Modulations of cognitive flexibility in obsessive compulsive disorder reflect dysfunctions of perceptual categorization / Nicole WOLFF in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58-8 (August 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-8 (August 2017) . - p.939-949 Titre : Modulations of cognitive flexibility in obsessive compulsive disorder reflect dysfunctions of perceptual categorization Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Nicole WOLFF, Auteur ; Judith BUSE, Auteur ; Jadwiga TOST, Auteur ; Veit ROESSNER, Auteur ; Christian BESTE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.939-949 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Obsessive compulsive disorder  perception  neurophysiology  event-related potential Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Despite cognitive inflexibility is trait like in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) patients and underlies clinical symptomatology, it is elusive at what stage of information processing deficits, leading to cognitive inflexibility, emerges. We hypothesize that inhibitory control mechanisms during early stimulus categorization and integration into a knowledge system underlie these deficits. Methods We examined N = 25 adolescent OCD patients and matched healthy controls (HC) in a paradigm manipulating the importance of the knowledge system to perform task switching. This was done using a paradigm in which task switches were signaled either by visual stimuli or by working memory processes. This was combined with event-related potential recordings and source localization. Results Obsessive compulsive disorder patients showed increased switch costs in the memory as compared with the cue-based block, while HC showed similar switch costs in both blocks. At the neurophysiological level, these changes in OCD were not reflected by the N2 and P3 reflecting response-associated processes but by the P1 reflecting inhibitory control during sensory categorization processes. Activation differences in the right inferior frontal gyrus and superior temporal gyrus are associated with the P1 effect. Conclusions Cognitive flexibility in adolescent OCD patients is strongly modulated by working memory load. Contrary to common sense, not response-associated processes, but inhibitory control mechanisms during early stimulus categorization processes are likely to underlie cognitive inflexibility in OCD. These processes are associated with right inferior frontal and superior temporal gyrus mechanisms. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12733 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=317 [article] Modulations of cognitive flexibility in obsessive compulsive disorder reflect dysfunctions of perceptual categorization [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Nicole WOLFF, Auteur ; Judith BUSE, Auteur ; Jadwiga TOST, Auteur ; Veit ROESSNER, Auteur ; Christian BESTE, Auteur . - p.939-949. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-8 (August 2017) . - p.939-949 Mots-clés : Obsessive compulsive disorder  perception  neurophysiology  event-related potential Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Despite cognitive inflexibility is trait like in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) patients and underlies clinical symptomatology, it is elusive at what stage of information processing deficits, leading to cognitive inflexibility, emerges. We hypothesize that inhibitory control mechanisms during early stimulus categorization and integration into a knowledge system underlie these deficits. Methods We examined N = 25 adolescent OCD patients and matched healthy controls (HC) in a paradigm manipulating the importance of the knowledge system to perform task switching. This was done using a paradigm in which task switches were signaled either by visual stimuli or by working memory processes. This was combined with event-related potential recordings and source localization. Results Obsessive compulsive disorder patients showed increased switch costs in the memory as compared with the cue-based block, while HC showed similar switch costs in both blocks. At the neurophysiological level, these changes in OCD were not reflected by the N2 and P3 reflecting response-associated processes but by the P1 reflecting inhibitory control during sensory categorization processes. Activation differences in the right inferior frontal gyrus and superior temporal gyrus are associated with the P1 effect. Conclusions Cognitive flexibility in adolescent OCD patients is strongly modulated by working memory load. Contrary to common sense, not response-associated processes, but inhibitory control mechanisms during early stimulus categorization processes are likely to underlie cognitive inflexibility in OCD. These processes are associated with right inferior frontal and superior temporal gyrus mechanisms. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12733 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=317

