Dépouillements

Editorial: ADHD as a reinforcement disorder – moving from general effects to identifying (six) specific models to test / Edmund J. S. SONUGA-BARKE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52-9 (September 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-9 (September 2011) . - p.917-918 Titre : Editorial: ADHD as a reinforcement disorder – moving from general effects to identifying (six) specific models to test Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Edmund J. S. SONUGA-BARKE, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.917-918 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02444.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=141 [article] Editorial: ADHD as a reinforcement disorder – moving from general effects to identifying (six) specific models to test [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Edmund J. S. SONUGA-BARKE, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.917-918. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-9 (September 2011) . - p.917-918 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02444.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=141

The effects of severe psychosocial deprivation and foster care intervention on cognitive development at 8 years of age: findings from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project / Nathan A. FOX in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52-9 (September 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-9 (September 2011) . - p.919-928 Titre : The effects of severe psychosocial deprivation and foster care intervention on cognitive development at 8 years of age: findings from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Nathan A. FOX, Auteur ; Alisa N. ALMAS, Auteur ; Kathryn A. DEGNAN, Auteur ; Charles A. III NELSON, Auteur ; Charles H. ZEANAH, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.919-928 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Family factors  institutions  intelligence  intervention  neglect Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Previous reports from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project suggested that children removed from institutions and placed into intervention displayed gains in IQ relative to children randomized to remain in institutional care. Method:  The current report presents data from the 8-year follow-up of these children. One hundred and three of the original 136 children in the study were tested with the WISC IV. Results:  Results reveal continued benefit from the intervention even though many of the children in both the intervention and control groups were no longer residing in their initial placements. Gains in IQ were particularly evident for those children who remained with their intervention family. There were also modest timing effects such that children placed earlier displayed higher scores on the WISC processing speed subscale. Early placement was also a significant predictor of a profile of stable, typical IQ scores over time. Conclusion:  These data suggest the continued importance of early intervention and the negative effects of severe psychosocial deprivation on the development of IQ scores across early childhood. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02355.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=141 [article] The effects of severe psychosocial deprivation and foster care intervention on cognitive development at 8 years of age: findings from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Nathan A. FOX, Auteur ; Alisa N. ALMAS, Auteur ; Kathryn A. DEGNAN, Auteur ; Charles A. III NELSON, Auteur ; Charles H. ZEANAH, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.919-928. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-9 (September 2011) . - p.919-928 Mots-clés : Family factors  institutions  intelligence  intervention  neglect Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Previous reports from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project suggested that children removed from institutions and placed into intervention displayed gains in IQ relative to children randomized to remain in institutional care. Method:  The current report presents data from the 8-year follow-up of these children. One hundred and three of the original 136 children in the study were tested with the WISC IV. Results:  Results reveal continued benefit from the intervention even though many of the children in both the intervention and control groups were no longer residing in their initial placements. Gains in IQ were particularly evident for those children who remained with their intervention family. There were also modest timing effects such that children placed earlier displayed higher scores on the WISC processing speed subscale. Early placement was also a significant predictor of a profile of stable, typical IQ scores over time. Conclusion:  These data suggest the continued importance of early intervention and the negative effects of severe psychosocial deprivation on the development of IQ scores across early childhood. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02355.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=141

Commentary: Handling long-term attrition in randomised controlled field trials: Lessons from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project and reflections on Fox et al. (2011) / Robert B. MCCALL in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52-9 (September 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-9 (September 2011) . - p.929-930 Titre : Commentary: Handling long-term attrition in randomised controlled field trials: Lessons from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project and reflections on Fox et al. (2011) Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Robert B. MCCALL, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.929-930 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02429.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=141 [article] Commentary: Handling long-term attrition in randomised controlled field trials: Lessons from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project and reflections on Fox et al. (2011) [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Robert B. MCCALL, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.929-930. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-9 (September 2011) . - p.929-930 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02429.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=141

