Quotient to Measure Autistic Traits in Anorexia Nervosa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Heather WESTWOOD, Auteur ; Ivan EISLER, Auteur ; William MANDY, Auteur ; Jenni LEPPANEN, Auteur ; Janet TREASURE, Auteur ; Kate TCHANTURIA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.964-977 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Systematic review  Meta-analysis  Anorexia Nervosa  Autism-Spectrum Quotient  Female Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Interest in the link between Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Anorexia Nervosa (AN) has led to estimates of the prevalence of autistic traits in AN. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the use of the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) or abbreviated version (AQ-10) to examine whether patients with AN have elevated levels of autistic traits. Seven studies were identified and subsequent meta-analysis indicated that those with AN appear to have significant difficulties of a manner characteristic of ASD, relative to controls. Whilst this analysis supports previous indications of higher prevalence of ASD in AN, the aetiology of these traits remains unclear. Studies using more robust clinical measures of ASD within AN are needed to confirm what self-report measures appear to show. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2641-0 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=281 [article] Using the Autism-Spectrum Quotient to Measure Autistic Traits in Anorexia Nervosa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [texte imprimé] / Heather WESTWOOD, Auteur ; Ivan EISLER, Auteur ; William MANDY, Auteur ; Jenni LEPPANEN, Auteur ; Janet TREASURE, Auteur ; Kate TCHANTURIA, Auteur . - p.964-977. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-3 (March 2016) . - p.964-977 Mots-clés : Autism  Systematic review  Meta-analysis  Anorexia Nervosa  Autism-Spectrum Quotient  Female Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Interest in the link between Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Anorexia Nervosa (AN) has led to estimates of the prevalence of autistic traits in AN. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the use of the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) or abbreviated version (AQ-10) to examine whether patients with AN have elevated levels of autistic traits. Seven studies were identified and subsequent meta-analysis indicated that those with AN appear to have significant difficulties of a manner characteristic of ASD, relative to controls. Whilst this analysis supports previous indications of higher prevalence of ASD in AN, the aetiology of these traits remains unclear. Studies using more robust clinical measures of ASD within AN are needed to confirm what self-report measures appear to show. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2641-0 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=281

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