Phenotypic differences between female and male individuals with suspicion of autism spectrum disorder / Sanna STROTH in Molecular Autism, 13 (2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 13 (2022) . - 11 p. Titre : Phenotypic differences between female and male individuals with suspicion of autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sanna STROTH, Auteur ; Johannes TAUSCHER, Auteur ; Nicole WOLFF, Auteur ; Charlotte KÜPPER, Auteur ; Luise POUSTKA, Auteur ; Stefan ROEPKE, Auteur ; Veit ROESSNER, Auteur ; Dominik HEIDER, Auteur ; Inge KAMP-BECKER, Auteur Article en page(s) : 11 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Affect  Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis  Autistic Disorder  Female  Humans  Intellectual Disability/diagnosis  Male  Adi-r  Ados  Asd  Diagnostics  Female autism  Phenotype  Sex Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Although autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common developmental disorder, our knowledge about a behavioral and neurobiological female phenotype is still scarce. As the conceptualization and understanding of ASD are mainly based on the investigation of male individuals, females with ASD may not be adequately identified by routine clinical diagnostics. The present machine learning approach aimed to identify diagnostic information from the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) that discriminates best between ASD and non-ASD in females and males. METHODS: Random forests (RF) were used to discover patterns of symptoms in diagnostic data from the ADOS (modules 3 and 4) in 1057 participants with ASD (18.1% female) and 1230 participants with non-ASD (17.9% % female). Predictive performances of reduced feature models were explored and compared between females and males without intellectual disabilities. RESULTS: Reduced feature models relied on considerably fewer features from the ADOS in females compared to males, while still yielding similar classification performance (e.g., sensitivity, specificity). LIMITATIONS: As in previous studies, the current sample of females with ASD is smaller than the male sample and thus, females may still be underrepresented, limiting the statistical power to detect small to moderate effects. CONCLUSION: Our results do not suggest the need for new or altered diagnostic algorithms for females with ASD. Although we identified some phenotypic differences between females and males, the existing diagnostic tools seem to sufficiently capture the core autistic features in both groups. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-022-00491-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=477 [article] Phenotypic differences between female and male individuals with suspicion of autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sanna STROTH, Auteur ; Johannes TAUSCHER, Auteur ; Nicole WOLFF, Auteur ; Charlotte KÜPPER, Auteur ; Luise POUSTKA, Auteur ; Stefan ROEPKE, Auteur ; Veit ROESSNER, Auteur ; Dominik HEIDER, Auteur ; Inge KAMP-BECKER, Auteur . - 11 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 13 (2022) . - 11 p. Mots-clés : Affect  Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis  Autistic Disorder  Female  Humans  Intellectual Disability/diagnosis  Male  Adi-r  Ados  Asd  Diagnostics  Female autism  Phenotype  Sex Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Although autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common developmental disorder, our knowledge about a behavioral and neurobiological female phenotype is still scarce. As the conceptualization and understanding of ASD are mainly based on the investigation of male individuals, females with ASD may not be adequately identified by routine clinical diagnostics. The present machine learning approach aimed to identify diagnostic information from the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) that discriminates best between ASD and non-ASD in females and males. METHODS: Random forests (RF) were used to discover patterns of symptoms in diagnostic data from the ADOS (modules 3 and 4) in 1057 participants with ASD (18.1% female) and 1230 participants with non-ASD (17.9% % female). Predictive performances of reduced feature models were explored and compared between females and males without intellectual disabilities. RESULTS: Reduced feature models relied on considerably fewer features from the ADOS in females compared to males, while still yielding similar classification performance (e.g., sensitivity, specificity). LIMITATIONS: As in previous studies, the current sample of females with ASD is smaller than the male sample and thus, females may still be underrepresented, limiting the statistical power to detect small to moderate effects. CONCLUSION: Our results do not suggest the need for new or altered diagnostic algorithms for females with ASD. Although we identified some phenotypic differences between females and males, the existing diagnostic tools seem to sufficiently capture the core autistic features in both groups. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-022-00491-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=477