Commentary response: Handling long-term attrition in randomised controlled field trials: novel approaches by BEIP and a response to McCall (2011) / Nathan A. FOX in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52-9 (September 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-9 (September 2011) . - p.931-932 Titre : Commentary response: Handling long-term attrition in randomised controlled field trials: novel approaches by BEIP and a response to McCall (2011) Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Nathan A. FOX, Auteur ; Alisa N. ALMAS, Auteur ; Kathryn A. DEGNAN, Auteur ; Charles A. III NELSON, Auteur ; Charles H. ZEANAH, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.931-932 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02449.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=141 [article] Commentary response: Handling long-term attrition in randomised controlled field trials: novel approaches by BEIP and a response to McCall (2011) [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Nathan A. FOX, Auteur ; Alisa N. ALMAS, Auteur ; Kathryn A. DEGNAN, Auteur ; Charles A. III NELSON, Auteur ; Charles H. ZEANAH, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.931-932. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-9 (September 2011) . - p.931-932 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02449.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=141

Factors associated with acceptance of peers with mental health problems in childhood and adolescence / Lorraine SWORDS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52-9 (September 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-9 (September 2011) . - p.933-941 Titre : Factors associated with acceptance of peers with mental health problems in childhood and adolescence Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lorraine SWORDS, Auteur ; Caroline HEARY, Auteur ; Eilis HENNESSY, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.933-941 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Peer acceptance  mental health problems  ADHD  depression Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Research suggests that children’s reactions to peers with mental health problems are related to the maintenance and outcomes of these problems. However, children’s perceptions of such peers, particularly those with internalising problems, are neither well researched nor understood. The present study aimed to test a series of models relating socio-demographic and attributional variables to the acceptance of hypothetical boys and girls with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and depression. Methods:  A sample of 595 participants, drawn from five different age-groups spanning early childhood to late adolescence, completed a booklet of questions in response to two vignettes describing the behaviour of hypothetical target peers with depression and ADHD. The sample was drawn from schools randomly selected in the east of Ireland. Results:  The models indicated that age and gender of the participant, and the perceived responsibility of the target character for his/her condition, were the three most important predictors of acceptance in all models. However, the relationship between these variables and acceptance varied depending on the gender of the target child and the condition (depression or ADHD) in the models tested. Conclusions:  The findings of the study suggest that the relationships between socio-demographic and attributional variables and acceptance of peers with mental health problems depend on the type of mental health problem under consideration. The findings have implications for the development of information and education programmes to improve the integration of children with mental health problems. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02351.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=141 [article] Factors associated with acceptance of peers with mental health problems in childhood and adolescence [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lorraine SWORDS, Auteur ; Caroline HEARY, Auteur ; Eilis HENNESSY, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.933-941. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-9 (September 2011) . - p.933-941 Mots-clés : Peer acceptance  mental health problems  ADHD  depression Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Research suggests that children’s reactions to peers with mental health problems are related to the maintenance and outcomes of these problems. However, children’s perceptions of such peers, particularly those with internalising problems, are neither well researched nor understood. The present study aimed to test a series of models relating socio-demographic and attributional variables to the acceptance of hypothetical boys and girls with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and depression. Methods:  A sample of 595 participants, drawn from five different age-groups spanning early childhood to late adolescence, completed a booklet of questions in response to two vignettes describing the behaviour of hypothetical target peers with depression and ADHD. The sample was drawn from schools randomly selected in the east of Ireland. Results:  The models indicated that age and gender of the participant, and the perceived responsibility of the target character for his/her condition, were the three most important predictors of acceptance in all models. However, the relationship between these variables and acceptance varied depending on the gender of the target child and the condition (depression or ADHD) in the models tested. Conclusions:  The findings of the study suggest that the relationships between socio-demographic and attributional variables and acceptance of peers with mental health problems depend on the type of mental health problem under consideration. The findings have implications for the development of information and education programmes to improve the integration of children with mental health problems. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02351.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=141

