Functional MRI connectivity of children with autism and low verbal and cognitive performance / T. P. GABRIELSEN in Molecular Autism, 9 (2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 9 (2018) . - 67 p. Titre : Functional MRI connectivity of children with autism and low verbal and cognitive performance Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : T. P. GABRIELSEN, Auteur ; Jeffrey S. ANDERSON, Auteur ; K. G. STEPHENSON, Auteur ; J. BECK, Auteur ; J. B. KING, Auteur ; R. KELLEMS, Auteur ; D. N. TOP, Auteur ; N. C. C. RUSSELL, Auteur ; Emily I. ANDERBERG, Auteur ; R. A. LUNDWALL, Auteur ; B. HANSEN, Auteur ; M. SOUTH, Auteur Article en page(s) : 67 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent  Autistic Disorder/*diagnostic imaging/physiopathology  Case-Control Studies  Child  *Cognition  Female  Humans  Intelligence  *Language Development  Magnetic Resonance Imaging  Male  *Autism spectrum disorder  *Functional connectivity  *Imaging methodology  *Intelligence  *Language  Institutional Review Board, protocol #F25403. Written informed consent was  obtained from parents, with assent obtained from participants following video  review of procedures.The boy who modeled the MRI procedures in the video modeling  procedure was filmed, and the final video was shared, with written permission of  both of his parents and with his own assent.The authors declare that they have no  competing interests.Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional  claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Functional neuroimaging research in autism spectrum disorder has reported patterns of decreased long-range, within-network, and interhemispheric connectivity. Research has also reported increased corticostriatal connectivity and between-network connectivity for default and attentional networks. Past studies have excluded individuals with autism and low verbal and cognitive performance (LVCP), so connectivity in individuals more significantly affected with autism has not yet been studied. This represents a critical gap in our understanding of brain function across the autism spectrum. Methods: Using behavioral support procedures adapted from Nordahl, et al. (J Neurodev Disord 8:20-20, 2016), we completed non-sedated structural and functional MRI scans of 56 children ages 7-17, including LVCP children (n = 17, mean IQ = 54), children with autism and higher performance (HVCP, n = 20, mean IQ = 106), and neurotypical children (NT, n = 19, mean IQ = 111). Preparation included detailed intake questionnaires, video modeling, behavioral and anxiety reduction techniques, active noise-canceling headphones, and in-scan presentation of the Inscapes movie paradigm from Vanderwal et al. (Neuroimage 122:222-32, 2015). A high temporal resolution multiband echoplanar fMRI protocol analyzed motion-free time series data, extracted from concatenated volumes to mitigate the influence of motion artifact. All participants had > 200 volumes of motion-free fMRI scanning. Analyses were corrected for multiple comparisons. Results: LVCP showed decreased within-network connectivity in default, salience, auditory, and frontoparietal networks (LVCP < HVCP) and decreased interhemispheric connectivity (LVCP < HVCP=NT). Between-network connectivity was higher for LVCP than NT between default and dorsal attention and frontoparietal networks. Lower IQ was associated with decreased connectivity within the default network and increased connectivity between default and dorsal attention networks. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that with moderate levels of support, including readily available techniques, information about brain similarities and differences in LVCP individuals can be further studied. This initial study suggested decreased network segmentation and integration in LVCP individuals. Further imaging studies of LVCP individuals with larger samples will add to understanding of origins and effects of autism on brain function and behavior. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-018-0248-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=389 [article] Functional MRI connectivity of children with autism and low verbal and cognitive performance [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / T. P. GABRIELSEN, Auteur ; Jeffrey S. ANDERSON, Auteur ; K. G. STEPHENSON, Auteur ; J. BECK, Auteur ; J. B. KING, Auteur ; R. KELLEMS, Auteur ; D. N. TOP, Auteur ; N. C. C. RUSSELL, Auteur ; Emily I. ANDERBERG, Auteur ; R. A. LUNDWALL, Auteur ; B. HANSEN, Auteur ; M. SOUTH, Auteur . - 67 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 9 (2018) . - 67 p. Mots-clés : Adolescent  Autistic Disorder/*diagnostic imaging/physiopathology  Case-Control Studies  Child  *Cognition  Female  Humans  Intelligence  *Language Development  Magnetic Resonance Imaging  Male  *Autism spectrum disorder  *Functional connectivity  *Imaging methodology  *Intelligence  *Language  Institutional Review Board, protocol #F25403. Written informed consent was  obtained from parents, with assent obtained from participants following video  review of procedures.The boy who modeled the MRI procedures in the video modeling  procedure was filmed, and the final video was shared, with written permission of  both of his parents and with his own assent.The authors declare that they have no  competing interests.Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional  claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Functional neuroimaging research in autism spectrum disorder has reported patterns of decreased long-range, within-network, and interhemispheric connectivity. Research has also reported increased corticostriatal connectivity and between-network connectivity for default and attentional networks. Past studies have excluded individuals with autism and low verbal and cognitive performance (LVCP), so connectivity in individuals more significantly affected with autism has not yet been studied. This represents a critical gap in our understanding of brain function across the autism spectrum. Methods: Using behavioral support procedures adapted from Nordahl, et al. (J Neurodev Disord 8:20-20, 2016), we completed non-sedated structural and functional MRI scans of 56 children ages 7-17, including LVCP children (n = 17, mean IQ = 54), children with autism and higher performance (HVCP, n = 20, mean IQ = 106), and neurotypical children (NT, n = 19, mean IQ = 111). Preparation included detailed intake questionnaires, video modeling, behavioral and anxiety reduction techniques, active noise-canceling headphones, and in-scan presentation of the Inscapes movie paradigm from Vanderwal et al. (Neuroimage 122:222-32, 2015). A high temporal resolution multiband echoplanar fMRI protocol analyzed motion-free time series data, extracted from concatenated volumes to mitigate the influence of motion artifact. All participants had > 200 volumes of motion-free fMRI scanning. Analyses were corrected for multiple comparisons. Results: LVCP showed decreased within-network connectivity in default, salience, auditory, and frontoparietal networks (LVCP < HVCP) and decreased interhemispheric connectivity (LVCP < HVCP=NT). Between-network connectivity was higher for LVCP than NT between default and dorsal attention and frontoparietal networks. Lower IQ was associated with decreased connectivity within the default network and increased connectivity between default and dorsal attention networks. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that with moderate levels of support, including readily available techniques, information about brain similarities and differences in LVCP individuals can be further studied. This initial study suggested decreased network segmentation and integration in LVCP individuals. Further imaging studies of LVCP individuals with larger samples will add to understanding of origins and effects of autism on brain function and behavior. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-018-0248-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=389

"Intolerance of uncertainty" mediates the relationship between social profile and anxiety in both Williams syndrome and autism / M. SOUTH in Autism Research, 14-9 (September 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-9 (September 2021) . - p.1986-1995 Titre : "Intolerance of uncertainty" mediates the relationship between social profile and anxiety in both Williams syndrome and autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : M. SOUTH, Auteur ; M. HANLEY, Auteur ; K. NORMANSELL-MOSSA, Auteur ; N. C. C. RUSSELL, Auteur ; Thomas CAWTHORNE, Auteur ; D. M. RIBY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1986-1995 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent  Adult  Anxiety/complications  Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications  Autistic Disorder/complications  Child  Child, Preschool  Cross-Sectional Studies  Humans  Uncertainty  Williams Syndrome/complications  Young Adult  Intolerance of Uncertainty  Williams syndrome  anxiety  autism  children  social function  social profile Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Anxiety is the most significant mental health concern for both Williams syndrome (WS) and autism. Whilst WS and autism are characterized by some syndrome-specific social differences, less is known about cross-syndrome profiles of anxiety symptoms. Previous research has shown that Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU) is a core mechanism of anxiety maintenance for clinically anxious populations and for autistic children, adolescents, and adults. The only published study in this area for WS has shown some similar patterns-with an added emphasis on the role of sensory sensitivities-in a sample of older teens and adults (mean age = 24), with the authors highlighting the need for younger samples to consider developmental influences. Here we report a cross-syndrome, cross-sectional mediation analyses of children diagnosed with WS or autism, including data from parent surveys of 90 children with WS (n = 48) or autism (n = 42). Group differences showed higher trait levels on all measures for the autism group. Importantly, the relationship between social profile and anxiety was fully mediated by IU level for both groups. This suggests possible similar core mechanisms underlying anxiety in these conditions, and the possibility of generalized intervention approaches especially related to managing distress related to uncertainty in multiple contexts. LAY SUMMARY: Autism and Williams Syndrome share some similarities in social profile and also in anxiety traits, but there are also some key differences as well. Comparing them side-by-side at the same time improved identification of ways to reduce feelings of anxiety. We found that the intolerance of uncertainty affected the relationship between social profile and anxiety in the same way for young children diagnosed with autism or Williams syndrome, meaning that intervention approaches could be similar for both. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2554 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450 [article] "Intolerance of uncertainty" mediates the relationship between social profile and anxiety in both Williams syndrome and autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / M. SOUTH, Auteur ; M. HANLEY, Auteur ; K. NORMANSELL-MOSSA, Auteur ; N. C. C. RUSSELL, Auteur ; Thomas CAWTHORNE, Auteur ; D. M. RIBY, Auteur . - p.1986-1995. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-9 (September 2021) . - p.1986-1995 Mots-clés : Adolescent  Adult  Anxiety/complications  Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications  Autistic Disorder/complications  Child  Child, Preschool  Cross-Sectional Studies  Humans  Uncertainty  Williams Syndrome/complications  Young Adult  Intolerance of Uncertainty  Williams syndrome  anxiety  autism  children  social function  social profile Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Anxiety is the most significant mental health concern for both Williams syndrome (WS) and autism. Whilst WS and autism are characterized by some syndrome-specific social differences, less is known about cross-syndrome profiles of anxiety symptoms. Previous research has shown that Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU) is a core mechanism of anxiety maintenance for clinically anxious populations and for autistic children, adolescents, and adults. The only published study in this area for WS has shown some similar patterns-with an added emphasis on the role of sensory sensitivities-in a sample of older teens and adults (mean age = 24), with the authors highlighting the need for younger samples to consider developmental influences. Here we report a cross-syndrome, cross-sectional mediation analyses of children diagnosed with WS or autism, including data from parent surveys of 90 children with WS (n = 48) or autism (n = 42). Group differences showed higher trait levels on all measures for the autism group. Importantly, the relationship between social profile and anxiety was fully mediated by IU level for both groups. This suggests possible similar core mechanisms underlying anxiety in these conditions, and the possibility of generalized intervention approaches especially related to managing distress related to uncertainty in multiple contexts. LAY SUMMARY: Autism and Williams Syndrome share some similarities in social profile and also in anxiety traits, but there are also some key differences as well. Comparing them side-by-side at the same time improved identification of ways to reduce feelings of anxiety. We found that the intolerance of uncertainty affected the relationship between social profile and anxiety in the same way for young children diagnosed with autism or Williams syndrome, meaning that intervention approaches could be similar for both. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2554 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450

Not So Fast: Autistic traits and Anxious Apprehension in Real-World Visual Search Scenarios / N. C. C. RUSSELL in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49-5 (May 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 49-5 (May 2019) . - p.1795-1806 Titre : Not So Fast: Autistic traits and Anxious Apprehension in Real-World Visual Search Scenarios Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : N. C. C. RUSSELL, Auteur ; S. G. LUKE, Auteur ; R. A. LUNDWALL, Auteur ; M. SOUTH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1795-1806 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Anxiety  Autism  Contextual integration  Eye tracking  Visual search Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic individuals have shown superior performance in simple, albeit difficult, visual search tasks. We compared eye movements and behavioral markers across two visual search tasks based on real-world scenes in young adults. Context-aided search increased speed and accuracy for all groups. Autistic adults (n = 29) were on average consistently slower and less accurate than a non-anxious neurotypical comparison group (n = 48), but similar to neurotypical adults with elevated anxious apprehension (n = 26). Dimensional analyses suggest that autism traits, not anxious apprehension, are most associated with search efficiency of naturalistic stimuli suggesting that autistic individuals can effectively integrate contextual information to aid visual search, but that advantages in less visually complex tasks, reported in previous studies, may not transfer to situations involving real-world scenes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-03874-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=393 [article] Not So Fast: Autistic traits and Anxious Apprehension in Real-World Visual Search Scenarios [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / N. C. C. RUSSELL, Auteur ; S. G. LUKE, Auteur ; R. A. LUNDWALL, Auteur ; M. SOUTH, Auteur . - p.1795-1806. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 49-5 (May 2019) . - p.1795-1806 Mots-clés : Anxiety  Autism  Contextual integration  Eye tracking  Visual search Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic individuals have shown superior performance in simple, albeit difficult, visual search tasks. We compared eye movements and behavioral markers across two visual search tasks based on real-world scenes in young adults. Context-aided search increased speed and accuracy for all groups. Autistic adults (n = 29) were on average consistently slower and less accurate than a non-anxious neurotypical comparison group (n = 48), but similar to neurotypical adults with elevated anxious apprehension (n = 26). Dimensional analyses suggest that autism traits, not anxious apprehension, are most associated with search efficiency of naturalistic stimuli suggesting that autistic individuals can effectively integrate contextual information to aid visual search, but that advantages in less visually complex tasks, reported in previous studies, may not transfer to situations involving real-world scenes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-03874-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=393

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