Using machine learning to improve diagnostic assessment of ASD in the light of specific differential and co-occurring diagnoses / Martin SCHULTE-RUTHER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 64-1 (January 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 64-1 (January 2023) . - p.16-26 Titre : Using machine learning to improve diagnostic assessment of ASD in the light of specific differential and co-occurring diagnoses Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Martin SCHULTE-RUTHER, Auteur ; Tomas KULVICIUS, Auteur ; Sanna STROTH, Auteur ; Nicole WOLFF, Auteur ; Veit ROESSNER, Auteur ; Peter B. MARSCHIK, Auteur ; Inge KAMP-BECKER, Auteur ; Luise POUSTKA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.16-26 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Diagnostic assessment of ASD requires substantial clinical experience and is particularly difficult in the context of other disorders with behavioral symptoms in the domain of social interaction and communication. Observation measures such as the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) do not take into account such co-occurring disorders. Method We used a well-characterized clinical sample of individuals (n=1,251) that had received detailed outpatient evaluation for the presence of an ASD diagnosis (n=481) and covered a range of additional overlapping diagnoses, including anxiety-related disorders (ANX, n=122), ADHD (n=439), and conduct disorder (CD, n=194). We focused on ADOS module 3, covering the age range with particular high prevalence of such differential diagnoses. We used machine learning (ML) and trained random forest models on ADOS single item scores to predict a clinical best-estimate diagnosis of ASD in the context of these differential diagnoses (ASD vs. ANX, ASD vs. ADHD, ASD vs. CD), in the context of co-occurring ADHD, and an unspecific model using all available data. We employed nested cross-validation for an unbiased estimate of classification performance and made available a Webapp to showcase the results and feasibility for translation into clinical practice. Results We obtained very good overall sensitivity (0.89-0.94) and specificity (0.87-0.89). In particular for individuals with less severe symptoms, our models showed increases of up to 35% in sensitivity or specificity. Furthermore, we analyzed item importance profiles of the ANX, ADHD, and CD models in comparison with the unspecific model revealing distinct patterns of importance for specific ADOS items with respect to differential diagnoses. Conclusions ML-based diagnostic classification may improve clinical decisions by utilizing the full range of information from detailed diagnostic observation instruments such as the ADOS. Importantly, this strategy might be of particular relevance for older children with less severe symptoms for whom the diagnostic decision is often particularly difficult. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13650 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=490 [article] Using machine learning to improve diagnostic assessment of ASD in the light of specific differential and co-occurring diagnoses [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Martin SCHULTE-RUTHER, Auteur ; Tomas KULVICIUS, Auteur ; Sanna STROTH, Auteur ; Nicole WOLFF, Auteur ; Veit ROESSNER, Auteur ; Peter B. MARSCHIK, Auteur ; Inge KAMP-BECKER, Auteur ; Luise POUSTKA, Auteur . - p.16-26. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 64-1 (January 2023) . - p.16-26 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Diagnostic assessment of ASD requires substantial clinical experience and is particularly difficult in the context of other disorders with behavioral symptoms in the domain of social interaction and communication. Observation measures such as the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) do not take into account such co-occurring disorders. Method We used a well-characterized clinical sample of individuals (n=1,251) that had received detailed outpatient evaluation for the presence of an ASD diagnosis (n=481) and covered a range of additional overlapping diagnoses, including anxiety-related disorders (ANX, n=122), ADHD (n=439), and conduct disorder (CD, n=194). We focused on ADOS module 3, covering the age range with particular high prevalence of such differential diagnoses. We used machine learning (ML) and trained random forest models on ADOS single item scores to predict a clinical best-estimate diagnosis of ASD in the context of these differential diagnoses (ASD vs. ANX, ASD vs. ADHD, ASD vs. CD), in the context of co-occurring ADHD, and an unspecific model using all available data. We employed nested cross-validation for an unbiased estimate of classification performance and made available a Webapp to showcase the results and feasibility for translation into clinical practice. Results We obtained very good overall sensitivity (0.89-0.94) and specificity (0.87-0.89). In particular for individuals with less severe symptoms, our models showed increases of up to 35% in sensitivity or specificity. Furthermore, we analyzed item importance profiles of the ANX, ADHD, and CD models in comparison with the unspecific model revealing distinct patterns of importance for specific ADOS items with respect to differential diagnoses. Conclusions ML-based diagnostic classification may improve clinical decisions by utilizing the full range of information from detailed diagnostic observation instruments such as the ADOS. Importantly, this strategy might be of particular relevance for older children with less severe symptoms for whom the diagnostic decision is often particularly difficult. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13650 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=490