ERPs associated with monitoring and evaluation of monetary reward and punishment in children with ADHD / Catharina S. VAN MEEL in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52-9 (September 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-9 (September 2011) . - p.942-953 Titre : ERPs associated with monitoring and evaluation of monetary reward and punishment in children with ADHD Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Catharina S. VAN MEEL, Auteur ; Dirk J. HESLENFELD, Auteur ; Jaap OOSTERLAAN, Auteur ; Marjolein LUMAN, Auteur ; Joseph A. SERGEANT, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.942-953 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ADHD  ERN  FRN  motivation  reinforcement  feedback Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Several models of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) propose abnormalities in the response to behavioural contingencies. Using event-related potentials (ERPs), the present study investigated the monitoring and subsequent evaluation of performance feedback resulting in either reward or punishment in children with ADHD (N = 18) and normal controls (N = 18) aged 8 to 12 years. Methods:  Children performed a time production task, in which visual performance feedback was given after each response. To manipulate its motivational salience, feedback was coupled with monetary gains, losses or no incentives. Results:  Performance feedback signalling omitted gains as well as omitted losses evoked a feedback-related negativity (FRN) in control children. The FRN, however, was entirely absent in children with ADHD in all conditions. Moreover, while losses elicited enhanced amplitudes of the late positive potential (LPP) in controls, omitted rewards had this effect in ADHD. Conclusions:  The lack of modulation of the FRN by contingencies in ADHD suggests deficient detection of environmental cues as a function of their motivational significance. LPP findings suggest diminished response to punishment, but oversensitivity to the loss of desired rewards. These findings suggest that children with ADHD have problems assigning relative motivational significance to outcomes of their actions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02352.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=141 [article] ERPs associated with monitoring and evaluation of monetary reward and punishment in children with ADHD [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Catharina S. VAN MEEL, Auteur ; Dirk J. HESLENFELD, Auteur ; Jaap OOSTERLAAN, Auteur ; Marjolein LUMAN, Auteur ; Joseph A. SERGEANT, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.942-953. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-9 (September 2011) . - p.942-953 Mots-clés : ADHD  ERN  FRN  motivation  reinforcement  feedback Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Several models of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) propose abnormalities in the response to behavioural contingencies. Using event-related potentials (ERPs), the present study investigated the monitoring and subsequent evaluation of performance feedback resulting in either reward or punishment in children with ADHD (N = 18) and normal controls (N = 18) aged 8 to 12 years. Methods:  Children performed a time production task, in which visual performance feedback was given after each response. To manipulate its motivational salience, feedback was coupled with monetary gains, losses or no incentives. Results:  Performance feedback signalling omitted gains as well as omitted losses evoked a feedback-related negativity (FRN) in control children. The FRN, however, was entirely absent in children with ADHD in all conditions. Moreover, while losses elicited enhanced amplitudes of the late positive potential (LPP) in controls, omitted rewards had this effect in ADHD. Conclusions:  The lack of modulation of the FRN by contingencies in ADHD suggests deficient detection of environmental cues as a function of their motivational significance. LPP findings suggest diminished response to punishment, but oversensitivity to the loss of desired rewards. These findings suggest that children with ADHD have problems assigning relative motivational significance to outcomes of their actions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02352.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=141

Developmental trajectories of DSM-IV symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: genetic effects, family risk and associated psychopathology / Henrik LARSSON in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52-9 (September 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-9 (September 2011) . - p.954-963 Titre : Developmental trajectories of DSM-IV symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: genetic effects, family risk and associated psychopathology Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Henrik LARSSON, Auteur ; Rezin DILSHAD, Auteur ; Paul LICHTENSTEIN, Auteur ; Edward D. BARKER, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.954-963 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ADHD  twins  family factors  comorbidity  development Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  DSM-IV specifies three ADHD subtypes; the combined, the hyperactive-impulsive and the inattentive. Little is known about the developmental relationships underlying these subtypes. The objective of this study was to describe the development of parent-reported hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattention symptoms from childhood to adolescence and to study their associations with genetic factors, family risk, and later adjustment problems in early adulthood. Method:  Data in this study comes from 1,450 twin pairs participating in a population-based, longitudinal twin study. Developmental trajectories were defined using parent-ratings of hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattention symptoms at age 8–9, 13–14, and 16–17. Twin methods were used to explore genetic influences on trajectories. Family risk measures included low socioeconomic status, large family size and divorce. Self-ratings of externalizing and internalizing problems in early adulthood were used to examine adjustment problems related to the different trajectory combinations. Results:  We found two hyperactivity-impulsivity trajectories (low, high/decreasing) and two inattention trajectories (low, high/increasing). Twin modeling revealed a substantial genetic component underlying both the hyperactivity-impulsivity and the inattention trajectory. Joint trajectory analyses identified four groups of adolescents with distinct developmental patterns of hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattention: a low/low group, a primarily hyperactive, a primarily inattentive and a combined (high/high) trajectory type. These trajectory combinations showed discriminant relations to adjustment problems in early adulthood. The hyperactive, inattentive and combined trajectory subtypes were associated with higher rates of family risk environments compared to the low/low group. Conclusion:  Study results showed that for those on a high trajectory, hyperactivity decreased whereas inattention increased. The combinations of these trajectories lend developmental insight into how children shift from (i) a combined to inattentive subtype, and (ii) a hyperactive-impulsive to a combined subtype. This study suggests that ADHD subtypes cannot be viewed as discrete and stable categories. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02379.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=141 [article] Developmental trajectories of DSM-IV symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: genetic effects, family risk and associated psychopathology [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Henrik LARSSON, Auteur ; Rezin DILSHAD, Auteur ; Paul LICHTENSTEIN, Auteur ; Edward D. BARKER, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.954-963. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-9 (September 2011) . - p.954-963 Mots-clés : ADHD  twins  family factors  comorbidity  development Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  DSM-IV specifies three ADHD subtypes; the combined, the hyperactive-impulsive and the inattentive. Little is known about the developmental relationships underlying these subtypes. The objective of this study was to describe the development of parent-reported hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattention symptoms from childhood to adolescence and to study their associations with genetic factors, family risk, and later adjustment problems in early adulthood. Method:  Data in this study comes from 1,450 twin pairs participating in a population-based, longitudinal twin study. Developmental trajectories were defined using parent-ratings of hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattention symptoms at age 8–9, 13–14, and 16–17. Twin methods were used to explore genetic influences on trajectories. Family risk measures included low socioeconomic status, large family size and divorce. Self-ratings of externalizing and internalizing problems in early adulthood were used to examine adjustment problems related to the different trajectory combinations. Results:  We found two hyperactivity-impulsivity trajectories (low, high/decreasing) and two inattention trajectories (low, high/increasing). Twin modeling revealed a substantial genetic component underlying both the hyperactivity-impulsivity and the inattention trajectory. Joint trajectory analyses identified four groups of adolescents with distinct developmental patterns of hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattention: a low/low group, a primarily hyperactive, a primarily inattentive and a combined (high/high) trajectory type. These trajectory combinations showed discriminant relations to adjustment problems in early adulthood. The hyperactive, inattentive and combined trajectory subtypes were associated with higher rates of family risk environments compared to the low/low group. Conclusion:  Study results showed that for those on a high trajectory, hyperactivity decreased whereas inattention increased. The combinations of these trajectories lend developmental insight into how children shift from (i) a combined to inattentive subtype, and (ii) a hyperactive-impulsive to a combined subtype. This study suggests that ADHD subtypes cannot be viewed as discrete and stable categories. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02379.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=141

Accessing and selecting word meaning in autism spectrum disorder / Lynnette M. HENDERSON in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52-9 (September 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-9 (September 2011) . - p.964-973 Titre : Accessing and selecting word meaning in autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lynnette M. HENDERSON, Auteur ; Paula J. CLARKE, Auteur ; Margaret J. SNOWLING, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.964-973 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Language comprehension  ambiguity resolution  semantic priming  homonyms  poor comprehenders Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Comprehension difficulties are commonly reported in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) but the causes of these difficulties are poorly understood. This study investigates how children with ASD access and select meanings of ambiguous words to test four hypotheses regarding the nature of their comprehension difficulties: semantic deficit, weak central coherence, reduced top-down control and inhibition deficit. Methods:  The cross-modal semantic priming paradigm was used. Children heard homonym primes in isolation or as final words in sentences biased towards the subordinate meaning and then named picture targets depicting dominant or subordinate associates of homonyms. Results:  When homonyms were presented in isolation, children with ASD and controls showed priming for dominant and subordinate pictures at 250ms ISI. At 1,000ms ISI, the controls showed dominant (but not subordinate) priming whilst the ASD group did not show any priming. When homonyms were presented in subordinate sentence contexts, both groups only showed priming for context-appropriate (subordinate) meanings at 250ms ISI, suggesting that context has an early influence on meaning selection. At 1,000ms ISI the controls showed context-appropriate (but not inappropriate) priming whereas the ASD group showed both appropriate and inappropriate priming. Conclusions:  Children with ASD showed intact access to semantic information early in the time course of processing; however, they showed impairments in the selection of semantic representations later in processing. These findings suggest that a difficulty with initiating top-down strategies to modulate online semantic processing may compromise language comprehension in ASD. Implications for intervention are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02393.