When repetitive mental sets increase cognitive flexibility in adolescent obsessive–compulsive disorder / Nicole WOLFF in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 59-9 (September 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 59-9 (September 2018) . - p.1024-1032 Titre : When repetitive mental sets increase cognitive flexibility in adolescent obsessive–compulsive disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Nicole WOLFF, Auteur ; Franziska GILLER, Auteur ; Judith BUSE, Auteur ; Veit ROESSNER, Auteur ; Christian BESTE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1024-1032 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Obsessive–compulsive disorder  cognitive flexibility  neurophysiology  event-related potential Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background A major facet of obsessive?compulsive disorder (OCD) is cognitive inflexibility. However, sometimes, cognitive flexibility can be needed to reuse recently abandoned mental sets. Therefore, cognitive flexibility can in certain cases be useful to reinstate some form of rigid, repetitive behavior characterizing OCD. We test the counterintuitive hypothesis that under such circumstances, cognitive flexibility is better in OCD patients than controls. Methods We examined N = 20 adolescent OCD patients and N = 22 controls in a backward inhibition (BI) paradigm. This was combined with event-related potential (ERP) recordings and source localization. The BI effect describes the cost of overcoming the inhibition of a recently abandoned mental set that is relevant again. Therefore, a strong BI effect is disadvantageous for cognitive flexibility. Results Compared to controls, OCD patients revealed a smaller backward inhibition effect. The EEG data revealed larger P1 amplitudes in backward inhibition trials in the OCD group, which was due to activation differences in the inferior frontal gyrus (BA47). The severity of clinical symptoms predicted these neurophysiological modulations. The power of the observed effects was about 95%. Conclusions The study shows that cognitive flexibility can be better in OCD than controls. This may be the case in situations where superior abilities in the reactivation of repeating mental sets and difficulties to process new ones coincide. This may be accomplished by intensified inhibitory control mechanisms. The results challenge the view on OCD, since OCD is not generally associated with cognitive inflexibility. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12901 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=368 [article] When repetitive mental sets increase cognitive flexibility in adolescent obsessive–compulsive disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Nicole WOLFF, Auteur ; Franziska GILLER, Auteur ; Judith BUSE, Auteur ; Veit ROESSNER, Auteur ; Christian BESTE, Auteur . - p.1024-1032. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 59-9 (September 2018) . - p.1024-1032 Mots-clés : Obsessive–compulsive disorder  cognitive flexibility  neurophysiology  event-related potential Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background A major facet of obsessive?compulsive disorder (OCD) is cognitive inflexibility. However, sometimes, cognitive flexibility can be needed to reuse recently abandoned mental sets. Therefore, cognitive flexibility can in certain cases be useful to reinstate some form of rigid, repetitive behavior characterizing OCD. We test the counterintuitive hypothesis that under such circumstances, cognitive flexibility is better in OCD patients than controls. Methods We examined N = 20 adolescent OCD patients and N = 22 controls in a backward inhibition (BI) paradigm. This was combined with event-related potential (ERP) recordings and source localization. The BI effect describes the cost of overcoming the inhibition of a recently abandoned mental set that is relevant again. Therefore, a strong BI effect is disadvantageous for cognitive flexibility. Results Compared to controls, OCD patients revealed a smaller backward inhibition effect. The EEG data revealed larger P1 amplitudes in backward inhibition trials in the OCD group, which was due to activation differences in the inferior frontal gyrus (BA47). The severity of clinical symptoms predicted these neurophysiological modulations. The power of the observed effects was about 95%. Conclusions The study shows that cognitive flexibility can be better in OCD than controls. This may be the case in situations where superior abilities in the reactivation of repeating mental sets and difficulties to process new ones coincide. This may be accomplished by intensified inhibitory control mechanisms. The results challenge the view on OCD, since OCD is not generally associated with cognitive inflexibility. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12901 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=368

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