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=141 [article] Accessing and selecting word meaning in autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lynnette M. HENDERSON, Auteur ; Paula J. CLARKE, Auteur ; Margaret J. SNOWLING, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.964-973. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-9 (September 2011) . - p.964-973 Mots-clés : Language comprehension  ambiguity resolution  semantic priming  homonyms  poor comprehenders Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Comprehension difficulties are commonly reported in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) but the causes of these difficulties are poorly understood. This study investigates how children with ASD access and select meanings of ambiguous words to test four hypotheses regarding the nature of their comprehension difficulties: semantic deficit, weak central coherence, reduced top-down control and inhibition deficit. Methods:  The cross-modal semantic priming paradigm was used. Children heard homonym primes in isolation or as final words in sentences biased towards the subordinate meaning and then named picture targets depicting dominant or subordinate associates of homonyms. Results:  When homonyms were presented in isolation, children with ASD and controls showed priming for dominant and subordinate pictures at 250ms ISI. At 1,000ms ISI, the controls showed dominant (but not subordinate) priming whilst the ASD group did not show any priming. When homonyms were presented in subordinate sentence contexts, both groups only showed priming for context-appropriate (subordinate) meanings at 250ms ISI, suggesting that context has an early influence on meaning selection. At 1,000ms ISI the controls showed context-appropriate (but not inappropriate) priming whereas the ASD group showed both appropriate and inappropriate priming. Conclusions:  Children with ASD showed intact access to semantic information early in the time course of processing; however, they showed impairments in the selection of semantic representations later in processing. These findings suggest that a difficulty with initiating top-down strategies to modulate online semantic processing may compromise language comprehension in ASD. Implications for intervention are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02393.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=141

Poor fine-motor and visuospatial skills predict persistence of pediatric-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder into adulthood / Michael H. BLOCH in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52-9 (September 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-9 (September 2011) . - p.974-983 Titre : Poor fine-motor and visuospatial skills predict persistence of pediatric-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder into adulthood Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Michael H. BLOCH, Auteur ; Denis G. SUKHODOLSKY, Auteur ; Philip A. DOMBROWSKI, Auteur ; Kaitlyn E. PANZA, Auteur ; Brittany G. CRAIGLOW, Auteur ; Angeli LANDEROS-WEISENBERGER, Auteur ; James F. LECKMAN, Auteur ; Bradley S. PETERSON, Auteur ; Robert T. SCHULTZ, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.974-983 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Obsessive-compulsive disorder  longitudinal study  neuropsychological tests  fine-motor skills and visuospatial skills Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Half of pediatric-onset OCD cases remit by adulthood. Studies have demonstrated that initial response to pharmacotherapy, age of onset, prominent hoarding symptoms, and the presence of comorbid tic disorders are associated with long-term outcome. Our goal was to examine the association between childhood performance on neuropsychological testing and persistence of OCD into adulthood. Methods:  Twenty-four children with OCD were followed for an average of 7.5 years into early adulthood. Neuropsychological performance in childhood (<16 years) was measured. The battery included the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-III), the Purdue pegboard test, the Rey–Osterreith Complex Figure Task (RCFT) and the Beery–Buktenica test of Visual Motor Integration (VMI). We hypothesized that deficits in fine-motor skills, visuospatial skills, and nonverbal memory as well as overall intelligence would be associated with adulthood outcome. We used a Cox proportional hazard model of survival analysis in which time to remission of OCD symptoms was the main outcome variable. Results:  Poor childhood performance on the Purdue pegboard task and the block design subscale of WISC-III was associated with persistence of OCD symptoms into adulthood. IQ, VMI, and nonverbal memory performance did not predict significantly the persistence of OCD. Conclusions:  These results suggest that visuospatial and fine-motor skill deficits are predictive of poor long-term outcome in pediatric-onset OCD. Future longitudinal studies are needed to chart the course of these deficits relative to the course of symptoms in OCD and to determine whether the association of these neuropsychiatric deficits with long-term outcome is specific to pediatric-onset OCD or generalizes to other psychiatric disorders. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02366.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=141 [article] Poor fine-motor and visuospatial skills predict persistence of pediatric-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder into adulthood [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Michael H. BLOCH, Auteur ; Denis G. SUKHODOLSKY, Auteur ; Philip A. DOMBROWSKI, Auteur ; Kaitlyn E. PANZA, Auteur ; Brittany G. CRAIGLOW, Auteur ; Angeli LANDEROS-WEISENBERGER, Auteur ; James F. LECKMAN, Auteur ; Bradley S. PETERSON, Auteur ; Robert T. SCHULTZ, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.974-983. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-9 (September 2011) . - p.974-983 Mots-clés : Obsessive-compulsive disorder  longitudinal study  neuropsychological tests  fine-motor skills and visuospatial skills Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Half of pediatric-onset OCD cases remit by adulthood. Studies have demonstrated that initial response to pharmacotherapy, age of onset, prominent hoarding symptoms, and the presence of comorbid tic disorders are associated with long-term outcome. Our goal was to examine the association between childhood performance on neuropsychological testing and persistence of OCD into adulthood. Methods:  Twenty-four children with OCD were followed for an average of 7.5 years into early adulthood. Neuropsychological performance in childhood (<16 years) was measured. The battery included the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-III), the Purdue pegboard test, the Rey–Osterreith Complex Figure Task (RCFT) and the Beery–Buktenica test of Visual Motor Integration (VMI). We hypothesized that deficits in fine-motor skills, visuospatial skills, and nonverbal memory as well as overall intelligence would be associated with adulthood outcome. We used a Cox proportional hazard model of survival analysis in which time to remission of OCD symptoms was the main outcome variable. Results:  Poor childhood performance on the Purdue pegboard task and the block design subscale of WISC-III was associated with persistence of OCD symptoms into adulthood. IQ, VMI, and nonverbal memory performance did not predict significantly the persistence of OCD. Conclusions:  These results suggest that visuospatial and fine-motor skill deficits are predictive of poor long-term outcome in pediatric-onset OCD. Future longitudinal studies are needed to chart the course of these deficits relative to the course of symptoms in OCD and to determine whether the association of these neuropsychiatric deficits with long-term outcome is specific to pediatric-onset OCD or generalizes to other psychiatric disorders. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02366.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=141

Youth suicide trends in Finland, 1969–2008 / Anniina LAHTI in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52-9 (September 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-9 (September 2011) . - p.984-991 Titre : Youth suicide trends in Finland, 1969–2008 Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Anniina LAHTI, Auteur ; Pirkko RASANEN, Auteur ; Kaisa RIALA, Auteur ; Sirpa KERANEN, Auteur ; Helinä HAKKO, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.984-991 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Suicide  adolescent  method  gender  Finland Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  There are only a few recent studies on secular trends in child and adolescent suicides. We examine here trends in rates and methods of suicide among young people in Finland, where suicide rates at these ages are among the highest in the world. Methods:  The data, obtained from Statistics Finland, consisted of all suicides (n = 901) committed by persons under 18 years of age over the period 1969–2008. Gender-specific trends were analysed separately for the years 1969–1989 and 1990–2008 using 3-year moving averages. Trends in methods of suicide were examined from 1975 to 2008 in five-year periods. Results:  The male-to-female ratio in youth suicides was 3.6:1. The male rates increased in 1969–1989, while the rates among females were inconsistent. After 1990, the rates decreased for males but turned to an increase among females. Shooting was the most common suicide method among males throughout the period, while hanging exceeded poisoning as the most common method among females after 1990. All violent suicides decreased for males and increased for females in 1990–2008. Conclusions:  The increase in violent, i.e., more lethal, suicide methods among young females is alarming, as females are known to have higher rates of attempted suicide than males. Alcohol consumption, rates and treatment of depression and violent behaviour among adolescents are discussed as approaches towards explaining this phenomenon. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02369.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=141 [article] Youth suicide trends in Finland, 1969–2008 [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Anniina LAHTI, Auteur ; Pirkko RASANEN, Auteur ; Kaisa RIALA, Auteur ; Sirpa KERANEN, Auteur ; Helinä HAKKO, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.984-991. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-9 (September 2011) . - p.984-991 Mots-clés : Suicide  adolescent  method  gender  Finland Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  There are only a few recent studies on secular trends in child and adolescent suicides. We examine here trends in rates and methods of suicide among young people in Finland, where suicide rates at these ages are among the highest in the world. Methods:  The data, obtained from Statistics Finland, consisted of all suicides (n = 901) committed by persons under 18 years of age over the period 1969–2008. Gender-specific trends were analysed separately for the years 1969–1989 and 1990–2008 using 3-year moving averages. Trends in methods of suicide were examined from 1975 to 2008 in five-year periods. Results:  The male-to-female ratio in youth suicides was 3.6:1. The male rates increased in 1969–1989, while the rates among females were inconsistent. After 1990, the rates decreased for males but turned to an increase among females. Shooting was the most common suicide method among males throughout the period, while hanging exceeded poisoning as the most common method among females after 1990. All violent suicides decreased for males and increased for females in 1990–2008. Conclusions:  The increase in violent, i.e., more lethal, suicide methods among young females is alarming, as females are known to have higher rates of attempted suicide than males. Alcohol consumption, rates and treatment of depression and violent behaviour among adolescents are discussed as approaches towards explaining this phenomenon. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02369.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=141

Childhood behavior problems and health at midlife: 35-year follow-up of a Scottish birth cohort / Sophie VON STUMM in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52-9 (September 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-9 (September 2011) . - p.992-1001 Titre : Childhood behavior problems and health at midlife: 35-year follow-up of a Scottish birth cohort Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sophie VON STUMM, Auteur ; Ian J. DEARY, Auteur ; Mika KIVIMAKI, Auteur ; Markus JOKELA, Auteur ; Heather CLARK, Auteur ; G. David BATTY, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.992-1001 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Childhood behavior disturbance  conduct problems  emotional problems  hyperactivity  health  smoking  alcohol  obesity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Childhood behavior problems are associated with premature mortality. To identify plausible pathways that may account for this association, we explored the extent to which childhood behavior problems relate to health behaviors and health outcomes at midlife. Methods:  The Aberdeen Children of the 1950s (ACONF) study comprises 12,500 children from the Aberdeen area, Scotland, UK. Childhood behavior problems were assessed by teacher ratings at children’s age of 6–12 years. Between 2001 and 2003, surviving study members, then aged 46–51 years, were mailed a questionnaire containing enquiries about physician-diagnosed conditions (long-term disease, diabetes, high blood pressure), general health, well-being, weight, smoking, and alcohol intake. A total of 7,183 responded. Results:  Two dimensions of externalizing (conduct problems and hyperactivity) and one of internalizing (emotional problems) behaviors were associated with adult health. Childhood conduct problems were related to an increased risk of long-term disease (odds ratio per one standard deviation increase; 95% confidence interval: 1.15; 1.02–1.29 for men; 1.26; 1.08–1.47 for women), obesity (1.16; 1.01–1.33 in men; 1.38; 1.14–1.68 in women), cigarette smoking (1.20; 1.07–1.34 in men; 1.17; 1.01–1.35 in women), and lower well-being. Childhood hyperactivity was associated with earlier initiation of smoking in men and women; smoking more cigarettes in women; and binge-drinking, as well as a higher frequency of hangovers in men. Internalizing behavior was related to a reduced the risk of ever smoking (.87; .80–.95 in men; .92; .85–.99 in women) and to healthier drinking patterns. In women but not men, internalizing problems also predicted a later age of smoking onset. Adjusting for socio-economic status of origin, childhood intelligence, education and age had negligible effects on these results. Conclusions:  Childhood behavior problems were associated with a series of adult health-related habits that may partially account for the link between early problem behaviors and premature mortality. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02373.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=141 [article] Childhood behavior problems and health at midlife: 35-year follow-up of a Scottish birth cohort [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sophie VON STUMM, Auteur ; Ian J. DEARY, Auteur ; Mika KIVIMAKI, Auteur ; Markus JOKELA, Auteur ; Heather CLARK, Auteur ; G. David BATTY, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.992-1001. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-9 (September 2011) . - p.992-1001 Mots-clés : Childhood behavior disturbance  conduct problems  emotional problems  hyperactivity  health  smoking  alcohol  obesity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Childhood behavior problems are associated with premature mortality. To identify plausible pathways that may account for this association, we explored the extent to which childhood behavior problems relate to health behaviors and health outcomes at midlife. Methods:  The Aberdeen Children of the 1950s (ACONF) study comprises 12,500 children from the Aberdeen area, Scotland, UK. Childhood behavior problems were assessed by teacher ratings at children’s age of 6–12 years. Between 2001 and 2003, surviving study members, then aged 46–51 years, were mailed a questionnaire containing enquiries about physician-diagnosed conditions (long-term disease, diabetes, high blood pressure), general health, well-being, weight, smoking, and alcohol intake. A total of 7,183 responded. Results:  Two dimensions of externalizing (conduct problems and hyperactivity) and one of internalizing (emotional problems) behaviors were associated with adult health. Childhood conduct problems were related to an increased risk of long-term disease (odds ratio per one standard deviation increase; 95% confidence interval: 1.15; 1.02–1.29 for men; 1.26; 1.08–1.47 for women), obesity (1.16; 1.01–1.33 in men; 1.38; 1.14–1.68 in women), cigarette smoking (1.20; 1.07–1.34 in men; 1.17; 1.01–1.35 in women), and lower well-being. Childhood hyperactivity was associated with earlier initiation of smoking in men and women; smoking more cigarettes in women; and binge-drinking, as well as a higher frequency of hangovers in men. Internalizing behavior was related to a reduced the risk of ever smoking (.87; .80–.95 in men; .92; .85–.99 in women) and to healthier drinking patterns. In women but not men, internalizing problems also predicted a later age of smoking onset. Adjusting for socio-economic status of origin, childhood intelligence, education and age had negligible effects on these results. Conclusions:  Childhood behavior problems were associated with a series of adult health-related habits that may partially account for the link between early problem behaviors and premature mortality. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02373.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=141

The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) – Self-Report. An analysis of its structure in a multiethnic urban adolescent sample / Jörg RICHTER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52-9 (September 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-9 (September 2011) . - p.1002-1011 Titre : The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) – Self-Report. An analysis of its structure in a multiethnic urban adolescent sample Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jörg RICHTER, Auteur ; Ase SAGATUN, Auteur ; Sonja HEYERDAHL, Auteur ; Brit OPPEDAL, Auteur ; Espen ROYSAMB, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.1002-1011 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Self-report SDQ  factor structure  CFA  adolescents  ethnic minorities Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  The SDQ is currently one of the internationally most frequently used screening instruments for child and adolescent mental health purposes. However, its structure, cross-cultural equivalence, and its applicability in ethnic minority groups is still a matter of discussion. Methods:  SDQ self-report data of 5,379 ethnic Norwegian and 865 ethnic minority adolescents with a variety of national origins was analysed by means of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Multi-group comparisons considering equal thresholds combined with more in-depth analyses on factor loadings, residuals, composite reliability, and average amount of variance explained by indicators of respective constructs were performed. Results:  CFA suggested a good fit of the five-factor model of the SDQ self-report in the subsample of ethnic Norwegian adolescents and an acceptable fit in ethnic minority subsamples without substantial differences between ethnic Norwegian SDQ data and data of Pakistani or those of ‘other ethnic minority’ adolescents. When assuming equal thresholds between response categories of the items as well as equal factor loadings the structure in the data significantly differed between ethnic Norwegian and both ethnic minority samples. Some factor loadings and some correlations between constructs significantly differed between ethnic Norwegian and both ethnic minority samples. The correlation coefficients between the hyperactivity factor and the conduct problems factor were too high in all three subsamples in order to establish distinct constructs. Composite reliability and average explained variance of the emotional symptoms factor were good in all samples, whereas they were low for some of the other factors. Conclusions:  To some extent the theoretically proposed five-factor structure of the Norwegian version of the SDQ self-report was supported in 15- to 16-year-old adolescents. However, the results of more detailed analyses raise questions about the interpretation of some subscales. When applying this screening method to Norwegian adolescents, our results suggest that the use of the total difficulty score of the SDQ in screening youth should be preferred over the subscale scores. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02372.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=141 [article] The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) – Self-Report. An analysis of its structure in a multiethnic urban adolescent sample [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jörg RICHTER, Auteur ; Ase SAGATUN, Auteur ; Sonja HEYERDAHL, Auteur ; Brit OPPEDAL, Auteur ; Espen ROYSAMB, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.1002-1011. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-9 (September 2011) . - p.1002-1011 Mots-clés : Self-report SDQ  factor structure  CFA  adolescents  ethnic minorities Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  The SDQ is currently one of the internationally most frequently used screening instruments for child and adolescent mental health purposes. However, its structure, cross-cultural equivalence, and its applicability in ethnic minority groups is still a matter of discussion. Methods:  SDQ self-report data of 5,379 ethnic Norwegian and 865 ethnic minority adolescents with a variety of national origins was analysed by means of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Multi-group comparisons considering equal thresholds combined with more in-depth analyses on factor loadings, residuals, composite reliability, and average amount of variance explained by indicators of respective constructs were performed. Results:  CFA suggested a good fit of the five-factor model of the SDQ self-report in the subsample of ethnic Norwegian adolescents and an acceptable fit in ethnic minority subsamples without substantial differences between ethnic Norwegian SDQ data and data of Pakistani or those of ‘other ethnic minority’ adolescents. When assuming equal thresholds between response categories of the items as well as equal factor loadings the structure in the data significantly differed between ethnic Norwegian and both ethnic minority samples. Some factor loadings and some correlations between constructs significantly differed between ethnic Norwegian and both ethnic minority samples. The correlation coefficients between the hyperactivity factor and the conduct problems factor were too high in all three subsamples in order to establish distinct constructs. Composite reliability and average explained variance of the emotional symptoms factor were good in all samples, whereas they were low for some of the other factors. Conclusions:  To some extent the theoretically proposed five-factor structure of the Norwegian version of the SDQ self-report was supported in 15- to 16-year-old adolescents. However, the results of more detailed analyses raise questions about the interpretation of some subscales. When applying this screening method to Norwegian adolescents, our results suggest that the use of the total difficulty score of the SDQ in screening youth should be preferred over the subscale scores. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02372.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=141